Metrics details Insecticide resistance is a serious problem for vector control programmes worldwide Resistance is commonly attributed to mutations at the insecticide’s target site or increased activity of detoxification enzymes We determined the knockdown concentration (KC50) and lethal concentration (LC50) of deltamethrin in six natural populations of adult Aedes aegypti from southeastern Mexico These populations were then selected over five generations using the LC50 from the preceding generation that underwent selection and the heritability of deltamethrin resistance was quantified we also determined the frequency of the kdr alleles L410 and the levels of activity of three enzyme families (α- and β-esterases mixed-function oxidases and glutathione S-transferases (GST)) associated with insecticide detoxification There was an increase in KC50 and LC50 values in the subsequent generations of selection with deltamethrin (FS5vs FS0) we detected increases in LC50 ranging from 1.5 to 5.6 times the values of the parental generation and in KC50 ranging from 1.3–3.8 times the values of the parental generation Triple homozygous mutant individuals (tri-locus LL/II/CC) were present in the parental generations and increased in frequency after selection The frequency of L410 increased from 1.18-fold to 2.63-fold after selection with deltamethrin (FS5vs FS0) in the populations analyzed; for I1016 an increase between 1.19-fold to 2.79-fold was observed and C1534 was fixed in all populations after deltamethrin selection Enzymatic activity varied significantly over the generations of selection only α- esterase activity remained elevated in multiple populations after five generations of deltamethrin selection We observed an increase in the mean activity levels of GSTs in two of the six populations analyzed The high levels of resistance and their association with high frequencies of kdr mutations (V410L V1016I and F1534C) obtained through artificial selection suggest an important role of these mutations in conferring resistance to deltamethrin We highlight the need to implement strategies that involve the monitoring of kdr frequencies in insecticide resistance monitoring and management programmes Given the background levels of pyrethroid and DDT resistance in many parts of Mexico the extent to which ongoing insecticide pressure selects for specific mechanisms of resistance is not well understood To better understand how insecticide exposure selects for resistance we evaluate the effect of laboratory selection with deltamethrin on the underlying resistance mechanisms in populations of Ae Collection sites of Aedes aegypti from Veracruz and Yucatan states from Mexico The biological material obtained from the field was reared under insectary conditions at 26 ± 2 °C and 70–80% relative humidity with a 12h:12h (light:dark) photoperiod The adults obtained from field-collected material were allowed to intermate and the eggs resulting were designated FS0 (without previous selection) The New Orleans strain (NO) was used as a susceptible reference in the study this strain was originally obtained from the CDC (Atlanta Each bioassay consisted of bottles containing different concentrations of deltamethrin resulting in mortalities between 9–90% with at least three replicates for each concentration The numbers of knocked-down mosquitoes were recorded at 1 h all mosquitoes were gently transferred to a recovery container without insecticide and were offered a cotton ball soaked in a sugar solution Both the bottles and recovery containers were kept at 24 ± 2 °C and 70% RH The selection was carried out exposing 650–1000 FS1 males and females (1:4) for 1 h to the LC50 obtained for the previous generation (FS0) by the method described above The survivors at 24 h were transferred to mosquito cages for breeding the subsequent generation (FS2) The dose response parameters were calculated again for the FS1 cohort and were used to select the next generation (FS2) This procedure was repeated for each generation of selection until FS5 The New Orleans strain was tested at the same time as the FS0 and was not tested in each generation of selection KC50 and LC50 values were compared between generations to monitor changes in resistance The KC50 and LC50 values were considered significantly different if their 95% confidence intervals did not overlap A low h2 predicts no additive genetic variance for a trait and a poor or very slow response to artificial selection while a high h2 predicts a large additive genetic variance at one or a few loci that govern a trait and predicts a rapid response to artificial selection and the DNA pellet was resuspended in 30 μl of ultrapure molecular grade water (Corning CellgroTM The quantity and quality of DNA were determined using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific a master mix was prepared as follows: 12.50 μl of GoTaq (Promega USA) was mixed with 11.35 μl of nuclease-free H2O (NFW The master mix (24 μl) was then placed in 0.2 ml stoppered tubes followed by 1 μl of mosquito genomic DNA (~25 ng) The tubes were centrifuged for 1 min at 3300× rpm then placed in a T100 thermocycler (Bio-Rad) with the following temperature program: 3 min at 95 °C; 30 cycles of 1 min at 95 °C 20 s at 56 °C and 20 s at 72 °C; followed by 5 min at 72 °C DNA from the New Orleans susceptible strain was used as a negative control for the kdr assays and previously genotyped individuals were used as positive controls V1016I and F1534C assays were visualized on 2.5% To measure the activity levels of α- and β-esterases 100 μl of either α- or β-naphthyl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich MO,USA) dissolved in acetone (CTR Scientific pH 7.2) was added to each well and incubated for 20 min at room temperature 100 μl of fast blue (tetrazotized O-dianisidine (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in distilled water) was added to each well and the microplates incubated for another 4 min before absorbance was read at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer (ASYS Hitech GmbH 200 μl of TMBZ (3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-benzidine dihydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) previously dissolved in methanol (Jalmek Mexico) and 0.25 M sodium acetate buffer pH 5.0) were added to each well Subsequently 25 μl of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Jalmek) was added to each well After 10 min of incubation at room temperature the microplate was read at a wavelength of 620 nm 100 μl of reduced glutathione (GSH; Sigma-Aldrich) and 100 μl 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB; Sigma-Aldrich) previously diluted in acetone and KPO4 buffer were added to each well Absorbance was read at 340 nm immediately (T0) and after 10 min of incubation (T10) The values obtained after subtracting the initial reading (T0) from the reading at 10 min (T10) were used for the statistical analyses Positive and negative controls were included for MFOs and esterases The same volume of homogenate which was used in the respective assays was used in running the controls α- and β -naphthyl acetate solution was used as positive controls Germany) solution was the positive control for the MFO assay KPO4 buffer was used as a negative control for each biochemical assay The calibration curves were generated using control solutions for each enzyme family α- or β-naphthol (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for α-esterases and β-esterases with a concentration range of 0.3 to 5 μg/μl and 0.5 to 4 μg/μl Cytochrome C concentrations from 0.002 to 0.65 μg/μl were used for MFOs and 0.1 to 6.5 μg/μl BSA solutions were used for total protein determination The mean activity values underwent an analysis of variance (ANOVA, P < 0.05) and Tukey’s multiple comparison of means (P < 0.05). Normality of the variance was verified by the Bartlett test. Statistical analyses were carried out with GraphPad Prism v.7 (GraphPad Software, Inc, Version 6.01, La Jolla, CA, USA; https://www.graphpad.com) Activity levels for all enzymes were determined in the parental population and in each deltamethrin-selected generation (FS0–FS5) the LC50 values and mean enzyme activity values of the parental generation and each selected generation (FS1–FS5) underwent linear regression analysis Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the degree of association between the two variables When comparing the LC50 values obtained from the parental generations to the NO strain, five of the populations (Merida, Progreso, Hoctun, Agua Dulce and Jose Cardel) were highly resistant to deltamethrin with an RRLC50 of 18–134-fold, and only one population (Hunucma) showed moderate resistance (RRLC50 of 6-fold) (Table 3). a Knockdown concentrations values (KC50) as response to the selection with deltamethrin b Lethal concentrations values (LC50) as response to the selection with deltamethrin in six populations of Aedes aegypti through five generations With respect to knockdown in the parental generation, RRKC50 was high in two populations, Merida with RRKC50 of 20-fold and Jose Cardel with RRKC50 of 14-fold. Three populations (Hoctun, Progreso and Agua Dulce) showed moderate resistance with RRKC50 ranging between 5–9-fold, and one population (Hunucma) had a low RRKC50 of 3-fold (Table 2) When comparing the LC50 and KC50 values for the last deltamethrin-selected generation (FS5) vs the parental generation (FS0), we observed an increase of ~1.5–5.5 times for LC50 and ~1.4–2.7 times for KC50 in all populations (Fig. 2) The knockdown resistance ratio (RRKC50) value increased from 20-fold to 38-fold from FS0-FS5 in the Merida population and slight increases were observed in the Agua Dulce and Jose Cardel populations with 9–12-fold and 14–22-fold differences Lethal concentrations also increased between FS0 and FS5 with the RRLC50 increasing in the Hunucma populations from 6-fold to 34-fold doubling in the Agua Dulce and Progreso populations (25–49-fold and 18–36-fold respectively) and with lower increases detected in the Merida Hoctun and Jose Cardel populations (134–197-fold When analyzing the relative increases in RRKC50 and RRLC50 during the selection the Hunucma population showed the highest single-generation increase (> 0.3-fold) from FS1vs FS2 for KC50; Hunucma showed also the highest increase in RRLC50 (2.83) in the first selected generation relative to the parental generation (FS1vs FS0) Tables 6, 7, 8 summarize the frequency of L410 I1016 and C1534 alleles across all populations and generations (FS0–FS5) The three kdr mutations were present in all the parental populations with frequencies ranging between 0.36–078 for the L410 allele and 0.34–0.77 for I1016 All populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the parental generation (FS0) with the exception of Jose Cardel for the mutation F1534C Frequencies of the tri-locus genotypes in the parental generation (FS0) of each population of Aedes aegypti. Genotypes order: 410/1016/1534 Frequencies of the resistant trilocus genotype LL410/II1,016/CC1,534 across selection with deltamethrin (FS0-FS1) from six populations of Aedes aegypti from Mexico the triple heterozygous genotype (VL410/VI1016/FC1534) was only found in the populations of Hunucma in which the triple wild-type genotype (VV410/VI1016/FC1534) was also found the frequencies of the three kdr alleles increased over the selected generations The frequencies of L410 from the parental generation to the last selected generation increased from 0.78 to 0.92 in the Merida population 0.55 to 0.98 in Agua Dulce and 0.66 to 0.80 in Jose Cardel increases of 0.77–0.92 were observed in the Merida population 0.56–0.96 in Agua Dulce and 0.63–0.92 in Jose Cardel The frequencies of the C1534 allele increased from 0.59 to 1 in the Hoctun population 0.89 to 1 in Jose Cardel and 0.97 to 1 in Progreso; the C1534 allele was fixed at 1.0 in the Merida and Agua Dulce populations in all generations This allele reached fixation after the first selection with deltamethrin (FS1) in the population from Progreso and Jose Cardel in the third selected generation for Hoctun and in the fourth selected generation for Hunucma Allele frequencies of L410 (a), I1016 (b) and C1534 (c) and their maximum and minimum frequencies in six Aedes aegypti populations across selection with deltamethrin (FS0-FS5) Regression analysis of allele frequencies of two para mutations: I1016 vs L410 across the selection with deltamethrin (FS0-FS5) in Aedes aegypti from Merida (a), Hunucma (b), Hoctun (c), Agua dulce (d) Regression analysis of allele frequencies of C1534 vs I016 (a c) across the selection with deltamethrin (FS0-FS5) in Aedes aegypti from Hunucma and Hoctun The frequency of the mutant alleles for each mutation was correlated with the KC50 and LC50 values across the generations of selection (Table 9) KC50 values were significantly correlated with L410 frequencies in the Merida and Hoctun populations (P < 0.05); and with the frequencies of I1016 in the Merida the frequencies of L410 and I1016 were significantly correlated with LC50 values in the Merida and Hunucma populations as well as C1534 correlated with LC50 values in Hunucma and Jose Cardel (P < 0.05) The presence and frequency of triple homozygous mutant individuals showed a significant correlation with KC50 only in the Merida population and LC50 in the Hunucma population (P < 0.05) Table 10 shows the mean enzyme activity levels detected in the biochemical assays in the parental generation and all deltamethrin-selected generations where at least 30 individuals per population were analyzed When comparing values from the parental generations with the 99th percentile of the New Orleans reference strain five of the six populations analyzed (Merida Jose Cardel and Agua Dulce) showed altered enzyme activity for α-esterases (˃ 50% of the individuals exceeded the threshold of resistance) and Hoctun showed incipient altered enzyme activity (39% of the individuals exceeded the threshold) Agua Dulce and Jose Cardel showed altered enzyme activity for β-esterases (˃ 50%) Hunucma and Hoctun showed incipient enzyme alteration with percentages ranging between 16–43% Altered activity of MFOs was detected in Progreso Agua Dulce and José Cardel in 69–95% of the specimens analyzed Only the Agua Dulce population showed altered enzyme activity for GSTs (71%) in the parental generation GSTs were the only enzyme family for which a significant correlation was detected between level of activity and LC50 values five of the populations analyzed were found to be highly resistant to the pyrethroid deltamethrin in the parental generation according to the LC50 (RRLC50 > 10-fold) and only one population showed moderate resistance (RRCL50 5–10-fold) high RRKC50 values were detected in two populations These results suggest that deltamethrin resistance is well-established in these populations who reported increased levels of MFOs in response to deltamethrin selection we found that MFO activity decreased with successive selection Given that the frequencies of the kdr mutations increased significantly with deltamethrin selection the rapid selection of these mutations could have conditioned the activity of the enzymes in relation to deltamethrin resistance One criticism in our methodology is that we compare the enzymatic activity of each generation of deltamethrin in each of the populations with respect to the enzymatic activity of the susceptible New Orleans strain when the most appropriate comparison should be with respect to the same population where the significant participation of an esterase marker discovered by QTL and its relationship to resistance development in conjunction with mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel was demonstrated as for this mechanism to be in itself the one that confers insecticide resistance is questionable since other mechanisms were described for these populations All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the published article Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: important mosquito vectors of human diseases Seasonal temperature variation influences climate suitability for dengue Widespread insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti L Contemporary status of insecticide resistance in the major Aedes vectors of arboviruses infecting humans Pyrethroid resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Southeast Asia: present situation and prospects for management A reassessment of the neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides DOF (Diario Oficial de la Federacion). 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quantitative trait locus determining resistance to the organophosphate temephos in the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti Quantitative trait loci mapping of genome regions controlling permethrin resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypti Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Linn.) from dengue endemic districts of sub-Himalayan West Bengal Enzymatic and molecular characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in field populations of Aedes aegypti from Selangor The cytochrome P450 gene CYP6P12 confers pyrethroid resistance in kdr-free Malaysian populations of the dengue vector Aedes albopictus Download references We would like to thank Kevin Ontiveros-Zapata (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Mexico) for processing mosquitoes in the laboratory The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention This study was financially supported by CONACYT Mexico through the fund Problemas Nacionales Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias AEF conceived the study and obtained funding PMS and GPG carried out collections of the populations included in the study All authors read and approved the final manuscript The authors declare that they have no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04093-3 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article .st1{fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#2a2a2a} Jose Maria Barril returns to the Islanders for his third season after joining the team on a transfer from Real Madrid in 2014 2015 (City Islanders): Barril led the team in assists with seven The midfielder made 27 appearances for the club and recorded three goals off of eight shots 2014 (City Islanders): In his first season with the club Barril appeared in 21 matches and scored two goals while notching one assist spending over 14 years at their prestigious academy participating in both reserve and first team matches Cardel Benbow’s returns for his second season with the Islanders after a successful rookie campaign in 2015 Benbow scored two goals and had two assists while playing a total of 936 minutes midfielder from Jamaica played three seasons for St Georges College where he helped the team to a double championship winning both the Manning Cup and Olivier Shield in 2012 He then started his club career with Waterhouse F.C competing in the Jamaican National Premier League Benbow has made a total of ten appearances for the Jamaican National Team in both Senior and Youth competitions In 2014 he went 90 minutes on his debut vs MLS club DC United in the CONCACAF Champions League Cardel represented the Jamaica U-21 Team at the CAC games in Veracruz Mexico in 2014 scoring his first international goal against Honduras Benbow made his senior international debut with the Reggae Boyz in October 2014 vs Cardel represented his home nation at the U20 CONCACAF Championship held in Kingston Mathew Bolduc will be playing his first season with the Islanders in 2016 At the University of Massachusetts in 2013 Bolduc started 12 out of the 16 matches during regular season While playing he had a total of 18 shots seven of which were on goal Bolduc was a four-year letter winner at The Winchendon School and at The Dublin School During his junior and senior season he scored 36 goals He was then named All-New England by the Boston Globe in 2011 and 2012 while earning NEPSAC All-Star honors as well Throughout his entire high school career he scored 48 goals and 38 assists during regular season play joins the Islanders this year following a season with the New York Cosmos in 2015 Broome was selected in the 3rd Round of the 2015 MLS SuperDraft by the San Jose Earthquakes but was ultimately not signed Broome signed with NASL club New York Cosmos That same season he played every minute of every game for the Providence Friars securing a 2–1 win over Xavier in the Big East title game and subsequent NCAA triumphs over Dartmouth Campbell joins the Islanders for his rookie season following a collegiate stint at Penn State University and University of Louisville Campbell recorded his first career goal in victory over West Virginia as a sophomore in 2013 He was part of defense’s 275-minute shutout streak over four matches in 2013 and also scored in 2-1 win over Penn as a sophomore Shane transferred to the University of Louisville where he started in 11 matches and appeared in 18 matches during first season with the Cardinals He scored one goal and one assist during the season In high school he was named first team All-State in 2011 at Dallastown Area HS He also was a three- time YAIAA All-County Selection Additionally he was a member of Philadelphia Union U-17/U-18 Academy for two season He scored the game-winning goal in U-19 youth national championship game for Lehigh valley in the summer of 2016 Mouhamed Dabo makes his USL debut with the Islanders following stint with Inter Milan Dabo was on trail with Arsenal for two months before he was offered a contract to Inter Milan B team when he was 16 years old He went on to play for the inter Milan B team for three years He was a member of the Inter B team that won the Italian youth cup and spent most of his time there training with the first team Dabo made five appearances for the Senegal U-17 national team After suffering a season-ending injury in 2015 Danny DiPrima will return for his third season with the Islanders in 2016 2015 (City Islanders): DiPrima scored one goal and played a total of 881 minutes before suffering a season-ending knee injury 2014 (City Islanders): Danny helped lead the Islanders to the USL Championship Final tallying 465 minutes on the pitch and netting one goal and one assist John’s University before transferring to NC State University During his three seasons with the Wolfpack netting four goals and dishing out five assists DiPrima had an outstanding youth career with Northern High School and the City Islanders Youth Academy Danny was a four-year varsity starter and earned First-Team All-Conference honors as a junior and senior He was also voted Conference Player of the Year as a junior DiPrima captained the Polar Bears during both his junior and senior seasons 2016 MLS SuperDraft pick and Ohio State alumni joins the City Islanders for the 2016 season 2015 was a big year for Doyle at Ohio State Univeristy During the season he was named Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year Preseason All-American by CollegeSoccerNews he was third on the team with a total of 2 goals and 6 assists as well as starting every game During the 2014 season with Ohio State he was named 2014 First Team All-Big Ten selection and second team NSCAA All-Midwest He started all 22 games and had 5 goals and 2 assists for the season he collected 13 goals and 13 assists where he was named MVP and Athlete of the Year as well as additional NCSCAA and NJCAA awards His first season with Cincinnati State he scored 8 goals and had 10 assists Darvin will make his debut appearance for the City Islanders this 2016 season Ebanks attended Mount de Sales High School where he was a 5-star recruit by Top Drawer Soccer and also the second best player in the South Atlantic Region according to Top Drawer Soccer he attended University of North Carolina where he had a redshirt season In 2015 he joined the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) where he played in the South Region division for Georgia Revolution Craig Foster returns for his second season with the Islanders in 2016 after join the squad midway through the season and helping lead the team with 8 goals and two assists 2015 (City Islanders) Foster exceeded expectations last season and helped lead the team with 8 goals throughout the season and two assists Foster scored 15 league goals for Reno FC and voted Jamaica Premier League Player of the Year in 2010/11 He spent the following two season on loan with Swedish club Motala AIF where he scored 11 goals in 23 league appearances Craig was named league MVP and also won the Golden Boot with 20 league goals in the Jamaica Premier League in the 2014/15 season The 23-year-old striker went on to become a crucial member of the Jamaican National Team that competed at the 2011 CONCACAF U20 Championship held in Guatemala Foster earned his first senior call-up in 2014 and was selected in the Jamaican squad that won the Caribbean Cup in 2014 Chris Hill makes his USL debut with the Islanders following a successful collegiate career at Villanova University Hill appeared in 15 matches during his first season at Villanova in 2013 season That season he led the team with three goals and three assists In the 2014 season he started all 19 games and contributed a pair of assists and had a total of three shots on goal Hill was also named to the BIG EAST All-Academic Team Hughes joins the Islanders for his rookie USL season after making his professional debut with NASL side Atlanta Silverbacks Hughes signed a professional contract with NASL side Atlanta Silverbacks 2015 in a 2–1 defeat to the Tampa Bay Rowdies Hughes spent his collegiate career at Berry College He made a total of 69 appearances for the Vikings and tallied 14 goals and six assists Hughes was picked to the Southern Athletic Association all-conference team He led Berry with nine goals and 19 points Hughes also became Berry’s first student-athlete to earn Capital One Division III Academic All-America honors He held a perfect 4.0 GPA and majored in biochemistry Brett Jankouskas returnS to the club in 2016 for his second season Jankouskas was one of the top scoring players scoring 5 goals and recording one assist for the season 2015 (City Islanders): Jankouskas was one of the top scoring players scoring 5 goals and notching one assist for the season The former Palmyra High School All-American and Pennsylvania player of the year continued his collegiate career at Syracuse University Shane Johnson returns for his third season with the Islanders Johnson first joined the club on loan from the Richmond Kickers midway through the 2014 season and returned on loan in 2015 when he became a starter for the Islanders 2015 (City Islanders): Last season Johnson appeared in 22 games while starting in 17 2014 (City Islanders): While on loan from the Kickers tallying a total of 180 minutes on the pitch before returning to Richmond 2013 (Richmond Kickers): Johnson logged 996 minutes of play in 17 matches recording a goal and an assist in the process 2012 (Richmond Kickers): Appeared in all 22 matches scoring his lone goal of the season against the City Islanders Johnson played collegiate soccer at Longwood University where he contributed to 17 shutouts in 71 appearances and two Atlantic Soccer Conference Championships The 23-year old Bermudian international is back for his sophomore season with the Isles 2015 (City Islanders): Leverock appeared in 22 games for the Islanders scoring three goals and contributing to 9 shutouts (4th in the USL) Dante spent time with the Baltimore Blast before signing with the Islanders professional team Leverock played for the City Islanders Academy under Denis Clark assistant coach for the Harrisburg City Islanders Dante has 6 caps and 1 goal since he was first brought onto the Bermudian National Team in March 2015 Leverock is currently representing Bermuda in the 2016 Caribbean Cup Qualifying Tournament The Islanders welcome Shawn McLaws after a season with the New York Red Bulls and NYRB II PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2015 (New York Red Bulls): McLaws was selected by the New York Red Bulls with the 17th pick of the third round making him 59th overall in the 2015 MLS SuperDraft As an unsigned draft pick in the preseason he participated in camps and played 58 minutes in his debut versus USL side Oklahoma City Energy FC McLaws played four seasons at Coastal Carolina University ending his collegiate career with a 73-18-3 record including three Big South regular season titles and two tournament championships McLaws was selected by the New York Red Bulls with the 17th pick of the third round making him 59th overall in the 2015 MLS SuperDraft In 2014 he was named to College Soccer News Third Team All-American NSCAA First Team All-South Atlantic Region as well as Big South Preseason Defensive Player of the Year This will be Youssef Naciri’s first season with the City Islanders Football Club Youssef Naciri attended Christian Brothers University where he played midfielder and forward on the 2013 squad During that 2013 season he scored one goal and had three assists for the team Before college he attended LAK High School The veteran goalkeeper returns to Harrisburg for his fifth season in the net for the Islanders Noble comes off of a strong 2015 season in which he made 28 appearances tallying a total of 2,475 minutes while recording 9 shutouts Noble has made 104 appearances for the Islanders Noble notched 28 appearances and nine shutouts helping him surpass his 100th career appearance with the Islanders 2014 (City Islanders): He made 26 appearances and tallied 2486 minutes on the pitch Noble helped lead his 8 seed squad to the USL Championship match against Sacramento 2013 (City Islanders): Noble's successful season moved him into the lead spot for multiple City Islanders all-time records Noble spent a portion of his career competing in the MLS and in Europe Noble was a first-round draft pick by the Chicago Fire in the 2007 MLS Supplemental Draft and debuted for the Fire during the 2008 US Open Cup After spending time with both the Chicago Fire and Austin Aztec for his first three professional seasons Noble joined Ljungskile SK in Sweden for the 2010 and 2011 seasons before he returned to the US and signing a contract with the LA Galaxy at the end of 2011 Noble is a graduate of West Virginia University where he was a four-year standout net-minder and was named the Big East Goalkeeper of the Year in 2006 Pettis returns to Harrisburg for his fourth year and is poised to produce a productive season on the pitch in 2016 Pettis dished-out one assist and scored 2 goals in 24 appearances he appeared in 23 matches for the Islanders tallying 671 minutes on the pitch while netting three goals and dishing-out two assists 2012 (City Islanders): Pettis appeared in 22 matches in his rookie campaign with the Islanders scoring three goals and notching one assist before suffering a season-ending injury that would not allow him to return to the pitch until 2014 Pettis had a standout collegiate career at Lipscomb University in Nashville He boasts the all-time goals record at Lipscomb and earned the Atlantic Sun Freshman of the Year award Pettis is a graduate of Lower Dauphin High School and was a member of the City Islanders Youth Academy Thomas joins the Islanders after spending the 2015 season with Eastern Conference rival 2015 (NYRB II): Thomas signed with the New York Red Bulls II for the 2015 season and made his debut as a starter for the team in its first ever match on March 28 He made 23 appearances for the USL club last season Thomas played all four years of college ball at Saint Johns During the 2011 season he started in all 23 matches and had one goal Thomas started in 18 of the 19 matches and was named 2nd team All-Big East a former MLS Super Draft first round pick and Mechanicsburg Area High School standout will join the Islanders’ midfield after spending the last three years in Europe as a part of several different leagues 2015 (Hønefoss): Warshaw signed with First Division side Hønefoss in August 2015 2014 (Bærum): Warshaw moved to Norwegian First Division club Bærum in August 2014 2013 (FC Dallas): Warshaw scored eight goals in nine appearances while on loan with Swedish Superettan Club Angelholms before signing a one-year contract with GAIS of the same league He went on to play 16 matches with GAIS and tallied two goals he logged 450 minutes with the FC Dallas Reserves 2012 (FC Dallas): Bobby made his debut for FC Dallas in 2012 2011 (FC Dallas): Warshaw was selected in the first round (17th overall) by FC Dallas in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft coming on as a substitute in a 0-0 draw with D.C Warshaw was named Gatorade Player of the Year twice and was named the Pennsylvania Soccer Coaches Association’s Player of the Year in 2006 He started his college soccer career at Stanford University in 2007 starting in 17 matches and scoring five goals he led Stanford to the Round of 16 in the NCAA tournament with wins over Saint Mary’s and UC Irvine in the first two rounds he was a Hermann Trophy (USA College Player of the Year) semifinalist despite being moved to defense for his final two season The midfielder debuted for the USA U-17 National Team in 2005 against Honduras He scored his first goal for the National Team in 2007 against Venezuela in the Pan-American Games held in Rio de Janeiro USA won the match 2-1 thanks to Warshaw’s game-winner Wheeler joins the club after two seasons with Major League Soccer’s Philadelphia Union and a successful 2015 campaign with the Wilmington Hammerheads fourinch forward appeared in 15 matches during the Philadelphia Union’s 2014 MLS regular season starting in eight matches for a total of 759 minutes 2015 (Wilmington Hammerheads): Appeared in 10 matches and recorded 2 goals for the USL squad 2014 (Philadelphia Union): Appeared in 15 games and started eight for a total of 759 minutes Wheeler was a regular for much of the first half of the season starting eight games in a stretch of nine from March 15 to May 3 only missing a midweek game against Real Salt Lake He was named to the MLS Team of the Week by MLSSoccer.com in Week 4 after anchoring the backline to help the Union draw with Montreal 2013 (Philadelphia Union): Wheeler appeared in 10 matches for the Union That same season he was loaned to the City Islanders for three matches where he scored two goals Wheeler played for the Reading Rage in the USL Premier Development League during his collegiate career at Lenoir-Rhyne University and Towson University He was the 2009 PDL Most Valuable Player and led the league in scoring with 17 goals He later signed with the Vancouver Whitecaps before signing with FC Tampa Bay The Islanders welcome rookie Paul Wilson to the squad for the 2016 season Wilson began his career with Portmore United FC He then went on to represent the club at the U17 He assisted in winning of multiple championships for the club The graduate of Glenmuir High School represented Jamaica on the U17 where he claimed the ‘Most Outstanding Player’ award on the Jamaica team for the 2015 CAC Games in Mexico He was also selected to participate at the Sunderland Academy in the United Kingdom Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, (updated 8/1/2024) and acknowledgement of our Privacy Policy, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (updated 1/1/2025) © 2025 Advance Local Media LLC. 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