It started in 1994 with alarming levels of lead showing up in some Monterey County kids
Lead robs the body of iron and calcium—nutrients crucial to child development
The poisoning triggers progressive neurological damage
a public health nurse in the coastal town of Seaside
noticed that most of the affected kids’ families came from Oaxaca—part of a wave of migration to Monterey County that began in the 1970s
Some health officials started thinking that Mexican immigrants were arriving in California already contaminated with lead
But Hall and Seaside clinic physician Eric Sanford thought not
since many of the poisoned kids were born here
They suspected the poison trail was less direct—and considerably more complicated
The threat was still a disturbing puzzle when UCSF epidemiologist Margaret Handley joined the hunt in 2000
she investigated state reports of chemical exposure
and later zeroed in on lead’s impact upon the reproductive health of battery plant workers
Handley launched a full-out epidemiological study
Their research soon led the team to remote Oaxacan towns
and finally to a face-to-face showdown with a small crunchy grasshopper called a chapulín
hiding out in Oaxaca’s hot summer fields
The research tossed out long-held biases and pinpointed some ways to protect families
leaving solutions tangled in tradition and in the politics of poverty
with support from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States
Handley’s team first analyzed records of lead levels in children and pregnant mothers in three Monterey County cities
Three times more Seaside children carried dangerous lead levels than kids living in nearby Salinas or Marina
Almost all those with high lead levels were Latino
although 70 percent were born in the United States
This finding punched holes in the unwelcome suggestion that contaminated immigrants were coming to California
The team surveyed the Seaside women to find out what they knew about lead
whether their jobs or houses posed a hazard
One out of five pregnant women in Seaside showed elevated levels—the vast majority of them
And a striking 60 percent of the women who had emigrated from the western Oaxacan region of Zimatlán showed unhealthy lead levels
A pattern of spikes in lead levels suggested food or cooking styles as the culprit
rather than contamination from soil or peeling house paint
which would have shown a more constant level
since some Seaside families owned pottery from the Oaxacan artisan community of Santa Maria Atzompa
where ceramics crafted for generations are known to contain lead
The pottery—first made famous when Frida Kahlo bought a large table service of Atzompa ceramics—is prized for its vibrant green glaze
When the Seaside women said they had used Oaxacan ceramics back home
But they also said they did not use the same kind of pottery here in California
and rarely used pottery of any kind when they cooked
Oaxacans face considerable prejudice in Mexico
and often from other Mexican immigrants here
She worried that the women might just be reluctant to talk about using traditional cooking methods
But then came the clincher: The blood lead level in one California-born child
The boy’s mother provided Handley’s team with samples of food she had just received from her family in Oaxaca
“She told us that her son had eaten quite a few chapulines in the previous few days,” Handley says
and the California Department of Public Health issued a statewide alert
warning of potential contamination in chapulines
How could the occasional Oaxacan package account for widespread contamination
and one day in 2004 as Handley was sifting through her mail
she came across an article about Mexican mom-and-pop delivery businesses called envíos
envíos ship local foods and gifts from Mexicans up to their families in California
The article described the envíos traffic from Oaxacan towns that had once been home to many Seaside residents
An entrepreneurial envío owner who calls himself Pancho Villa does a brisk business packaging and shipping homemade mole
and often hand-delivering them to families in Seaside
“Envíos really help keep families and cultures intact,” says Handley
“but I started to wonder if they might be bringing a fair amount of lead-contaminated food from Oaxaca.”
Handley’s gang headed for the Oaxacan hill towns
The team now included Mexican chemists along with anthropologist Jim Grieshop
who had first made a study of Oaxacan envíos
The team aimed to sort out possible contamination from water
“I’m basically a big gringa coming into a small Oaxacan community,” Handley says
“Emilio and Celeste made this work.” (Truth be told
Handley is a slim woman with long brown hair
more likely to be taken more for a grad student than a grand inquisitor.)
who performed postdoctoral research in 2002–03 at Berkeley
found abnormal lead levels in local mine residue
but the emerald green-glazed ceramics were really loaded
A type of pot known as a chilmolera is particularly prone to shedding lead from the glaze
These pots have serrated cooking surfaces that help grind up ingredients
The sharp edges pulverize limes used in preparing chapulines and other foods
releasing acids that accelerate leaching of lead from the glaze
Grieshop introduced Handley to Ramona Perez
a remarkable San Diego State University anthropologist who has worked for 15 years with ceramicists in Atzompa
Her research and her friendships with the women potters revealed that the pots have traditionally been fired at very high temperatures
large-scale timber operations have stripped native forests of copal
heavy-sapped wood traditionally used in kilns
Reforestation policies have inflated the price of this wood
and most ceramicists now fuel their kilns with cheaper scrap wood
which can’t fire up to the scorching temperatures needed to seal in the lead
have added still more lead to the glaze to compensate for the low firing temperature
The burden is heavier still because the symptoms of lead poisoning mimic the effects of malnutrition
Local and state governments aren’t attacking malnutrition in these more remote areas
and the added toll of lead contamination can easily go unrecognized
A tragic picture emerges of a popular local craft raising local incomes and improving access to health services
while the people’s health gets worse
lead gets exported in food sent to families across Mexico and the United States
stems from traditions caught in a time of change
But there is hope on both sides of the border
Though many Atzompa potters understandably deny the links between lead in their pots and disease in their communities
Perez is working with a cooperative of 27 families to develop Atzompa’s trademark emerald glassy-green glaze without lead
barro sin plomo—ceramics without lead—is not a pipedream
Handley’s team began collaborating with a group of Mexican agricultural economists known as Centeotl
The group focuses on improving nutritional health in the most rural Oaxacan communities
Centeotl encourages local farmers to grow crops rich in the nutrients that lead strips away
grows wild in Oaxaca and is still a popular food in parts of Mexico
Chaya is a richer source of iron than even spinach
UC Cooperative Extension service experts highlight lead risks in Spanish-speaking communities through fotonovellas
colorful comic-book-like publications still popular in the towns
depict school friends discussing the dangers of lead in food and pottery as well as from environmental sources
The fotonovellas are now distributed to schools
Handley also works with scholars at San Francisco State University who have developed lead-education lesson plans for ESL (English as a Second Language) literacy classes
tailored particularly for Spanish-speaking mothers of young children
Getting the word out is a good way to get the lead out
“We’ve come so far in understanding how to prevent lead poisoning,” Handley says
“It’s really sad that the momentum is not yet there to make lasting progress
The solution should come from actions like banning lead in all glazes or paint
is declining in most places—because of policy
“But we can’t turn our backs on the problem
too—in California and in Mexico—working with the community.”
A new tool Handley calls “the zapper” can provide near-instant readings of lead levels
and she is urging public health systems to start using the device and making it available to communities
envío owner Pancho Villa has taken eagerly to the idea of allowing lead-level tests of goods from Oaxaca
so he can ship lead-free ceramics whenever they are available
“Our research started locally and then became bi-national,” Handley says
we found our efforts merged with colleagues who come at these problems with different sets of expertise
I hope we can help people protect their families—and their food traditions on both sides of the border.”
Spikes in sex hormones drive teenage development and desire
They fire up the physiology of reproduction and push teens toward adulthood
These dramatic physical changes can make for emotionally—and biologically—vulnerable times
Research shows that a class of chemicals found in many household and personal care products mimic or block the normal effects of hormones such […]
Karen Shinberg Czapanskiy recently published a law review article about denying paternal rights to rapists and others who coerce conception
and Coerced Intercourse: No Protection Required,” Vol
Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers
became a Professor Emerita at the University of Maryland Carey School […]
Two factors that contributed to the poisoning of tens of thousands of Washington
residents through their drinking water in the early 2000s—lead pipes and a disinfectant called chloramine—continue to coexist in countless water systems nationwide
says UC Berkeley water expert and engineering professor David Sedlak; […]
CAA is a self-funded nonprofit organization that relies on donations to provide programs and services that support students
Art Museum of Southeast Texas
and website in this browser for the next time I comment
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HAA Cultural Events Calendar
20177:54 PM UTCDay of the DeadCelebrating Dia de los Muertos
the dead return to Earth to visit their loved ones
[1/21]People visit tombs of relatives and friends at 'Nueva Esperanza' (New Hope) cemetery in Villa Maria del Triunfo on the outskirts of Lima
[2/21]A woman sits near the grave of her relative in Santa Maria Atzompa cemetery in Oaxaca
REUTERS/Jorge Luis PlataSANTA MARIA ATZOMPA
[3/21]A devotee shows his tattoo of Santa Muerte on his neck during celebrations in Mexico City
[5/21]A woman dressed up as "Catrina"
a Mexican character also known as "The Elegant Death"
takes part in a Catrinas parade in Mexico City
[6/21]Riders participate in the annual horse race for drunk riders in the village of Todos Los Santos Cuchumatan
REUTERS/Jose CabezasTodos Santos Cuchumatan
[8/21]A devotee blows marijuana smoke on small statues of Santa Muerte during the main celebration of La Santa Muerte or The Saint of Death a day before Day of the Dead in Mexico City
[9/21]An activist with her face painted to look like the popular Mexican figure "Catrina" performs as she takes part in a march against femicide in Mexico City
[10/21]Women dressed up as "Catrinas"
participate in a procession to commemorate Day of the Dead in Mexico City
[11/21]Women dressed up as "Catrina"
[12/21]A girl with her face painted as the popular Mexican figure "Catrina"
is pictured near the graves at the Metepec cemetery near Mexico City
[13/21]Children visit tombs of relatives and friends at 'Nueva Esperanza' (New Hope) cemetery in Villa Maria del Triunfo on the outskirts of Lima
[14/21]People meet in front of a floral offering for the victims who died in the September 19 earthquake at Mexico park in Mexico City
[15/21]A man with a guitar walks next to a paint of skulls called "Natitas" at the general cemetery in La Paz
[16/21]A puppet depicting the skeleton of a dog participates in a procession to commemorate Day of the Dead in Mexico City
[17/21]Traditional dancers participate during the annual horse race for drunk riders in the village of Todos Los Santos Cuchumatan
[18/21]Aymara's musicians perform during the Day of the Dead commemoration in Bolivia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs building in La Paz
[19/21]A woman prays on her mother's grave at the cemetery in Nejapa
[20/21]People sit near the grave of their relative at a cemetery in Arocutin
[21/21]An activist with her face painted to look like the popular Mexican figure "Catrina" holds a cross as she takes part in a march against femicide during the Day of the Dead in Mexico City
The word on the cross read: "No one more"
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Whether they are in their country of origin or in the United States
many Hispanic families gather every year during the “Day of the Dead” (Día de los Muertos
Día de los Fieles Difuntos) or All Souls Day
to remember their loved ones who have died and pray for the repose of their souls
Masses are celebrated in cemeteries for parishioners who visit and decorate the tombs of their departed loved ones
families build altars adorned with Christian symbols.
Many Anglo-American parishioners feel skeptical of the celebration when they see skulls and altars
Catholic Hispanics tend to feel skeptical about Halloween because its direct translation in Spanish is “witches’ night,” whereas in English it is a contraction of All Hallows’ Eve – the vigil of All Saints Day
Although a secular aspect can be found in both celebrations
both have Christian roots that not only celebrate culture but also the Catholic faith
When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico and Central America
they found polytheistic pre-Hispanic civilizations that believed life ended in death
teaching them that there is only one God; every person has an immortal soul; and their departed loved ones need prayers for their salvation (Catechism of the Catholic Church
who are souls in the purgatory,” said Father Roger Brito
The priest has celebrated All Souls Mass for six years in different cemeteries of the Archdiocese of Baltimore
He noted that the traditional celebration of Día de los Muertos is a colonial Latin-American tradition that emerged from pre-Hispanic traditions evangelized by the Spaniards and adapted to the Catholic faith
A traditional altar of Día de los Muertos in a Catholic household contains three levels
symbolizing the “church militant,” “church penitential” and “church triumphant”; pictures of family members who have died; and a cross made with marigold (cempasúchil) flowers
in which the cross symbolizes Christ’s death and resurrection
Skulls on the altars during Día de los Muertos symbolize death
not to associate respect for death with worship of death
some have confused death with a deity and have called it “Santa Muerte” or “St
Death/Holy Death.” Vatican officials have repeatedly denounced devotion to “Santa Muerte,” a folk “saint” depicted as a skeletal figure holding a scythe
that emerged in pagan blending of figures from indigenous and Christian cultures. “Death is a bridge of this life with the other one,” Father Brito said
“It connects the earthly with the divine.”
Email Priscila González de Doran at pdoran@CatholicReview.org
Copyright © 2021 Catholic Review Media
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The Associated Church Press
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) -Mexicans started casting votes in six state elections on Sunday that are likely to boost President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador’s party
in one of the last major tests of his electoral clout before the political focus shifts to the race to succeed him
Lopez Obrador’s leftist National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and its allies are tipped to win most of the governorships up for grabs
tightening the party’s grip on the political landscape against a fractured opposition
Jointly accounting for about one-tenth of Mexico’s 126 million population
and Oaxaca and Quintana Roo in the south and east elect new governors
All are currently governed by the opposition
Opinion polls suggest that only Aguascalientes and Durango are likely to remain in the hands of opposition parties
which are not running on a completely united ticket against MORENA in any state
“If we’re all with the president
we’ll fare better,” he said while on the way to cast his vote in the center of Oaxaca City
a 56-year-old who washes dishes for a living
walked past a polling station in Santa Maria Atzompa
and stopped to beseech the Immaculate Virgin of Juquila to help MORENA win
a political scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)
said if MORENA wins a majority of the states
it should help consolidate the president’s influence over the party
“It would give Lopez Obrador a good deal of power to decide who will be the candidate in 2024,” Oliva said
Polls have consistently shown Lopez Obrador is more popular than MORENA
the party that was a vehicle for his presidential campaign in 2018
he has fallen short of campaign pledges to ramp up economic growth and significantly reduce gang-fueled violence
but his rollout of social welfare programs has buttressed his popularity
the elections come as a daily tracking poll published by pollster Consulta Mitofsky showed support for Lopez Obrador had slipped from over 62% at the end of April to 54% on Friday
“I can’t help noticing mistakes made at federal level being passed on to the states,” said Guadalupe Mejia
Mejia said security and education were her main concerns
presidents can serve only a single six-year term
Lopez Obrador’s successor is scheduled to be elected in June 2024
Mexico City Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum and Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard are among the favorites for the job
Political analysts tend to view Sheinbaum as more ideologically aligned with Lopez Obrador’s base
with greater appeal to middle-class voters
Victory in four of the six states would give MORENA control of 20 of Mexico’s 32 regional governments
Administrations allied with MORENA also govern two other states
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