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The secondary sex ratio (SSR) is a widely used descriptor that reflects the living conditions and health status during pregnancy
The aim of study was to assess the impact of maternal factors
and air pollution with the heating season on the sex ratio at birth in the Subcarpathian population from the Krosno district
A retrospective study involving 11,587 births was occurred at the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno between 2016 and 2020
the relationship between the SSR and the level of air pollution during the heating season was investigated
To determine the significance of differences in sex ratios
chi-square analysis and multifactorial regression were used
with a significance level set at p < 0.05
all the studied factors indicated a statistically significant relationship with the SSR
the regression model used shows that maternal age and birth order were the most important factors in shaping the SSR in the study group
it should be noted that while these studies provide insights into the potential causes of gender differences at birth
it can be assumed that the SSR is the result of multiple factors that interact simultaneously during pregnancy
The retrospective cross-sectional study material consisted of data on newborns and their mothers
collected at the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno in the years 2016–2020
The data was obtained with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno
Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s)
A total of 11,587 cases were included in the analysis
which consisted of both singleton and twin pregnancies
There were no information available in the database about identical/fraternal twin births
the SSR values for twin pregnancies were examined separately and subsequently excluded from further analyses
The age of the women ranged from 15.2 to 49.2 years
39.4% were primiparas (first-time mothers)
and the remaining 21.3% had three or more prior childbirths
Because gender identity was not a subject of this study
that the authors refer to when using the term “pregnant women”
The age groups were as follows: less than 19.9 years
The SSR value was estimated for each age group
the study investigated the impact of birth order on the secondary sex ratio
The women were divided into four groups based on the order of their current birth: first
The relationship between the SSR and the interval between the current and previous births was also examined
Women were divided into the following categories based on the time elapsed between births: 0–2
the study analyzed the relationship between the season of birth and the SSR
Newborns were divided into four groups corresponding to the seasons: spring (March
The aim was to assess how the SSR varied depending on the seasons during which the trimesters of pregnancy occurred
it was important to investigate whether the pregnancies coincided with the so-called heating period when increased emissions from heating gas are observed throughout Poland
Pollution values from measuring stations located in the Krosno district were averaged
Regardless of the registration method (24 h or 1 h) the data collected from the measurement stations were averaged (according to the registration time)
and then the results were compared using the ANOVA test (the grouping factor was the year off registration)
Since the ANOVA did not show statistically significant differences
it was decided to average the results for individual months in the examined years
To determine the significance of differences
while logistic regression was utilized to estimate the odds ratio
Statistical analyses were performed in Statistica 13
it was checked whether in the case of a single factor (e.g
heating seasons and the associated increase in air pollution) its impact on the sex ratio could be seen
because that this is a multifactorial phenomenon
we decided to use a regression model to show us how the variables we examined collectively affect the sex ratio
So if we only analyze the results for the chi-square test
we can see how a single factor affects the sex ratio
we can see how all of them together influence the sex ratio and which of them have the greatest impact on this phenomenon
The SSR was initially examined for both multiple and single pregnancies. The findings are presented in Table 2
The chi-square test results indicate a statistically significant relationship between the age of the mother and the sex of the newborn. Subsequently, the odds ratio was calculated for each age category. Table 3 shows the data
revealing that the likelihood of having a male newborn increases for women over 30 years of age
indicating a 25% higher chance of having a male newborn
When the study group is divided into two categories—those under 30 and those over 30—it is observed that the chance of having a male newborn increases by 15% in women over 30 (OR 1.152; 95% CI 1.06–1.25)
The chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship between the order of delivery and the sex of newborns. Table 4 displays the data
indicating that the SSR value for first pregnancies is 119.2
and then it increases to 130.9 for newborns born from third pregnancies
The odds ratio was used to estimate the probability of having a male newborn in different pregnancy orders
It was found that compared to the first pregnancy
the likelihood of having a male newborn increased by 20% in the third pregnancy
the increase in the probability of having a male newborn is less than 9% compared to the first pregnancy
Comparing the odds ratio values for the group with interpregnancy intervals of 2–4 years
it can be concluded that each birth occurring over 4 years increases the chance of giving birth to a male newborn by more than 26%
in the case of interpregnancy intervals below 2 years
the chance is slightly lower but still amounts to almost 22%
The time between pregnancies was also examined
it can be concluded that the shortest interval occurs between the first and second pregnancy
while longer intervals exceeding 4 years are observed between subsequent pregnancies
with the maximum interval occurring between the third and fourth pregnancy
The relationship between the season of birth and the sex of the examined newborns was also analyzed. The chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association between these variables. Table 6 presents the results
indicating that the highest SSR value was observed for newborns born in autumn
while the lowest SSR value was recorded for those born in spring
SSR and percentage ratio of boys and girls born in particular months of the year
Additionally, Fig. 2 illustrates changes in SSR and the concentration of pollutants such as PM10 [µg/mm3], PM2.5 [µg/mm3], SO2 [µg/m3], NOx [µg/m3], and PAH [ng/m3] across the year. The figure indicates that fewer boys were born during periods of increased pollutant concentration, which was confirmed by the chi2 test (p = 0.0000; χ =23.85; df = 1).
SSR and concentration of PM10 [µg/mm3]
Figure 3 illustrates changes in SSR in the fertilization period and the concentration of these pollutants across the year. The SSR appears relatively high when the pollutant concentration is low and increases as the concentration of pollutants increases. This suggests that the tested air pollutants may potentially influence the subsequent SSR.
Fertilization month and concentration of PM10 [µg/mm3]
Furthermore, a multifactor regression model was used in the analysis, including all variables except whether the newborn was from a single or twin pregnancy. The results, as summarized in Table 8
indicate that the model used is statistically significant (R = 0.2383)
When examining the individual components of the model
it becomes apparent that maternal age and birth order have the largest influence on the sex ratio
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno for studies involving humans
for most of this we should observe a higher probability of miscarriage of female fetuses
most studies on miscarriage incidence and risk factors do not record the sex of aborted fetuses
making it difficult to determine how these factors affect the sex ratio
further research investigating the influence of these factors on the sex ratio at birth is warranted
may have a significant impact on SSR differences
due to Krosno’s proximity to the Polish–Ukrainian border and the war in Ukraine that began in 2022
a potential change in the SSR value after the start of the war would be worth investigating
The study was conducted on a relatively small group of 11,538 births
this size is sufficient to capture the observed trends found in studies with larger datasets
SSR is also influenced by other factors that we did not have in the database
Data regarding the woman's previous pregnancies
sex data of newborns from previous pregnancies
or the number of miscarriages could influence the obtained results
Data supporting reported results can be found in https://bip.stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/bip/pl/defaultstronaopisowa/1568/1/1/13._podkarpackie.pdf, https://powietrze.gios.gov.pl/pjp/archives
The data base of mothers and children information have not been made public and are stored by the John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno and are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
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John Paul II Podkarpackie Province Hospital in Krosno
M.-D.J.; Formal analysis: M.-D.J.; Investigation G.B.
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Triple Speedway GP world champion Tai Woffinden has been airlifted to hospital following a crash in Poland on Sunday
This year’s Speedway GP third substitute rider Woffinden tangled with Rzeszow teammate Franciszek Majewski in a tight first turn in heat seven of the club’s sparring fixture away to Krosno
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Ekstraliga club Rzeszow’s official Facebook page
had a very serious accident during the seventh race in a sparring match in Krosno.
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Three suspects are wanted after two separate arsons at a Pickering business in May, 2024.See full story here: https://t.co/J7iGGq7kTl@RegionofDurham @CityofPickering @MayorKevinAshe pic.twitter.com/SyfTFyjQBP
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The City of Krosno announced that the drum
the most important element of the steam boiler
The plant is expected to produce electricity and heat from approximately 22,000 tonnes of solid RDF a year
It will have a thermal output of 6.4 MW and an electricity output of 1.6 MW...
Customer Service+49 7224 9397-701servicenoSpam@GO-AWAYeuwid.de
Editorial Team+49 7224 9397-0recyclingnoSpam@GO-AWAYeuwid.com
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Pinkston was most recently at Mantova in Italy
Former Villanova Wildcats star JayVaughn Pinkston has signed with Polish Basketball League outfit Miasto Szkła Krosno according to EuroBasket
Pinkston seems excited about the opportunity
Krosno finished 12th in the PLK - the highest tier of Polish Basketball - last season
Pinkston last played for Dinamica Mantova in the Serie A2 in Italy and was recently a member of the Supernova team that competed in The Basketball Tournament
After all Pinkston’s been through during his time at Villanova and with the injuries suffered as he began his professional basketball career it’s great to see him continue to get opportunities on the court
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Karim Rashid Designs Sakred Collection for KrosnoFeb 22, 2019 2:46 pm ESTKarim Rashid has designed a new glassware collection for Krosno
Sakred comprises a set of drinking glasses
"Sakred - the pure geometry of the cylinder and the cone; the most universal forms of the world," Karim said
"They are the simplest and most timeless shapes utilized to contain spirits through the ages
The various compositions and colors of the Sakred collection bring a sense of power
The new collection was launched at Ambiente 2019 International Fair
Manhattan, New York, NYUnited States
Phone (212) 929-8657
Website karimrashid.com
Category Multidisciplinary Designers
as part of a partnership with the regional waste management comany Binn Group
which comprised CNIM's wte and biomass plants engineering and construction operations
These businesses were integrated into the Paprec Energies division along with Paprec's Inova Operations business...
The European U21 Team Speedway Championship was scheduled last weekend at Krosno
as the toughest challenge of speedway races
stopped Polish youngsters on their way to the podium since they’ve won four out of five heats
Maybe a lot would have changed in next 15 heats
but Referee and the Jury stopped the meeting after Heat 5
which wasn’t enough heats to verify results; at least 10 heats should be done to decide the U21 European Team Champion
After many glances to the sky and a bit of hope that the rain will stop
the track was already soaked from the rain and it was not possible to continue
Latvian racer Andzejs Lebedevs heads into the OlyBet FIM Speedway GP of Latvia – Riga in red-hot form after racing to 13 paid 14 points for Krosno
Krosno signed off their stay in the top flight with a 47-43 win at home to Leszno on Wednesday
dropping just one point to an opponent over five rides
with Aussie ace Jason Doyle collecting a straight 13 and Czech charger Vaclav Milik adding eight paid nine
Polish racer Bartosz Smektala bagged 11 for Leszno
with Australian international Jaimon Lidsey adding nine paid 10
reigning champions Lublin signed off their regular season by sounding a big warning to table-topping title rivals Wroclaw
Triple world champion Bartosz Zmarzlik led the way on 10 paid 12 points as Fredrik Lindgren notched nine paid 11 and Polish duo Dominik Kubera and Jaroslaw Hampel registered nine paid 10 each
SGP2 champion Mateusz Cierniak added eight as he warms up for Poland’s DeWalt FIM Speedway of Nations – SON2 title bid in Riga on Friday
Former Speedway GP world champion Artem Laguta led the Wroclaw scoring on 12 points
Maciej Janowski picking up six and Tai Woffinden registering five
For full details of the results, scorers and the final PGE Ekstraliga table ahead of the play-off, click here: https://speedwayekstraliga.pl/
The meeting of the Individual U21 Team Speedway Championship was originally scheduled on August 19th but it was postponed because of heavy rain after heat five
due to heavy rain that lasted till midday the practice scheduled for 10.00 was cancelled
After some heavy work the organising club KSM Krosno managed to prepare a raceable track for the meeting
attractive rides from Speedway upcoming riders were held
PICKERING — Fire and city officials were inspecting the plaza on Krosno Boulevard after fire broke out Sunday
Pickering firefighters worked to extinguish a fire at a plaza at 713 Krosno Blvd
in the city’s Bay Ridges area on Sunday
The fire caused an estimated $1.5 million in damages to the plaza
A fire that started in the kitchen of a Pickering restaurant has closed all businesses in the plaza at Krosno Boulevard and Liverpool Road
and the information within may be out of date
PICKERING — A fire that started in the kitchen of a Pickering restaurant has closed all businesses in the plaza at Krosno Boulevard and Liverpool Road
Two people working at the Refuel Kitchen restaurant were treated at hospital and released
said Pickering chief fire prevention officer Stephen Fowlds
He and Fire Chief John Hagg were on scene at the plaza at 713 Krosno Blvd
updating several owners of plaza businesses
there’s no quick answer,” he told businesses owners who are wondering when they can reopen
Electrical power and gas are shut off in the plaza
and any businesses serving food will need a health inspection to resume operations
“A lot of insurance companies are involved
Inventory in plaza businesses will be damaged from smoke
The fire also left structural damage to the roof of the plaza
He advised business owners to contact their own insurance companies
and discouraged them from entering the premises
“If you don’t have to breathe the residue of the smoke
Pickering fire inspectors will be working to determine the exact cause of the fire
which caused an estimated $1.5 million in damages according to Hagg
who operates Riviera Coiffure in the plaza
had booked clients for a Grade 8 graduation Monday
“I’m in the middle of nowhere right now,” he said
as he stood by his truck in the parking lot
“I’ll see if I can get a place temporarily.” A few customers had come by the plaza the night before
they won’t let me in to get my tools or anything.”
and no customers were in her business when the fire broke out
“My customers are going to be upset,” she said
The plaza is also home to businesses that include the Liverpool Pharmacy
and Zeera By The Bay Indian cuisine restaurant
“It’s traumatic; when you have a fire on one side
“Hopefully we’ll have some news for (business owners) soon.”
Fowlds said he’d like the community to know that Pickering has had several restaurant fires recently and the fire department is in the process of inspecting all restaurants in the city
It’s the responsibility of restaurant owners to ensure all fire equipment is serviced
the laws for fire code violations are changing
with potential fines as high as $1.5 million
“The fire code doesn’t differentiate in the severity of fires.”
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As a result of completing the project "We create+We develop+We Activate+We motivate+We determine + We change =KROSNO" a long-awaited space for young people - the Youth Activity Center - has been created
The Centre is located in the centre of Krosno
in the basement of the historic building Rynek 6 with an area of about 200 m²
It has been designed and constructed in a functional manner
The premises include an audiovisual room with a stage
a gallery room and a gallery with a library corner
The aim of this place is to encourage young people to create
It will be a place of self-development and creative expression
as well as a friendly space co-created by and for young people
acquire new skills and participate in the social life of the city
The main goal of the Youth Activity Center is to support young people in taking responsibility for the place where they live
It is the belief that young people have the right to self-determination not only in terms of their lives
but also in terms of how the city operates
its accessibility and service offerings to the community
various educational projects and activities are planned to help young people develop their skills and passions
There will also be space for grassroots initiatives submitted by young people as part of the Center's daily activities
We also want to organize meetings with tutors - a form of support in the personal development of each young person
focused on individual needs and the development of a professional or personal path
The Youth Activity Center is an investment in the future of Krosno and its residents
Young people now have a real chance to shape its image and make positive changes
It is a place where young people can cooperate with others and engage in artistic and social activities
The space will be available for young visitors from Monday to Friday
The opening hours may subject to change in order to adjust them better to the young’s needs
More information about the project is available here: www.bwakrosno.pl. Total project value: 3,767,913.30 PLNFunding from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism: 1,383,584.23 PLNFunding from the State Budget: 244,161.93 PLNOwn funds of the Municipality of the City of Krosno: 2,140,167.14 PLN
Total expenditures for the preparation and investment work
as well as for the implementation of all soft activities
will amount to a total of 4,458,151.89 PLN
funding will amount to the total amount of 2,317,984.75 PLN (NFM: 1,383,584.23 PLN
and own funds of the Municipality of the City of Krosno - 2,140,167.14 PLN
Implemented under the project „We create+We develop+We activate+We motivate+We determine+We change =KROSNO" as a part of the Local Development Programme
co-financed in 85 % from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 and in 15 % from the State Budget.
38-400 Krosnoul. Lwowska 28a
tel. 13 47 430 01um@um.krosno.pl
Pickering firefighters worked to extinguish a fire at a plaza on Krosno Boulevard in the city’s Bay Ridges area on Sunday
The fire caused extensive damage to the plaza
Residents of Pickering’s Bay Ridges community are rallying in a show of support for local businesses forced to close their doors after a plaza fire Sunday
Pickering firefighters worked to extinguish a fire at a plaza on Krosno Boulevard in the city's Bay Ridges area on Sunday
Residents of Pickering’s Bay Ridges community are rallying in a show of support for local businesses forced to close their doors after a plaza fire Sunday (June 23)
“The impact is quite expansive,” said Chris Wright
who’s organizing a community barbecue in the parking lot of the plaza
after a fire at the Refuel Kitchen restaurant broke out in the kitchen Sunday afternoon
Fire officials on scene the next day said that there’s heavy smoke damage to neighbouring businesses and structural damage to the roof
while any business handling food will need a health inspection before reopening
The plaza also includes the Bay Ridges Market
Dogs Town grooming and Zeera By the Bay Indian cuisine restaurant
Pickering chief fire prevention officer Stephen Fowlds
who was at the plaza Monday morning to speak to merchants gathered in the parking lot
couldn’t give them an exact answer as to when businesses could open again — he advised business owners to contact their own insurance companies
and everyone’s in tears wondering what to do,” said Wright Tuesday morning
“We want the businesses to know the community is behind them and we want them to reopen
their big outing is getting their hair done at the Riviera Coiffure
It’s more impactful than what you’d imagine.”
People in the neighbourhood depend on the pharmacy for medication
and the fire has left people temporarily out of work
Wright said he started working the phone Tuesday morning to get permission from the plaza owner to hold a community barbecue in the parking lot
and he called Pickering-Uxbridge MPP Peter Bethlenfalvy
Pickering Mayor Dave Ryan and other Pickering politicians
Bethlenfalvy’s constituency office is supplying tents and barbecues for the community event
Bill McLean and Ian Cumming are helping to get necessary permits
“We’re going to post signs in the neighbourhood and on the Bay Ridges community Facebook page,” said Wright
who added that his wife Tammy is helping organize the barbecue
“It’s not a profit-making thing but to raise community awareness
The barbecue might also lead to ideas on what businesses can do to get their services going again
McLean said that the plaza fire and the closure of the businesses are deeply felt in the neighbourhood
“A lot of people are devastated by the fire,” he said
The Bay Ridges community barbecue will be held Saturday
Wright said there will be a nominal fee to cover costs of hotdogs and hamburgers
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despite determining the tackle that caused them was unnecessary.The New South Wales Police emblem
'A beautiful boy': Coroner says deaths must stop at Bailey Mackander inquest
Devastated family demands change after JC death acquittal
2 min readPublished 26 October 2021 5:18pm
Heddon-Greta speedway ace Josh Pickering has signed to ride with Polish team Wilki Krosno
All articles from our websiteThe digital version of Today's PaperBreaking news alerts direct to your inboxAll articles from the other regional websites in your areaContinueThe Polish second division team confirmed Pickering’s signing earlier this month and the soon to turn 22-year-old will also ride in the UK in 2019
Details of his British deal are being finalised
but Pickering said scheduling should not prove a problem with his Polish team generally competing on Sunday
it will be an expensive exercise for the young rider as it will mean setting up two new bikes in Poland to be able to compete on an even-footing
Pickering said the cost was likely to be in the vicinity of $14,000 a bike and he would be looking for sponsors to help defray the costs
but if I have success and continue in Poland beyond this year it is the best option as trying to ship them about soon costs more,” he said
“I’ll be there racing on Sundays and racing in the UK..
“I’ve got bikes in the UK and will have to do the same in Poland
It’s a massive expense and I’m probably getting to this point quicker than I thought I would but while the opportunity is there I’m going to grab it
“There are no payments for signing with the club
but Poland is where the money is made and where every rider wants to be
There are no payments for signing with the club
I’ve got to set up bikes and then I’ve got to perform because if I don’t I will not be named in the team
Pickering said he had good mate fellow Hunter rider Rohan Tungate to thank for the opportunity to ride in Poland.
The current Australian solo champion from Pelaw Main put Pickering in touch with several club figures in Poland and they were impressed with Pickering’s performance in an international team event with Tungate
“It’s an amazing to mate like that who is really looking out for you even it is such a competitive business,” he said
Pickering heads to Cowra on the weekend for the NSW Solo Championship
an event his finished second in behind Tungate last year
“I’m home working flat out to save as much as I can and still ride as much as I can
“When you ride out here it still costs you a lot of money
It’s hard finding that balance where you are covering all your costs and still saving enough money to set yourself up when you go back over there.”
Any businesses or individuals interested in sponsoring Pickering can contact him via his racing Facebook page Joshie Pickering or on his Instagram Page
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Durham police say damage is pegged at more than $2-million after flames tore through a Pickering plaza near the waterfront
Fire crews were called to Krosno Boulevard near Liverpool Road on Sunday around 4:20 p.m
Police say the blaze affected at least three businesses
but the Ontario Fire Marshal is investigating because of the extent of the damage
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