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nothing distinguishes this typical two-story stone building on the outskirts of the southern Polish city of Bedzin
its reputation has spread by word of mouth among tour guides and youth delegation groups traveling to Poland
Thousands of Israeli teenagers have already visited
Forever scarred by years of German occupation
innocent boys and girls in the Polish city of Będzin saw a world of violence
A new exhibit curated by Northern Arizona University undergraduates that tells the story of young people in Będzin before
during and after the Holocaust will open Sept
we often encounter survivors as people who could be our grandparents but most of them were teenagers when they experienced the Holocaust,” said Björn Krondorfer
director of NAU’s Martin-Springer Institute
we focus on the struggle of young people; we hope that our audiences
The exhibit, titled “Through the Eyes of Youth: Life and Death in the Będzin Ghetto,” is the result of a three-semester undergraduate research project offered by the Martin-Springer Institute
Under the faculty mentorship of Krondorfer and Martin Kalb
12 students from various backgrounds and academic disciplines conducted historical research
created the narratives and proposed the initial design
the exhibit shares the struggles of the youth in Będzin who grew up amid tragedy while still trying to find small joys in life
The students chose to focus on stories of the youth in hopes of resonating with a young audience in a memorable way
Będzin is the former home of Holocaust survivor Doris Martin
who founded the institute at NAU with her husband Ralph Martin in 2000
“We thought that creating an undergraduate research project on this ghetto would honor her
and our students would learn the true meaning of the Holocaust through a case study,” Krondorfer said
The exhibit is divided into four major time periods and follows seven young people from prewar life to harsh living conditions in the ghetto to deportations to Auschwitz and finally
who the students interviewed during the project
four of the students traveled to Washington
for a paid internship in the summer of 2013 at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum to conduct additional research and gather resources for the exhibit
An opening reception for the public is scheduled for 4:30 to 5:30 p.m
The exhibit will be open to the public from 8 a.m
Monday through Friday and will be on display through Dec
the exhibit will travel throughout Arizona to continue sharing the personal stories of the seven young people
The exhibit is designed for display at schools
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„It seems that I am writing for the last time”
I am not allowed to go out and I am going crazy at home
The city is waiting with bated breath
and waiting is the worst thing of all
I am trying to push these thoughts of tomorrow out of my mind..
If you could say: you die only once..
because in spite of all these atrocities
a fourteen-year-old resident of Będzin
whose diary hidden under the floor was found after the war
Rutka was mistaken only a little bit: the Germans began the final liquidation of the ghetto a few months later
The last 12 thousand Jews from Bedzin
including Rutka with her mother and brother
were transferred to the then KL Auschwitz and murdered there
About 2 thousand Jews were shot dead on the city streets.25th August will mark the 70th anniversary of the liquidation of the Bedzin Ghetto
The Jewish settlement in Bedzin dates back to the Middle Ages
social and political heyday of the Jews from Bedzin takes place in the late nineteenth century
they constitute almost 80% of the city’s population
Even through during the interwar period their number continues to increase
the proportion are changing rapidly: in 1931
less than every second citizen of the city consisting of 48,000 people is a Jew
A year preceding the war in Bedzin lived almost 23,000 people.
German troops occupied Bedzin on the fourth day of the war
Terror immediately broke out on the streets
On 9th September the Germans set the synagogue on fire at the time of the service
The Jews who were running away from the fire
That same night 30 random residents were arrested
The next they they were shot dead having been accusing of setting the synagogue on fire
Since the beginning of the occupation
the Jews living in the area of the center of Bedzin were being resettled to outlying districts
the boundaries of the ghetto were not marked until October 1942
All Jews were to live in two poor neighbourhoods: Kamionka and Mała Środula
guarded by the Jewish police was never surrounded by a wall or fence
the Germans began mass deportations of the Jews in Bedzin to Auschwitz
The largest deportation took place on 12th August of the same year: all Jewish people were gathered at the city’s two football pitches and after selection which lasted several hours over five thousand people able to work were sent to their deaths
considered to be useful for the German industry
was to be sent to a labor camp
But she managed to escape by jumping from the first floor of the barrack in which she was waiting for the transport
„I have surely seen enough misery that even a pen cannot describe
Young children lying on the grass wet from the rain
[...] I saw myself when a soldier snatched a several-month-old baby from its mother’s hands and with all his strength
I am writing about it as if nothing had happened
as if I were some experienced military person accustomed to atrocity
you can go crazy if you remember it all”
the Germans began the final liquidation of the Bedzin Ghetto
because they encountered armed resistance of the Jewish Fighting Organization
operating in the area of the Bedzin and Sosnowiec Ghettos
The organisation was established in mid-1942
residing at the time in Zagłębie
persuaded former officer Józef Kozuch to transform his vocational training courses into self-defence groups
Among the initiators of the uprising were also: Józef’s brother
a member of the commanding team of the Jewish Fighting Organization
all Jewish fighters participating in it were killed
Future generations may repeat the mistakes of their predecessors if the victims of totalitarianism are not sufficiently memorialized
That is why we created in Bedzin a sundial
and open-air spectacle „Bedzin 2013–1943” to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the tragedy of the Bedzin Ghetto
This is the reason why we wish to invite everyone to this memorable ceremony
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I was one of the organizers and leaders of a group of more than 200 Jews from the US
and Sweden who had come to southern Poland to explore our common roots in the region known as Zaglembie (in Polish
The trip was sponsored by the Israel-based Zaglembie World Organization
in cooperation with the World Jewish Congress
located between the town of Czeladź and my father’s adjacent hometown of Będzin
It is one of the best-preserved Jewish cemeteries in Poland
thanks to the Czeladź municipality and the efforts and generosity of a survivor from Czeladź
my father’s mother who died in the 1919 flu epidemic when my father was eight years old
I found myself walking anxiously through rows and rows of tombstones
I knew that my grandmother’s tombstone had survived World War II intact
a friend of my father’s was here and photographed it
I was told that it is near the front of the cemetery
but the coordinates I had been given turned out to be inaccurate
A different name was on the stone in the location where my grandmother’s grave was supposed to be – someone else was lying in that spot
One of the main reasons for my going on this trip was to say Kaddish at my grandmother’s grave
I hadn’t realized how much this meant to me until it looked like it might not happen
How could I tell my father that I couldn’t find his mother’s grave
My father had died more than 42 years earlier
I had the overwhelming feeling that I could not – must not – disappoint him
I imagined my father shaking his head and saying to me
“There was only one thing I wanted you to do on this trip
reading the inscriptions on the stones as I went from row to row
A candelabra with two broken candles is engraved on the gravestone
I touched the stone and realized that I was standing where my father must have stood year after year
probably until he left Będzin for the last time in 1943
I touched the stone where they had both probably touched it
Others on the trip found graves in the Czeladź cemetery
My cousin Susan found the graves of her father’s sister
who died in the same epidemic as my grandmother in 1919
Standing in front of the graves of her grandparents
took Trudy Elbaum Gottesman’s “breath away.”
Naomi Stawski-Altholz’s grandmother Chaya Sara is buried there
the survivor responsible for the preservation of this cemetery
She and her husband André are intent on continuing Stawski’s mission of maintaining the Czeladź cemetery
they have also created a website where family members of the Jews buried in the cemetery can locate their relatives’ graves and see photographs of their tombstones
without having to travel to Poland to do so
The Czeladź Jewish cemetery is only about an hour’s drive from Auschwitz
I returned with my wife Jeanie and our niece
I hope to come there again with our grandchildren
the only existing pre-Holocaust grave of any member of my family
Hallie and Jacob will in turn bring their own children there
Rosensaft is Associate Executive Vice President and General Counsel of the World Jewish Congress
He teaches about the law of genocide at the law schools of Columbia and Cornell Universities
For a Polish translation of this article click here
The joint-stock company EC Będzin is one of the oldest energy companies in Poland
as the first company in the power industry
Its main areas of activity are the generation of heat and electricity and trade in energy raw materials
Gdańsk University of Technology together with EC Będzin S.A
will develop and promote primarily SMR technologies (Small Modular Reactors)
SMR technology concerns small nuclear reactors of reduced scale compared to traditional
SMR is a modern solution in the field of nuclear energy
Small modular reactors are designed in such a way that the production of their key components takes place in factories
which allows for reducing construction costs and shortening the time of project implementation compared to traditional nuclear power plants
they can be installed in various locations
also in places where the construction of a large nuclear power plant is unprofitable or difficult to implement
for example in remote areas or industrial areas with high energy demand
The University has committed to the Company in particular to: award EC BĘDZIN S.A
the title of "Strategic Partner of the Nuclear Energy Center in the field of SMR technology"; It will also promote the development of energy technologies used in heating and power engineering
and in particular SMR technology for heating
Close cooperation is also planned in the scope of research and development tasks and projects
the need for which will become apparent during the cooperation
the Company has the right to designate four representatives in the nine-person Council of the Centre
appointed by the Rector of Gdańsk University of Technology
and the right to designate a representative of EC BĘDZIN S.A
for the position of Deputy Director of the Centre
the Company has undertaken to pay Gdańsk University of Technology a remuneration of approximately PLN 500 thousand net for each year of cooperation
On behalf of Gdańsk University of Technology the agreement was signed by Prof
Vice-President of the Management Board for Development
The agreement was signed for one year with the possibility of automatic extension
– Energy transformation in Europe and Poland is necessary
in addition to the rightful idea of moving away from fossil fuels
giving society a sense of security – said Prof
– That is why I am extremely happy about signing this agreement
I would very much like this cooperation to bring many technological solutions that will allow us to be competitive in this industry
The ceremonial commencement of cooperation took place during the scientific and technical seminar entitled "Small and medium-power nuclear reactors - an alternative to large-scale nuclear power or its supplement"
director of the Nuclear Energy Centre at Gdańsk University of Technology
gave a presentation on nuclear reactors for district heating
Waldemar Kamrat discussed the goals and scope of cooperation between the university and EC Będzin S.A
discussing the history and development of the company and its development plans for the coming years
Despite the air of despondency that hangs over the city
a Polish couple is commemorating the city’s magnificent Jewish past
2023Get email notification for articles from Ofer Aderet FollowSep 22
which came to me during the summer when I visited Bedzin
following in the footsteps of many friends and relatives who have already done so
the Deputy President of the Institute of National Remembrance opened the exhibition at Museo Memoriale della Liberta
the Institute of National Remembrance is accepting applications for the "Ambassador of Polish History" award
The uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto (19 April - 16 May 1943) was an expression of the determination of the Jewish population
which despite the lack of any hope for the success of the rebellion
fighting for their pride and a sense of dignity
The IPN Historical Research Office in Warsaw and the Branch Historical Research Office in Katowice invite you to participate in the international conference "Direction - Stalinism: A Postwar Signpost for Central and Eastern Europe." This event will take place on May 28-29
at the IPN Central History Point at 107 Marszałkowska Street in Warsaw
CALL FOR PAPERS: International scientific conference Freedom was born in Poland
“Solidarity” and opposition movements in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1980s for the 45th anniversary of creation of “Solidarity” as part of CRP “Solidarity” and Social Resistance 1956–1989”
We encourage you to read some educational materials on the subject
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good friend to many and a Holocaust survivor
Ann’s early life was difficult: Her mother died before Ann was 10 years old
her family was not well off and anti-Semitism was common in Bedzin
But her extended family was large and close-knit
and she had many happy memories of holidays and other special occasions filled with good food
establishing curfews and requiring Jews to wear yellow arm bands as identification
Ann remembered watching on a Friday evening as SS soldiers locked the doors of a synagogue filled with worshippers and burned the building to the ground
she remembered the knock on the door when they came to take her brothers to work camps
and in September of that year all Jews remaining in the town were ordered to gather in a square with their belongings
Ann and her older sister Gusti (later Wolowski) were sent on a freight train to Parschnitz
They worked there as slave laborers for a German industrialist in a mill producing thread from cotton to be used in army uniforms
Ann and Gusti were joined at the camp by their younger sister Leah
Ann and Gusti maintained a strong bond in the camp
Ann later said that she survived because she decided to be strong and to have faith
With little to eat on a Sabbath or other holiday
she would keep her spirits up by talking with others about what life would be like that day if they were home: what they would eat
how happy she would be when her father and brothers came home from services so they could all be together and sing around the table
She later said that in those days she dreamed of being free
of not being afraid of the knock on the door during the night and of having her own kitchen
Ann and Gusti were liberated by the Russian army in May 1945
Not knowing whether any other members of their family had survived
her brother Aron (later Warren) learned that they had survived and came from Germany to find them
they made their way to the displaced persons camp at Bergen Belsen
where they found their brother Chaim Warshawski (later known as John)
At Bergen Belsen she met and fell in love with Chaim’s friend Isak Federman
Aron and Isak immigrated to the United States and joined a small group of other survivors who came to Kansas City under the sponsorship of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)
They were met at Union Station by a volunteer with Jewish Family Services
which provided apartments for them to live in and helped them find jobs
Their wedding was hosted by the Jewish community
and Ann remembered a crowd of nearly 500 guests
they went on a honeymoon to Denver by Greyhound bus to visit Gusti
They returned to Kansas City in time for the Jewish High Holidays and were given a membership to Kehilath Israel Synagogue
through which they made a number of lifelong friends
In his history of the Kansas City Jewish community
Joe Schultz wrote of Ann and Isak that in the days and years after they arrived in Kansas City and were married
and with life itself.” And they continued to be
Ann rejoiced in the freedom she found in the United States
She devoted her life to the traditions she had grown up with
and participating in the life of the Kansas City Jewish community
She served as president of the Sisterhood of Kehilath Israel and continued to support the synagogue
the Midwest Center for Holocaust Education (MCHE) and a number of other organizations
no doubt because she was kind and thoughtful
But she especially loved her role as wife and mother
first to supporting his business and community pursuits
and later to taking care of his needs until his death in September 2016
who enjoyed nothing more than cooking for her children and grandchildren and celebrating holidays and special occasions with them
Arthur Federman (Diane) and Lorie Federman; five grandchildren; and eight great-grandchildren
The family thanks the staff at Village Shalom
Patricia Vidal and Kansas City Hospice for their care of Ann
the family requests contributions to the Midwest Center for Holocaust Education (mchekc.org)
KS 66211 or Kehilath Israel Synagogue (kisyn.org)
Ann’s funeral was held on Wednesday, Feb. 10, 2021. Shiva services were to be held by Zoom on Wednesday and Thursday evenings at 6 p.m. To obtain the link for shiva services, contact RegularLabs.EmailProtector.unCloak("ep_79a2eb6b");RegularLabs.EmailProtector.unCloak("ep_b6fc3d11"
Online condolences for the family may be left at www.louismemorialchapel.com
Arrangements entrusted to The Louis Memorial Chapel
A meeting of Zionist youth at the agricultural training farm in Będzin during the war
Image by Courtesy of Ghetto Fighters’ House Museum
many resistors had been members of Polish-Jewish youth groups
These movements which had promoted collectivism
and peace transformed into underground militias in the ghettos
Members had to grapple with the age-old question: fight or flight
What was the point in a few Jewish kids attacking the most powerful army on earth
In February 1943 the ghetto was gripped by cold
The bustling commune building was unusually quiet
The old buzz of Freedom’s cultural programs—language courses
seminars on the connection between the heart and the land—had vanished
an eighteen-year-old Jewish woman and an emerging warrior of the underground resistance movement
She made her way to the meeting being held around the large table on the ground floor of the headquarters where their most important planning took place
“We’ve obtained a few papers,” Hershel announced
Frumka Płotnicka with her dark eyes and furrowed brow
Frumka had joined the movement as an introverted teenager and
given her inborn seriousness and analytic thinking
she quickly became a leader in the underground
her coleader of the Będzin “troop,” was at the other end of the table
Hershel had “so much Jewish folk character in him” that he made frank conversation with anyone with shared roots
goofy smile was a soothing force countering the destruction outside; the filthy ghetto that grew emptier each day
Renia took her spot in between them at the table
She often caught herself staggered in disbelief
she’d gone from being a fifteen-year-old girl with six siblings and loving parents
not even aware of how many of her brothers and sisters were still alive or where they might be
Renia had run though fields covered in corpses
she’d fled through fields completely on her own
she’d bolted from a moving train and disguised herself as a Polish peasant girl
taking up the post of housemaid for a part-German family
She’d insisted on going to church with them as a cover
The head of the household liked her and commended her for being clean
Comrades from the pioneer training commune in Bialystock
Frumka Plotnicka is standing second from the right
Image by Courtesy of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum Photo Archive
Only when my parents died did I have to take on manual work.”
but as soon as she was able to secretly contact her sister Sarah
Sarah had arranged for Renia to be smuggled to Będzin
to this center for the Freedom youth group to which she’d belonged
Renia was now an educated girl who did laundry
The Nazis had divided conquered Poland into distinct territories
Renia had papers only for the General Government
the area that was to serve as a “racial dumping ground,” with an endless supply of slave labor—and ultimately
as a site for the mass extermination of European Jewry
She did not have papers to be in Zaglembie
her exuberant spirit and relentless optimism lighting the dark room
Hantze loved to tell the comrades how she tricked the Nazis by dressing as a Catholic woman
her face chiseled with sharp cheekbones and dark
who with Sarah cared for the ghetto’s orphaned children
“We’ve obtained a few papers,” Hershel repeated
Each one allowed a person entry into an internment camp; allowed one per- son to live
They were fake passports from allied countries where Germans were being held captive
The holders of these allied passports were to be kept by the Nazis in special camps and were intended to be exchanged for Germans in those countries—one of numerous passport schemes that they’d heard of in the past years
It took months to organize and obtain these documents
a hugely expensive and dangerous process that involved sending secretly coded letters with photos to specialist counterfeiters
This was a debate they’d been waging since earlier in the war
A few Jews with even fewer guns were not going to topple the Nazis
for a legacy of honor for future generations
“Frumka!” Hershel called from across the table
Hershel explained that a directive had come in from their revered leader in Warsaw
Frumka was to use a passport to leave Poland for The Hague
home to the UN’s Inter-national Court of Justice
She would then travel to Palestine and serve as an official witness of Nazi atrocities
almost see her sharp mind at work beneath her quiet face
“No,” Frumka declared in her firm but gentle way
But”—and here she paused—“let us strive for a heroic death.”
As if the entire building had been resuscitated
And that’s how they had their unanimous answer: defense
Judy Batalion is the author of White Walls: A Memoir About Motherhood
Her essays have appeared in the New York Times
Judy has a BA in the History of Science from Harvard
and a PhD in the History of Art from the Courtauld Institute
and has worked as a museum curator and university lecturer
she now lives in New York with her husband and three children
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A doctor examining a child in the ghetto clinic
with a nurse wearing the Jewish badge standing next to him
Marta's father decided that it was no longer safe for the children to remain in Bratislava and decided to sent them away to different families
her parents paid someone to bring her back to Bratislava
Marta's father sent her and her sister Eva to live in Nitra
and subsequently deported to Auschwitz on November 3
Marta was just ten years old when she arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau
and were reunited with their family in June
Only at the end of the war did the family find out that Marta's younger sister
The rest of her siblings and her parents survived the Holocaust
In 1948 Marta's family left Slovakia and moved to Australia
The Holocaust was not simply the unprecedented attempt to systematically annihilate the Jewish people
it also represents the total breakdown of morality and behavioral norms
Previously perceived impossible notions became a matter of public policy
This new reality affected nearly all sectors of society
The centuries-old Hippocratic Oath and all physicians’ commitment to "do no harm" to their patients began to crumble at the core
nurses and other healthcare workers were now faced with real life-and-death dilemmas in this newfound reality
the ability to justify inhumane treatment of members of society deemed "sub-human" or “anti-human” by the authorities opened up "opportunities" for experimentation with little to no care for their wellbeing or even comfort
were subjected to some of the most inhumane treatment imaginable under the cover of public interest
this period also ushered in a new reality for the Jews of Europe living under Nazi control
Many were forced to live in overcrowded and disease-infested ghettos
where starvation and death were the only constants
medicine and basic equipment forced medical professionals to face "choiceless choices" concerning on whom to expend valuable and scarce resources on a daily basis
there has been a longstanding debate in the medical community considering whether knowledge and research findings from this dark period of our shared history should be used to help improve the quality of life of people suffering from various ailments today
This controversial issue was once again thrust into the spotlight when the media reported that anatomy drawings of Dr
Eduard Pernkopf were used to help relieve the suffering of Dvir Musai
suffering from chronic pain for nearly 20 years
a unique online panel discussion on the moral dilemmas faced by both Jewish and German medical professionals during the Holocaust will take place
Entitled "Do No Harm – Medical Ethics and the Holocaust," the 90-minute panel will feature Prof
Head of Yad Vashem's International Institute for Holocaust Research
The panel will begin at 9:00pm (Israel time)/2.00pm Eastern Standard Time (EST)
and will be moderated by Yad Vashem Senior Historian Dr
when members of the public are temporarily unable to visit the Mount of Remembrance in Jerusalem
Yad Vashem is offering a vast selection of free online resources about the Holocaust
This panel is part of a new series of online lectures being launched
in which interested audiences worldwide will have the opportunity to hear from renowned Yad Vashem experts
historians and researchers on various compelling and timely topics
The Yad Vashem website had recently undergone a major upgrade
The page you are looking for has apparently been moved
We are therefore redirecting you to what we hope will be a useful landing page
For any questions/clarifications/problems, please contact: webmaster@yadvashem.org.il
Zimmerman and his Jewish family tried to keep a low profile
residing next to a slaughterhouse where screams of animals haunted him until being forced to the Będzin Ghetto
one of the many ghettos set up by Nazi Germany for Polish Jews
his family and 40 others hid in the attic for more than a week before being discovered and captured by army officers
They managed to escape captivity and fled to Budapest
only to be caught again and transported to the Sered labor camp in Slovakia
Zimmerman and his family were deported to Auschwitz
This is just one of dozens of stories to surface because of the exhibit, “Through the Eyes of Youth: Life and Death in the Będzin Ghetto,” a product of Northern Arizona University’s Martin-Springer Institute
Preserving and understanding the Holocaust in its entirety is exactly why the Martin-Springer Institute was created
and this exhibit has been a long time coming
the institute was built to raise awareness of human rights by remembering the stories of injustice
exhibits and applied research opportunities
After the Martin-Springer Institute was established
professor and director of the institute Björn Krondorfer and former professor Martin Kalb had hopes to create an exhibit that exposed the realities of the ghetto in Będzin as a way to honor Doris Martin
More than just a small showcase that people could see when they passed through Flagstaff
Krondorfer and Kalb wanted to create something with a much further reach—an exhibit that would travel the world
With the help of 12 NAU interdisciplinary students
recruited to dig through archives of Poland’s history and conduct interviews about the Holocaust
“Through the Eyes of Youth: Life and Death in the Będzin Ghetto” was born
“Conducting research was the easy part,” said NAU alumnus Justin Bigelow
who was studying to receive his bachelor’s degree in history when he was selected for the project
“Collaborating with a group of people from different backgrounds was a little more challenging.”
the exhibit that came out of the research and collaboration was worth it
“It was really rewarding to work with a group of people that cared
and I mean genuinely gave a damn about the story we were trying to tell,” he said
On Sept. 14, 2014, the exhibit was unveiled. It traveled throughout Arizona, and eventually made its way across the United States. Following its unveiling, a new team of undergraduates began converting the exhibit into digital media, a process that would take more than two years. Thanks to their efforts, glimpses into the 1940s Będzin Ghetto can now be seen online—fuzzy
black-and-white photographs depict crowds of people
some people caught candidly and others who stare blankly into the camera lens
Digitization continued as the exhibit made its way to the East Coast
while on display at a synagogue in Riverdale
Krondorfer spoke to Holocaust survivors and their descendants from Będzin and the surrounding area
Word of the exhibit reached Monika Kempara
who then worked with Krondorfer to translate the text of the exhibit into Polish and insert it into the graphic files for printing
the exhibit traveled overseas to Kempara’s hometown of Sosnowiec—a sister city of Będzin and former ghetto of the war some 80 years earlier—and was displayed along the fence of the local soccer fields
“More than just a way to honor Doris who lived as an adolescent girl in Będzin
this exhibit focuses on young people in a specific location (a mid-sized industrial town in Poland) and humanizes the impersonal number of millions of Holocaust victims,” Krondorfer said
“Creating the exhibit—and later the accompanying website—shows how young people negotiated restrictive
It offers a glimpse into their daily lives
but also shows their spirited resilience.”
the exhibit continues to grow in popularity
With it came the outpouring of stories from survivors of the Holocaust
who stepped forward to offer additional resources
information and personal contributions to the exhibit
the exhibit will be showcased in the Center of the Holocaust and Genocide located in Johannesburg
where a large group of Będzin Jews settled and where their descendants still reside
“This exhibit set a new direction in how to involve NAU students in meaningful public history and public humanities projects—projects that reach people’s hearts and minds not only on campus and in our community
“I don’t think anyone at NAU at the time thought such a global reach and expansion would be possible.”
לאהלעך –
no Moyshelekh or Shloymelekh play any more
I remember listening to this haunting song by the poet Yosef Papiernikov
It always brought and still brings tears to my eyes
because the Bendin and Sosnowce about which I had heard so much from my parents no longer exist
They vanished from this earth together with all the Moyshelekh and Shloymelekh
and of all the other towns and shetlekh throughout Zaglembie
who were so brutally murdered in the gas chambers of Birkenau
Those few hours I was in Będzin and Sosnowiec that day were among the most uncomfortable
the most unpleasant I have ever experienced
hostile places where I definitely did not belong
I had been to Auschwitz and Birkenau for the first time
where most of my family together with most of the Jews of Zaglembie perished
than in the cities where my parents were born and had lived
I have not been to Będzin or Sosnowiec since
I came to Będzin and Sosnowiec that day in 1995 with images of Bendin and Sosnowce in my mind
My father’s heder in Bendin – the Gerer Shtibl where my grandfather and great-grandfather davened – streets and alleys permeated by a Jewish atmosphere that transcends both time and space
that heder – they now exist only in our hearts
remembered the Bendin of her youth in her memoirs:
double-courtyard building on Kołątaja Street
one of three main boulevards that ran through the city
More than a hundred families resided in the building's one- to four-room apartments
Even the basements and attics were occupied by tenants
except on the side of the attic where everyone hung their laundry to dry
lived in the front apartments where the windows faced the street
The rear apartments were mostly occupied by trades people
a private school for girls that my oldest sister Helen attended
where I exercised when I was grammar school age
where a rabbi taught young boys to read the Torah
There seemed to be a whole city within the confines of this one urban dwelling
a city densely populated with vivid sounds
smells and characters that I have never forgotten
Almost all of the tenants were Jewish and everyone knew everyone else
my mother returned to Poland for the first time since
she had been deported from her hometown to Birkenau by the Germans
She returned to Poland as a member of President Carter’s Commission on the Holocaust
my mother recalled in her memoirs which she finished writing shortly before her death:
afraid of what I would see and how I would react
New buildings have gone up and highways have been built
except in one respect: there are no Jews left
The street where I had lived is almost the same
which used to have only Jewish inhabitants
I looked up and saw the apartment with its balconies
Here I was born and raised with my brother and sister
Here I spent happy years of childhood and youth with my wonderful parents
I felt I was in a strange town on a strange street in front of a strange house
Thirty-nine years after my mother’s only return to Sosnowiec
and 23 years since I was in Będzin and Sosnowiec
and while I confess that the prospect of doing so still fills me with substantial trepidation
we will be experiencing this journey into our individual and collective past together
Many of us met yesterday for the first time
I am certain that we will become closer to one another
and that this trip to Zaglembie will bind us together for years to come
I want to express the deepest admiration and appreciation to Rina Kahan who has worked tirelessly and with unbelievable dedication and passion
to organizing this trip on behalf of the World Zaglembie Organization
in order to make sure that each of us has as positive an experience as only possible
I also want to express the warmest best wishes to all of you for a most meaningful trip from World Jewish Congress President Ronald S
The World Jewish Congress is proud to be co-sponsoring this week’s journey of remembrance
we are no longer alone in our sacred mission of remembrance
and elsewhere who are devoting themselves passionately and with the highest integrity to commemorating what happened to our families and their communities during the Shoah
because one risks omitting others – but I need to mention here Piotr and Karolina Jakoweńko
from Będzin; Monika Kempara from Sosnowiec; Marcin Bergier from Zawiercie; and the unsurpassed historian of Zaglembie Jewry during the Shoah
We owe them all a tremendous debt of gratitude
I want to urge you to attend a series of presentations and special programs later today and tomorrow afternoon
we wanted it to prominently include a historical dimension so as to put the experiences we will have over the course of this coming week in perspective
my friend Henri Lustiger-Thaler together with Piotr and Karolina Jakoweńko will tell us about their forthcoming exhibition and book
Ann Weiss will speak about the thousands of photographs of Jews from Zaglembie that she discovered in 1986
The Last Album: Eyes from the Ashes of Auschwitz-Birkenau
We will see these photographs on Sunday at Birkenau
we will have the unique opportunity of listening about the Bendin – not Będzin – that was from Esther Peterseil who remembers it from her childhood
and who will be in dialogue with her daughter
and again at 6:00 o’clock tomorrow evening
Jeffrey Cymbler will deliver lectures on different genealogical aspects of discovering elements of our families’ histories
and he is certainly the authority on genealogical issues as they pertain to Zaglembie
Haim Dekel and Fred Frenkel will provide us with an introduction to the world of genealogy
This will be followed at 4:00 o’clock by a lecture by Professor Robert Moses Shapiro on the phenomenon of the Judenrat
I will try to place the different roles of Poles during the Shoah in historical context
this is a subject that has been much in the news I recent months
and I think it is important for all of us to have the facts
We very much hope that you will all attend these programs
One last thought as we embark on our journey of memory
let us remember our murdered families and all the murdered Jews of Zaglembie for who they were and how they lived
As I remember my five-and-a-half-year-old brother Benjamin
let us remember them as they played and laughed
And so allow me to conclude this morning with the lyrics of another song by Papiernikov
which I look forward to singing together with you this evening:
אז מײן גאט איז אינגאנצן נישטא –
Yossi Lemel photographed his younger daughter to represent his mother
often asks himself to what extent the Holocaust can be studied on a personal level
and the personal applied to the collective
Dad talked very little about what he went through
He arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau with his father
Eleven young people from his home community of Bedzin were chosen
The one who actually conducted the experiments was Mengele's assistant
[Dad] went through hell and couldn't talk about it for years," Lemel tells Israel Hayom
I know that they experimented on them by injecting them with hepatitis B
they performed liver biopsies without anesthetic
He went through the experiments at the Auschwitz I camps
He was also an errand boy who carried messages to Mengele
He said that every time he saw Mengele he'd run away
Dad also witnessed experiments they did on others
he's 92 and for years he kept silent about the hell he endured there
My mother also experienced the Holocaust in the town of Bedzin
as a member of the Radomsk hassidic community
She was actually the one who talked about it."
When Lemel decided to touch this open wound
he created work for large-scale graphic exhibits that focused on the private destruction his family experienced as a way of making the disaster that befell the Jewish people palpable to viewers
"I don't create these pieces to earn money
I'm a conduit through which the memory of the Holocaust is passed on to future generations
I don't sell the work and I don't make money off it," Lemel says
studied graphic design at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design
He is mainly known for his political posters
many of which deal with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
He says that the first trip he photographed and edited into an art piece followed his father's childhood
starting in Bedzin in southern Poland until the time he reached the Auschwitz death camp
I photographed myself shaved and dressed in a prisoner's uniform in the Auschwitz blocks
The experience was amazing in its awfulness."
In the exhibit dedicated to his grandfather and his family
Lemel photographed the synagogue where his grandfather used to pray
with his own image reproduced over and over again in different positions
This is how Lemel portrays the people who are no longer alive and left gaping holes behind them
"There are almost no Jews in Poland anymore
So I created a piece in which I take a picture of myself in a synagogue
reproduced until [the synagogue is] full of my own image
I also made a big piece featuring the tattooed number given to my father at the death camp," Lemel says
This unusual piece of work was displayed on an entire floor of the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Hamburg
and sparked great interest among German visitors
which included a giant poster of my father's concentration camp number – six digits on [a poster] 6 meters [20 feet] long – was signed by Germany's foreign minister at the time
I already have the Germans' signature on my left arm
Lemel has also enlisted his family for his pieces
He photographed his younger daughter six times
the biggest hassidic sect in southern Poland
They had 50,000 Hassidim and more than 36 yeshivas
but the Radomsker rebbe (Rabbi Shlomo Hanoch Hacohen Rabinowitz)
who chose to remain with his Hassidic followers
was subjected to brutal torture and secretly moved to Warsaw
Some of Rabinowitz's relatives were killed along with him
and other than a few survivors his Hassidic sect was wiped out
The murder of an entire branch of Hassidic Jewry prompted Lemel to take a third trip to Poland
where he created a piece portraying the various stages of the rebbe's life
Lemel says that the trip was important to him on both a personal and a national level
"I wanted to heal the tear and restore to our people an entire part of it that was lost
which we don't deal with at all because of the national trauma we went through
people who are as far as they could be from the world of hassidism suddenly start talking about their [personal] links to the Holocaust
the understanding that we are part of an entire people
I'm not talking about a connection to religion
but rather a connection to the Jewish identity that came apart
"In the early days of the state [of Israel]
but as an artists I feel that we haven't worked through the tragedy
My mission is to introduce the public to their ancestors," Lemel says
Lemel's father's fragments of stories influenced him deeply
He used them as material in his other work
including some about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
"My work expresses the fears and threat that I absorbed unconsciously," he says
Q: How to Israelis respond to your presentations
I'm the great-granddaughter of the Chazon Ish [Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz.]' And she's not alone
There is a real thirst not only to deal with the Holocaust
but also to remember the Jewish world for the past 2,000 years
I've done posters for Amnesty International
everything about Greenpeace is important to me as an artist
and we need to preserve its sustainability
As someone who grew up in a home with a religious mother and a secular father who is angry at the Creator
my art is a way of connecting to the sacred
"I have a lot of work about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
I see my main work as bringing the fading coals of our connection to our people to life
"Masses of Poles came to my exhibit about my mother
which opened at Poland's National Museum in Poznan in the summer of 2008
but I think that this is a way to understand where we came from."
He spends most of his days running the ad agency Lemel Cohen
and lecturing at the Holon Institute of Technology
while art has a dimension of depth and delay
you need to send a message using a short design
A lot of thought and artistic work goes into advertising
I see my presentations about the Holocaust as my [artistic] peak
Jewish Agency Chairman Major General (Res.) Doron Almog met with new Olim soldiers..
"I know there's a lot of responsibility on me
the scale and nature of the tragedy in the Lapu Lapu festival that killed 11 feel alien...
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The first issue of Israel Hayom appeared on July 30
Israel Hayom was founded on the belief that the Israeli public deserves better
more balanced and more accurate journalism
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Newburgh — The young couple walked single file from the Polish factory
They had been hiding her in a secret bunker inside a German's Jewish-staffed factory
But the liquidation of the city of Bedzin was almost complete
The couple strode quickly toward a tall man waiting by a fence
they thrust their 5-year-old into his grip
He hoisted her over the fence and dropped her on the other side
The Reyms couldn't know what happened next
Of the thousands of Jewish children who lived in the industrial city of Bedzin at the start of World War II
She became a filmmaker and a professor of media studies at Connecticut's Quinnipiac University
She visited Mount Saint Mary College in Newburgh yesterday for a special screening of "Diamonds in the Snow," her award-winning documentary on the children of Bedzin
The film traces the survival stories of Binford and two other Jewish girls who hid with different Christian families in Poland
It is a painstaking reconstruction of a city's fall and the complex relationships among its people
the lines between good and evil are blurred
The difference between life and death could come down to pure grit — like parents tossing their child over a fence — or mere chance — like that child catching a trolley to the home of a Christian woman
Binford's surrogate family had bleach for her hair and a cross pendant for her neck
"I was a cousin from the country," she recalled
I remember the wafer melting on my tongue."
Her new family risked their lives to keep her safe
but Binford's film shows that even the heroes were flawed
Her adoptive father taught her to read and write
yet beat her regularly with leather straps
"and I'd have to start laughing in the middle of my tears."
Binford was eventually reunited with her parents
Her mother escaped a death march from the Auschwitz concentration camp
Retreating German soldiers left her father to die in the Buchenwald prison
It was not until filming began for Binford's documentary
that she gathered the courage to visit relatives of her adoptive family
She later nominated them for the Yad Vashem's "Righteous Among the Nations" medal
an award granted to 21,000 non-Jewish WWII rescuers
For more information on "Diamonds in the Snow," contact The National Center for Jewish Film at Brandeis University at 781-899-7044 or ncjf@brandeis.edu
which documents the final months before her death in the Auschwitz concentration camp
Rutka Laskier, 14, the same age as the Dutch teenager Anne Frank
wrote the 60-page diary over a four-month period in Bedzin
documents the steady collapse of the ghetto under the weight of the Nazi occupation and deportations
friendships and jealousies of an adolescent girl growing up during the war
she said: "I simply can't believe that one day I will be allowed to leave this house without the yellow star
If this happens I will probably lose my mind from joy
"The little faith I used to have has been completely shattered
he would have certainly not permitted that human beings be thrown alive into furnaces
and the heads of little toddlers be smashed with the butt of guns or be shoved into sacks and gassed to death."
Later she wrote: "The rope around us is getting tighter and tighter
I'm turning into an animal waiting to die." Her final entry is brief: "I'm very bored
The entire day I'm walking around the room
at which point she hid the notebook in the basement of the house her family were living in
a building that had been confiscated by the Nazis to be part of the Bedzin ghetto
the teenager and her family were transported to the Auschwitz concentration camp and it is thought she was killed immediately
The diary was found after the war by Stanislawa Sapinska
a Christian whose family owned the house lived in by the Laskiers
and who had met Rutka several times during the war
Ms Sapinska, now in her late 80s, took the diary and kept it secret for more than 60 years until one of her nephews last year convinced her to present it to Yad Vashem, Israel's national Holocaust museum and archive in Jerusalem
"She wanted me to save the diary," Ms Sapinska told the Associated Press
"She said 'I don't know if I will survive
so that everyone will know what happened to the Jews'."
The diary was authenticated by Yad Vashem, which has now published it as Rutka's Notebook, in Hebrew and English. Rutka's father, Yaakov, was the only member of the family to survive the camp. He moved to Israel and had a new family
knew nothing about Rutka before the journal surfaced
"I was struck by this deep connection to Rutka," said Dr Sherz
This black hole was suddenly filled and I immediately fell in love with her."
"I have a feeling that I am writing for the last time
There is an Aktion [a Nazi arrest operation] in town
I'm not allowed to go out and I'm going crazy
The town is breathlessly waiting in anticipation
but they keep haunting me like nagging flies
because despite all these atrocities I want to live
That means waiting for Auschwitz or labour camp
I must not think about this so now I'll start writing about private matters."
Professor Mary Fulbrook researches knowledge and understanding of Germany's contested past
The research has been of particular personal significance to people variously grappling with the continuing legacies of Nazism and the Holocaust
and the East German communist dictatorship (GDR)
Professor Mary Fulbrook's research at UCL School of European Languages
Culture & Society has focused on the ways in which people are both shaped by the historical periods into which they are born
challenging and transforming the regimes through which they live
She has concentrated particularly on the German dictatorships of the twentieth century.In A Small Town near Auschwitz: Ordinary Nazis and the Holocaust (2012)
Professor Fulbrook explored the development of Nazi racist policies and genocide in Będzin
Some 85,000 Jews were deported through the linked ghettos of Będzin-Sosnowiec; almost all the Jewish citizens of Będzin
around half the total population of this town
were murdered as a result of Nazi oppression; yet it has virtually escaped the attention of historians
Her work focused primarily on the role and later self-representations of the principal civilian administrator of Będzin
who went on to a successful postwar career in the West German civil service
letters from his wife to her mother in Berlin during the war
oral history interviews and archival sources
the researcher examined the implications of 'systemic violence' and the role of German civilian administrators as 'Hitler's willing functionaries'
There is also a personal twist to this story: Klausa's wife was a schoolfriend of Professor Fulbrook's mother
who was a refugee from Nazi Germany; and Fulbrook knew the Klausa family well
She was all the more shocked to discover Klausa's Nazi past
and the ways in which his involvement had been covered up - ways that were typical in many German families after the war.The book has since received widespread acclamatory reviews: the New York Review of Books called it a 'milestone in Holocaust historiography'
Through radio programmes and newspaper coverage
millions of people around the world came into contact with Professor Fulbrook's research
and many testaments have been received from both individuals and organisations
Relatives of both perpetrators and victims wrote in to say how it had affected how they understood their own family history and the continuing significance of the Nazi past
a lecture by Professor Fulbrook led to the withdrawal of an adulatory website biography of Klausa by the Rhineland Regional Council
Europe and the USA have also provoked a serious rethinking of the role of civilian administrators in Nazi atrocities
A Small Town in Auschwitz emerges from a broad body of German history research
including a related book on Dissonant Lives: Generations and Violence in the German Dictatorships (2011)
which also touched personal chords in its readers
In this - which spans the whole of the twentieth century - and in an earlier project on the GDR
The People's State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker
Professor Fulbrook studied the ways in which ordinary people were involved in the 'participatory dictatorship' of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
she released a documentary film based on this research
Titled Behind the Wall: 'Perfectly Normal Lives' in the GDR
the film has been widely adopted for teaching and extracurricular purposes in the UK
and sections were used as teaching materials in the OCR A level history syllabus
She also wrote chapters based on this research for the OCR History A level textbook
and regularly lectures to secondary school students and their teachers
Fulbrook's research has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and the Leverhulme Trust
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CA Immo exits non-core market Serbia with the sale of the 19,600 sqm office building Sava Business Center in Belgrade
Both the sales price and the buyer are subject to confidentiality
As the PBSA sector finally takes off in Poland
it is now increasingly attracting international operators and investors
Eurobuild CEE spoke to Xior's investment manager
about why it has such confidence in the Polish market
Residential developer Develia has signed a preliminary agreement to acquire all the shares in Bouygues Immobilier Polska
the Polish subsidiary of Bouygues Immobilier
ESA logistika has leased 15,000 sqm in Prologis Park Piotrków
GLP has completed the development of its Wrocław V Logistics Centre and has received a BREEAM rating of Outstanding
Panattoni has secured EUR 40 mln in financing from BNP Paribas for the development of Panattoni Park Sosnowiec IV
Newgate Investment (NGI) and Redkom Development are developing a large retail park in Bydgoszcz
Deutsche Hypo – NORD/LB Real Estate Finance has provided a five-year green loan to Olivia Seven for the refinancing of the Olivia Prime A office building in Gdańsk-Oliwa
communications and security company Motorola Solutions has signed a five-year lease renewal
18,000 sqm at the Green Office complex in Kraków’s Podgórze district
Falling interest rates and easing monetary policy across the eurozone and CEEi are boosting investor confidence in the region’s commercial real estate market
reveals Colliers in its ‘Beyond Real Estate | Economy’ report
Panattoni is to build the Panattoni Park Mainz Süd in Erbes-Büdesheim bei Alzey
Axi Immo has presented its latest report “Warsaw Office Market – Q1 2025
The market opened in 2025 on a steady footing
with a notable increase in leasing activity and a modest decline in vacancy
landlords continue to focus on upgrading existing assets and prioritizing quality over quantity
Convenience store chain Żabka has officially opened a new logistics centre in Kąty Wrocławskie
The first stage of the development will serve 1,500 stores in the Wrocław area
Romanian Post has leased over 5,000 sqm of logistics space in CTPark Bucharest to serve as its temporary regional courier and logistics hub for Bucharest
JLL has announced the sale and leaseback of two properties by a manufacturing company in a deal worth over PLN 1 bln
Warehouse developer CTP is adding 2,000 sqm to its Clubco coworking development in Brno
pbb Deutsche Pfandbriefbank has extended an investment facility to PineBridge Benson Elliot for the Diuna Office Park in Warsaw
The hotel market in Bucharest continued its recovery in 2024
while the ADR has finally surpassed the milestone of EUR 100
Torus has announced its All.inn students’ residence concept that is soon to appear on ul
which specialises in temperature-controlled goods
is to enlarge its freezer warehouse in Radomsko by an additional 4,800 sqm
it will be the company's largest distribution centre in Poland
Footwear retailer Deichmann has prolonged its lease of 21,000 sqm in Prologis Park Wrocław III
The company has been in the park since 2011
The grand opening of DPD's 18,000 sqm logistics hub at Segro Logistics Park Stryków took place on 14 April 2025
The courier company currently leases a total of more than 35,000 sqm across Segro's portfolio in Poland
The largest Polish ice cube manufacturer has increased the space it leases at the MLP Pruszków II warehouse complex to 7,200 sqm
an Oligocene well has been drilled to meet the tenant's needs
Peakside Capital Advisors and Partners Group have laid the cornerstone for the City Point Okęcie logistics centre
Panattoni has completed the expansion of Panattoni Park Koluszki in Central Poland and obtained an occupancy permit
Axi Immo has presented its latest market analysis in the special publication "Central Poland Industrial Snapshot"
the region recorded a historic high in industrial and logistics leasing activity
A 15,300 sqm hi-tech production hall has opened in Debrecen developed by Panattoni Hungary and the OTP Real Estate Investment Fund
a company that specialises in LED light therapy and pharmaceuticals distributor Avenier have both signed leases for space in CTPark Plzeň Kasárny
Mito Light is to take up 556 sqm while Avenier has leased 588 sqm with the handover planned for the autumn of 2025
With warehouse and industrial stock of nearly 35 mln sqm
Poland’s market has stabilised at a healthy level
Logistics operator DB Schenker has leased an additional 9,800 sqm in the Hillwood Rawicz logistics centre
The tenant has been operating from the centre since the autumn of last year when it opened a service centre with an area of over 17,000 sqm for a manufacturer of optical products
More than 2.6 mln sqm of industrial and logistics space was delivered across Poland in 2024
according to BNP Paribas Real Estate Poland’s latest report "At a Glance
While this was below the new supply levels recorded in previous years
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accomplished and astute woman with an indomitable spirit who was one of the most powerful voices of Holocaust survival in Australia and beyond
1922 into a traditional Jewish family in Bedzin
a Polish town with a population that was predominantly Jewish
was 17 years old at the outbreak of World War II
local Volksdeutsche – ethnic Germans – burned the Great Synagogue
destroying about 50 surrounding homes inhabited mostly by Jews
These events put paid to Kitia's plans to study at an institute of languages in Paris
she began work in a Bedzin factory producing uniforms for the German army
With an influx of Jews fleeing large Nazi-occupied Polish towns
the Germans pronounced the formation of a ghetto
Kitia became friends with a woman named Cesia and the bond between the two young women became unshakeable
their mutual support contributing in no small measure to their survival during the Holocaust
kindness and humane treatment of the Jews under his control enabled him to protect many of them
He also went out of his way to orchestrate repeated opportunities for escape for Kitia
Kitia did not seize the opportunity to go into hiding with a non-Jewish woman
Four months after the final liquidation of the ghetto
Rossner was arrested by the Gestapo and was hanged the following month for aiding and protecting Jews
In 1985 Kitia nominated Pajak to be honoured as a Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem
the Jerusalem-based Holocaust remembrance centre
Both their names are commemorated on the Mount of Remembrance
In June 1944 Kitia and Cesia were transported to the Annaberg labour camp in Germany where Kitia worked in the laundry
From there they were taken to Auschwitz and were tattooed with identity numbers one digit apart – A25440 and A25441 – and experienced the real horror of dehumanisation
In November 1944 she and Cesia were transported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in northern Germany
which was exclusively for women and which Kitia later described as sheer hell
there was little food and prisoners worked outdoors in a quarry
After a month she and Cesia were taken to the Bensdorf concentration camp
Kitia was set to work in an underground armaments factory in a salt mine
liberated by the International Red Cross and taken to Sweden
There she received news about family in Palestine and France
had died on a death march 10 days before the end of the war
a veterinary surgeon who hid in the Pyrenees
Kitia married and in 1947 came to Australia
she always focused on the goodness of humankind
Three years after its establishment in 1984
Kitia began volunteering at the Jewish Holocaust Centre in Elsternwick
teaching many thousands of school and tertiary students about the Holocaust
She also addressed adult groups and interviewed scores of Holocaust survivors whose testimonies were recorded
She was particularly passionate about acknowledging the acts of courage of non-Jews who risked their lives and often those of their families to save Jews during the Holocaust
Kitia's many contributions to the growth of the Jewish Holocaust Centre
and her commitment to its mission to foster tolerance and to combat hatred
she once said that "no one can make any predictions about the future
but as long as people exist who understand the survivors
and can pass the knowledge and the feelings of the survivors on to others
both as part of Jewish identity and for its universal importance"
the last chapter in one of her books,Memories of Ordinary People
she declares that her purpose in life after surviving the horrors of the Holocaust was to honour the memory of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust while striving "for a more humane society"
Kitia debated the Holocaust denier David Irving
She felt compelled to confront Irving over his statements about the non-existence of gas chambers in Auschwitz-Birkenau
claiming that such statements were an affront "to the memory of the dead and the decency of the living"
Her encounter with Irving was included in a scene in the 2016 movie Denial
based on the celebrated trial in which Irving unsuccessfully sued Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt
asserting that Lipstadt had libelled him in her book Denying the Holocaust
Kitia was awarded an OAM in June 2013 "for service to the community
particularly through the Jewish Holocaust Centre"
during a brief conducted tour of the centre's museum
who walked upon the soil of Auschwitz as a young woman
would one day shake the hand of the prime minister of Australia."
* Michael Cohen is Director of Community Relations and Research at the Jewish Holocaust Centre
local Volksdeutsche \\u2013 ethnic Germans \\u2013 burned the Great Synagogue
These events put paid to Kitia's plans to study at an institute of languages in Paris
From there they were taken to Auschwitz and were tattooed with identity numbers one digit apart \\u2013 A25440 and A25441 \\u2013 and experienced the real horror of dehumanisation
In November 1944 she and Cesia were transported to the Ravensbr\\u00FCck concentration camp in northern Germany
Kitia's many contributions to the growth of the Jewish Holocaust Centre
she once said that \\\"no one can make any predictions about the future
both as part of Jewish identity and for its universal importance\\\"
she declares that her purpose in life after surviving the horrors of the Holocaust was to honour the memory of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust while striving \\\"for a more humane society\\\"
claiming that such statements were an affront \\\"to the memory of the dead and the decency of the living\\\"
Kitia was awarded an OAM in June 2013 \\\"for service to the community
particularly through the Jewish Holocaust Centre\\\"
during a brief conducted tour of the centre's museum
would one day shake the hand of the prime minister of Australia.\\\"
wants Poles who would rather forget to remember
Szydlowski’s resume displays his qualifications
He’s the Editor-in-Chief for the municipal paper
Founder and President of the Rutka Laskier Foundation
Founder of the Museum of the Jews of Zaglebie (the Dabrowski Basin of Southern Poland)
The cost to being so openly philosemitic in Poland
generations-old antisemitism where millions of Jewish perished
The Demise of a Thriving Jewish Community Pre-WWII
Bedzin had been a prosperous industrial hub with about 27,000 Jews
co-existing peacefully with Polish neighbors
Jews fared better there than elsewhere in Nazi-occupied areas
Thousands of Jews worked in Christian industrialist Alfred Rossner’s Bedzin factory
Here Szydlowski pivots to the Laskier family and their daughter Rutka
Krakow banker Yaakov Laskier’s family moved in with relatives in Bedzin; in 1943
whose family relinquished their ghetto-situated house to the Laskiers
periodically visited and befriended 14-year-old Rutka
Rutka kept a diary about typical “teen” issues—her looks
boys—but she also carefully documented life
The ghetto was split in two in 1943; the Laskiers
Rutka’s mother Devorah and younger brother Henius perished
when she contracted cholera and was sent to the crematoria
where he and other Jews secretly counterfeited US and British currency (Nazis wanted to flood Allied markets with worthless currency; see The Counterfeiters [2007])
Sapinska returned home and retrieved Rutka’s diary
Given communist repression and antisemitism
He subsequently reached out to Auschwitz’s Museum and other Jewish institutions; none expressed interest in Rutka’s diary
but after seeing unfamiliar faces in photographs
who acknowledged his first family—and then never again spoke about them
He identified and traveled to England to interview Rutka’s best friend Linka Gold
When Szydlowski sent Yad Vashem a copy of Rutka’s diary
it was validated; Sapinska brought the original there and donated it
edited by Szydlowski and published by Yad Vashem
Scherz and Szydlowski traveled extensively
to arrange for the diary’s translation into 22 languages
producer Amy Langer contacted Szydlowski about a theatrical version of Rutka’s story
It segued to an October-November 2024 run of the youth-focused Rutka: A New Musical at Cincinnati’s Playhouse in the Park
He invited everyone involved in it to visit Bedzin
which he feels is essential to fully experience and understand Jewish life there in Rutka’s time As yet
The Significance of Rutka’s Diary: What Impact Has It Had on Polish Youth
The diaries of Rutka and Anne Frank both reveal typical teen anxieties
Rutka’s firsthand account is much more graphic in its depictions of Nazi cruelty
Scherz visited Bedzin on multiple occasions
they recited excerpts and discussed the diary’s impact on them
For adolescents who are at least two generations removed from WWII
the diary provides an historical perspective previously unavailable to them
accompanied by Sapinska and high school students playing Germans
fully costumed reenactment of the ghetto’s evacuation for deportations
Szydlowski stresses the need to educate Polish youth
as they are the principal agents of change in attitudes towards Jews
antisemitic graffiti and open antisemitism has been absent in Bedzin
The jury is out on the ultimate impact of Rutka’s diary
one cannot underestimate how one girl’s moving account of Jewish history
and one historian’s attempt to keep her history and Bedzin’s alive
can affect those who today may question its truths
BBC. (2009) Rutka’s Notebook https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnD_EtHqW44
(based on Adolph Burger’s The Devil’s Workshop: A Memoir of the Nazi Counterfeiting Operation; Oscar for Best Foreign Language film
Szydlowski, A. (2010) Reenactment of the Evacuation of Bedzin Ghetto in 1943. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_-ZMIGHb5k&t=69s
Rachel Kovacs, PhD, adjunct associate professor of communication at CUNY, also teaches Judaics locally, and is a PR professional, freelance writer, and theater reviewer for offoffonline.com. She trained in performance at Brandeis and Manchester Universities, Sharon Playhouse, and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She can be reached at [email protected].