Please select what you would like included for printing: Copy the text below and then paste that into your favorite email application Barbara Ann O’Pry entered her heavenly home on Monday she professed her faith in Jesus Christ at the age of 10 a commitment that shaped her life and inspired those around her to Geraldine Kincaid Abbott and Early Raymond Abbott A proud graduate of Greenville High School in 1956 William “Billy Fred” O’Pry Their marriage was blessed with three children: Jennie Lynn who were the light of Barbara’s life She became “Memaw” and her joy continued to multiply with the arrival of her three grandchildren—David and Kaitlyn—and her four great-grandchildren: Chilon Barbara’s love for her family extended to the kitchen where she created delicious meals and precious memories Cooking was not just a passion but a way to bring everyone together passing down her recipes and the joy of preparing meals with love Her flowerbeds and vegetable garden were a reflection of her nurturing spirit and her connection to God’s creation Barbara dedicated over 30 years to the Federal Government with her final decade of service at the U.S She is preceded in death by her beloved parents Billy Fred; her sisters Betty and Mary; and her brothers Stanley and James She is survived by her sister Dorothy; her children and William Fred O’Pry Jr.; her grandchildren and Kaitlyn and husband Chad Krum; her great-grandchildren and Brynlee; as well as many cherished nieces and nephews and kindness will live on in the hearts of all who knew her A Celebration of Life service will be held on Friday Enter your phone number above to have directions sent via text This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply Service map data © OpenStreetMap contributors A controversial highway in Chiapas whose construction has been delayed for nearly 20 years has received the go-ahead after residents of five municipalities approved the project via a nonbinding referendum On Monday morning, Governor Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar announced the results in a social media post The Route of the Maya Cultures has been approved by the people!”  Ramírez thanked the public for their participation during “an exemplary day of voting” on Sunday adding that the highway was approved with 39,321 votes in favor and only 919 against The highway will connect the former state capital, San Cristóbal de las Casas, with the town of Palenque, known as the gateway to ancient Mayan ruins. Palenque, founded in 1567 and populated primarily by Indigenous Maya communities, is also the home of former President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (2018-2024). Residents of the municipalities of Palenque, Ocosingo, Chilón, Salto de Agua and Tumbalá took part in a public consultation organized by the state government Approval was sought only for the section of the highway between Palenque and Ocosingo State officials said that ballots were provided in Spanish as well as in the Indigenous languages of tzeltal and chol so as to “promote the full participation of all those who wish to make their voices heard.” public consultations are required any time the government plans to take legislative or administrative measures affecting the country’s Indigenous groups and their land The new highway would replace Highway 199 which originates in the central highlands and traverses the jungle in the northeast part of the state Ocosingo is only 68 kilometers south of Palenque but Highway 199 winds its way through the jungle for 119 kilometers to reach Palenque The old highway also connects Ocosingo to San Cristóbal de las Casas to the southwest but it takes roughly two and a half hours to drive the 95 kilometers Since the project was first presented nearly two decades ago successive state and federal governments have defended the highway by saying it would provide economic benefits to the poorest parts of the state “We are fully committed to the people of Chiapas,” Governor Ramírez said in February especially those who are most vulnerable.” Ramírez added that the highway would remain in public hands and that there would be no private concessions granted Critics of the long-delayed highway proposal argue that construction will destroy the environment and strip local residents of their land and its resources They also claim that residents have not been fully informed about the proposal and its consequences Last month, the regional organization Movement in Defense of Life and Land (Modevite), which has been campaigning against the project for 12 years, published a letter it had submitted to the state government in which it described the project as another example of “colonialism and racism that favors transnational interests Modevite said that while it was not opposed to the concept of progress “we are against the violation of our rights; [we are] against imposition and authoritarianism that benefits the few in and harms the land that has been the source of life for our peoples.” the Ocosingo-based bus company Grupo Único Cotaco calling it “an important step toward modernization and regional development” that would boost tourism and benefit the local economy ADVERTISE WITH MND COMMUNITY GUIDELINES Subscription FAQ's Privacy Policy Mexico News Daily - Property of Tavana LLC University of San Francisco student Mia Martins shares her admiration for Nélida Ayay Chilón I am ashamed to be writing this letter now when your story is one I should have been aware of much sooner a Spanish-language documentary I repeatedly passed over in favor of familiar When I finally clicked on Hija de La Laguna the opening shot framed you standing on a green hill stark and solitary against the lush background Your voice is plaintive but poignant when you say So begins your struggle — the struggle that thousands face every day Indigenous women are fighting for their rights I can only imagine how deeply you’ve missed your home while abroad how it tore at you to be absent when there are companies trying to tear your land apart Thank you for educating those who, like me, were ignorant of your plight. Before watching Hija de la Laguna I was unaware of the atrocities being committed by mining companies who seem to care only about profit — not about the people they’re displacing the source of life that they’re devastating By sharing your efforts with videographers you’ve uniquely illuminated an issue that too often is avoided Instead of continuing to let us ignore your abusers you called them out as publicly as possible in a documentary that’s available worldwide on Netflix Thank you for showing me what true dedication to learning looks like Despite law classes being located in Cajamarca you’ve attended them dutifully for five years studying for reasons much more vital than just passing tests Even as the urbanization of the city eats away at you proving that you will do whatever it takes to protect the land assuring her that you won’t let them take advantage of her because she cannot read or write It’s easy to paint you as a real-life superhero but doing so would deny and discount your humanity It’s this humanity that both impedes you and spurs you forward It’s this humanity that you are fighting for: the right to water there’s no doubt that you are as super as a woman can be You have inspired me to pursue justice at any cost Though these companies seek to disempower you and other Indigenous women by any means necessary they will always fail at taking away your humanity Thank you for reminding us of the infinite power contained in a single woman of all the injustice she can endure and the change she can enact Thank you for proving that a unified community cannot be stopped You demonstrate what it means to be tenacious it’s time for the rest of us to model our actions after yours Related: Janelle Monáe Helped Me Craft a Version of Myself I’m Proud to Be It may be tempting to hoard the data you have gathered on your customers but an increasing number of regulations and laws require businesses to do just the opposite Sarah Hutchins and Robert Botkin from Parker Poe are here to tell you why that’s good news Chilon of Sparta is credited with the proverb “less is more.” If only he knew the entire Library of Alexandria could fit on a single flash drive today (He may still have concocted a clever proverb for that Let us not think of Chilon of Sparta as some sort of neophyte, however. The size of the global datasphere — a measure of the total amount of new information, created, captured and consumed each year — is simply staggering: IDC estimates that by 2025 this figure will reach 181 zettabytes (one zettabyte is equivalent to a trillion gigabytes) That’s almost 12 times the size of the global datasphere in 2015 the amount of data collected by businesses is still exponentially increasing with no plateau in sight due in part to the rise of connected devices “With great data comes great responsibility.” — Some lawmaker (probably) Lawmakers and regulators are increasingly concerned with the granular data points businesses maintain on consumers A number of cybersecurity incidents over the past few years have highlighted risky data governance practices such as companies maintaining data on consumers far past what is necessary for business purposes new laws and regulatory efforts are emphasizing data minimization The practice of data minimization focuses on collecting the personal data that is reasonably necessary to provide the consumer with the service requested or purchased Once the data is no longer reasonably necessary to provide the services — or at the end of any recordkeeping retention period — the business must delete or aggregate the data think about data minimization in two parts: (1) limited collection and (2) limited retention There are ways businesses can approach both parts to shift data minimization from a legal risk to a strategic advantage If your first reaction to data minimization is “but we don’t know if we will need the data at a later point,” you are not alone. This was the mentality of many business leaders in the recent past. However, risk vs. reward calculus is changing amid surging cybersecurity attacks and regulatory scrutiny Data minimization is becoming part of the legislative landscape in other ways as well: Decreasing the amount of data collected and stored enables your organization to increase processing speed and data queries reduce the total cost of data storage and limit the consequences of a data breach then maximizing database performance to minimize the response time of your queries is easy money Maximal performance can only be achieved by understanding the logical and physical structure of the data as well as how the conflicting or duplicative uses of your database might affect performance Limiting the data collected and stored to only data that’s truly essential ensures that old stale data does not cause unnecessary delays Saving money might be even better than saving time By lowering the overall volume of data stored in the databases businesses can also lower the bill from their cloud service provider which typically charge monthly per-gigabyte storage fees While reducing the total amount of data held by the business would reduce storage costs it also reduces the long-run cost of governing It should come as no surprise that data breaches are expensive negatively impact a business’s reputation and make retaining staff hiring new staff and managing vendor/customer relationships challenging the more expensive the data breach is likely to be statutes that include an explicit private right of action provide another tool for litigants affords consumers the right to recover between $100 and $750 per person where the business failed to maintain reasonable safeguards resulting in a breach Litigants avail themselves of other theories of recovery unfair trade practice claims and breach of contract Data minimization promotes deleting the personal data of each customer who has not interacted with the business in two or more years By creating a cut-off point for when data should be deleted the business cuts down the total number of consumers and In order to achieve the strategic advantages above businesses should take a few practical steps to implement data minimization practices:     It is important to interview all stakeholders in determining what is truly necessary for business purposes it is patently obvious what information is valuable to the business such as an address for a company that delivers goods Social Security numbers for credit card companies or biometric information for certain authentication companies it is clear that the business does not need the data or does not need the granularity of such data Your business sends out a coupon to customers on their birthdays (because who doesn’t love a good coupon?) personal information only when collected in full If the business is minimizing data collection The service can be provided by collecting only the day and month but if the business collected the consumer’s age then just collecting the birth month may be sufficient We now have successfully identified what data the business actually needs to perform the services Once it is understood what data is collected and for what purposes A document that maps how data is collected what data is collected and why data is collected is valuable for any data governance program Good data governance programs include data verification and validation processes that occur before or at the time data is collected Leveraging automated tools to handle manual processes for sorting organizing and classifying data breaks down database silos data is collected and stored as a customer moves through the online retail experience purchases a product and calls customer support Ensuring the data can be shared across the organization allows the customer to move through the process seamlessly product development teams can identify trends in what questions customers had and the reasons products were returned without having to restructure the data sent by different departments A data retention schedule is the crown jewel of the data retention policy and is increasingly required by applicable regulations; proactively creating a data retention schedule pays dividends Data retention schedules complement data mapping exercises to explain how the business decides when to delete data — for example deleting all accounts if not used in the past two years Lining up a method to determine when data is no longer needed and can be deleted is key to rounding out the data lifecycle and creating metrics for the compliance function Normalizing the data retention schedule with employees also is critical to building institutional awareness of the business’s expectations for data retention It is important to note that adopting a retention schedule that is not followed is the open-and-shut case regulators and plaintiff attorneys dream about Data minimization can be a strategic imperative Highlighting the cost-saving benefits to stakeholders in your organization is key to gaining buy-in For data protection and governance projects showing the business the benefits of a new practice will be an easier sell than showing them why they need to stop their old practices Sarah Hutchins leads Parker Poe’s cybersecurity & data privacy team Her experience with business litigation and government investigations strengthens her cybersecurity and data privacy practice She is recognized by the IAPP as a Certified Information Privacy Professional/United States (CIPP/US) which is the gold standard for privacy professionals in America Robert Botkin is an attorney in Parker Poe’s cybersecurity & data privacy team He helps clients navigate data privacy issues and assists with developing privacy policies responding to security incidents and implementing data governance programs Sample provisions offer blueprint for compliant data brokerage with foreign entities 90-day implementation window closing on regulations affecting companies with genomic What compliance teams need to know about the changing approach to consumer protection and data privacy Despite the absence of comprehensive federal privacy legislation American businesses face mounting regulatory pressure from multiple directions Privacy Policy | AI Policy CCI is the web’s premier global independent news source for compliance Got a news tip? Get in touch. Want a weekly round-up in your inbox? Sign up for free This Summer, the Ignatian Center hosted 9 students on an immersion trip to Chiapas, Mexico to learn about indigenous sovereignty and human rights. During the immersion, students had the unique opportunity to engage with the Tzeltal indigenous communities through their cooperative Yomol A'tel respecting the environment and people and exemplifying the Tzeltal worldview that it is about putting the person in the center in relation to capital wrote about her experience visiting the coffee plantation of Petul an indigenous farmer in the Yomol A'tel cooperative.  After our long walk to the plantation, I was confused at the sight. Petul’s coffee plants were not in the neat, manicured rows I was expecting, but rather, dispersed loosely in a patch of the jungle. As someone raised in the city, I found myself awed by Petul’s endless care for his plantation among plagues and bad growing seasons.  One of the main topics we discussed during reflections at the end of each day was the concept of vocation and the motivations behind people’s work. Petul got into the coffee industry because the knowledge was passed down by his father. His answer was simple and reminded me of the value of the concept of duty.  Becoming immersed in a culture so deeply rooted in tradition showed me that I’m part of a greater, intergenerational community, and it’s my duty to use the gifts and lessons they’ve passed down for the greater good of my global community.  Gema Sanchez Gamez '26Anthropology MajorUniversity Honors ProgramCiocca Center Mindset ScholarLEAD Scholar 500 El Camino RealSanta Clara, CA 95053(408) 554-4000 The research focused on the population that stated that they were consumers of the Unión brand (a brand whose value proposition is the sale of healthy foods), obtaining 482 consumers. The study was conducted under a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design approach. The results support the existence of a positive and significant effect of NL on ATT, SN, and PBC, finding the exact behavior of SN and PBC in WCHBF; however, in the proposed model, it is observed that ATT has no impact on WCHBF. Applying strategies that lead to a change in consumer behavior towards healthy brands is a matter of time and will. In this context, the findings indicate that nutritional literacy plays an essential role in the willingness to consume healthy foods, which sheds more light on the design of educational interventions and awareness campaigns that independently inform about nutritional benefits and empower consumers, allowing them to make informed and healthy choices. Volume 11 - 2024 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1353569 This article is part of the Research TopicIndustry and Individuals: Branding, Labelling, and Marketing of Food ProductsView all 10 articles Introduction: The willingness to consume healthy foods has highlighted the growing importance of health and predicting the willingness to consume foods of a healthy brand represents an action that leads to the practice of conscious eating habits To answer this question and based on previous studies such as the theory of planned behavior and nutritional literacy this study aimed to build a predictive model through an empirical study to examine the influence of nutritional literacy (NL) on attitude (ATT) subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) as well as to determine the influence of the three variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the willingness to consume healthy brand foods (WCHBF) in the Peruvian market Methods: The research focused on the population that stated that they were consumers of the Unión brand (a brand whose value proposition is the sale of healthy foods) The study was conducted under a quantitative Results: The results support the existence of a positive and significant effect of NL on ATT finding the exact behavior of SN and PBC in WCHBF; however it is observed that ATT has no impact on WCHBF Conclusion: Applying strategies that lead to a change in consumer behavior towards healthy brands is a matter of time and will the findings indicate that nutritional literacy plays an essential role in the willingness to consume healthy foods which sheds more light on the design of educational interventions and awareness campaigns that independently inform about nutritional benefits and empower consumers allowing them to make informed and healthy choices Over time, there have been significant changes in food consumption patterns. Health has become one of the most critical factors influencing food choices (1–4). However, individuals have varying attitudes toward food and dietary behaviors, resulting in different food patterns and preferences (5–7) Therefore, the willingness to consume foods from healthy brands and nutritional literacy are key aspects that are vital in promoting a balanced and healthy diet (11, 17, 18). Together, they are committed to building a healthier society where consumers can make informed decisions that benefit their well-being and society (8, 16) After a diligent review of the background above there has been a growing interest in continuing to study these topics for academics and professionals in the business and health sectors Although scientific evidence validates that among the topics of study the theory of planned behavior has caused the most significant interest bibliometric indicators reveal the ten countries that most disclose their scientific results: the USA The same ones have applied their study to various areas When discerning the scientific dissemination by country the studies carried out in the Peruvian population have been found to be very limited very little scientific literature can provide support and guidance for future studies in this context Given the prevalence of diseases and poor eating practices related to nutrition this research aims to fill the knowledge gap and provide a valuable contribution to the academic community and professionals of the sectors involved the purpose of the research is to build a predictive model through an empirical study to examine the influence of Nutritional Literacy (NL) on attitude (ATT) as well as determine the influence of three variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the willingness to consume (WCHBF) for healthy products in the Peruvian market The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a psychological framework that helps predict and understand human behavior (70). It is commonly used to predict purchasing and consumption behaviors (70–73). TPB proposes three main factors influencing a person’s behavior: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (70, 74) This influence may extend beyond reliance on explicit food label details encompassing direct impacts on food choices or shaping attitudes and beliefs H1: Nutritional Literacy (NL) positively influences consumer attitudes toward healthy brand food consumption indicating that consumers are influenced by their peers when using food labels to select healthy foods Considering these antecedents arises the hypothesis that: H2: Nutritional Literacy (NL) positively influences Subjective Norms (SN) for healthy brand food consumption proposing that promoting food literacy programs can instigate positive shifts in eating behavior and facilitate well-informed decision-making in dietary choices H3: Nutritional Literacy (NL) positively influences Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) for healthy brand food consumption The theory of planned behavior has been fundamental in understanding consumer food decisions (90–92). Based on the idea that attitudes, perceived social norms, and perceived behavioral control influence a person’s intentions and behaviors, this psychological theory has been successfully applied in numerous studies focused on consumers’ food choices (91–97) There is a correlation between consumer attitude and the intention to consume health-oriented products H4: Attitude (ATT) positively influences the consumers’ willingness to consume healthy brand food (WCHBF) They observed that close friends and partners considerably influenced subjective influence implying that they are essential in controlling drink consumption H5: Subjective Norms (SN) positively influence the consumers’ willingness to consume healthy brand food (WCHBF) H6: Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) positively influences the consumers’ willingness to consume healthy brand food (WCHBF) Considering the hypotheses mentioned above, the ensuing conceptual model of the study can be visualized, as depicted in Figure 1. Additionally, the advanced hypotheses and their associated constructs have been briefly outlined in tabular form and are available for reference in Appendix A Different authors recommend different sample sizes. The optimal sample size recommended by some authors should be more than 100 subjects, and the minimum acceptable is at least five times the number of items to be analyzed; however, they suggest that ten times the number of items to be interpreted would be more acceptable (112, 113) Considering these recommendations and given that the instrument of the present study is composed of 27 essential items and three socio-demographic items a minimum sample of 300 subjects was established which is above the minimum required sample To evaluate the Nutritional Literacy (NL) variable, this study applied the short 11-item scale developed by Vrinten et al. (120). To evaluate the variables of the theory of planned behavior, adaptation was proposed by Kumar et al. (121), where Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control have three items each, and the willingness to consume foods from healthy brands has seven items (Appendix B) All items are evaluated using a 5-point Likert-type scale where “1” means “Strongly disagree” and “5” means “Strongly agree.” The digital questionnaire was divided into two sections The first section presented the 27 items already mentioned and the second section was composed of questions related to socio-demographic data such as age The significance of the path coefficients (p-value and t-value) was sought to evaluate the structural model. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to measure the predictive relevance of the structural model. Finally, the overall model fit was measured using the root mean square residual (SRMR). It is noteworthy that behavioral scholars have praised the application of PLS-SEM in interdisciplinary research (124) The application of the PLS-SEM software is carried out through two stages: (1) evaluation of the measurement model and (2) evaluation of the structural model. The first stage evaluates the validity and reliability of the measurement model, and the second evaluates the structural model, which addresses the relationships between the constructs (126, 127) Although the method used for statistical analysis in this study does not require compliance with normality these data provide information about the distribution of the data The Fornell–Larker criterion was used to evaluate discriminant validity, so the square root of the AVE of each construct was calculated, which had to be greater than the highest correlation between the construct and other constructs in the model (126, 127). Table 3 shows that all bold diagonal values are more significant than the correlations the measurement model meets all the necessary assumptions to continue evaluating the structural model After completing the discriminant, convergent, and reliability tests, the structural model was evaluated using the PLS bootstrapping algorithm with a complete result, a subsample of 5,000, and a one-tailed t-test at a significance level of 0.05%. The outcomes of the structural model with the path coefficient, which ought to be a value between −1 and +1 (111), are displayed in Figure 2 willingness to consume healthy brand food; SN The hypothesis tests and the evaluation of the path coefficients can be seen in Table 4 The results show that NL has a positive and significant effect on ATT The results show that SN and PBC positively and significantly affect WCHBF This model indicates that ATT does not impact the WCHBF so it is possible to continue with the analysis of the differences between both groups Using the Multigroup Bootstrap Analysis (Bootstrap MGA), we proceeded to verify the difference in the results of the contrast of the hypotheses between men and women, after performing an analysis of 5,000 samples, the results show that none of the p values is less than 0.05, therefore (132), There is no significant difference between men and women in the contrasts of the hypotheses raised in this study (see Table 6) antecedents that support this investigation have been found Regardless of acquiring knowledge regarding a daily diet nutritional literacy triggers an essential influence for a consumer to adopt healthy food consumption habits specifying that nutritional literacy influences subjective norms constituting this fact as an opportunity to provide further strength to interventions aimed at promoting the consumption of healthy brand foods and skills can influence the final decision This means that subjective norms are a point of support since the participation of third parties and the social environment build positive attitudes regarding the consumption of healthy brand foods which represents forming solid habits regarding a diet from healthy brands the results suggest that the influence of nutritional literacy on attitude and perceived behavioral control is similar between men and women This indicates that both groups may similarly perceive the importance of nutritional literacy in their purchasing decisions for healthy products This study has addressed consumer behavior from the planned behavior perspective within the theoretical implications the proposed theoretical model is part of a robust conceptual structure that allows a clear understanding of the factors involved in decision shopping specific strategies that aim to correct consumer behavior regarding the consumption of healthy foods can be addressed Statistics make an essential contribution to the literature on these topics more research is needed to evaluate the data obtained in this study more broadly the results lead to discovering specific practical implications that have to do with technology allowing consumers to be well-informed and achieve nutritional literacy is not an impossible task it does require that the media disseminate information about it it is necessary to increase nutritional literacy to ensure a healthier diet in the population; therefore new government policies on health must be developed to achieve these standards When analyzing projects and programs related to nutrition in underdeveloped countries some of these successful programs include multiple behavioral development initiatives that could last over time but require a progressive lifestyle change the results of this study can be translated into recommendations to improve nutritional literacy and the development of good eating habits to avoid health risks and complications (poor quality of life the Ministries of Health and Education should show a more significant commitment to cooperating for this national purpose such as healthy eating and lifestyle programs are necessary to educate a new generation with a broader vision could be spreading less-than-appropriate eating practices these issues should be addressed with permanent guidance from experts in the field This study deepens knowledge about nutritional literacy and the consumption of foods from healthy brands which would allow the senior management of any organization those responsible for the Ministry of Health and other public and private organizations to consider reforming food policies and designing strategies to improve the health of more citizens given that there are no significant differences between men and women marketing strategies related to promoting healthy products could be designed more unisex Campaigns that highlight the importance of nutritional literacy could effectively target both sexes The size of the sample and the type of sampling (non-probability by convenience) used in the study do not allow the results to be projected onto the composition of the base population The study sample was observed to have a significant disproportion in terms of civil status the study’s findings may not be applicable to other populations or contexts since the sample was biased toward specific socio-demographic characteristics It is suggested that future studies should attempt to obtain more homogeneous samples to avoid this issue the study did not consider some essential socio-economic determinants to describe the profile of the participants This fact is part of one of the limitations of this study it is proposed that future research address the differences in perception of the study variables in a different cultural context to measure the gaps The study was also limited by the time it took to complete the survey making some prone to abandoning the questionnaire another limitation of this research is that it has not been considered whether the sample has received or possesses any level of nutritional literacy since the difference between them may be a research bias so future research should address the level of nutritional literacy to carry out an analysis that measures the strength of influence of one variable on another although there are no significant differences between men and women in the results of this study it could be beneficial to explore external factors such as culture or social events that may influence men and women differently in relation to eating and health These factors must be considered for future research in this way to understand the context fully The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors The studies involving humans were approved by Universidad Peruana Unión Ethics Committee The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Elizabeth Emperatriz García-Salirrosas, ZWdhcmNpYXNhQGF1dG9ub21hLmVkdS5wZQ== Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Which language would you like to use this site in The disproportionate use of criminal law is one of the main threats facing the right to protest peacefully in defense of land, territory and environment in Mexico, Amnesty International said today upon publishing a new report. Mexico: Land and Freedom? Criminalizing defenders of land, territory and environment documents the disproportionate use of the justice system to deter punish and prevent defenders from protesting in demand of their rights “The disproportionate use of the criminal justice system against protesters forms part of a broader strategy of disincentivizing and dismantling advocacy for land It is alarming to see that Mexico ranks among the countries with the highest number of murders of environmental defenders and yet far from the State addressing and preventing this violence other serious human rights violations are also being committed such as stigmatization forced displacement and disappearances,” said Erika Guevara-Rosas Americas director at Amnesty International This report focuses on four cases: (i) Colonia Maya in San Cristóbal de las Casas where a diverse group of people came together to protest against the construction of residential housing in a protected area where it would cause environmental damage; (ii) Zacatepec opposed the construction of a drain in Ciudad Industrial Huejotzingo that would flow into the Metlapanapa River were criminalized for opposing the construction of a National Guard barracks in their territory; iv) Sitilpech Arturo and Juan Diego are opposing the activities of a mega pig farm in their territory because of the pollution water contamination and health problems it is causing The disproportionate use of the criminal justice system against protesters forms part of a broader strategy of disincentivizing and dismantling advocacy for land The right to protest is a fundamental recourse that land territory and environmental defenders have used to demand their rights particularly when other institutional mechanisms have failed or have not been accessible to them Various state authorities have used criminal proceedings against them They have also failed to consider the context of the protests and the people’s right to defend their land Our report highlights the use of vague or ambiguous offences that ignore the principle of legality “obstruction of public works” and variations on the offence of “attacks on roadways” It was also noted that events occurring during protests have been conveniently adapted to fit other crimes through broad interpretations of criminal offences and statements that misrepresent the facts The accusations are largely fabricated on the basis of statements made by public servants and company workers directly related to the events being denounced by the communities There is no hard evidence in any of the criminal files that would enable any crime to be established Amnesty International observed some alarming similarities in these cases The complaints filed are overwhelmingly directed at people who are considered leaders or those who are most visible in the protest movements and they are being prosecuted for vague offences without hard evidence and solely on the basis of their peaceful actions The proceedings often drag on for various reasons and there is a constant worry that cases could be revived or new crimes fabricated “Criminal proceedings against defenders are intended as a deterrent to others advocating for the same causes as it leads them to fear that their legitimate demands may end in stigmatization repression or threats to their lives and safety While we’ve observed the hope and dignity of some who are being unjustly criminalized when they enjoy the support of their communities we’ve also seen others who have decided to abandon the struggle to demand their rights,” said Edith Olivares Ferreto executive director of Amnesty International Mexico These processes are often accompanied by a stigmatization of defenders and serious problems for their security and physical and mental health This situation also affects their legal representatives and people who support them on an ongoing basis The use of the criminal justice system against those who dissent or speak out in relation to local government projects and corporate interests takes place without consequence and with complete impunity Other violations that occur in the context of protests have also not been investigated such as violations of the right to liberty and security of defenders The unjust criminalization of defenders who protest peacefully has both individual and collective impacts Some of the most common effects on an individual level are physical physical pain as a result of blows received feelings of injustice at what has happened to them and effects on their work defending their rights Collective impacts include the intimidation or repression of demands for rights to land territory and the environment among people advocating for the same causes The unjust criminalization of human rights defenders draws attention away from the root causes and challenges facing land The right to protest must be handled in such a way that recognizes that punishing those involved in social conflicts generally only exacerbates the problem rather than resolving the substance of the issue Defenders’ demands must be properly heard and analysed and their right to protest guaranteed we’ve also seen others who have decided to abandon the struggle to demand their rights Amnesty International’s report offers a number of general recommendations for addressing the disproportionate use of the criminal justice system against protesters in addition to other recommendations specific to the cases documented in the report the authorities must recognize the valuable work done by land territory and environmental defenders; refrain from stigmatizing them; guarantee their participation in issues affecting their communities; strengthen the Protection Mechanism for Human Rights Defenders and Journalists; and refrain from using militarized security forces Amnesty International calls on the state to immediately cease the criminalization of protest and to properly investigate the human rights violations in the cases documented in the report in order to ensure that the defenders receive full reparations The report accompanies the launch of the campaign #ProtestarNoEsUnCrimen which seeks to raise awareness of the problem of the unjust criminalization of human rights defenders and its impact on the defence of land Together we can fight for human rights everywhere Your donation can transform the lives of millions If you are talented and passionate about human rights then Amnesty International wants to hear from you State authorities in Chiapas arrested the alleged leader of a local criminal group known for committing crimes such as robbery Joaquín "El Chorizo" Flores Hernández was arrested by agents of the Chiapas Attorney General's Office and the People's Security Secretariat in the municipality of Chilón a small rural community nestled in the mountainous According to authorities, "El Chorizo" has been identified as a potential leader of the criminal group Karma, a local cell in Chiapas. Current state Attorney Genera lorge Luis Llaven Abarca revealed that the Karma criminal group acts as a regional cell for the Sinaloa cartel He added that four other members of the local gang were arrested April 10 and just like "El Chorizo," they are "now facing justice." As reported by Infobae Mexico an arrest warrant was issued against Flores Hernández after making multiple threats including showing up armed to a local government building and physically assaulting law enforcement officers "He told them he would come with a convoy and that he would take their lives," said Óscar Aparicio Avendaño "That's why we decided to transfer him to Tuxtla Gutiérrez and serve him with an arrest warrant for homicide," he added Flores Hernández is linked to previous homicides in the region including the deaths of four rural farmers and a journalist State officials suggest "El Chorizo" was involved in the January 2019 massacre of four rural farmers in the nearby community of Yajalón The victims were ambushed while on their way to a protest when the alleged gang members attacked them His name is also linked to the 2018 murder of journalist Mario Leonel Gómez Sánchez, a correspondent for El Heraldo de Chiapas in Yajalón and whose case remains under investigation "El Chorizo" counts with family ties with state deputy Juan Manuel Utrilla Constantino who has held other positions within the Yajalón local government Flores Hernández is the brother-in-law of the lawmaker and several groups in Chiapas have called for an investigation into Utrilla for possible links between local officials and criminal groups This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page — The aphorism about not speaking ill of the dead is believed to have originated with Chilon of Sparta but then Chilon never had to play a Pete Dye golf course It’s been three years since the celebrated architect died at age 94 but his name has surely been muttered in vain by quite a few competitors this week at TPC Sawgrass where the Stadium Course ranks among the most taxing of his designs in a career that spanned half a century elite professional golfers are often unable to distinguish between being tested and being humiliated the greater the odds a player will hold a dim view of both golf course and architect The first Players Championship held here was in 1982 when J.C Snead famously sniped that Dye had ruined a perfectly good swamp (His verdict probably didn’t soften in eight subsequent appearances during which he broke 70 only once and even carded an 85) Dye earned the moniker of the ‘Marquis De Sod’ for what Tour players saw as his gleeful embrace of sadism the Stadium Course is golf’s equivalent of a medieval rack across which the world’s best players are stretched until their breaking point is identified 143 competitors will have snapped as cleanly as the club Shane Lowry angrily pulverized in Thursday’s first round since some years not even the winner emerges unscathed Aaron Wise must have wanted to snap all 14 of his after rinsing three balls at the 18th hole on his way to a 10 Friday brought more misery. Lucas Herbert followed his opening 82 with 85. Through 36 holes leaving the Australian only an ace and a Wise shy of batting for the most improbable cycle in elite golf And Herbert didn’t even have the worst day More: Pete Dye's top 10 courses according to Golfweek's Best rankings Max McGreevy signed for 89 after a day in which he had more 7s than 3s To borrow a quip from the late Peter Alliss his card resembled the dialing code for Tierra del Fuego It will be cold comfort to McGreevy that Herbert still clipped him by nine strokes for high finisher A course that shows no mercy also showed no favoritism, as players who arrived in form were sent packing early. While world No. 1 Jon Rahm was felled by a stomach bug, others had to sign for their woes fresh off victory two weeks ago at the Honda Classic winner of the Arnold Palmer Invitational five days ago He will have the weekend off to celebrate his victory The two men who finished tied second behind Kitayama — Rory McIlroy and Harris English — were also rendered roadkill The Stadium Course is one of only two PGA Tour venues (Pebble Beach being the other) where the course is not merely the stage upon which great actors work a challenge more terrifying than being caught short in a long line for the portalet on Saturday at the WM Phoenix Open Like Hal Sutton’s right club on that day in 2000 Len Mattiace was one shot off the lead when he got to the 17th hole 25 years ago and made 8 a painful moment for a popular figure in the locker room Sergio Garcia came to the 17th tee tied for the lead with Woods and made a quadruple bogey prompting peers in the locker room to wonder if Schadenfreude is capitalized The Stadium Course at Sawgrass provides something seldom seen now in elite golf Most weeks on the PGA Tour we see a battery of birdies propel someone to victory We likely will this week too — it’s inevitable in a stacked field that at least one guy will get hot But for those of us who enjoy seeing the world’s top golfers get mugged — to experience the kind of frustration the rest of us endure with every outing — this is as good as it gets The greatest day in golf during 2022 was Saturday at Sawgrass when high winds battered the course and the psyches of the best The flip side is that brutality can be a buzz kill claiming the very stars upon whom an event relies for eyeballs That’s not ideal for a Tour touting its designated events which to be fair have produced stellar leaderboards in recent weeks TPC Sawgrass remains the most entertaining venue on Tour — fair enough to generously reward those in full flight capricious enough to harshly punish those who aren’t So while some of those slamming trunks in the Sawgrass parking lot might be taking Pete Dye’s name in vain the rest of us have reason enough to whisper it as a blessing The information on this page is intended for journalists If you click NO you will come back to Mynewsdesk.com Katy Jenkins, Associate Professor of International Development and Co-Director of the Centre for International Development at Northumbria University, writes in Discover Society about her sociological photography project but we never put forward an alternative or positive proposal.” This was how one woman explained her motivation to take part in my participatory photography project which explores women anti-mining activists’ conceptions of ‘Development’ in the context of living with proposed and actual large-scale resource extraction involves working with a group of 12 women from Cajamarca enabling them to use photography to reflect on and capture their own ways of thinking about Development and in particular to think through alternative visions of Development that challenge the dominant Peruvian national narrative of extractive-led Development Peruvian Minas Buenaventura and the World Bank’s International Financial Corporation It has operated in the region of Cajamarca since 1993 there has been widespread and growing concern about the mine’s operation and especially in relation water quality and quantity The city of Cajamarca has become an emblematic site in relation to socio-environmental conflicts around mining when a truck contracted by the mine spilt significant quantities of mercury along a stretch of road in and around community of Choropampa with devastating health and environmental impacts protests erupted in opposition to the company’s proposed Cerro Quilish expansion which sought to develop the Quilish mountain which is considered a sacred place by local people has a fragile ecosystem and is situated at the head of the watershed The strength of community opposition and public opinion eventually forced the Minera Yanacocha company to withdraw from the Quilish concession but only after violent confrontations between protestors and the police Cajamarca has been in the spotlight for vehement and prolonged opposition to the proposed Minas Conga project a proposed multi-billion dollar expansion to Yanacocha’s existing project Community opposition in both Cajamarca city and the wider region of Cajamarca culminated in protests during 2011 and 2012 and eventually leading to the indefinite suspension of the project there are ongoing tensions around actual and proposed extractive activities personified in the now iconic figure of Máxima Acuña Chaupe – winner of the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize – and her battle against Newmont Mining Corporation Activist organisations continue to fiercely resist Conga and other possible new mining developments as well as opposing the broader development model associated with this sort of large-scale resource extraction The region of Cajamarca has thus become internationally renowned for its opposition to large-scale mining and there has been a steady stream of journalists supporting the Cajamarquinos in their struggle and sharing it with the world Whilst this has given international prominence to Cajamarca’s struggles such as the women those involved in this particular project do feel quite thoroughly ‘researched’ and tend to have a well-rehearsed ‘script’ in relation to recounting their involvement in the conflict The women activists embraced this project as an opportunity to construct and disseminate their own narratives and to create a set of resources to enable them to actively communicate their ideas and perspectives in a distinctive way Participatory photography provides a tool with which to achieve this facilitating a move away from more traditional interviewer/interviewee power dynamics and allowing participants to set the agenda and foreground the topics they deem important a group of women drawn from three women’s organisations (two from Cajamarca city and one from Celendin (a small town close to the proposed Conga development)) took part in a series of workshops and activities aimed at capturing their distinct approaches to contesting mining developments using the medium of participatory photography reflecting on three themes they chose to work on – ‘alternatives to resource extraction’ These were themes that the women themselves thought it important to explore and that reflected discussions about the meaning of ‘Development’ from the initial participatory workshop Drawing on their own lives and experiences vibrant and rich perspective on the region of Cajamarca and their hopes for its future Participatory photography is often used with marginalised and disadvantaged groups and provides an opportunity for alternative voices and perspectives to come to the fore Many of the women participants in this project had never used a camera before the most important aspect of the project is the opportunity to exhibit their work in the main plaza in Cajamarca city enabling them and their ideas to occupy and claim (increasingly restricted) civic space and to showcase their newly acquired skills their creativity and visions for the future and organisations involved in contesting mining This exhibition is planned for International Women’s Day The women’s photos reflect the importance they place on a more people-centred a strong contrast with the highly industrialised and mechanised forms of mining that they experience in their region A sense of hope permeates the women’s images foregrounding that which they value as distinctive and meaningful historically and naturally rich region with an abundance of resources and opportunities Such images and perspectives stand in stark contrast to the devastation and destruction wrought by large scale mining in the region In choosing not to focus on this aspect of mining the project aimed to open up spaces of possibility rather than capturing the already well-documented and extensive negative impacts of mining – which might also have placed the women activists in difficult or dangerous situations The women’s own subjectivities and positionalities as anti-mining activists have been central in the types of image they have generated this is an integral expectation of participant photography; there is no expectation of aspects characteristic of much of the campaigning narratives of the broader anti-mining movement are central to the visions put forward in the women’s photos exemplifying a threatened rural way of life were recurring themes that appeared in all twelve women’s photos despite most of the women currently living in the city Many of the women had grown up in rural communities and some self-identified as indigenous women (still relatively uncommon in much of Peru due to the continuing legacy of severe discrimination against indigenous peoples) Many women had purposely sought out images of rurality and and used these images to emphasise the opportunities they felt small-scale agriculture presented for an alternative model of Development It should be recognised that there is an element of rose-tinted spectacles to these sorts of images they portray an idealised vision of rural life and for the most part do not capture poverty and inequality within their purview they do reflect on ideas around sustainability attesting to the women’s belief that Development should not be something imposed from outside but should emerge from within a community and a particular context The women’s desire to portray themselves and other women as active agents of change within their communities is also evident in many of their photos Their images capture examples of women as micro-entrepreneurs; reflect on opportunities for the diversification of women’s livelihoods (including herbal remedies soap production); and show women in myriad roles They portray women as integral to the functioning and survival of communities and families self-motivated and hard-working individuals having come to the end of the active photography phase of the project I conducted interviews with the women about the photographs they have taken – giving them an opportunity to reflect upon what photos they took and why and also what photos they chose not to take as well as narratives and poems written by the women about some of their photos and will provide a deeper insight into the women’s stances prior to the final exhibition of a selection of the women’s images and narratives in spring 2018 Katy Jenkins is Associate Professor of International Development and Co-Director of the Centre for International Development in the Department of Social Sciences Katy’s research focuses on women’s activism and community organising in Latin America and she is currently involved in several projects exploring women’s resistance to large scale resource extraction Northumbria is a research-rich, business-focused, professional university with a global reputation for academic excellence. To find out more about our courses go to www.northumbria.ac.uk If you have a media enquiry please contact our Media and Communications team at media.communications@northumbria.ac.uk or call 0191 227 4604 A team of Northumbria University academics are presenting the findings from a joint initiative with the Swedish Red Cross at a global conference in Stockholm Northumbria University’s Matt Baillie Smith is appearing at AidEx in Brussels this week to present the latest findings of his project with the Swedish Red Cross International Development academic Dr Oliver Hensengerth has been shortlisted for the 2017 Newton Prize for his study of flood management in Vietnam Research by a Northumbria University academic is helping an influential Norwegian Parliamentary Commission investigate and improve international maritime safety laws Germany and France have visited Northumbria University to discuss their consular and cultural diplomacy initiatives and how they can support international students Senior Lecturer in Languages and Linguistics at Northumbria University discusses different perspectives of time for The Conversation The experiences of young people growing up amid conflict and crisis will be explored during a new project between Northumbria University in Newcastle and An-Najah University in the Occupied Palestine Territories Vice Chancellor's Research Fellow in Global Challenges at Northumbria University discusses how refugees can bring huge benefits to cities around the world International development experts from across the world gathered in Newcastle upon Tyne this week for the fourth annual Global Challenges Summit Associate Professor in Architecture and Built Environment discusses affordable housing for The Conversation discusses the power of Lego for The Conversation A festival for crime fiction writers and readers offers its audience a rare insight into the fascinating world of real-life criminal investigation The role and impact of volunteering on the lives of young African refugees will be explored over the next two years as part of a major project led by Professor Matt Baillie Smith of Northumbria University A Northumbria academic is helping celebrate International Women’s Day with a unique photography exhibition in Peru Druids and the surprisingly modern origins of myths for The Conversation Lecturer in Romantic and Victorian Literature at Northumbria University discusses #MeToo Sleeping Beauty and the often controversial history of fairy tales for The Conversation Northumbria University is a research-intensive university that unlocks potential for all When you choose to create a user account and follow a newsroom your personal data will be used by us and the owner of the newsroom for you to receive news and updates according to your subscription settings To learn more about this, please read our Privacy Policy, which applies to our use of your personal data, and our Privacy Policy for Contacts which applies to the use of your personal data by the owner of the newsroom you follow Please note that our Terms of Use apply to all use of our services You can withdraw your consent at any time by unsubscribing or deleting your account Even before George Herbert Walker Bush’s cadaver was cold last Nov as accolades came heaping upon the one-term president (1989-1993) The dictum “Do not speak ill of the dead,” attributed to the 6th century BCE philosopher Chilon of Sparta may be appropriate at your uncle’s funeral If this one-sided idolatry was true of the recently departed Sen The tributes were so over-the-top you’d think a burning bush Those who would admonish critics to hold their tongues and refrain from voicing a counter-narrative until after the propagandistic pageantry had unfolded remind me of those NRA shills who chide gun control advocates from speaking out while victims of the latest mass shooting outrage are being mourned what these minders are really saying is: “Wait until the media limelight and public awareness are no longer focused on this issue/politician so that when you do finally speak out few if anybody will still be interested.” Given the attention span of what Gore Vidal dubbed “the United States of Amnesia,” this admonition guarantees that dissenting points of view go straight down the memory hole the reels kept rolling along during the ceremonies’ endless televised coverage repeating the same things at different venues whether you wanted to watch or not How many times can you play “Hail to the Chief?” Move a body from here to there Applaud Shrub for becoming the “patriarch of the family” Leni Riefenstahl would have felt upstaged by all the agitprop presented as “reportage.”The mainstream media’s non-stop hagiography of the 41st president suggested those lines from “Home On the Range”: “Where seldom is heard a discouraging word….” To paraphrase Mark Antony in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar “They came to praise George H.W.—not to bury him.” Now that a “decent interval” of about a month has passed to quote that world-famous philosopher Joan Rivers There was nary if any mention of Bush Sr.’s reign at the CIA (when anti-Pinochet Chilean diplomat Orlando Letelier was car bombed in Washington) and H.W.’s involvement in: The Iran-Contra scandal and his subsequent pardons; demagogic Willy Horton and “revolving door” furlough campaign ads; the Panama invasion; April Gillespie and the Iraq invasion; his father’s alleged dealings with the Nazis; his son Neil’s role in the S&L scandal; George W.’s alleged evasion of Vietnam 5 the casket was lifted off the black-shrouded bier that had carried Abraham Lincoln and driven from the U.S Capitol to the Washington National Cathedral Bush went merely from lying for the state to lying in state Mysterious island: Bush and the assassination of a president was the then-vice president’s role in the assassination of Haruo Remeliik I lived in this Western Pacific island nation from 1984-86 and was an eyewitness reporting for international and regional news agencies was directly implicated in rubbing Remeliik out But as the only foreign full-time newsman then residing in Palau as an objective observer I was struck by a singular salient fact: Regarding Palau’s presidents’ murders Bush’s involvement in Micronesia dates back to WWII’s Pacific Theater campaign fighter pilot Bush’s plane sank a Japanese trawler at Kayangel Atoll the northernmost tip of what is now the Republic of Palau according to a 1993 Harper’s Magazine cover story when Harper’s Mark Hertsgaard asked Bush’s Houston office if Bush had committed this war crime (The Kayangel story was suppressed until after the 1992 election although much was made of Clinton’s Vietnam-era draft record Attorney General Ramsey Clark and journalists Seymour Hersh for allegedly committing similar war crimes in 1991 along the so-called “Highway of Death,” which linked Kuwait and Iraq.) the Battle of Peleliu raged in southern Palau one of the bloodiest conflicts during WWII’s island-hopping campaign costing the Marines and Navy 6,526 casualties Navy pilot Bush had impressed upon him the strategic importance and value of this island chain that stretches across vital Australia/Japan/Indonesia shipping lanes in the southwestern Pacific Bush’s mysterious connections to Palau would continue while he was CIA Director Washington administered the far-flung archipelago as part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1947 to the 1990s America agreed to a sacred trust: to develop Micronesia so it could eventually exercise a legitimate act of self-determination via plebiscite with voters freely deciding the islands’ future political status Washington recognized the military value of this three million-square-mile area stretching between Hawaii and the Philippines (with Palau as its southwestern tier) and it became the sole Strategic Trust of the 11 UN trusteeships the Defense Department used the Marshall Islands as a nuclear test site from 1946-58 a supermajority of Palauans passed a nuclear-free constitution this clashed with Pentagon policy to neither confirm nor deny that its crafts are nuclear powered or armed forward bases from the Philippines to Micronesia The conflict came to a head while Bush Sr. was CIA director and in the Executive Branch According to Bob Woodward in The Washington Post CIA chief Bush presided over illegal bugging of Micronesian political status negotiations in the 1970s carried out by longtime Bush ally Brent Scowcroft and aimed at “exerting covert influence on key elements of the Micronesian independence movement.” While vice president a fellow ex-Pacific fighter pilot and Texas businessman appointed as the president’s personal representative for Micronesian status negotiations in 1982 Zeder had been admitted to the Young Presidents’ Organization in 1960 at the University of Michigan While chairman and CEO of the diversified manufacturing company Hydrometals Corporation Zeder moved the firm from New York to Dallas in the early 1960s Zeder was elected to the City Council in Dallas in 1971 and also served on the Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport Board His business interest in the Pacific Islands is evinced by the fact that he was chairman of the board of Paradise Cruise Corporation in Hawaii from 1978 to his death in 2004 Zeder played a key role in bankrupting tiny Palau by supporting IPSECO an apparent covert action in the guise of a power plant with generators and a fuel farm far too big for Palau’s tiny population but large enough to provide power and fuel for future possible U.S The only way the emerging nation could pay off its enormous energy-related debt was by approving a treaty called the Compact of Free Association The accord would nullify Palau’s anti-nuclear constitution Much was made about “regime change” in Iraq because of Saddam’s purported WMDs by Pres But scant attention has been paid to the tragic tale of regime change in a Pacific Island of 15,000 indigenous people who dared oppose U.S Bush may have ballyhooed “spreading democracy,” but while Bush Sr Palauans were compelled to vote about 15 times in around as many years on self-rule and their nuclear free status but their vote didn’t count unless it favored U.S Palauans had to keep casting their ballots until Washington attained its desired result: Rescinding the Palau constitution’s anti-nuclear clauses which reopened the then deadlocked treaty negotiations Bush personally flew to Saipan in the Northern Marianas located north of Palau and where the Trust Territory administration was headquartered anti-nuclear activists defeated the treaty in a tribunal where Palau’s High Court ruled a 75 percent vote favoring a proposed Compact of Free Association was required in order to override the small nation’s anti-nuclear laws terrorists firebombed and shot Pacific pacifists Congressional General Accounting Office investigation found a $2 million U.S.-derived slush fund financed political violence Although this was officially declared a suicide the elimination of Salii—who was unable to pass the Compact—untied the Gordian knot that led to the elimination of Palau’s nuclear bans officials during the Reagan-Bush era with links to Palau include: Secretary of State George Shultz who secured Palauan beachheads as a Marine sergeant during WWII Shultz returned to Palau in 1986 during the Compact re-negotiation process Admiral William Crowe surveyed land in Palau for U.S bases and became CINCPAC Commander and Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman 1985-89 who’d arranged the Kissinger-ordered surveillance of Micronesian status negotiations Paris was Washington’s colonial partner in Oceania became France’s South Pacific nuclear testing site for atmospheric and underwater N-blasts a militant leader of the Kanak indigenous people fighting for independence from France shortly after he’d returned from meeting anti-nuke activists in Auckland Tahitian activist Charlie Ching was arrested walking to a pro-independence the first president of the world’s first national nuclear-free zone was gunned down in Palau French General Directorate for External Security (DGSE) secret agents bombed the Rainbow Warrior vessel in nuclear-free New Zealand as Greenpeace prepared to protest France’s nuclear testing near Tahiti The DGSE saboteurs of the Rainbow Warrior were captured and convicted; the implicated chiefs of France’s military and intelligence services resigned The above appear to be part of a coordinated counterinsurgency program to defeat the nuclear-free and independent Pacific movement French state terrorism was indisputably responsible for bombing the Greenpeace ship Is it farfetched to think the assassination of Palau’s presidents and reign of terror were American state terrorism “The fish stinks from the head down.” The Pentagon had motive: relocating bases from the Philippines (closed after Marcos’s overthrow) to Palau But the world’s first nuclear-free constitution thwarted this aspiration see who benefits from it: The IPSECO debt and political violence finally wore Palauans down and in the 1990s their anti-nuclear framework of rules lost at the polls The story of Palau is a case study full of irony in U.S the beaten-into-submission islands joined the so-called “coalition of the willing.” Palau is one of the few General Assembly members to vote with Washington on unpopular UN matters Bush 43 claimed he invaded Iraq and imposed regime change because of its purported WMDs regime change happened in anti-nuclear Palau because it refused to allow WMDs (that actually existed) to transit through its territory The second Bush administration cited Iraqi ties to Al-Qaeda and international terrorism as another (subsequently debunked) rationale for war but when tiny Palau dared resist Washington’s will a real reign of terror was unleashed that included the gunshot deaths of its first two elected presidents Although Bush II purported that spreading democracy was another reason for invading Iraq Palauans were forced to keep going to the voting booths until the outcome of a vote was finally deemed acceptable to the White House If the mainstream media spent one percent of the time investigating Bush Sr.’s ties to the covert actions in Palau as they did extolling his virtues during their funeral coverage Instead of lifting up and worshipping a golden calf the press should mobilize at least some resources to look behind the curtain at the real record of George H.W he played in whacking the president of nuclear-free Palau and in subsequent events in the remote isles of Micronesia See also Ed Rampell’s earlier review of this history here Ed Rampell covered Palau during Bush’s vice presidency for AP He initiated and was the investigative reporter for ABC News’ 20/20 segment “The Puzzle of Palau,” which aired in July 1987 and proved that three young men related to the opposition leader convicted of assassinating President Remeliik were framed political prisoners Within two weeks of the Barbara Walters-introduced report they were fully exonerated of the murder by Palau’s Supreme Court Rampell went on to file for the Australian Broadcasting Corp.’s “Background Briefing” a two-part exposé that directly resulted in the conviction of Palau’s pro-Washington Minister of State for soliciting the homicide of President Remeliik Ed Rampell is an LA-based film historian and critic author of "Progressive Hollywood: A People’s Film History of the United States," and co-author of "The Hawaii Movie and Television Book." 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