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The Van Gogh Village Museum in Nuenen will soon have a so-called Van Gogh cabinet
The former sketchbooks of the Brabant master painter can be seen in it
The cabinet contains copies of four Van Gogh sketchbooks that are indistinguishable from the originals
The real Van Gogh sketchbooks are in the vault at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam because of their fragility
A total of one thousand cabinets were made
The fact that one of them will soon be on display in Nuenen is thanks to a donation
is donating the cabinet to the Nuenen museum
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Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen
Left: visible light photography; right: photography of UV-induced fluorescence (filters: 85B and UV 2E pale yellow
image showing the yellow green fluorescence of the varnish layer
Spots of examination mentioned in the text marked: IRn: reflection FTIR spectroscopy; OCTn: Optical Coherence Tomography; PMn: photomicrographs; S1: sample collection spot for Optical Microscopy
and FTIR-ATR; TESTn: spots where cleaning tests were performed and monitored by OCT and reflection FTIR spectroscopy
In order to create a tailored treatment method for this painting
further knowledge had to be gained regarding the number of varnish layers present
the reasons why they were applied and by whom as well as their composition and solubility properties
It was also important to locate the varnish layers in relation to the overall layer build-up of the painting given by the two separate painting sessions
the possibility of the presence of an alkyd varnish also on the surface of Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen needed to be taken into consideration
Range of different phenomena observed on the painting’s surface. Photomicrographs taken in: a raking visible light at ×25 magnification; b raking visible light at ×40 magnification; c raking visible light at ×40 magnification; d scattered visible light at ×25 magnification. For the location of the images, see Fig. 1 (left)
Locations of all examination spots mentioned in this report are given in Fig. 1, left and (for XRF) in Additional file 1: Fig
To gain an overview of the pigments that Van Gogh employed in this painting, the chemical elements were identified in a total of 17 locations (Additional file 1: Fig
S1) using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
This instrument consists of a low power Rhodium X-ray tube and a Silicon-Drift energy dispersive X-ray detector
A collimator with a diameter of 3 mm was used for the analysis
The measurements were performed under atmospheric conditions
using a tube voltage of 40 kV and 6 µA current
The acquisition time was 10 s in measurements 1–4 and 60 s in measurements 5–17
A single micro-sample including the full stratigraphy was taken from the painting (for location see Fig. 1 left)
embedded in a polyester resin (Polypol PS230) and polished perpendicularly to the surface to obtain a cross-section
This was examined under a Zeiss Axioplan 2 optical microscope
both with bright field illumination and UV-induced fluorescence
The filter set ‘UV H365’ used for examination in UV-light consists of the following filters: excitation BP 365/12
For further identification of the pigments
a Jeol JSM 5910 LV scanning electron microscope was used with a Thermo Fisher silicon drift detector system for energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS)
The primary electron beam energy was 20 kV
The cross-section was examined in the low-vacuum mode (30 Pa)
FTIR-ATR imaging was performed on the cross-section of the sample by means of a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FTIR spectrometer combined with a Spectrum Spotlight 400 FTIR microscope equipped with a 16 × 1 pixel linear mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) array detector
A Perkin Elmer ATR imaging accessory employing a germanium crystal was used for ATR imaging
Scale bars in all the tomograms are equivalent to 200 μm in both directions
It is worthwhile to mention that OCT primarily detects in-depth distances as optical and not geometrical ones
but all tomograms presented herein are corrected for this effect with use of a common value of 1.5 for refractive indices of varnishes and binders
The possible error caused by the divergence from the real values is below the resolution of the instrument in case on thin layers present here
Non-invasive FTIR analyses (a total of 26 measurements) were performed using the portable FTIR spectrometer ALPHA produced by Bruker Optics (Germany/USA-MA)
The instrument is equipped with a SiC globar source
a “rock solid”-design interferometer (with gold mirrors) and a DLaTGS detector
An external reflectance module with an optical layout of 22°/22° allows contactless measurements from areas of ca
3 mm (∅) visible on the PC monitor by a USB camera interfaced with the spectrometer
The IR spectra were collected in a spectral region ranging from 7000 to 350 cm−1 by setting 146 scans and a resolution of 4 cm−1 and visualized in pseudo-absorption mode (Log (1/R); R = reflectance)
Spectra collected from a gold flat mirror were used as background
The instrument used is a Jasco Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) 4100 spectrometer equipped with a ceramic light source
a Michelson interferometer and a nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector
The spectrometer is coupled to a Jasco IMV 4000 optical microscope with three objectives (Cassegrain 16X
the areas were selected by the Cassegrain 16X
The IR spectra were collected in the range from 7000 to 600 cm− 1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm− 1 and using 4000 scans
a number of tests were performed to determine the solubility properties of the upper varnish layer that was to be removed
different organic solvents were tested in various locations of the painting
Wettened cotton swabs were carefully rolled over the surface and the reaction was observed under the stereomicroscope
It appeared that the best effect was obtained with pure ethanol
which dissolved the varnish material efficiently without visually affecting the paint layers
This solvent was thus selected to be employed in the subsequent varnish removal tests that were monitored in-situ and step by step by means of FTIR and OCT
the extracts from swabs were also analysed by µFTIR spectroscopy
Two of these tests will be discussed in more detail in the following section
both of which were conducted in areas that are representative of the painting’s complexity
They were expected to assist in determining whether the non-original varnish could be removed without harming the original structure underneath
test no. 7: pure ethanol applied in 3 steps by rolling consecutive times with cotton swabs. Step 1: 24 rolls; step 2: 12 rolls; step 3: final cleaning under the microscope (Fig. 6)
test no. 9: pure ethanol applied in 2 steps by rolling with cotton swabs. Step 1: 18 rolls; step 2: 12 rolls (Fig. 7)
The areas selected for the cleaning tests (10 × 10 mm2 for test no
9) were marked by ‘windows’ cut in transparent Mylar foil
a FTIR spectrum was collected in the middle of the marked square area
The painting was then placed horizontally under the OCT head with a scanning beam projecting down and OCT data was collected
the solvent cleaning procedure was applied by rolling cotton swabs on the surface of varnish without moving of the OCT head (with 43 mm distance from the lens to the painting)
Then the OCT data were collected again for the repeatability of scans and thus for a precise comparison between the scans obtained before and after this treatment step
the painting was transferred for FTIR analysis on the same marked area
repositioned again under the OCT instrument
This procedure was repeated for as many steps as necessary
Due to the relatively large size of the FTIR data collection spot (3 mm) it was possible to reposition the painting for consecutive measurements within the designated foil window
a micrometric scale precision is necessary for the comparison of tomograms and generation of differential maps from subsequent cleaning steps
Mechanical limiters were used for coarse positioning of the painting after relocation with precision of about 50 µm in X,Y directions but with no control in Z direction
Software matching of the B-scans taken from the OCT data collected before and after repositioning enabled achieving the desired micrometric alignment (better than the distance between B-scans in Y direction: 80 µm
better than twice the lateral resolution in X direction and better than twice the axial resolution in air in Z direction)
To investigate the palette Van Gogh used for each of his two painting campaigns, 17 spots were analysed by XRF, covering different colours of the composition (Additional file 1: Table S1)
Six of these analyses were taken from areas that—based on the microscopic examination of the painting’s surface—include the initial paint layers from the beginning of 1884 (measurements 2
4 and 12–15) and ten from areas that comprise both the paint of this first campaign and the 1885 additions (measurements 1
For one location it was not certain whether it is composed of the paint layers of one or both painting campaigns (measurement 10)
Apart from the apparent differentiation of the use of white pigments in the two painting phases
particularly in the later added yellow and orange paint strokes of the hedge (measurements 8 and 9) a relatively large response for iron was obtained
indicating the use of different shades of ochre in these 1885 additions
except for two analyses of the sky (measurements 14 and 15)
which is characteristic of the red pigment vermilion
indicated by the co-presence of lead and antimony
The detection of a small amount of chromium in a few spots suggests that chrome yellow or orange may also be present
Results of examination of the cross-section of the sample taken from the lower edge of Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen (spot S1 in Fig. 1
left); a image taken in bright field illumination; b UV-induced fluorescence; c Backscattered Electron Image; d FTIR-ATR spectrum of layer 5
On the basis of these initial investigations
the composition of the varnish layers and their location in relation to the paint layers of the first and second campaign could not be completely resolved
the integrated OCT/reflection FTIR approach was applied as discussed in the next section
Further characterisation of the complex stratigraphy of paint and varnish layers as well as their topography was achieved by employing the non-invasive optical coherence tomography technique
The painting was examined in 35 spots within which OCT detected two layers of varnish in 30 spots as already observed in the paint sample cross section
The upper layer is thin and continuous with the average thickness of 10–12 μm
and is in some cases noticeable as two layers
In combination with the results obtained by reflection FTIR (see below)
this varnish can most likely be related to the restoration treatment carried out in 1961
The bottom varnish layer on the contrary is less continuous and can frequently be seen in the form of round-shaped lumps of transparent material of various sizes (30–100 μm in diameter)
probably concerning the original egg white varnish by Van Gogh
a single thin layer of the upper varnish may be seen (4)
applied on top of the paint layer constituting the artist’s modification from 1885 (3)
lumps of transparent material (the bottom varnish layer) can be observed (2)
separating the overpaint from the initial paint layers from 1884 (1)
OCT results collected at spots OCT15 (a) and OCT21 (b). White lines in the macrophotographs mark the exact location and direction of the OCT tomograms. Layers visible: (1) initial paint layers from 1884, (2) Van Gogh’s initial varnish from 1884, (3, 3a) Van Gogh’s painted addition from 1885, (4) later, non-original varnish layer(s) from the 1961 restoration treatment. Yellow arrows mark the discontinuity of the paint layer
Selected reflection FTIR spectra collected in the areas indicated in Fig. 1
in comparison with a reference IR spectrum of an alkyd resin (grey spectral profile)
As mentioned above, rather than forming a continuous layer, the egg white varnish is present in the shape of (semi-)transparent lumps or islands, which is also visible in the micrographs of the painting’s surface (Fig. 2)
This is most likely the result of the characteristic shrinking that takes place during the drying process of egg white
this feature has also led to cracks in the underlying semi-dry paint layers
with which the egg white has formed a tight bond
The disrupted paint surface can thus be linked to the application of this particular material
Since the egg white varnish in Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen was most probably applied by Van Gogh himself
the cleaning tests were focused on the selective removal of the uppermost alkyd resin layer(s) while preserving the original varnish
the cleaning resulted in only a little change of the varnish thickness
Some areas (marked red in the differential map) show the accumulation of material
probably as a result of transferring some varnish during cleaning with the swab
a Localisation of cleaning test no. 9 (the yellow circle indicates the area analysed by portable FTIR); b, c photomicrographs (VIS raking light and UV-excited fluorescence) of this area after treatment (see Fig. 2b for the photomicrograph before varnish removal)
white rectangles exact location of OCT tomograms shown in panels f and g; d reflection FTIR spectra collected before (uncleaned) and after each step of the test in comparison with a reference spectrum of an alkyd resin (characteristic alkyd signals marked with arrows)
Si: silicate component; P: protein; e FTIR spectra recorded in transflection mode from the swab extracts in comparison with a reference spectrum of an alkyd resin and that corresponding to the blank (extract of pure cotton in ethanol)
Asterisks mark signals probably affected by those of the blank; f
g OCT tomograms collected before and after varnish removal
description of layers: (1) initial paint layer from 1884
(3) later varnish layer from the 1961 restoration treatment; h
i OCT topography maps collected before and after varnish removal; j OCT differential map showing amount of removed material
the combination of the applied techniques made it possible to visualize the stratigraphy of Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen
to gain information on the painting materials used by Van Gogh
and to understand the origin of the complex surface phenomena observed
This knowledge was crucial to test and define the most opportune cleaning procedure corresponding to the specific complexity and needs of the surface in different areas of the painting
The painting was created in early 1884 and partially reworked by Van Gogh in late 1885
The initial XRF-measurements revealed the artist’s palette used in both painting campaigns
Cross-section analysis provided information about the layer build-up showing that there are at least two varnish layers present
The lower varnish was identified with FTIR-ATR as protein-based
which was also confirmed by reflection FTIR spectroscopy in situ
in the OCT tomograms both painting sessions were recognized and
it could be determined that the proteinaceous layer is located between the paint layers of the first and second campaign
this varnish was applied between spring 1884 and fall 1885
From the knowledge on the artist’s varnishing practice
it can be concluded that this most likely concerns an original egg white varnish
This layer appears to be responsible for the disrupted paint surface—due to its shrinking properties during the process of drying
identification of the uppermost varnish as an alkyd resin made it possible to link it to the 1961 restoration treatment
In contrast to the underlying original egg white varnish
it formed a rather glossy continuous layer that had pooled in the interstices of the paint surface
and its yellowish colour was for a great part responsible for the undesired patchy appearance of the painting
The combination of results gained from optical coherence tomography and reflection FTIR facilitated the characterisation of both varnish layers
location as well as origin/dating and made it possible to determine that only the upper
The monitoring of the cleaning procedure was performed by the simultaneous measurement of chemical
optical and morphological changes of the object step by step
the selective action of the solvent restricted to the non-original varnish was confirmed
This allowed fine-tuning of apt cleaning strategies for the restoration treatment that would re-establish a balanced appearance of the painting regarding its surface gloss and saturation of colours
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
but it is unclear whether this was done during the 1961 intervention
In the three paintings examined from the first half of 1884 no zinc white was detected
while zinc white was identified or probably present in 15 out of the 16 investigated paintings dated 1885
The retouching appears somewhat darker in the UV fluorescence image, see Fig. 1
As there is no loss visible in this area in the X-ray
the retouching might have been applied in order to cover the disrupted paint surface
In the blue coat and white hat of the figures in front of the hedge (measurements 5 and 6) as well as in the green paint in the foreground (measurement 16) a peak around 6.9 keV was detected
which matches the Kα1 emission line energy of cobalt
However since the response for zinc was very high in these areas
this peak may rather correspond to the escape peak of the Kα1 emission line of this element
Van Gogh also used such retouching varnishes in the Potato Eaters (F82) [13]
Van Gogh preferred a matte surface in the paintings he created during his later career in France and therefore generally did not varnish them at all
which for this purpose was dissolved in Shellsol D 40®
a mixture of paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons C9-C11 (1 weight part : 9 volume parts)
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry by attenuated total reflectance
Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Jansen L, Luijten H, Bakker N, editors. Vincent van Gogh: The Letters. Version: October 2021. Amsterdam & The Hague: Van Gogh, Museum, Huygens ING. 2009. Available from: https://vangoghletters.org
Vincent van Gogh Paintings 1: Dutch period 1881–1885
Amsterdam: Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd; 1999
Conservation of the Amsterdam sunflowers: from past to future
Van Gogh’s sunflowers illuminated art meets science
Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press/Van Gogh Museum Amsterdam; 2019
Optical coherence tomography: technology and applications
Optical coherence tomography technology and applications
Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London: Springer; 2015
Targowski P, Kowalska M, Sylwestrzak M, Iwanicka M. OCT for examination of cultural heritage objects. In: Wang MR, editor. Optical coherence tomography and its non-medical applications. London: IntechOpen; 2020. p. 147–64. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88215
The painting technique of The Potato Eaters
Ploeger R, Scalarone D, Chiantore O. The characterization of commercial artists’ alkyd paints. J Cult Herit. 2008;9(4):412–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.01.007
Rampazzi L, Brunello V, Corti C, Lissoni E. Non-invasive techniques for revealing the palette of the Romantic painter Francesco Hayez. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2017;176:142–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.01.011
A Closer Look: Technical and Art-Historical Studies on Works by Van Gogh and Gauguin
A closer look: technical and art-historical studies on works by Van Gogh and Gauguin
Baij L, Liu C, Buijs J, Alvarez Martin A, Westert D, Raven L, et al. Understanding and optimizing Evolon® CR for varnish removal from oil paintings. Herit Sci. 2021;9(1):155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00627-9
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The authors would like to thank Heleen van Driel at the Van Gogh Museum for providing all technical imaging of the overall painting
Results obtained within MOLAB Transnational Access Project VAN GOGH RETURNS (project leader Kathrin Pilz) within the EU H2020 Project IPERION CH
654028 and continued under the EU H2020 Project IPERION HS
871034 and conducted with the partial use of the facilities at Italian and Polish nodes of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science (E-RIHS)
Present address: Institute of Materials and Constructions
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI)
Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G.Natta” (CNR-SCITEC)
Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands
Istituto CNR di le Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (CNR-ISPC)
MI contributed to the concept and writing of the paper; the acquisition
and has drafted the paper and approved the submitted version
analysis and interpretation of the FTIR data collected in situ and in laboratory on the cotton swabs
KP examined the painting technique and condition of Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen
initiated and oversaw the scientific investigation and analysis in her role as project leader
and carried out the (monitored) cleaning tests as well as the actual restoration of the painting
writing and revision of this paper and approved the submitted version
BD contributed to the acquisition of the FTIR data collected in situ
revised the paper and approved the submitted version
LC and CM contributed to the development of the methodology for the non-invasive cleaning monitoring by portable FTIR and for the laboratory analyses of the cotton swabs
they have revised the paper and approved the submitted version
MG performed and interpreted the XRF-analysis on the painting
and the OM and SEM-EDS on the paint sample
She contributed to the writing of the paper and approved the submitted version
SG performed FTIR-ATR analysis on the paint sample
analysis and creation of new software used for OCT data as well as to the concept
All authors have agreed both to be personally accountable for the authors’ own contributions and to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work
even ones in which the author was not personally involved
and the resolution documented in the literature
All authors read and approved the final manuscript
The authors declare that they have no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen
spots of examination by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
Identification of elements by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data
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The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring (1884) © Groninger Museum
photo by Marten de LeeuwVan Gogh’s painting The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring has been recovered
just over three years after it was stolen in Laren in a smash-and-grab raid
The return was negotiated a few days ago by the Dutch private art detective Arthur Brand
a small square off Amsterdam’s Prisengracht Canal
The Van Gogh was handed over in an Ikea bag
It is believed that those holding the Van Gogh were hoping to use it to barter for the release of a prisoner
View this post on Instagram A post shared by Arthur Brand (@arthurbrandartdetective)
Almost exactly a year later, in April 2021, a suspect was arrested
He was found guilty of stealing both the Van Gogh and a Frans Hals painting from a museum in Leerdam
and was sentenced to eight years imprisonment
The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring is temporarily being held at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Blühm says the painting (oil on paper on panel) “has suffered”, although at first glance it is “still in good condition”. It will now be properly examined and any necessary conservation work undertaken, which will take “weeks, if not months”, before it goes back on display at the Groninger Museum.
The insurer has already paid the museum the value of the Van Gogh, so the company is now the formal owner of the painting. But under the usual arrangements, the museum has the first right to buy it back. A museum spokesperson says they will “of course use this right in order to show the work to the public”.
blog15 September 2023Recovering the stolen Van Gogh: the museum director recalls the emotional momentSeized in a violent raid in 2020
returned in a blue Ikea bag—now being bought back from the insurer
blog9 April 2021Dutch police arrest over Van Gogh smash-and-grab raid: how long until the landscape is recovered?The suspect is linked to a Frans Hals theft, which should help track down paintings from two museums
The municipality of Nuenen has planted a tree to honour the Ukrainian refugees who have been residing in the Vrouwkesakker building for the past three years.
Despite the pouring rain, a ceremony was held on Monday afternoon where Anna and Lisa, both twelve years old, unveiled the sign at the tree.
They expressed their happiness that the municipality acknowledges the Ukrainian community. “It means respect”, said Lisa.
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showing an earlier composition of the old church tower and cemetery
which was overpainted Credit: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Adventures with Van Gogh is a weekly blog by Martin Bailey
The Art Newspaper's long-standing correspondent and expert on the Dutch painter
stories range from newsy items about this most intriguing artist
to scholarly pieces based on meticulous investigations and discoveries
Explore all of Martin’s adventures with Van Gogh here
Poplars near Nuenen, the first Van Gogh to be acquired by a Dutch museum, is to be restored. This will offer an unusual opportunity to investigate two intriguing questions surrounding this important landscape.
Why did Vincent reuse the canvas and paint over an earlier composition of Nuenen’s old church tower and the cemetery where where his father had been buried
And although most of the later landscape of poplars was completed in the Dutch village
did he retouch it a few months later in Paris
adding brighter colours after encountering the work of the Impressionists
Van Gogh’s Poplars near Nuenen (November 1885 and possibly spring 1886) Credit: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Rotterdam’s Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen has just been awarded a €25,000 TEFAF Museum Restoration Fund award to study and conserve Poplars near Nuenen
This project should reveal much more about one of Van Gogh’s finest Dutch landscapes
When Van Gogh planned Poplars near Nuenen in late October 1885 he conceived it as “a symphony in yellow”
It depicts an avenue of trees on the outskirts of the village where his family lived
Two women stroll along a track and a man seems to be sweeping up autumn leaves
An X-ray image of Poplars near Nuenen reveals that beneath the composition Vincent had originally painted a close-up view of the tower of the old church
It included several crosses in the adjacent cemetery
where his father was to be buried after his sudden death in March 1885
It is curious that Vincent painted over this scene
just seven months after his father had died
Vincent’s reasons may well have been purely pragmatic
He probably reused the canvas to save money
painting over the church and cemetery with the landscape of poplars
Vincent made a small sketch of it for his brother Theo
the artist described the composition as “an autumn landscape
The church tower of the earlier composition reappears in the distance of the later landscape
Van Gogh’s sketch of Poplars near Nuenen in his letter to Theo
around 17 November 1885 Credit: Van Gogh Museum
Three weeks after completing Poplars near Nuenen
after relations had deteriorated with his family
but it failed to sell and was quickly returned
It was there that Vincent discovered the work of the Impressionists
which had a profound impact on his own work
Abandoning the dark tones of his Dutch paintings
he experimented boldly with the use of colour
This ultimately led to Van Gogh becoming the colourist that we know and love
After the deaths of Vincent and Theo in 1890 and 1891 Poplars near Nuenen passed to the artist’s sister-in-law Jo Bonger
who sold it in 1903 for the equivalent of £60
The picture was bought by “26 art friends”
and they presented it to the Rotterdam museum
Investigative work on Poplars near Nuenen has just begun in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen’s conservation studio
Van Gogh’s Poplars near Nuenen in the studio of the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
with conservator Erika Smeenk-Metz Credit: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
with a long-standing problem of lifting paint and numerous small losses
Van Gogh did not allow the original image of the church to properly dry before he painted his second composition
There are now conservation problems galore
The old varnish has become very discoloured
In the upper left there is a 10cm vertical crack through both the paint and canvas (which is clearly visible on the x-ray)
the museum’s head of collections and research
admits that if nothing is done “the risk of damage is very high”
The main purpose of the treatment will be to stabilise the painting
This should also make it safer to lend to outside exhibitions
Removal of the discoloured varnish will hopefully mean that Van Gogh’s colours appear brighter and stronger
Specialists believe that the blue paint strokes that stand out on the sky near the horizon and the light touches in the trees may well have been added after Van Gogh’s arrival in France
These additions bring the darkened composition to life
During the restoration it should be possible to determine whether these brighter touches of colour were indeed painted in Paris
It may also be possible to determine if the painting was signed in Nuenen or Paris (it can just be made out
The artist only occasionally added his signature “Vincent”
usually when he was really satisfied with a painting
Before conservation work starts on Poplars near Nuenen it will be displayed at TEFAF in Maastricht
in the south of the Netherlands (25–30 June)
Conservation work is scheduled to begin a few months after that
probably involving the careful removal of old varnish
The restored painting is then likely to go back on display at the Rotterdam museum early next year
Martin Bailey is a leading Van Gogh specialist and special correspondent for The Art Newspaper
He has curated exhibitions at the Barbican Art Gallery
Compton Verney/National Gallery of Scotland and Tate Britain
To contact Martin Bailey, please email vangogh@theartnewspaper.com
Please note that he does not undertake authentications
Explore all of Martin’s adventures with Van Gogh here
which has just been acquired by Rotterdam’s art museum
blog11 October 2024Van Gogh’s postman: the artist's favourite portrait subject to be explored in Boston and Amsterdam showsVincent described his friend as having “a big
blog11 September 2020Which is the only museum in the world actively buying up Van Goghs? It’s in the hometown of Hieronymus BoschThe Noordbrabants Museum’s latest acquisition is Head of a Woman
bought privately for €1.6m through Christie’s
received the municipal medal of honour in silver on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary
deputy Mayor Sandor Löwik and chairman Wil Fortanier planted a walnut tree on Aloysiushof
The walnut originally comes from Anatolia and was brought to the Netherlands by the Romans
a member of IVN (Instituut voor Natuurbeschermingseducatie)
which will eventually be placed next to the tree
Löwik praised the many activities and the great services of the association to the community
He then presented the silver medal of honour to chairman Fortanier
IVN also had a gift for Brabants Landschap (Brabant landscape): a check for ‘fifty square metres’
This can be used to purchase a piece of nature reserve in the future
Source: Studio040
Van Gogh’s The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring (March 1884) was seized in a nighttime smash-and-grab raid in 2020 from an exhibition in Laren
It had been on loan from the Groninger Museum
where it has been one of the stars of the collection since its acquisition in 1962
The Van Gogh landscape was insured for €2.5m
Last September the painting was dramatically recovered by the Dutch private art detective Arthur Brand
as a result of his contacts with an intermediary who had links to the criminal underworld
The painting was delivered to Brand’s Amsterdam home in a blue plastic Ikea bag
the Van Gogh picture has survived remarkably well
partly because it was mounted on an oak board
Before the latest examination it had always been assumed that it had been painted on paper (affixed to the board)
but conservator Marjan de Visser immediately spotted that it is on linen
this basic fact had apparently not been realised earlier
De Visser found some damage and scratching to the old varnish coating
occasionally penetrating through the paint layer to the white ground (one such place is just below the figure of the woman)
The remaining varnish is likely to be removed
although a final decision has yet to be made
was created when he was living with his parents in the village of Nuenen
It depicts the back garden of his father’s parsonage
with the tower of the old church in the distance
Van Gogh began the painting as a winter scene
also making an ink sketch in which the trees are bare
he wrote to say that “it’s already a spring garden—by now
And it’s changed a lot.” In the painting he added foliage to the trees and even a little blossom
The recovered Van Gogh will be presented so that the reverse is also visible
We can report that the Ikea bag will also be displayed
since this object is now part of the painting’s story
The actual restoration will probably begin early next year
In the meantime, the Groninger Museum will be presenting a special exhibition, unrelated to the theft. The show, How Van Gogh Came to Groningen (30 November-5 May 2025), will recount the story of one of the earliest exhibitions on the artist, held in the city in 1896.
The picture will be exhibited on their stand at the Tefaf Maastricht art fair (public days 9-14 March).Martin Bailey is a leading Van Gogh specialist and special correspondent for The Art Newspaper
blog9 April 2021Dutch police arrest over Van Gogh smash-and-grab raid: how long until the landscape is recovered?The suspect is linked to a Frans Hals theft
which should help track down paintings from two museums
news12 September 2023'Handed over in an Ikea bag': art detective recovers Van Gogh painting stolen from Dutch museumThree years ago
'The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring' was taken in a smash-and-grab raid in Laren
Police have arrested three men in an investigation into a stabbing in Nuenen last Sunday
The police are still in the dark about why the stabbing took place
That fateful Sunday morning around half past eight
the victim was stabbed on the Collse Hoefdijk in Nuenen
He managed to flee and reach a gas station near the Berenkuil in Eindhoven
The man was then taken to hospital by ambulance
The victim’s current condition is unknown
The police say the investigation will continue after the arrests
Residents of Geldrop-Mierlo and Nuenen who have opposed the arrival of a large distribution centre at Eeneind-West
still have a small chance that the distribution centre will not come
This was announced by the province of Noord-Brabant
The province has announced that the application for the nitrogen permit is still being processed
This is stated in the provincial government’s answers to questions from the PVV
The province is currently not issuing nitrogen permits due to the poor state of nature in the province
Whether or not the permit for building on Eeneind-West will ultimately be granted is not yet clear
It is also a matter of waiting to see when more clarity will be provided
the province’s new nitrogen policy must first be successfully rolled out and its effects must be proven
The nitrogen dossier is the last straw that residents of Nuenen and Geldrop-Mierlo can hold on to
The villages are not waiting for a distribution centre and all the traffic that it entails
The municipality of Nuenen is currently busy studying all objections to the plan
the owner of the land in Eeneind-West is fully within his rights
which means that the municipality of Nuenen
where the distribution centre is to be built
Another way out would be if an alternative
the same good location and with the right zoning plan
the temporary refugee shelter in the inner garden of town hall is currently being dismantled
Fifty asylum seekers stayed here for half a year
Temporary housing units stood in the courtyard for six months
The refugees have now moved to the shelter on Ekkersrijt in Son
Once the housing units have been taken down
the courtyard of the Nuenen town hall in will be restored to its original state
In addition to the municipality and the Centraal orgaan Opvang Asielzoekers (central agency for the reception of asylum seekers)
the LEV group* and many volunteers were also involved in the temporary shelter
Source: Studio040
*LEV group: they inspire people to participate in society and thus contribute to people’s happiness and well-being
It is an accessible welfare organisation for all residents
they work on a society with resilient neighbourhoods
Dutch art detective Arthur Brand with Van Gogh’s The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring (March 1884)
was having lunch in an Amsterdam café on Monday when the call came through
with an apparently mundane message: “You can come over now.”
director of the Groninger Museum since 2012
when a thief broke through the glass door of the public entrance
In April 2021, Dutch police had arested Nils M.
who was later sentenced to eight years imprisonment for stealing the Van Gogh and also a Frans Hals painting
had been stolen from the Hofje van Mevrouw van Aerden museum in Leerdam on 26 August 2020
Having to deal with an art theft is every museum director’s worst nightmare
There was also a false start early last year when another contact (not Brand) had suggested that a recovery was imminent
It was on 7 September this year that Brand, a highly successful art recover specialist who had long been on the trail
told Blühm to come to Amsterdam four days later
The museum director was instructed to wait in a café which was two blocks from the art detective’s apartment
Blühm did not have much of an appetite that day
so it hardly mattered that he had not quite finished lunch when the call came through
By this time Brand had made a quick inspection of the painting
Although he had put aside a pair of gloves
to inspect the painting without adding his own fingerprints
in the heat of the moment these were forgotten and he simply held it up
The museum director arrived a few minutes later
Blühm had worked at the Van Gogh Museum in 1993-2005
and the telltale exhibition labels on the reverse were there
Nearby in Brand’s apartment was the large blue Ikea bag in which it had been handed over
along with the pillow which had been inside in a clumsy attempt to protect the fragile painting
The recovery by Brand was organised in conjunction with the Art Crime Unit of the Dutch police
It is believed that police officers were stationed in and around his apartment
when the intermediary arrived on his doorstep
a police source says that they did not identify the intermediary or speak with him
Brand told The Art Newspaper that as far as he knows
He says that he has “no idea” where the Van Gogh has been; his task was to encourage the intermediary to return it
This was probably done for a variety of motives: there was little to be gained by holding onto the picture
the person regretted it had been lost by a public collection and he probably felt antagonistic towards the thief
The intermediary asked where the painting should be delivered
with Brand responding “my home would be best”
Blühm phoned the head of conservation at the Van Gogh Museum
saying that he would be delivering "a stolen Van Gogh"—and he would be bringing it along very shortly
The Van Gogh Museum’s immediate examination showed that the painting (oil on paper on panel) has suffered some cracks
although one crack in the lower centre (just below the figure of the woman) will need to be retouched
which was paid out by the insurance company to the Groninger Museum last year
The painting therefore belongs to the insurers
The museum now has the right to buy back Van Gogh back for that sum
after the formalities and payment arrangements have been made
with part of the back garden and the extension which once served as Van Gogh’s studio
depicts a view from the back garden of the house of Vincent’s parents
using a small side extension of their home as his studio
Vincent van Gogh's The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring (March 1884)
© Groninger Museum (photograph by Marten de Leeuw)
The view in the painting is from just outside Van Gogh’s studio
Beyond this lay fields and then the tower of the old church
The body of the church had been demolished a few decades earlier and the tower would be pulled down a year later
Detail of Van Gogh’s The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring (March 1884)
The woman in black in the painting remains a mystery
so it is unlikely to be Vincent’s elderly mother Anna
But it is also possible that she represents Vincent’s sweetheart Margot Begemann
to the concern of both sets of parents who thought they were a most unsuitable couple
The relationship ended when Margot made a failed attempt at suicide
One morning in September 1884 they were walking
quite possible in the fields just beyond the parsonage
Vincent quickly discovered that she had swallowed the poison strychnine and got her to vomit
A doctor was summoned and administered an antidote
The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring could be a depiction of Margot and the landscape where they soon courted
which was committed this week on the artist’s birthday
blog9 February 2024The Van Gogh painting that was stolen—and recovered in an Ikea bag—goes on showResearch reveals that the artist began the work as a winter scene and transformed it into a spring landscape
news12 September 2023'Handed over in an Ikea bag': art detective recovers Van Gogh painting stolen from Dutch museumThree years ago, 'The Parsonage garden at Nuenen in Spring' was taken in a smash-and-grab raid in Laren
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2023 The Noord-Brabant village of Nuenen is a fairly unremarkable Dutch settlement
with some attractive houses and pretty surrounding scenery – apart from one key thing
Vincent van Gogh lived in the town for a time as a young man
and that has put Nuenen into a different league
Van Gogh went to Nuenen to live with his parents once again from December 1883 to November 1885
writing to his brother Theo that “And the Brabant one has dreamed of
reality sometimes comes very close to it … I must confess that it strongly attracts me again.”
The town is all out Van Gogh – from a bronze version of the Potato Eaters on the village green
Town officials and art lovers have been very crafty in making the most of what was a short-lived connection
Our visit coincided with Nuenen’s annual blues festival
given its influence on his early work and the fact he painted his favourite work
If you are simply curious about Van Gogh’s time in the Netherlands
you will find plenty to entertain you as well
Visit the Van Gogh Village Museum The Van Gogh Village Museum re-opened in April after a major extension and renovation
and aims to take visitors on a journey through the misunderstood painter’s times and techniques when he lived in the region
but the museum does its best to tell the Brabant side of his story through other artifacts
It also includes a recreation of the Potato Eaters room for selfie fans and contemporary art exhibitions, including photography inspired by Van Gogh. There is plenty of hands on stuff for children to do as well. Read our earlier article about the museum.
Walk the Van Gogh walk At the museum you can also pick up a map for the Van Gogh walk around the village
which takes you past a number of key landmarks
including the house where the Potato Eaters was painted and the tiny church where his father was pastor
The walk starts opposite the museum at the parsonage where his parents lived
If you walk down the narrow alley you can peek through the hedge at the old cowshed where Van Gogh slept and worked – his parents apparently banned him from the house because he was so difficult
The route, which covers around four kilometres, is a little tricky to follow at times so keep your wits about you. There is also a longer, 10 kilometer walking route around Nuenen for keener ramblers
Visit the Van Gogh-inspired Starry Night bike path Between Nuenen and Eindhoven you can find the 600 metre Starry Night bike path installed by artist Daan Rosengaarde
which takes cyclists and walkers along a route studded with thousands of twinkling stones
You need to visit at dusk or when dark to get the best effect
The bike path forms part of a longer route past some of the key landmarks and inspiration during Van Gogh’s Brabant period. There are actually 10 separate routes covering a total of 435 kilometres so cycling fans have no reason to be bored
the Parkhotel Auberge Vincent on the edge of the village green
We stayed in a fairly basic room in the basement and were lucky to find that
The town also has a sprinkling of B&Bs to choose from
Nearby Eindhoven would make a fine alternative base if you have a car or are close to the railway station
Where to eat Nuenen is well served by cafes and restaurants
but all seem to close fairly early in the evening
Many are located around the village green and serve the usual selection of ribs and burgers
You also have a couple of Chinese eateries to choose from
We had dinner at Olijf, close to the museum, which was friendly, delicious, and big city prices. Nuenen is also home to De Lindehof, which has two Michelin stars if you really want to push the boat out.
How to get there The drive from Amsterdam takes about 90 minutes and there is plenty of parking in the village. There are also regular trains from Eindhoven.
Anything else? As much of the entertainment in Nuenen and its surroundings is outdoors, it is not the best place to visit if it is cold and wet. The blues festival takes place on the Whitsun weekend.
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on loan from the municipality of Groningen
The Van Gogh smash-and-grab raid on the Singer museum in Laren on Monday came as a shock
which has killed over 1,000 people in the Netherlands
it may have seemed astonishing that criminals should target art
But an Interpol spokesperson commented that the theft is “more proof that criminals don't take breaks and will use any situation to their advantage”
Very early on Monday morning, at 3.15am, thieves broke through the glass door of the public entrance to the Singer Laren complex
but by the time police arrived the criminals and The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring (1884) were gone
The thieves were in and out within just a few minutes
they almost certainly disguised their appearance
but no details have yet been released by the police
Detectives are obviously now considering whether it was a coincidence that the thieves struck after the museum was closed on 12 March because of coronavirus
The thieves may have believed that the building would be more vulnerable: some overnight security staff might have been off the premises; those working there would have had to keep a distance from each other; and police might have been hard-pressed dealing with coronavirus issues
It was also poignant that the theft took place on the artist’s birthday
Could it be that the brazen thieves were making a point and hoping to maximise international publicity about their heist
The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring was painted in March 1884
It depicts the view of the back garden of his father’s parsonage
The parsonage and garden still survive in Nuenen
although the church tower was demolished a year after the painting was completed
In 1962 the painting was donated by Jan Willem Moll to the municipality of Groningen, in the far north of the Netherlands, and has since been displayed at the Groninger Museum
Earlier this year The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring was lent to the Singer Laren museum for an exhibition on art of around 1900
entitled Mirror of the Soul: Toorop to Mondriaan (which was scheduled to end on 10 May)
As the Van Gogh was the only painting seized in the raid
view of the 2017 entrance building Courtesy of Singer Laren
The Singer Laren’s permanent collection comprises the donated art of the deceased American couple
They lived in Laren (25km east of Amsterdam)
an important artists’ colony in the late-19th and early-20th centuries
the present entrance building was only completed three years ago
so it ought to have had state-of-the-art security (although it is worrying that the glass front door could be broken)
Van Gogh painted The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring with oil on paper
The painting is 57 cm wide and was displayed in an ornate golden frame
A few words of advice to the criminals: the picture may be stronger than a work on canvas
but the wooden panel is vulnerable to changes in humidity
The Hague dealer Ivo Bouwman told us that he values the Van Gogh at around €1.5m
but of course this is its open market valuation and it cannot be sold legitimately
The thieves may try to use it as “currency” in the underworld
although its value would be well under a tenth of what it would fetch on the open market
We understand that the loan was not covered by Dutch government indemnity, so it is likely to be commercially insured (although neither museum is commenting on this). A reward for information leading to a recovery may well be announced shortly. Anyone with information should contact the Netherlands police
the possibility of an immediate recovery has now passed
but most major stolen works of art do eventually surface
Vincent van Gogh’s View of the Sea at Scheveningen (1882) and Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen (1884-85) on display at the Van Gogh Museum
after their recovery and conservation Courtesy of the Van Gogh Museum
The Netherlands has faced a disastrous series of Van Gogh thefts in recent decades:
• In 1988 Vase with Carnations (1886) was stolen from Amsterdam’s Stedelijk Museum
• Later in 1988 three major paintings were seized from the Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo: Loom with Weaver (1884)
the oil sketch of The Potato Eaters (1885) and Four Sunflowers Gone to Seed (1887)
• In 1990 three Van Goghs were stolen from the Noordbrabants Museum in Den Bosch: Watermill at Gennep (1884)
Sitting peasant Woman (1885) and Peasant Woman Digging (1885)
• In 1991 thieves stole 20 paintings from the Van Gogh Museum
This was probably the most serious art theft since the Second World War (arguably a greater haul than that seized from Boston’s Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum the previous year)
Fortunately all the Van Goghs were quickly recovered from an abandoned getaway vehicle
• In 1999 The Willow (1885) was stolen from the office of the Van Lanschot bank in Den Bosch
• In 2002 two paintings were stolen from the Van Gogh Museum
View of the Sea at Scheveningen (1882) and Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen (1884-85)
were eventually recovered should offer hope that The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring will eventually return to its home in Groningen
• Plans are being drawn upon to designate part of the southern Netherlands as the Van Gogh National Park
and include the villages where Van Gogh once lived: Zundert
with Van Gogh’s Self-portrait (March-June 1887) © Brass Band Nuenen archive and Van Gogh Museum
In 1884 Vincent van Gogh helped set up a band in the village of Nuenen
where he was living with his family and developing his skills as an artist
His name has been discovered among the 68 honorary members who established the musical group known as Harmonie de Vooruitgang (Harmony of Progress)
which would sometimes march through the village streets
gave their first performance at a golden wedding celebration in March 1885
Register of honorary members of the Harmony of Progress band
It is now very rare to uncover fresh documentary evidence about the artist’s life, but the 1885 record of the band’s first honorary members lists “V. van Gogh” as number 64. The discovery was made by Arie van Kuijk
Van Kuijk found the register in the band’s archive
which is housed in the Catholic rectory of Nuenen
now almost a suburb of the city of Eindhoven in the south of the Netherlands
He was astonished to come across the name since so many colleagues had advised that “there is no point in looking for Vincent in the band’s archive because it has been properly checked”
The discovery of the register is significant because it suggests that the image we have of Van Gogh as “an outsider” in Nuenen may be something of a myth
honorary members of the band were supposed to be “reasonably well-to-do and of impeccable behaviour”
putting him “in the upper echelon of Nuenen society”
Honorary band members were obliged to make financial contributions twice a year
relying on an allowance from his brother Theo
Ton de Brouwer, a distinguished expert on Van Gogh’s Nuenen period who helped establish the local Vincentre visitor centre
believes that the artist was probably nominated for membership by Johannes Schafrat
Although Van Gogh apparently never played in the band
during his Nuenen period he did take piano lessons from Hein van der Zande
Vincent was “was always comparing painting with music
and so as to get a better understanding of the gradation of tones
he started to take piano lessons with an old music teacher”
But Vincent did not prove to be a good student
As Kerssemakers added: “During the lessons Van Gogh kept comparing the notes of the piano with Prussian blue and dark green or dark ochre to bright cadmium
and so the poor man thought he must be dealing with a madman and became so afraid of him that he stopped the lessons.”
Three years later Vincent mentioned his efforts in a letter to Theo
saying that in Nuenen he had “made a vain attempt to learn music”
since he strongly felt the connection between the colours in his paintings “and Wagner’s music”
A few years later he wrote to his sister Wil that “one can speak poetry just by arranging colours well
just as one can say comforting things in music”
Vincent always regretted his lack of success in music: “Someone who can really play the violin or piano is
He picks up his violin and starts to play
and a whole gathering enjoys it all evening long
The band which Van Gogh helped establish in 1885 still survives, now renamed (and with its title in English) Brass Band Nuenen
Van Kuijk has been their bass trombonist for 44 years
blog8 October 2021Van Gogh’s Potato Eaters: Mistake or Masterpiece?Amsterdam museum opens exhibition on Vincent’s early painting of a peasant family gathered for a meal
Photo from Heijmans
On Wednesday evening in the Dutch town of Nuenen, a bike path glowed in the twilight. It wasn’t the result of a kid’s birthday party or nuclear accident, though. The path is the first step toward a long-sought goal of illuminating roads and highways with solar-powered materials
The path is coated in photoluminescent paint that’s also embedded with small LEDs powered by nearby solar panels
The path essentially charges all day so that it can glow during the night
and it also has backup power in case it’s overcast
Roosegaarde told Dezeen that the special illumination of the path is “more gentle to the eye and surrounding nature,” and creates a “connection with cultural history.” He also noted, “It’s a new total system that is self-sufficient and practical, and just incredibly poetic.”
both works have been recovered by police and are on view to the public
So how did View of the Sea at Scheveningen (1882) and Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen (1884–85) get nabbed in the first place
How did they end up in a mafia safehouse in Italy
And what did one of the thieves reveal in a new tell-all documentary
It happened in just three minutes and 40 seconds, the New York Times reported
Octave Durham and Henk Bieslijn used a ladder to scale the side of the Van Gogh Museum
and took two nearby paintings from the gallery they had entered
created before van Gogh had arrived at his signature style
One was a seascape from the artist’s time spent in the Hague
as the artist had primarily devoted himself to drawing up until that time
depicting the church where the artist’s father was a pastor
was meant to be a gift for van Gogh’s mother
Given that these paintings had never hit the open market, their value remains difficult to ascertain. One estimate, made at the time of the theft by the museum’s then-managing director, put the pair at a combined $4 million
One of the mysteries following the original heist surrounded the decision to take these particular paintings. Some burglars—like the notorious “Spider-Man” thief who was sentenced last month—consider themselves connoisseurs
But in a new documentary focusing on Durham that aired on Dutch TV the same day the van Gogh paintings went on view
the thief said he simply took the two works because they were the smallest in the room
As the pair escaped by rappelling down a rope out of a museum window
Durham hit the ground with such force that he damaged a corner of View of the Sea at Scheveningen
Visitors to the Van Gogh Museum today can see the damage to the work (both are displayed sans-frame
and will be restored following the conclusion of their exhibition on May 14th)
Durham monitored the responding officers on a police scanner
and was able to get away by taking off his ski mask before he drove by them
“It’s the worst thing that can happen to any museum that a property is stolen, but for any museum it’s a risk,” former museum director John Leighton said of the the thefts
which occurred just one year before the institution celebrated the artist’s 150th birthday
Durham and Bieslijn began work to sell the paintings
Selling looted art is notoriously difficult
given that it can’t appear on the open market
one person to whom Durham tried to sell the painting was shot and murdered on the day of the arranged sale
in a killing unrelated to the works of art
was identified for reportedly paying €350,000 for the paintings in March of 2003
He sent the works to Italy shortly after purchasing them
while Durham and his accomplice blew through the profits in six weeks
The thieves’ extravagant spending tipped off police who were already on their trail
he escaped by climbing up the side of his building; in the process he earned the nickname “the Monkey.” In December of 2003
cops caught up with Durham at a Spanish resort town and matched his DNA with that of a baseball cap left behind at the museum
Restorer Kathrin Pilz researches Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen under the microscope
and never revealed the whereabouts of the van Gogh paintings
then sent back to prison for a failed bank robbery
Durham was required to pay the museum €350,000 for the paintings
(Durham managed to cough up under a fifth of what he owed.) He approached the Van Gogh Museum in 2013 about helping to find the works
but they broke off talks after it appeared that Durham wanted compensation for assisting in recovery efforts
why the museum takes umbrage with the spotlight the documentary shines on Durham
who is now freed from the burden of his crime
The film’s creator Vincent Verweij said that Durham has not been paid and even confessed to the crime via text
Rüger told the Times that “the museum is the victim in this case
and I would expect very different behavior from someone who shows remorse.”
Even as the FBI listed the theft as one of its “Top Ten Art Crimes,” the works remained missing for years
Then Imperiale found himself in some legal hot water
He has avoided some 20 years of prison time requested by Italian prosecutors for a myriad of crimes
Marra told the Times that investigators had already been looking into rumors that he possessed the works (the letter did nothing by way of currying favor or reducing the sentence)
Italian police raided the house of Imperiale’s mother as part of an investigation into the cocaine-trafficking Amato Pagano clan of the Camorra Mafia family
They confiscated some $20 million in assets
hidden between two walls and wrapped in cloth
missing frames but otherwise in good condition
Police in the Netherlands credited their Italian counterparts with recovering the works
and the pieces went on view for three weeks at the National Museum of Capodimonte in Naples
Axel Rüger (Director of the Van Gogh Museum) next to the paintings during the conference in Naples on February 6
Durham and his accomplice stole works that remained hidden from view for 14 years
“The homecoming of the recovered paintings means that our collection is once again complete,” he said as he unveiled the works
“And we can close the door on this particularly painful period in our history.”
An x-ray of one of Vincent van Gogh’s landscapes has shown how the artist covered up a painting of his father’s graveyard to create his new work
the first Van Gogh to be acquired by a Dutch museum
was x-rayed as part of a £20,000 restoration project to stop paint flaking
Hidden beneath the scene of two women walking along a tree-lined avenue is Van Gogh’s study of Nuenen’s old church tower and the cemetery where Theodorus van Gogh
The old church tower and cemetery in Nuenen where Theodorus van Gogh had recently been buriedThe artist is thought to have painted the underlying image in 1884, before his father’s unexpected death in March 1885. Van Gogh then painted the new landscape over the top in October 1885
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Vincent van Gogh’s birthday was celebrated in an unusual way this year
his painting Parsonage Garden at Neunen in Spring was stolen from a Dutch museum which had been closed due to the coronavirus pandemic
Van Gogh’s stolen work Parsonage Garden at Neunen in Spring
The painting was stolen from the Singer Laren museum
The painting was seized from the Singer Laren museum in Laren
a town approximately 30 minutes away from the southeastern side of Amsterdam
In an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19
They have put a stop to their exhibition titled “Mirror of the Soul” which showcased over 70 masterpieces from 19th century Holland
The thieves smashed the museum’s front glass door at around 3 am and took The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring
the police did not arrive in time to catch the thieves
Art detectives and investigators have started their investigation but have yet to find out if the thieves took other works from the museum
the van Gogh painting that was stolen on the artist's 167th birthday is priced at approximately €6m
The thieves broke in through the museum’s front door
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) started painting at the age of 27 but passed away when he was 37
All of his works were created in merely 10 years
a small village in the North Brabant district of the Netherlands
Van Gogh's paintings were not popular in his lifetime
Although an art gallery from Paris showed interest in his works
they did not proceed to purchase his paintings or hold exhibitions for him
Van Gogh blamed his younger brother Theo for not promoting his paintings
Theo paid no attention to van Gogh’s criticism
He instead dispraised van Gogh’s work by saying that his use of colours was too dark compared to popular Impressionist works at that time
Little did people know- van Gogh's unique Nuenen paintings are now some of the most sought-after works.
the stolen painting measures at 25 x 57cm and was painted in Nuenen
The work’s gloomy colours form a stark contrast with van Gogh’s later paintings which are bright and colourful
The paintings below are two of his Nuenen period works which were sold respectively at Christie’s New York and Sotheby’s London for US$1.92m and £1.09m
Editor’s note: Another van Gogh painting from the Nuenen period sold for only £4 when it first appeared in the market. It recently sold for €15m at the TEFAF Maastricht art fair. For more details, please read: “A Van Gogh Painting That Sold for £4 at a Farm Sale Is Now Worth €15m”.
Oude Toren bij Zonsondergang from van Gogh’s Nuenen period
sold for US$1.92m at Christie’s New York in 2014
Peasant Woman Seated from van Gogh’s Nuenen period
sold for £1.09m at Sotheby’s London in 2020
Another van Gogh painting from the Nuenen period sold for only £4 when it first appeared in the market
It recently sold for €15m at the TEFAF Maastricht art fair
Van Gogh created many works in Nuenen but it is perhaps one of the darkest periods in his life
He fell in love with a neighbour’s daughter but due to the opposition from their parents they did not end up together
The girl committed suicide but survived after being rushed to the hospital by van Gogh
Van Gogh’s father also died of a heart attack during his time in Nuenen
The artist then left Nuenen and moved to Belgium and then France
Van Gogh’s Nuenen period paintings have always been popular with art thieves
two of the artist's paintings were stolen from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam
One of which was Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen
Van Gogh created the painting in 1884 for his mother while she was confined to her house with a broken leg
featuring his father's small church as the subject
the artist’s father passed away so he made alterations to the painting- the congregation changed into mourning clothes and leaves fell from trees
the Italian government recovered the painting from Naples and sent it back to the Van Gogh museum
The stolen painting today is believed to be a painting of van Gogh's father's vicarage garden
Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen was stolen and recovered
The Singer Laren museum showcases the collection of American artist William Henry Singer (1868-1943) and his wife
seven statues were stolen from the museum’s garden
including Auguste Rodin’s (1840-1917) The Thinker
The statue was found a few days later but was seriously damaged
The looted van Gogh work does not belong to the Singer Laren collection
It is a loan from the Groninger Museum and their only van Gogh piece
The museum director said he was “incredibly pissed off” and will do everything in his power to recover the painting
We will keep you updated with the latest information
The portrait ‘Gordina de Groot’
from the Nuenen period by Vincent van Gogh
The painting is temporarily hanging in the Noordbrabants Museum in Den Bosch
“It’s nice to have her back home”
De Groot was the model for the work ‘Kop van een vrouw’ (‘head of a woman’) by the famous painter
the canvas can now be seen by the general public again
The work was privately owned for a long time
In 2023 it was transferred from a banker from The Hague to a British art collector
The new owner is now temporarily loaning it to the Den Bosch museum
Curator Helewise Berger cannot believe her luck now that the masterpiece from Van Gogh’s Brabant period is in the museum
“It is an incredibly special painting and we are proud to be able to show it here
In the painting you see the Nuenen woman Gordina de Groot
“Gordina was a farmer’s daughter and you clearly see how hard life on the land was.”
you can also see her in Van Gogh’s masterpiece ‘De aardappeleters’ (the potato eaters)
We know her name because Van Gogh mentioned her in a letter from Paris
Van Gogh painted a whole series of studies of farmers’ faces in Nuenen
These fascinated the painter because of the contrast with the faces that remained partly in the shadows
“Those female heads you see here with the white hats – it is difficult – but it is so eternally beautiful –,” Van Gogh wrote
The Noordbrabants Museum actually wanted to buy the painting
“We thought that was a shame and we took our courage and went to the owner in London”
“We asked if the canvas could be taken to Brabant and he agreed”
but we can now borrow it from him for six months
We are extremely grateful to him for that”
“It’s great that we now have Gordina in the museum
“This is really one of Van Gogh’s works where you actually see him yourself
For more information: Het Noordbrabants Museum
The municipal council of Geldrop-Mierlo has unanimously instructed the board to do everything possible to prevent the implementation of the plans for a large-scale distribution centre at Eeneind-West in the municipality of Nuenen
That is why the municipality of Geldrop-Mierlo is currently preparing a statement of opinion
with which the construction of this distribution centre should be prevented
Alderman Frans Stravers: “With the arrival of these enormous distribution halls on the edge of our municipality
we expect a huge increase in traffic in our municipality with all its consequences
“Now that the draft decision is available for inspection
we can still submit our views until 4 August
Certainly the residents who live on the route between Eeneind-West in Nuenen and the entrance to the A67 at Bogardeind
They will clearly experience the consequences of the construction of these centres.”
The draft decision on the realisation of the Eeneind-West Distribution Centre can be found on the website of the municipality of Nuenen
Due to the expansion of the Van Gogh Village Museum in Nuenen
‘Van Gogh achterna’ (‘chasing Van Gogh’) focuses on the works of Henri van der Waals
Van der Waals (1904-1994) fell under the spell of Vincent van Gogh at the art academy in Antwerp
There he stayed for a long time in the old parsonage with the Hofkes family and worked in and around Van Gogh’s former studio
This is also reflected in Van der Waals’ work
In his drawings and paintings you recognise Van Gogh’s themes and style: people working in the fields
Van der Waals preferred to make figurative and realistic work
The temporary exhibition in the Van Gogh Village Museum will be officially opened on Wednesday
The first three months after the renovated Van Gogh Village Museum in Nuenen opened have proved to be successful
the museum achieves a higher score than predicted
Current analysis shows that visitors rate the museum 9+ out of 10
The satisfaction analysis that is currently done shows that two thirds of the visitors agree that Van Gogh Village Museum Nuenen succeeds in showing the story behind the master
which creates a renewed interest in his works
has seemingly managed to achieve what it set out to do
director of the Van Gogh Village foundation
is happy with the cooperation between the museum and ASML: “The Light Lab explains what light is
and how Van Gogh used light and colour in his works”
The plans for the renovation and enlargement of the museum took into account the ever growing interest in Van Gogh and his life
Director Simone van der Heiden saw many visitors from Nuenen and the region
vistors tend to be mainly holiday makers who find their way to the new museum
These tourists come from the netherlands but alsoas well as from further afield”
Over 90 per cent of the museum visors combine their tour with a visit to Nuenen village to see the Van Gogh monuments
Van der Heiden is happy that restaurants and shops also benefit from the influx of visitors
The satisfaction analysis also shows that visitors are enthusiastic about the new film ‘Becoming Vincent’ as well as the reconstruction of the potato eaters’ cottage
Visitors can sit down inside the potato eaters’ room
The Vincent van Gogh painting stolen from the Singer Laren museum in 2020 was damaged during the theft, but nut irreparably, said art restorer Marjan de Visser. The painting was recovered last year when a man delivered it to art detective Arthur Brand one evening
It was shown to reporters during a media event a the Boijmans van Beuningen Depot in Rotterdam on Wednesday
known in Dutch as De Lentetuin and in English as The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen in Spring
will be further studied to determine the necessary repairs and restorations following the theft
De Visser said the top left corner likely broke when it was bumped against something
the painting developed several deep scratches that broke through all layers of paint
The experts who studied the painting said they believe all of the damage can be repaired
"It's not too bad for us," said Andreas Blühm from the Groninger Museum
The painting is expected to be put on display at his museum from March 29
four years after it was stolen off the Singer Laren museum wall during the early months of the coronavirus pandemic
fans of the artwork can view it later this month while it undergoes restoration at the Boijmans van Beuningen Depot
The 1884 painting was on loan from the Groninger Museum to the Singer Laren when it was stolen in a smash-and-grab on March 30, 2020. During the first coronavirus lockdown, a man entered the Singer at night, smashed the glass doors with a sledgehammer, and walked out with the multi-million euro work tucked under his arm
The Van Gogh painting was recovered in September 2023
Blühm said he was delighted to get the work back
It is slightly damaged but repairable,” he said at the time
This is not the only painting from Van Gogh’s time in Nuenen to make the news this week. The painting Tête de paysanne à la coiffe blanche, known in English as Head of an old farmer’s wife with a white hat, will be on sale at the Tefaf art fair in Maastricht next month.
© 2012-2025, NL Times, All rights reserved.
2023 A detail from the stolen painting.A painting by Vincent van Gogh that was stolen from a museum three years ago has been recovered after an intervention by ‘art detective’ Arthur Brand
one of Van Gogh’s early works dating from 1884
was taken from the Singer Museum in Laren in March 2020
At the time it was on loan from the Groninger Museum
was sentenced to eight years in jail after he was traced using DNA evidence and charged with stealing two paintings worth €17 million
broke into the Museum Hofje van Mevrouw van Aerden in Leerdam and made off with a Frans Hals painting
said he was delighted the Van Gogh had been returned
“For the last few years I wondered if I’d ever see it
Thankfully I was informed just before it was returned
Blühm said the painting was in reasonably good condition
“I could see immediately that it was genuine
Brand told the Telegraaf he had obtained the stolen painting through a contact in the underworld
“I was always confident the work would be returned,” he said
“The last few weeks have been nerve-wracking
Brand said he was was sent a text by a man who claimed to have access to the work
who arranged a rendez-vous under cover of darkness in Amsterdam
Two days later he appeared on Brand’s doorstep with the painting in an Ikea bag
Brand said an earlier attempt to secure the return of the painting two years ago failed when secret talks with an Amersfoort-based drugs gang broke down
But he was always confident that the work would be returned
“It was a headache not just for the police and justice department
but for those involved in the criminal circuit,” he said
“The Van Gogh was just too hot.”
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the renovated Van Gogh Village museum in Nuenen is attracting a lot of attention
People come from far and wide to view the life of the Brabant master painter
Also Nuenen residents see a whole new museum which brings out
The former Vincentre has been expanded with an exhibition space and a new wing
and this has not gone unnoticed by visitors
“We are from Amsterdam ourselves and today is a day with bad weather anyway
Vincent van Gogh’s art has stolen my heart and here in Nuenen
you see that emphatically reflected”
“I am originally from Australia and am now in the Netherlands for two months
My parents are Dutch and I therefore want to get to know better where my roots lie”
I hadn’t been there yet after the renovation,” a man says
It just looks like the old Van Gogh museum no longer exists
especially the Light Lab created in collaboration with ASML
I have read that you need at least three hours to read and see everything
so this does invite you to come back,” said the volunteer
She was sixteen when Eunice van Ekert from Nuenen won the world-famous modelling competition Elite Model Look
She beat 850 other candidates and suddenly her life was completely turned upside down
her suitcase is ready for international assignments in Europe and New York as a curvy model
The competition is organised annually by world-renowned modelling agency Elite Models
Gisele Bünchen and Naomi Campell were previously discovered by Elite
“It was an experience to remember,” Eunice looks back
but I was still very young and there was an awful lot coming at me.”
The world of catwalks and photo shoots is hard work and the utmost is demanded of a model
only to be rejected because her measurements did not meet the impossibly high demands made life hard for Eunice
It was tough to meet the extremely high beauty standards
“I am predisposed to be a bit wider,” she explains
“I wanted to get a clear idea of where wanted my career to take me
After talking to my inner circle and my sports coach I decided to change tack and to register as a curvy model
I do have hips and breasts and let’s be honest
I also want other boys and girls to see that
Eunice is now on the books of modelling agencies in The Netherlands
“I built a strong portfolio here and take this to clients abroad
I hope I will soon get a phonecall for my first international assignment”
Her 38/40 size reflects the average western woman seamlessly
She will continue to make informed choices in diet and exercise to stay in shape
“Don’t think a curvy model can eat whatever she likes
for it is vital to have healthy skin and to feel good
For me this feels much more natural and feminine
Translated by: Shanthi Ramani and Greta Timmers
Mayor Maarten Houben will take off his chain of office in February after twelve years
The Mayor of Nuenen himself wanted to continue
News that hit home hard in the Houben household
“He was really upset that evening”
Then you are speechless for a while”
Floor says in conversation with LON (local Nuenen broadcaster)
Her father was clearly devastated by the news
because his time as mayor was a turbulent period
but the corona crisis also had a big impact
“Corona was an absolute low point for many people
Those who became ill or died because of it
Companies that have gone bankrupt or are still having a very difficult time
because governance is something you do with all 24,000 residents”
The village near Eindhoven has undergone a change under his leadership
“The advice to the provincial government at the time was to immediately dissolve Nuenen and to merge with another municipality
The village has now absolutely developed into a mature regional player”
His time as Mayor of Nuenen will come to an end in February
Houben then passes the chain of office to a temporary
Two Van Gogh masterpieces stolen in Amsterdam in 2002 and recovered last year in Italy will be on show in Naples from Tuesday until February 26
A specialist takes the temperature of ‘Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen’ by late Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh.(AFP/Carlo Hermann) The brief exhibition at the Capodimonte Museum has been organised as a thank you to the southern city for the local police’s role in tracking down the two small but hugely valuable and historically significant oil paintings
The works had gone unheard of from the time they were stolen in a daring raid on the Van Gogh Museum until they turned up last year at the house of a notorious mafia boss
The 1882 ‘Seascape at Scheveningen ‘and the 1884/5 ‘Congregation leaving the Reformed Church at Nuenen’ were among the Dutch master’s first oil paintings and
are of enormous interest to art historians
How exactly the paintings ended up in Italy remains a mystery
They were found in September during a raid on a property belonging to fugitive mobster Raffaele Imperiale
The area is a notorious hotspot for the nefarious activities of the Neapolitan mafia
The paintings were stolen in December 2002 with the thieves using a rope to get in and out of the heavily fortified building after getting on to the roof by ladder
a general with Italy’s financial and customs police
said the theft had ranked on the FBI’s top ten of art crimes
“More than ever we are seeing art works being used by criminals either as safe haven investments or as a way of making payments or guaranteeing deals between organised criminal groups,” he said at the unveiling of the two paintings on Monday
Follow @htlifeandstyle for more
36 percent of drug suspects between 2012 and 2020 also had a family member suspected of a drug offense
The highest percentage of “drug crime families” don’t occur in the Randstad
but in smaller towns and villages like Nuenen
Historian and crime researcher Hans Moors finds that logical
you see that the family continues to live together
They form a larger share of the population
so you see more family connections,’ he said to RTL
Criminal family ties are most common under the rivers - of the 20 municipalities with the highest percentages
Over 5,500 drug suspects with a family member also tied to drug crimes live in the province
A light installation inspired by Van Gogh’s sunflowers was a popular feature of Eindhoven’s Glow festival in 2019
This year the sunflowers will make a comeback – this time in Nuenen
where Van Gogh painted some of his most famous works more than a hundred years ago
The sunflowers will go on display next to the Roosdonck windmill
The windmill lies close to the De Groot family’s farm
The family formed the inspiration for Van Gogh’s famous ‘De Aardappeleters’ (‘The Potato Eaters’)
The display is part of an initiative by Nuenen Council
an organisation preserving Van Gogh’s heritage
They state that the intention is to bring a ‘colourful homage’ to Van Gogh to the area
The sunflower display was designed by light artists Hugo Vrijdag from Eindhoven
It was originally created for the 2019 edition of Glow
where they adorned the stairs outside the Witte Dame building
Source: Studio040
Anna van der Linden from Nuenen won ‘The voice of PSV’ in the Philips Stadium on Saturday
the 17-year-old had to sing her version of the club song at the edge of the field
Van der Linden did this so well that the jury chose her over nine other candidates
she can play the lead role in a TV commercial from energiedirect.nl
who is also the organizer of the competition
“I have been a fan for years and this year I have a season ticket for the first time
After a match my brother pointed me to the auditors for ‘The voice of PSV’ in the supporters home
I am taking singing lessons and that is why he thought I should really participate
I never expected that I would win,” says Van der Linden
the girl from Nuenen may also perform on the PSV fan square prior to the match against Ajax
Source: Studio040
Kaylee from Nuenen won a sum of €100,000 in the VriendenLoterij draw
The single mother of a baby daughter received the check from the hands of VriendenLoterij ambassador Wolter Kroes
“There are a number of wishes I can now make come true
I would like to take my child to an amusement park and take a nice trip
Participants who buy a ticket in the VriendenLoterij have a chance to win more than two hundred thousand prizes every month
They also choose a good cause that touches them
At least forty per cent of their lottery ticket prize is contributed to the preservation of cultural heritage and the welfare of people
Burglars are targeting houses in the centre of Nuenen
Especially the early evening is a popular time to strike
reports a neighbourhood police officer on X
two young men tried to break into a house on Jacob Catsstraat
A glance at the police website shows that fourteen burglaries have already occurred in Nuenen since the beginning of December
There were also two attempted burglaries in that period
It happened most often in postcode area 5671
A police spokesman says the number of burglaries in Nuenen is indeed striking
he also says that December is a popular month for burglars to strike anyway
it is not clear what the reason for the high number of burglaries in Nuenen is and whether
the police say they are carrying out extra checks and surveillance in the village
There are no indications that the perpetrators are after specific items
The police are asking people who saw anything striking in Jacob Catsstraat between 6pm and 7pm on Sunday to report it
They are also looking for camera footage from that area
The perpetrators might have been caught on camera
The innovative Van Gogh Village Museum in Nuenen has reopened
The story of the famous painter during the period he lived in Nuenen has a new look
The museum was closed for six months because of the renovation
Next Thursday the first visitors can come and take a look
The museum has grown 2.5 times in size and because of this we have also been able to expand the collection”
director of the Van Gogh Brabant Foundation
“It’s great to be open again and explain to everyone the Nuenen period of Vincent van Gogh
You actually get to know him as a person and why he made all those paintings”
The renovation is immediately apparent when you enter
It looks like you’re stepping into the old town hall
it’s really the Van Gogh Village Museum
“The museum can be divided into a number of sections
you first enter his studio in Nuenen where he painted his first works
Then you move on to his masterpiece the ‘Aardappeleters (potato eaters)’
We have arranged it so that you can actually take a seat at the table at which the aardappeleters also sat”
“Then I haven’t mentioned the light lab we created together with chip machine manufacturer ASML
we show visitors how Vincent van Gogh dealt with colours in his work so you can apply this yourself”
Through international cooperation in a brand new museum
the Van Gogh Village Museum aims to attract not only people from Nuenen
“ASML has contacts all over the world and can share the story of Van Gogh globally
This also contributes to familiarity”
Van der Heiden: “Vincent van Gogh is an icon in the region and is known throughout the world
There is no place on earth where you can see so much of him
The cooperation with ASML shows that we can strengthen each other here in the region in order to add something to this region that we can be proud of”
Queen Máxima will festively open the museum in a month’s time
Last weekend the people of Nuenen had a sneak preview of the ‘Aardappeleters’ (potato eaters) by Van Gogh
made by artist Peter Nagelkerke from Eindhoven
stood on the terrace of restaurant ‘De Zonnewende’ which is located next to the park
The artist himself was delighted with the turnout and people’s reactions: "The feedback of the visitors is mainly positive
This appreciation feels nice I have to admit
after all the fuss lately," says Nagelkerke
the artist noticed that the people who have expressed negative views on his work
"With that behaviour they are entrenching themselves even more and more," he said
created especially for the "Van Gogh Year" increased the talk of the town the past few months
but also the location is not accepted by everyone in Nuenen
The plan is however that the work will get a spot in the park in the heart of Nuenen at the end of September
Nagelkerke and other officials hope that the discussion around the work will now reduce and that there will be greater mutual understanding
Source: Studio040