2025 while surrounded by his loving family after a lifelong illness
he was the son of the late Clarence and Madlyn (Peters) Gora
Ron was educated through the Nashua public school system and raised his family in his hometown
Ron worked for Nashua Corp for nearly 20 years (1978 to 1995) where he served as a Forklift Operator and Assembler
until he was no longer able to continue due to illness
He was a passionate New England sports fan
His love for sports was shared with his family
Whether on the lanes or with family and friends
he always knew how to bring joy and laughter into any room
Ron is survived by his children: Ronald Gora Jr
Tracy; Randy Gora; Robyn Gora and her partner
Kathleen; Kara Urban; Katie Hamilton-Gora; and Michaela Ervin and her husband
He is also survived by his siblings: Russell Gora and his wife
Ron was a proud grandfather to Elijah Gora
He is also survived by many loving nieces and nephews
as well as sisters Donna Gora and Nancy Millard
SERVICES: A celebration of Ron’s life will be held at a later date
but the family appreciates all the love and support they’ve received during this difficult time
An online guestbook is available at www.davisfuneralhomenh.com
(603) 883-3401 “ONE MEMORY LIGHTS ANOTHER”
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With over 20 years of experience in the entertainment and hospitality industry
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Lena Góra is bringing her captivating presence to the small screen in a new series
The Eastern Gate presents Góra with a role that demands both physical and emotional rigor
navigating the treacherous landscape of geopolitical intrigue
set against the backdrop of escalating tensions in Eastern Europe
and Góra's performance is its beating heart
Newsweek spoke to Góra about the role
who shared the ins and outs of her performance
along with all the preparation she did before taping
"I got to learn Russian before I even started with my lines
I told them that Ewa is so precise and constantly listening to everything that's happening in the room
so it would be important for me to know more of the language than just my lines," she recalled
Góra then mentioned that she got to meet women who are actually intelligence officers to help with her authentic portrayal of the role
"It was six months of my life that I gave to Eastern Gate ..
three months of learning the language along with boxing and training
It was so cool to have been able to do that because your body
your muscle memory is there," Góra reminisced
Góra is also a force behind the camera
with writing and producing credits to her name
is that I'm allowed to be an artist right now
To speak my voice freely and to create art and entertainment
be a part of a catharsis for people to watch and take in
I think the decision of what I'm going to give my time and energy to is important to show and for people to see
Sometimes I feel like I need to go and write something and I am
I'm writing something now that I'm really excited about," she revealed
The Eastern Gate marks a significant moment in Góra's career, as her talent is poised to reach a wider audience. In addition to the series, Góra just wrapped Erupcja where she filmed alongside Charli XCX
"I just wish for everyone to find collaborators like that
She has this capacity and ability to really tune in
whether it's the youth culture and what they need
or whether it's connecting with her acting partner
which happened with me," she said of working with the pop star
The Eastern Gate premiered on January 31 and can be streamed on Max
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The Greater Owensboro REALTOR® Association (GORA) is proud to announce the appointment of Michelle Wiesman as its new Association Executive, marking an exciting new chapter in the organization’s leadership and future.
After a comprehensive and thoughtful search process, GORA’s Board of Directors selected Wiesman from a highly qualified pool of applicants, recognizing her unmatched expertise, leadership, and deep roots within the REALTOR® community.
“The ideal candidate was right here among us all along,” said Board President Glenn Ashby. “Michelle has been a trusted and valued member of our REALTOR® family for years, and we’re thrilled to welcome her into this new role.”
Wiesman currently serves as the Operations Manager for a prominent local GORA-affiliated brokerage. In that capacity, she has demonstrated exceptional capability in overseeing a wide range of critical responsibilities, including daily operations, facilities and compliance management, bookkeeping, purchasing, HR, agent development, and regulatory adherence with the Kentucky Real Estate Commission (KREC).
Beyond her operational leadership, Wiesman has shown unwavering dedication to the advancement of the real estate profession. She has served GORA in many leadership capacities, including Secretary and President of the Board of Directors. Her committee experience spans the MLS, Finance, Bylaws, Governmental Affairs/RPAC, Membership (MARC), Education, Public Relations, Nominating, and Professional Standards Committees.
“Michelle’s passion for REALTORS®, her extensive knowledge of the industry, and her longstanding service to GORA make her uniquely equipped to lead us forward with vision and strength,” said President Ashby.
Wiesman’s appointment signals a commitment to continued excellence, innovation, and support for GORA members. The association invites all REALTORS® and affiliates to join in welcoming Michelle Wiesman as she steps into this pivotal leadership role.
About the Greater Owensboro REALTOR® Association
The Greater Owensboro REALTOR® Association represents real estate professionals throughout the region, advocating for ethical practice, ongoing education, and community involvement. GORA strives to empower its members to best serve the public with integrity and professionalism.
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High-resolution UAV-based aerial survey of Dmanisis Gora
has revealed the extent of the large outer fortification system and settlement
which has few documented parallels in the region
The exceptional size of Dmanisis Gora helps add new dimensions to population aggregation models in Eurasia and beyond
showing the location at the convergence of two gorges; the 2023 excavations of the inner fortress are visible in foreground
Fortress settlements in the South Caucasus appeared between 1500-500 BCE
and represent an unprecedented development in the prehistory of the regions
the Caucasus region has a long history as a cultural crossroads with distinctive local identities
a 60-80-ha fortress-settlement in Georgia of exceptional preservation and size
“The fortress of Dmanisis Gora consists of a double-walled fortress core and a much larger outer enclosure with additional fortifications,” said Dr
Nathaniel Erb-Satullo from the Cranfield Forensic Institute at Cranfield University and his colleagues
“Prior research noted that the site had an unusually large outer walled enclosure
but the site was not systematically mapped.”
The researchers used a DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone which can provide relative positional accuracy of under 2 cm as well as extremely high-resolution aerial imagery
In order to obtain a highly accurate map of human-made features
they carefully checked each feature in the aerial imagery to confirm its identification
To understand how the landscape of the site had evolved
the orthophotos were compared with 50-year-old photos taken by a Cold War-era spy satellite declassified in 2013
That gave the scientists much needed insight into which features were recent
It also enabled the team to assess what areas of the ancient settlement were damaged by modern agriculture
All of those data sets were merged in Geographic Information System (GIS) software
helping to identify patterns and changes in the landscape
“The drone took nearly 11,000 pictures which were knitted together using advanced software to produce high-resolution digital elevation models and orthophotos — composite pictures that show every point as if you were looking straight down,” Dr
The team’s results showed that the Dmanisis Gora site was more than 40 times larger than originally thought
including a large outer settlement defended by a 1 km long fortification wall
“The use of drones has allowed us to understand the significance of the site and document it in a way that simply wouldn’t be possible on the ground,” Dr
“Dmanisis Gora isn’t just a significant find for the Southern Caucasus region
but has a broader significance for the diversity in the structure of large scale settlements and their formation processes.”
“We hypothesize that Dmanisis Gora expanded because of its interactions with mobile pastoral groups
and its large outer settlement may have expanded and contracted seasonally.”
further study will start to provide insights into areas such as population density and intensity
livestock movements and agricultural practices
The team’s paper was published in the journal Antiquity
Mega-fortresses in the South Caucasus: new data from southern Georgia
The Warcraft universe is built on rich and diverse characters that may not fit into any singular family
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and Orgrim Doomhammer as Horde and Blackrock
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News | Mar 1
rsederquist@vaildaily.com
Radamus moved up eight places in his second run on the Podkoren 3 slope
“I made a costly mistake on first run and felt lucky to get a second,” Radamus told U.S
Ski and Snowboard media liaison Sierra Ryder
“I gave everything I had to take advantage of the opportunity on run two and was able to salvage a solid result
but I hope to leave behind the mistakes for the last few races of the season.”
Radamus currently sits 13th in the GS cup standings with two more events remaining — in Hafjell
Norway on March 15 and then in Sun Valley at the World Cup Finals on March 26
Norwegian Henrik Kristoffersen (2:18.18) took the win as Lucas Braaathen Pinheiro and Marco Odermatt rounded out the podium in second and third
It was Kristoffersen’s fourth win at the venue since 2016
you normally get really good results,” he said
you can’t cheat yourself to a good result
you have to be a really good technical skier.”
In addition to Radamus’ result, fellow Ski and Snowboard Club Vail alumni Bridger Gile earned his first World Cup points with a career-best 24th-place finish
“Getting two runs feels like ski racing and I’m glad I got to ski race today,” Gile said. The Aspen native was 19th in the GS at the World Championships last month
The 25-year-old posted DNFs in his first two World Cup starts this season and failed to qualify for a second run in his last four
but he’s turned things around lately
“As far as my skiing goes I think I have been skiing pretty well since the middle of January,” Gile continued
“And today I got a good start position and kept the same skiing and it worked out
I’ve watched River do second runs for a while now and it feels really good to be able to join him and PK (Patrick Kenney) in the second run
Kenney was the second American in the field
“Huge day for the boys all around,” Radamus said
“I’m beyond psyched to see Bridger collect his first World Cup points
I know how hard he’s been working for this and how hard it is to break through
I think this gives the whole team confidence seeing the hard work is paying off,” he continued
“It’s awesome to have PK in there again as well
The guys are building some real momentum.”
Lindsey Vonn placed 13th and 16th in a pair of World Cup downhill races in Kvitfjell, Norway, on Friday and Saturday, respectively. It was the eight-time downhill World Cup champion’s first visit to the slope. Prior to the speed weekend, she posted on social media
stating: “I’m having a blast getting to know the mountain
Experimenting every day with my equipment and I think I’m making progress
Vonn’s teammate Lauren Macuga placed second in Saturday’s race
claiming her first World Cup downhill podium
“I feel like it wasn’t me yesterday and today I went out there charging and my tuck over some terrain
and got over the outside ski and just sent it,” said Macuga
… I was also trying to be clean and trying to be smart over the jump because that is such a crucial part of this course.”
Kentucky Derby Parties The 151st Kentucky Derby is set for Saturday at 4:57 p.m
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Easter events in the Vail Valley Church services An Easter tradition that’s been going on for over 30 years is the Vail Mountain Easter Sunrise Service bright and early on Sunday morning
Après Madness Championship Party at Avanti F&B The NCAA College Basketball Tournament may have crowned a champion on Monday
but Friday is when you can congratulate this year’s winner of Vail’s own form of competition:..
Après at The Amp For its third year in a row
Ford Amphitheater has proven that it’s not just a summer venue
the Swedish pop band that took the world by storm in the 1970s and early 1980s with its hits “Waterloo,” “Take a Chance on Me” and “Dancing Queen,” will virtually..
That left just Odermatt and Kristoffersen with the Swiss almost three-quarters of a second up on Pinheiro Braathen from the first run. The overall World Cup leader struggled on the top half of the track and, despite finding some fluency further down, ended up 11 hundredths of the pace to leave the former Norwegian eyeing his adopted nation's first World Cup win.
The only man who could deny him was his ex-teammate Kristoffersen who extended his lead on the top of the course with some fluid turns. The 30-year-old lost half of his advantage on the middle section, but had plenty in hand as he secured his fourth career giant slalom victory on the Podkoren.
Kristoffersen told FIS that this victory "means a lot". He added, "It was a really nice race, really good conditions both the first and second run. It almost felt better on the second run, to be honest, to ski.
"Here, it's so much control of the speed from the hill and the snow. Here, it's the skier. It's not a set-up race, so the shape is pretty OK at the moment."
This win saw Kristoffersen close the gap on Odermatt in the giant slalom standings to 41 points with two rounds remaining. He will bid for a weekend double in Sunday's Kranjska Gora slalom.
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A recent study using drone mapping has revealed that Dmanisis Gora
a 3,000-year-old mountainside fortress in the Caucasus Mountains
The discoveries also prompted a reassessment of settlement dynamics during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages
which was recently published in the journal Antiquity
a Senior Lecturer at Cranfield University’s Forensic Institute
and Dimitri Jachvliani of the Georgian National Museum
Their work — which has been ongoing since 2018 — showed that Dmanisis Gora had emerged not just as a centerpiece for archaeological research on the South Caucasus
but a crucial case study for investigating ancient urbanism and population dynamics
Initial excavations took place near a fortified promontory between two deep gorges
the fall visit — when thick summer foliage had receded — revealed remains of fortifications and stone buildings stretching well beyond the known inner fortress
prompting the use of advanced drone technology to create aerial imagery
“The drone took nearly 11,000 pictures
which were processed using specialized software to produce high-resolution digital elevation models and orthophotos,” Dr
“These datasets allowed us to identify subtle topographic features and create precise maps of fortification walls
and other structures within the outer settlement.”
The drone survey showed that the fort is expansive
with its outer settlement protected by a fortification wall that stretches a kilometer long
This makes Dmanisis Gora more than 40 times the size initially estimated
The researchers merged aerial photographs with declassified Cold War–era spy satellite images to identify ancient structures from recent modifications attributable to the advent of modern farming
Georgia has been a cultural crossroads since ancient times
and Dmanisi Gora reflects a mosaic of cultures
The massive size and defensive architecture of the site suggest that it was a major settlement in an era of evolving social and political complexity in the region
Researchers speculate that the fortress’s growth was not simply due to the population in the surrounding settlement but also to the influx of mobile pastoralists
suggesting that this network may have led to seasonal growth and population contractions in the outer settlement
Despite the large investment in stone architecture
the site shows evidence of low-intensity occupation
This supports theories suggesting that pastoral mobility continued to play an important role in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age societies
Although numerous regions of the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean experienced considerable upheaval during this time
the South Caucasus appears to have undergone remarkable continuity in terms of settlement and material culture
revealing the daily lives of the people who constructed the fortress
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beating fellow Norwegian Timon Haugan and Manuel Feller of Austria
Picture by REUTERS/Borut ZivulovicBy Rory JiwaniHenrik Kristoffersen continued his love affair with Kranjska Gora on Sunday (2 March 2025)
completing a weekend World Cup double in the slalom
"It was a good second run," Kristoffersen told FIS TV afterwards
"I think I still messed up the top and second part a little bit
The bottom I skied really good and the middle part very good
It was very tight today so I'm lucky to be on the right side of the hundredths."
This victory also gave the 30-year-old a first career weekend double comprising a giant slalom and a slalom
"I've been many times second in GS
"And also won double weekends in both GS and both in slalom
but never in GS and slalom so this was a big goal for me
double Van Deer (ski manufacturer) first time
missing out on the podium by a hundredth of a second
Another Swiss, Tanguy Nef, was fifth ahead of Victor Muffat-Jeandet
who was second the last time a World Cup slalom was held at Kranjska Gora four years ago
had a superb second run to move up 20 places from 26th at midway
He was the top Frenchman in the field as Clement Noel slipped from fifth to 10th place to lose ground on Kristoffersen in the standings
After his second in Saturday's giant slalom, Brazil's Lucas Pinheiro Braathen was going well on the first run before missing a gate.
The technical skiers now have a short break with their next races being a slalom and giant slalom in Hafjell, Norway in a fortnight.
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Aristos is a Newsweek science and health reporter with the London
He is particularly focused on archaeology and paleontology
although he has covered a wide variety of topics ranging from astronomy and mental health
Aristos joined Newsweek in 2018 from IBTimes UK and had previously worked at The World Weekly
He is a graduate of the University of Nottingham and City University
You can get in touch with Aristos by emailing a.georgiou@newsweek.com. Languages: English
Archaeologists have uncovered intriguing new insights into a Bronze Age "mega-fortress" that dates back to around 3,000 years ago
Researchers conducted a systematic ground and aerial survey of the site
which is located in Georgia—a transcontinental country that straddles the boundary between Eastern Europe and West Asia in the South Caucasus region
Analysis identified hundreds of man-made features across the site
revealing that the fortress complex is significantly larger than previously thought
offer a glimpse into societies that existed around the time of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age transition
while casting new light on the history of human urbanism
Fortress settlements in the South Caucasus appeared in the period 1500–500 B.C
and represent an unprecedented historical development in the region
some particularly extensive examples of these sites—which the researchers refer to as "mega-fortresses"—remain poorly understood as a settlement type
considered to be of "exceptional" preservation and size
"[Mega-fortress] is not a term that really been used in a Caucasus context before," study lead author Nathaniel Erb-Satullo
a senior lecturer in archaeological science at Cranfield University in the United Kingdom
"I wanted to use this term to describe a type of site that has been identified as archaeologists have increasingly investigated fortress landscapes in the South Caucasus."
"Hilltop fortresses of up to about 10 hectares have long been known as a defining feature of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in the South Caucasus
but recent work has identified enormous extended outer fortification systems around a couple of these sites covering more than 50 hectares," Erb-Satullo said
there are perhaps one or two other possible examples
but they have not been investigated systematically using recent mapping technologies
It is only in the past 15–20 years that researchers have conducted systematic surveys of the areas immediately around fortresses in the region—a trend partly enabled by developments in drone-based mapping technologies
After working in Georgia for several years
Erb-Satullo and colleagues were taken on a visit to Dmanisis Gora
The researchers were impressed by the "massive" stone walls of the inner fortress
"It was immediately [clear] that it was a very interesting site deserving of further investigation
that at the time we were not aware of how large it was—what we initially saw was what we are now calling the 'inner fortress,'" Erb-Satullo said
the researchers conducted further investigations
including systematic drone mapping to get a clearer understanding of the site that would not have been possible from the ground
"The drone took nearly 11,000 pictures which were knitted together using advanced software to produce high-resolution digital elevation models and orthophotos—composite pictures that show every point as if you were looking straight down," Erb-Satullo said in a press release
"These datasets enabled us to identify subtle topographic features and create accurate maps of all the fortification walls
and other stone structures within the outer settlement."
The investigations revealed that the site was more than 40 times larger than previously understood
including a large outer settlement defended by a 0.6-mile-long fortification wall
"The key finding was the site was much larger than originally thought
that the outer enclosure was filled with many more structures over a larger area than was expected," Erb-Satullo told Newsweek
The characteristics of the outer settlement have significance for understanding what kinds of sites these mega-fortresses were
the authors propose that the large outer settlement may have been occupied regularly
but seasonally—meaning that the population living at the site may have expanded and contracted in different seasons
as evidence by the larger accumulation of archaeological layers there
"Dmanisis Gora sits at the boundary between present day agricultural and pastoral grazing lands
It is possible that it may have been an important stopping point for pastoralists moving animals between lowland winter and highland summer pasture zones," Erb-Satullo said
The results suggest "a mechanism for settlement growth that was predicated on building relationships between mobile herders
rather than one based on gathering together groups of sedentary (non-mobile) farmers," he said
The research feeds into broader debates about the history of human population aggregation and urbanism
"Recent archaeological discoveries of large settlements which deviate in one or more ways from traditional definition of cities have forced archaeologists to think carefully about what cities are—or perhaps more usefully
what cities do: what their function is in society," Erb-Satullo said
"Even though the spatial extent of the site equals or exceeds other ancient cities
I probably wouldn't call Dmanisis Gora a city
but it does help reshape our understanding of urbanism as a broader phenomenon."
Do you have a tip on a science story that Newsweek should be covering
Erb-Satullo, N. L., Jachvliani, D., Higham, R., Weber-Boer, K. O., Symons, A., & Portes, R. (2025). Mega-fortresses in the South Caucasus: new data from southern Georgia. Antiquity, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2024.197
The University of Louisville has hired Jeff Gora and Nick Phillips
both seasoned startup founders and supporters
to help guide research-backed innovations to market
Both will serve as entrepreneurs in residence
through the UofL Office of Research and Innovation
they will work with inventors to connect UofL technologies to industry and startups
Phillips is a seasoned health care investor and startup operator
and spent the better part of the last decade building startups and leading early-stage investment and accelerator programs in partnership with some of the world’s leading corporations and international governments
a venture-backed men’s health care startup
where he is focused on scaling the nationwide digital clinic
“There’s a ton of innovation happening in the health care space,” Phillips said
“I’m excited to leverage my own experience and work with the researchers and innovators at UofL to further new treatments
diagnostics and more that can help people lead healthier lives.”
Gora is a dynamic entrepreneur with more than 15 years of experience across industries including medical device manufacturing
From scaling innovative startups to leading customer-centric retail ventures
Jeff has a proven track record of driving growth and innovation
“I’m so excited and proud to support the work happening here at UofL to launch and grow startups,” Gora said
“This is an opportunity to be part of something that could make a big impact here and across the Commonwealth.”
Gora and Phillips join a class of EIRs that currently includes seasoned founders Tendai Charasika (software) and Bill Dawson (biotech)
Charasika joined as an EIR in 2021 and helped lead the reimagining of UofL’s Launchit startup bootcamp
The EIR program is led by the Office of Research and Innovation’s UofL New Ventures team
which focuses on launching startups around research-born tech
The EIR program is in partnership with Amplify
an organization working to grow Louisville’s entrepreneurship ecosystem
with funding from the Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development
“Jeff and Nick bring a lot of knowledge and experience as founders
and we’re excited to have them join the team,” said Will Metcalf
a UofL associate vice president for research and innovation
“They’ll make our already strong team even stronger
and I’m looking forward to partnering with them to advance our technologies and startups to the next level.”
Norway’s Henrik Kristoffersen celebrates on the podium after winning an alpine ski
hugs second-placed Brazil’s Lucas Pinheiro Braathen
next to second-placed Brazil’s Lucas Pinheiro Braathen
celebrates on the podium with second-placed Brazil’s Lucas Pinheiro Braathen
and third-placed Switzerland’s Marco Odermatt
and third-placed Switzerland’s Marco Odermatt congratulate each other at the finish area
Norway’s Henrik Kristoffersen competes in an alpine ski
Switzerland’s Marco Odermatt competes in an alpine ski
Andorra’s Joan Verdu competes in an alpine ski
Austria’s Raphael Haaser competes in an alpine ski
Norway’s Henrik Kristoffersen celebrates winning an alpine ski
Slovenia (AP) — Henrik Kristoffersen won his first World Cup giant slalom in three years on Saturday
denying runner-up Lucas Pinheiro Braathen what would have been Brazil’s first ever top-level victory in Alpine skiing
Pinheiro Braathen improved from seventh after the opening run as he led the race with only first-run leader Kristofferson to come down
The Norwegian lost more than half of his advantage but still finished a commanding 0.41 seconds ahead of his former teammate
who switched nations and returned to the circuit competing for Brazil this season after a year off
really good conditions,” Kristoffersen said
who trailed Kristoffersen by 0.15 after the opening run
Odermatt smashed a ski pole against the boarding of the finish area after he finished 0.11 behind Pinheiro Braathen
you want to keep it until the finish,” said Odermatt
who is the Olympic and three-time World Cup GS champion
No other skier than Kristoffersen or Odermatt has won in the seven GS races held on the Podkoren course since 2019
Pinheiro Braathen came close to ending the streak but had to settle for his fourth podium result since his switch to the Brazilian federation
Joan Verdu of Andorra was third after the opening run but finished ninth
River Radamus placed 12th after posting the second-fastest time in the final run on the hill where his former teammate Ted Ligety won a record six times between 2008 and 2014
The Austrian men’s team has not won any of the 34 World Cup races since Manuel Feller won a slalom in February 2024
matching its worst series of winless events in 1991-92
Wendy Holdener and finished second and third in Kranjska Gora
to make it back-to-back women's slalom titles in the 2024/25 FIS World Cup season
But Ljutic tamed the technical event with a sensational run
taking down some of the most respected and established racers on the circuit
Ljutic moved fractionally ahead on the splits in the opening sections and built on that advantage with some crisp skiing crossing the line in a time of one minute
Holdener had to settle for second place, finishing 0.16s behind Ljutic, with Sweden’s Anna Swenn-Larsson finishing third with 1:40.81.
Ljutic now leads in both the slalom discipline and the overall standings for the 2024/25 campaign.
“I felt good. I was trying to push everywhere and the only thing that I thought I could do better was let go in the finish a bit earlier but it was enough,” Ljutic told the FIS.
to boost her hopes of ending the 2024-25 season with a crystal globe trophy
The Olympic gold medallist now leads the women's overall standings
Alice Robinson of New Zealand was third. Italy's Federica Brignone, who had led the GS standings, fell on her first run.
2024/25 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup: Results from women's giant slalom
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Recent research on the organisation and growth of large settlements (both urban and non-urban) has prompted a reassessment of factors driving population aggregation
Systematic aerial and ground survey of the South Caucasus mega-fortress Dmanisis Gora
contributes to the understanding of large fortress settlements in the South Caucasus (c
Substantial defensive walls and stone architecture in the outer settlement contrast with low-intensity occupation
possibly by a seasonally mobile segment of the population
the investigation of large non-urban settlements is an important component of wider investigation of urbanism as a phenomenon
Archaeological survey (via remote-sensing, aerial and terrestrial methods) has identified a few large fortress complexes (tens to hundreds of hectares) that may date to the Late Bronze or Iron Age (c. 1500–500 BC) (Badaljan et al. Reference Badaljan, Edens, Kohl and Tonikjan1992; Hammer Reference Hammer2014)
but further work is necessary to define this phenomenon
South Caucasus mega-fortresses remain poorly understood as a settlement type
even with respect to basic questions of size
Many of the widely varying ecological and topographic environments of the Caucasus (unploughed
temperate forests) are challenging for archaeological survey
Site formation processes favouring lateral movement (horizontal stratigraphy) rather than vertical tell-building also pose interpretive difficulties
a 60–80ha fortress-settlement of exceptional preservation and size
offers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the spatial organisation of one of these large sites
these results bring wider discussions of mega-sites into focus for the South Caucasus
they contribute to comparative analyses of diversity in the forms of large settlements and offer insights into the factors driving population aggregation
particularly in mountainous regions and in areas dominated by pastoralism
where research strategies and archaeological preservation have permitted
‘halos’ of settlement (and cemeteries) have been documented around fortresses
as well as long segments of fortification walls that extend between or around fortresses
Map of the Dmanisi plateau and surrounding areas
Former extent of field systems estimated from Corona satellite imagery (mission 1115-2
Elevation data: Shuttle Radar Tomography Mission (figure by R
Site formation processes and architectural preservation at Dmanisis Gora are ideally suited for aerial survey
Shallow sedimentation in the outer enclosure means that features are visible on the surface
Survey was undertaken in early autumn when grass cover was minimal
A DJI Phantom 4 RTK unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to map the entire site and adjacent areas (total: 115ha)
An RTK base station provided relative positioning accuracy of 20mm or better
digital elevation models and hillshades were produced via photogrammetry from nearly 11 000 aerial photographs in Agisoft Metashape
Orthophoto resolution was approximately 1cm/px; digital elevation models were downsampled to 3.4cm/px to capture subtle variations in underlying topography more effectively
Ground control points shot with a total station were used to refine georeferencing
Features observed in orthophotos and hillshades were investigated through ground-level observation
and geospatial datasets were adjusted accordingly
the combination of aerial and systematic ground-based observation was necessary for distinguishing natural features
in whether a feature was anthropogenic or not
Uncertain or otherwise ambiguous features were noted in the geodatabase
it did not affect interpretations of overall site structure
In the two weeks spent ground-truthing features
undiagnostic pieces of ceramic and obsidian debitage were noted in the outer enclosure; systematic surface collection was therefore not attempted
Lastly, to contextualise Dmanisis Gora within its wider settlement landscape, we undertook a wider survey of the surrounding areas, targeting fortresses and settlements (Figure 1)
While these data are not presented in full here
we refer to some of these results where relevant (e.g
in reference to fortress-hinterland dynamics)
Map of Dmanisis Gora highlighting archaeological features
Red dotted line indicates extent of UAV photogrammetry
Background image is a Hexagon satellite image (mission: 1210-3
Figure 3. Hillshade (top left) and orthophoto (top right) of fortress core, with plan of trench 2 excavations. For full details of excavations, see Erb-Satullo and Jachvliani (Reference Erb-Satullo and Jachvliani2022) (figure by N
were also identified directly to the north of the inner fortress
Mounded features were noted on both sides of a field boundary to the north-east of the inner fortress. These are possibly kurgans, but they differ morphologically from other, more definitive burials in the outer settlement (see below). Moreover, their proximity to the field boundary and a long rectangular barn foundation (Figure 2) raises the possibility that they are associated with recent agricultural activities
Figure 4. Map of the outer settlement, with labels indicating locations shown in Figures 5 (A & D), 9 and 10. For key to features, see Figure 2; grey fill distinguishes area and linear stone features (figure by N
Comparison of fortification walls (A–C) with field boundary walls (D–F) using hillshade (A & D) and orthophotos (B & C
Outside the complete 1km fortification wall are three partial sections of additional walls (Figure 2)
Two of these align and may once have formed a perimeter wall that was either partially destroyed or never completed
The third section is less well preserved but has features more characteristic of a fortification wall than a field boundary
The total area of plateau defended by these outer walls is about 80ha
though the settlement is mostly contained with the smaller area defined by the complete 1km fortification wall
Stone structures are directly associated with the outer fortification walls
particularly the 1km complete wall and the southernmost partial wall section
These include both rectilinear and curvilinear features
some of which appear to be built against the wall
Interpretation of these structures and their relationships to the fortification was challenging from surface observation alone
might be interpreted as buttresses or watchtowers
particularly where adjacent gaps in the wall might indicate the presence of gates
are similar to cromlechs (stone tombs) seen elsewhere in the outer enclosure (see below for discussion of mortuary features)
Hillshades of field systems showing plough-damaged features (figure by N
Comparison of the outer settlement at Dmanisis Gora (left) and a medieval or post-medieval settlement at Kariani
Scale and hillshade parameters are identical; note differences in topographic prominence and spatial structure of compounds (figure by N
Oblique aerial view of outer enclosure from the north-west (figure by N
with transparent grey interpretive overlays
showing structures with walls two stones thick (A & B) examples of both curvilinear and rectilinear structures (B–D) and a structure abutting a fortification wall (E) (figure by N
Surface detail and possible interpretations of mortuary structures in the outer settlement (figure by N
Outcrops of bedrock within the outer enclosure indicate a shallower depth of sediment than in the inner fortress
Together with the near total absence of surface ceramics
the shallow sedimentation is unusual considering the substantial investment in the built environment shown by the stone architecture and defensive walls (though admittedly
unploughed highland pasture is unfavourable to surface visibility of ceramics)
The combination of abundant stone-built architecture and apparent low intensity and/or duration of occupation in this area requires explanation
The absence of surface ceramics precludes dating of features identified in the outer enclosure through ceramic typologies
careful examination of the remains enables some general observations about site chronology
These reconstructions must necessarily be provisional
there are indications that the field systems
terraces and plough furrows post-date the settlement in the outer enclosure
The presence of partially preserved plough-damaged structures within the field system supports this conclusion
The ruined barn in the field nearest the inner fortress cuts across one of these field boundaries suggesting that the barn is one of the latest structures built on the site
most likely in the nineteenth to mid-twentieth century
The chronology of the sustained occupation in the inner fortress has bearing on the chronological interpretation of the outer settlement
radiocarbon dates and most of the ceramic assemblage reliably dates the occupation in the inner fortress to the late second and first millennia BC
Small quantities of possibly post-Iron Age sherds were occasionally identified in the uppermost layers during the excavation of the inner fortress
but this activity is at present difficult to characterise and there is little indication of a later settlement of any size
Glazed ceramics are a common feature in medieval settlements in the region
but only one definitively non-modern glazed sherd
of unclear date (10mm × 15mm) has been recorded among the >50 000 sherds processed from the 2018
the proportion of high-fired red and buff sherds (i.e
fabrics that are definitely post-Iron Age) recorded is less than one per cent of the assemblage
Several lines of reasoning suggest that the outer fortification and settlement were roughly contemporary with the occupation of the inner fortress
the structure and architectural style of the outer fortification walls are comparable to the inner fortification walls; both were constructed of minimally or un-worked boulders with a similar range of sizes assembled without mortar into walls more than 2m thick
the inner fortress and the outer settlement/fortification walls are mutually dependent with respect to defence
so it is implausible that the outer settlement would be occupied when the inner fortress was not
Topography restricts surveillance of approaches to the inner fortress from the west
while the walls of the outer enclosure have excellent westward visibility
most of the outer settlement lacks views of the key point of access to the plateau next to the inner fortress
and there are no corresponding eastern defences other than the inner fortress to protect from attacks in that direction
It is probable that a settlement of dozens of hectares would take advantage of the defensive affordances of the inner fortress
and thus leave clear traces of occupation there
The absence of substantial later occupation in the fortress therefore supports a first millennium BC or earlier date for the outer settlement
This precludes the possibility of a much later date for the outer settlement
In the absence of absolute dating of the outer settlement
we cannot categorically rule out other chronological schemes besides our proposed Late Bronze or Iron Age date for the outer fortification and settlement
roughly contemporary with the inner fortress
Our phasing retains significant uncertainty
in the sense that ‘roughly contemporary’ encompasses a range of different possible models of site chronology
hypothetical chronologies that differ radically (e.g
that the outer settlement and fortification system is medieval or later) are implausible given the current evidence
The comparatively thin stratification in the outer settlement suggests a lower intensity or duration of occupation relative to the inner fortress
despite the investment that construction of the outer defensive walls and settlement would have entailed
One possibility is that occupation in the outer settlement was regular enough to warrant these efforts
but short enough to preclude significant archaeological stratification
The large outer settlement at Dmanisis Gora may be a manifestation of this phenomenon—a settlement population that expanded and contracted as the mobile segment gathered to
evidence for a political or administrative apparatus within these fortresses capable of exercising coercive authority is limited in comparison with Late Bronze Age Hittite and Iron Age Urartian fortresses
the protection afforded by gathering around well-defended strongholds
especially ones large enough to encompass both people and animals
may have been more attractive than coercive
especially if such arrangements were more temporary
Dmanisis Gora's inner fortress is largely comparable in size to cyclopean fortresses elsewhere
including those where large outer enclosures have not been documented
While sparse data on lower settlements do not permit a robust region-wide quantitative assessment
size of the fortress core does not seem to scale proportionally with the size of the outer settlement
If the size of the inner fortress can be viewed as a rough proxy for its administrative capabilities
storage facilities and/or capacity for coercive authority
the pattern might suggest that the apparatus of authority did not grow in proportion to the size of the settlement
This might be consistent with a scenario of fluctuating lower-intensity occupation in the outer settlement and might support models of population aggregation that were more communal than coercive
geophysical survey and systematic surface survey
the spatial extent of settlement within the enclosure remains unclear
primarily due to sedimentation and damage from intensive modern agriculture
Other potential large sites lack systematic survey (UAV mapping
surface collection or geophysics) which would enable detailed assessment
These examples suggest that the Dmanisis Gora mega-fortress
while exceptional in size and preservation
though more robust evidence regarding site chronology and occupation intensity is needed
while it remains unclear to what extent the twelfth-century BC ‘Bronze Age Collapse’ impacted the South Caucasus
material culture and settlement patterns in this region show remarkable continuity across the Bronze Age–Iron Age transition
suggesting a possible link between settlement dynamics and societal resilience
This trajectory appears to be in sharp contrast to the rest of the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean
requires both more systematic survey of other potentially similar sites and more intensive investigation of Dmanisis Gora itself
The authors would like to thank Lara Fabian and Tiffany Earley-Spadoni
who provided in-press manuscripts of their upcoming work
as well as Kakha Kakhiani and Zurab Makharadze
who provided support and encouragement for field research at Dmanisis Gora
Support for the project came from the Gerald Averay Wainwright Fund
the British Institute at Ankara (BIAA) and a Gerda Henkel Foundation Project Grant (AZ 33/F/22)
Hillshade (top left) and orthophoto (top right) of fortress core
see Erb-Satullo and Jachvliani (2022) (figure by N
with labels indicating locations shown in Figures 5 (A & D)
see Figure 2; grey fill distinguishes area and linear stone features (figure by N
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3B Media105.7 The HOG / Spirit 101.9/ 93.3 The Ranch94.1 The VIBE / 98.9 The WOLF37 South DriveCrossville
Phone: 931-484-1057Fax: 931-707-0580
but his favorite hobbies were spending time with his grandchildren
He is survived by his wife Judy Kearley Gora; children GeLynna (Tony) Shaw and Shylah Gora; grandchildren Cayden and Gracie Jo; and sisters Berta Merolli and Barbara Carter
George was preceded in death by his parents George Washington and Stella (Green) Gora; son Rocky Gora; and siblings Louis Gora
A Memorial Service will be held on Saturday
left her earthly home to be in the presence…
Cynthia “Cindy” Gayle Helton age 56 of Lafollette
Phone: 931-484-1057Fax: 931-707-0580
Website by: 3B Media in association with Maximum Site Design
National Assembly Chair Nataliya Kiselova welcomed the guests and organizers of the first folklore festival
taking place on Saturday in the Kazanlak village of Srednogorovo
“Let us continue to maintain traditions and preserve customs
relatives and the beloved native village,” she said
Kiselova thanked guests for the warm welcome
"I think that those who come to Srednogorovo for the first time will be impressed," she pointed out
And she wished the residents of the settlement to continue in the same spirit
On behalf of Kazanlak Municipality Mayor Galina Stoyanova
as well as on behalf of all residents of Srednogorovo
the Mayor of the village Iliyan Iliev presented Kiselova with a gilded rose to decorate her office and the National Assembly
as well as souvenirs to remind her that on this day she was in their hometown
The organizers recalled the motto of the folklore event: “We welcome guests
and Kiselova visited the charity culinary exhibition and visited the local church St
The restoration of the frescoes and part of the iconostasis took a long time
and now the main part of the iconostasis is to be restored so that the church can be used fully
The frescoes in the church are the work of the most famous Kazanlak icon painters from the early 19th century
The festival was created at the initiative of community centre secretary Boryana Ilieva on the occasion of the the temple holiday of the local church St
Over 400 participants from the town of Kran and the villages of the region Rozovo
as well as from the village of Dzhuliunitsa
The festival presented the entire palette of Bulgarian folklore with songs
Contacts +359 2 9262 210
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The Norwegian’s love affair with the Podkoren is renowned and almost three years to the day since Kristoffersen last tasted World Cup GS success, he repeated the trick on his favorite hill to grab maximum points and close to within 41 of standings leader Marco Odermatt (SUI/Stöckli).
The Swiss man boasts almost as stellar Kranjska Gora record as his Norwegian rival, but this time around he could not quite find his rhythm on the second run and faded to finish third, 0.52 seconds back.
Sandwiched between the two came Lucas Pinheiro-Braathen (BRA/Atomic). His charging afternoon effort propelling him up the leaderboard, just 0.41 seconds away from a first World Cup win in Brazilian colors.
That excitement will have to wait a little longer, as will those Andorrans who sensed a rare chance to unfurl their flags. An aggressive, on-the-edge morning run had put Joan Verdu (AND/Head) into third but the 29-year-old slipped out of contention after making too many errors in the afternoon.
Alexander Steen Olsen (NOR/Rossignol) knows the feeling. Twice a winner already this season, the youngster was hoping to make his own move in the Crystal Globe race. But fourth after run one, Steen Olsen never found his tempo in run two and dropped all the way down to 19th.
Perhaps he will seek out his teammate for advice ahead of Sunday’s Slalom.
In the nine Kranjska Gora GS World Cup races since Kristoffersen first landed on the podium in 2016, he has won the race four times, finished second twice and third once more. There may have been nowhere else the 30-year-old wanted to be on Saturday, especially as despite all his recent consistency, Kristoffersen had not won a GS race since his 2022 Podkoren triumph.
“Really good conditions, both first run and second run. It almost felt better in the second run to ski, I’ll be honest. First run course set really good, second one a little faster.
“Today was a really good day, really good skiing.”
No man other than Kristoffersen or Odermatt has won a GS World Cup race in Kranjska Gora since Marcel Hirscher in 2018. And the fact both were on the podium once more sets up the Crystal Globe battle beautifully, with two more races to come.
“For sure I feel the pressure, my advantage is getting less and less, smaller and smaller,” Odermatt said, before adding; “But it’s still there. I am going to fight until the end.”
Just 0.15 seconds behind Kristoffersen at the halfway-stage, the reigning World Cup GS champion was in a good position to pile the pressure on the leader. But seeimgly thrown out of rhythm by a bumpy beginning, Odermatt leaked time throughout and even a trademark finishing surge could not save him this time.
A good race, not the best race, not the race I hoped for but for sure a podium is always good. The Norwegians showed again they are very tough to beat on those spring conditions. – Marco OdermattReward for Pinheiro Braathen after tough timesPinheiro Braathen knows better than most just how good Kristoffersen is in softer snow, and indeed in Kranjska Gora. One-time teammates, Pinheiro Braathen had to be at his very best to come back from 0.88 seconds behind after run one to grab a podium finish.
“If I thought the win was possible, I would have been dancing like a maniac in the finish area,” Pinheiro Braathen said with a smile after ending second.
“It's really surprising that I was able to clinch Marco today. I'm really proud of that. He's a skier that I respect with so much. So, I'm really proud of that. And Henrik yeah, I mean, he's, he's amazing when it comes to this grindy, salty snow, and especially here in Kranjska Gora. He held it down, claimed the win. Nothing but respect to him.”
The 24-year-old’s return to the World Cup after a year-long absence, has been impressive with six top-five finishes across the technical disciplines before Saturday. But things have been challenging recently, making the return to the podium even sweeter.
“February, it’s just been tough man, it's just been right hooks to the face, left, right and center. I had no trust in my skiing recently, and then, with the sickness coming into World Champs, really knocked me out. I've spent the following eight, nine days on the bed trying to do everything I can. Analyzing ski racing from the past, working with my ski brand, doing everything in my power besides moving to get back on my feet and to return with the most amount of success.
“I've been working so hard to make my way back so to come here on this demanding snow in Kranjska Gora, such a demanding Giant Slalom race, with success, it's a special one for me and my team today.”
He will get a chance to improve that second place in Sunday’s Slalom. But they may all be chasing one man again, as he hunts down Ted Ligety’s (USA) resort record of six World Cup wins.
“I will hopefully come back next year and tomorrow too, with the Slalom,” Kristoffersen smiled.
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Kristoffersen started the second run in joint sixth place but put in a technically brilliant performance to claim his second Slalom victory of the season. It was the first time in his career he has won a GS and a Slalom in the same weekend.
His closest rivals for the Slalom Crystal Globe meanwhile lost ground – Loic Meillard (SUI/Rossignol) was fourth and Clément Noël (FRA/Dynastar) finished tenth after a scrappy second run, meaning the Norwegian now has one hand on the trophy with two Slalom races left.
It was a fine day for Norway – and for Van Deer skis – too, as Timon Haugan (NOR/Van Deer) claimed second place.
Manuel Feller (AUT/ Atomic), who has struggled to defend the Slalom Crystal Globe he won in fine fashion last season, looked back on form as he finished third.
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Kristoffersen seals ‘career goal’ doubleLoic Meillard (SUI/Rossignol)
the recently crowned Slalom World Champion
but Kristoffersen applied huge pressure on the second
The Norwegian has a habit of winning from behind
and on a slope he has identified as favouring more technical skiers – “you can’t cheat yourself a good result here”
he said yesterday – he once again excelled
He made minor errors at the top and mid-section of the course
Kristoffersen then faced ten agonising minutes as his rivals tried to top him
struggled to find a groove on the rutted track
while Meillard was cautious early on and made a big mid-course error
because I made a little mistake after the first roller in the second run
I still feel like I messed up the top and second section a little bit
“It is my first double weekend with GS and Slalom
I’ve been second in GS and first in Slalom
conditions where it’s all about the skier."
has had a feast or famine Slalom season: he has won three times in his last ten World Cup Slalom outings
and this was his second time finishing in second place
Haugan put in a similar run to his compatriot: technically solid
recovering rapidly from occasionally being pushed onto his heels
It was his best performance by a mile on this track: his previous best in Kranjska Gora was 20th in 2021
and it’s the first double win for Henrik and I with Van Deer
so I’m very happy to get my first podium here.”
It was a perfect ski day – Manuel Feller Feller
showed the aggressive line and bullish attitude that won him the Globe last season
He gained three places in the second run to seal third
despite skirting close to skiing out at the top
on the first run the middle part was not that good
“On the second run I was a little bit surprised after I crossed the finish line that I was only two tenths behind
“I was close to DNF on the inside ski two times
“When Tanguy [Nef] was behind me I thought ‘OK
I’m happy because Loic is the best technical skier right now
Kristoffersen will certainly agree with that
Iowa - The 2025 Berger Lecture at the University of Dubuque Theological Seminary will be held on Martin Luther King Jr
Rev. Gilo Gora Agwa (MDiv'14) will present and preach on "Proclaiming and Demonstrating God's Care for Those on the Margins" at 11:00 a.m. January 20 in Blades Chapel, Blades Hall, University of Dubuque. The sermon will also be livestreamed at www.facebook.com/DubuqueSeminary
A lunch by reservation will be held after the worship serve at 11:50 a.m. in Blades Chapel. Following the meal, a hybrid closing discussion on the care for immigrants and refugees will occur at 12:30 p.m. in Blades Chapel. To reserve a meal or request a Zoom link to engage in the closing discussion, please contact UDTS@dbq.edu by Monday, January 13, 2025.
Agwa holds a bachelor's degree in leadership and development studies from the Mekane Yesus Management and Leadership College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. After relocating to the United States in 2011, he continued his theological education, earning a master of divinity from UDTS.
Agwa currently serves as the teaching elder for the Fountain of Life Faith Community, a joint ministry supported by the Presbytery of the Twin Cities Area and St. Paul Area Synod. The Foundation of Life Faith Community meets at St. Andrew's Lutheran Church in Mahtomedi, Minnesota, every Sunday afternoon. Additionally, for the past eight years, Agwa has worked as a part-time chaplain at Sanford Health/Good Samaritan Society Nursing in Stillwater, Minnesota.
Agwa's current ministry in Minnesota includes micro projects focused on serving refugees from Ethiopia and South Sudan, particularly the Anuak community.
The Berger Lectures on Preaching were established by alumni and friends of UDTS in memory of the later professor of preaching, David I. Berger.
The first run had set the stage for an intense battle, with nothing separating Ljutic and Holdener as they pulled over a second ahead of the rest of the field. Holdener, 31, set a blistering pace in her second run, momentarily taking the lead and appearing poised for victory. However, Ljutic’s ability to lift her game even higher in the face of pressure secured her the top spot. “I was trying to push everywhere,” Ljutic explained. “I hoped it was enough, and it was.”
Holdener was gracious in defeat, stating, “I attacked, I gave everything. It’s an amazing fight.” The 31-year-old had naturally hoped to snatch the season-standing lead in the absence of legends like Mikaela Shiffrin of the United States and Petra Vlhova of Slovakia, but now faces the challenge of holding off the younger generation.
The women’s technical racers prepare for the next slalom in Flachau, Austria, on January 14, while the speed women will compete at St. Anton, Austria, on January 11 and 12. The women’s team will head back to the Stifel U.S. Ski Team headquarters in Toblach for training.
2025·Alpine SkiingSara Hector (SWE/Head) celebrates after winning the Kranjska Gora Giant Slalom on Saturday
©Agence ZoomAfter spending much of the week in her sick bed and then inadvertently revealing her meal of choice between runs
Sara Hector (SWE) might have discovered not one but two secrets to success
Despite being less than 100 percent healthy
the 32-year-old Swede held off a spirited challenge from the next generation of World Cup stars to dominate Saturday's Giant Slalom in Kranjska Gora and win by nearly a second and a half
The Olympic Giant Slalom champion won her second race of the season
using a scintillating first run to set up her victory ahead of 18-year-old Lara Colturi (ALB/Blizzard
+1.42s) and 23-year-old Alice Robinson (NZL/Salomon
who was still coughing during her post-race interviews
"I couldn't believe it this morning
And rest wasn't the only successful recipe for Hector
after mishearing a question in her victory interview
another secret weapon that fuelled her between the two runs: a sandwich with scrambled eggs
Hector moved into the lead in both the Giant Slalom and Overall World Cup standings as the new year begins
and is well-positioned in both races with Mikaela Shiffrin (USA/Atomic) still recovering from injury and Lara Gut-Behrami (SUI/Head) down on her form of a season ago
Colturi and Thea Louise Stjernesund (NOR/Rossignol) were the only top skiers to find the right combination of aggression and technique
leading second-placed Colturi by 1.13 seconds at the halfway stage
"These conditions really fit me very well," Hector admitted
Almost everyone else struggled to find their grip in the first run
including the two most decorated skiers in the field: Federica Brignone (ITA/Rossignol)
who went down and out on her inside ski midway down the course to register a DNF; and Gut-Behrami
who lost time all the way down the piste and found herself nearly a second and three-quarters behind the Swedish leader
Julia Scheib (AUT/Rossignol) threw down the gauntlet with the fastest time from equal 13th
taking the lead and holding it for the next nine skiers until Robinson overtook her
while speed star Sofia Goggia (ITA/Atomic) skied the second-best run of the afternoon session to finish fifth
As the race reached its climax with the final five skiers
Gut-Behrami couldn't take advantage of a course set by her father and coach
while Stjernesund dropped four places from third to seventh
who won three World Cup races as a teenager and has found her way back to close to that form in the last season and a half
took the lead and guaranteed herself a place on the podium when Stjernesund faltered
"I knew I could have done better on the first run," said Robinson
didn't quite take advantage of a course set by her coach in the morning session
"I think I skied solid but was just too conservative
I just wanted to attack and go for it and not overthink anything
I think I found a good balance of pushing and also being smart with the tactics."
Colturi aimed to emulate fellow youngster Zrinka Ljutic's (CRO/Atomic) maiden victory last Sunday
and skied wisely beyond her years to overtake Robinson
although she was ultimately no match for Hector
"It just feels amazing," Colturi said of her second World Cup podium
"I was feeling really confident in myself in the last week and finally I've made two really good runs."
As for holding her nerve in the second run
she said simply: "I was just thinking (of) having fun like always
was error-free and never troubled as she powered away from Colturi's splits with the third-fastest second run to confirm her seventh World Cup victory and second in the Slovenian resort after her 2022 triumph
With some more rest on Saturday night — and maybe another sandwich or two — the veteran Swede will be back at it again on Sunday in the Slalom at 10:00 CET
hoping to complete the Kranjska Gora double
Home → Science → Archaeology
Researchers have long known about the formidable scale of the Dmanisis Gora fortress
but a recent study has unveiled its true magnitude
Using drone-based imagery and photogrammetry
a team of scientists has revealed that this 3,000-year-old structure in the Caucasus Mountains spans an astonishing 60 to 80 hectares
The South Caucasus is a region that today largely corresponds to the countries of Armenia
which are sometimes called the ‘Caucasus states’
marked by rugged mountains and diverse ecosystems
As the area is situated at the boundary between Europe, the Eurasian Steppe, and the Middle East, the Caucasus has been a cultural crossroads with distinctive local identities. It’s also a place that has had to withstand some of the most expansive empires in human history
fortress settlements started emerging in the area
These fortresses weren’t like traditional cities
They combined defensive strategies with communal living spaces
Located on a plateau with steep-sided gorges providing natural defenses
the fortress showcases the ingenuity of its builders
enclose not only the inner fortress but also an expansive outer settlement
These features suggest that the site served as both a stronghold and a center of social and economic activity
Senior Lecturer in Architectural Science at Cranfield Forensic Institute
his co-director from the Georgian National Museum
the scientists conducted an aerial survey of the region
“That was what sparked the idea of using a drone to assess the site from the air,” commented Dr
“The drone took nearly 11,000 pictures which were knitted together using advanced software to produce high-resolution digital elevation models and orthophotos—composite pictures that show every point as if you were looking straight down
This approach is called photogrammetry. In this technique, researchers take numerous, partially overlapping aerial photos. They measure precisely (up to a few millimeters) where the photos were taken and then they use complex algorithms to stitch them together
“These datasets enabled us to identify subtle topographic features and create accurate maps of all the fortification walls
and other stone structures within the outer settlement
The results of this survey showed that the site was more than 40 times larger than originally thought
including a large outer settlement defended by a 1km-long fortification wall.”
The researchers also compared the results with 50-year-old photos taken by a Cold War-era spy satellite declassified in 2013
nothing which features were new and which were ancient
life revolved around a duality—protection and community
The heart of this settlement was its inner fortress
surrounded by sturdy stone structures and remnants of their daily lives
hinting at a community that was both self-reliant and closely knit
Beyond the main walls stretched an outer settlement
Imagine walking through dispersed compounds—some rectangular
others curvilinear—separated by open spaces
where people could coexist while still maintaining their independence
This is why Dmanisis Gorais so intriguing for archaeologists
because it represents a strange settlement type
Its size rivals that of medieval towns in the region
yet its layout suggests a different kind of community structure
Dmanisis Gora’s outer settlement consisted of dispersed compounds with open spaces in between
“Dmanisis Gora isn’t just a significant find for the Southern Caucasus region
but has a broader significance for the diversity in the structure of large-scale settlements and their formation processes
“We hypothesize that Dmanisis Gora expanded because of its interactions with mobile pastoral groups, and its large outer settlement may have expanded and contracted seasonally
Moreover, the site’s scale and complexity suggest that Late Bronze and Early Iron Age societies in the South Caucasus were more interconnected and sophisticated than previously thought. This finding aligns with emerging evidence of extensive trade networks and cultural exchanges during this period
The study was published in the journal Antiquity.
© 2007-2025 ZME Science - Not exactly rocket science. All Rights Reserved.
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2 months agoDuration 1:33:02FIS Alpine Ski World Cup Kranjska Gora: Men's giant slalom run 22 months agoSportsDuration 1:33:02Watch the second runs of the FIS alpine ski World Cup men's giant slalom from Kranjska Gora, Slovenia.
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Richard Omaya Atuya and Joyce Muthoni Njeru achieved a Kenyan double at the Smarna Gora Race, the 10th race in this season’s Valsir Mountain Running World Cup, on Saturday (5).
Cool, drizzly and misty conditions greeted the runners for the race on the outskirts of the Slovenian capital of Ljubljana, making it a good temperature for running, but muddy in places with low visibility. The damp conditions also made the technical sections of rock tricky.
Taking on the 10km course that featured 710m of ascent, it was Omaya Atuya, the winner at Grossglocker and La Montee du Nid d’Aigle, who led in the opening stages of the men’s race. Josphat Kiprotich was a few seconds behind, ahead of Paul Machoka, with Michael Selelo Saoli 10 seconds further back.
By the second timing point it was all change. Kiprotich had taken the lead but it was incredibly close, with Omaya Atuya five seconds behind. There was another five seconds to Selelo Saoli, with Machoka right behind him. Former winner Timotej Becan lay in fifth place at that point, with just a minute separating the top five.
A trio of Italian runners – Andrea Elia, Alberto Vender and Tiziano Moia – sat just behind and the battle for places among the Italian runners was an interesting race in itself.
Omaya Atuya did catch Kiprotich in the final stages and he took the win in a race record of 41:30. Machoka secured second in 42:05 and Seleo Saoli third in 42:31. Kiprotich faded to fourth place (43:02), though this will still gain him valuable World Cup points, while Elia won the battle for fifth in 42:07.
In the women’s race it was initially Scout Adkin who took the lead on approach to the first timing point, though Muthoni Njeru was right on her heels with one second separating them.
Joyce Muthoni Njeru celebrates her Smarna Gora Race win (© WMRA / Marco Gulberti)
It was no surprise to see Philaries Jeruto Kisang and last year’s winner Susanna Saapunki just behind them. Nusa Mali, who was third last year, was 10 seconds behind, while Alice Gaggi was also still in contention with the leading group.
By the second timing point Muthoni Njeru had overtaken Adkin and opened up a 40-second lead. Jeruto Kisang was a minute further back, with Mali in fourth, Gaggi in fifth and Saapunki dropped back to sixth.
Ultimately Muthoni Njeru could not be caught and she held off Adkin to win in 49:43. Adkin took second in 50:13, then there was a gap to Jeruto Kisang in third in 52:52. Saapunki fought her way back to take fourth in 53:21, with Mali just behind for fifth in 53:27.
Adkin was racing the morning after winning the Smarna Gora Record, a short blast uphill (1.85km with 360m of ascent). Luka Kovacic won the men's event.
With just two races to go, excitement is building in the World Cup competition. With today’s point, Adkin has overtaken Jeruto Kisang to move into second place in the rankings. Muthoni Njeru has strengthened her position as leader with 288 points, but it is still possible for Adkin and Jeruto Kisang to catch her next weekend.
In the men’s World Cup standings, the top four remain the same, but Omaya Atuya has overtaken Machoka to move into fifth place. It’s all very close at the top, with Patrick Kipngeno on 235 points, Philemon Ombogo Kiriago on 227 and Kiprotich now on 216. It’s all to play for in Chiavenna.
2 months agoDuration 1:36:14FIS Alpine Ski World Cup Kranjska Gora: Men's slalom run 22 months agoSportsDuration 1:36:14Watch the second runs of the FIS alpine ski World Cup men's slalom from Kranjska Gora, Slovenia.
Norway's Henrik Kristoffersen competes in the first run of the giant slalom event in Kranjska GoraJure Makovec / AFPHenrik Kristoffersen kept his head to deliver a flawless second run and seal his first giant slalom win of the season in Slovenia on Saturday.The Norwegian was leading in Kranjska Gora after the first run but was up against it as former Norwegian now competing under the Brazilian flag Lucas Pinheiro Braathen
put in a storming second run to jump to the top of the pack with six skiers still to go
One by one they fell short of the mark - Alexander Steen Olsen, fourth in the morning, trailing in 19th, Joan Verdu (third) settling for ninth, and Marco Odermatt slotting in second
Then it was all eyes on whether Kristoffersen could deny Brazil their first ever World Cup win
with all Pinheiro Braathen's previous wins coming before he switched allegiance to his mother's country after a falling out with the Norwegian ski federation
The 30-year-old Kristoffersen wasn't about to let his first win of the season go begging
going green in all the sectors for a combined time of two minutes 18.18 seconds
almost better on the second run," he said
The former double world champion (giant slalom in 2019 and slalom in 2023) was taking his World Cup tally to 32 wins
Austria's Raphael Haaser
who upstaged defending champion Odermatt and the mighty Swiss men's team to claim world giant slalom gold on home snow in Saalbach
Kristoffersen moved to within 41 points of Odermatt with two races to go
who won the super-G crown at last month's world championships
holds a handsome lead in the overall World Cup standings with 10 races of the season remaining
by Alex Billington January 21, 2025Source: YouTube
a critical territory for protecting NATO's eastern flank & maintaining regional stability
This looks unsettling and compelling - a very tense Polish spy series to watch
Here's the official trailer (+ poster) for Max's series The Eastern Gate, direct from Max's YouTube:
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