Metrics details The paper presents the results of the analysis of the volume of water retained in Strzelin Quarry Lakes (SQLs) The volume of retained water was estimated by using the computational method where the proposed reduction factors were determined with the use of DTM (digital terrain model) 2.6 hm3 of water was retained in seventeen Strzelin Quarry Lakes of which 1.2 hm3 in the Ślęza River catchment (3 quarry lakes) and 1.4 hm3 in the Oława River catchment (14 quarry lakes) The obtained data of the volume of water retained in SQLs were compared to the balance of the water retention capacity of water reservoirs in the catchments of the Ślęza River (0.809 hm3) part of the WR08 Bystrzyca balance catchments (16.190 hm3) and in the catchments of the Oława River (2.782 hm3) part of the WR09 Nysa Kłodzka balance catchment (104.960 hm3) Inclusion the volume of water retained in Strzelin Quarry Lakes in the small scale water retention (reservoirs and ponds) balance would increase the volume of retained water by 156.0% in the Ślęza catchment (by 7.8% in the WR08 Bystrzyca balance catchment) and by 49.5% in the Oława catchment (by 1,3% in the WR09 Nysa Kłodzka balance catchment) Under favorable hydrogeological and geomorphological conditions water reclamation of the excavations may be one of the main aspects of increasing the retention capacity of the catchment what is particularly important in areas characterized by low water resources The aim of the present article is to use DTM (digital terrain model) to estimate the retention capacity of Strzelin Quarry Lakes and the influence of the volume of water retained in them on the volume of small-scale reservoir and pond retention resources in the catchments of the Ślęza (balance catchment W-VIII Bystrzyca) and Oława (balance catchment W-IX Nysa Kłodzka) Rivers Catchments of the Ślęża and Oława Rivers in Europe and Poland The location of Strzelin Quarry Lakes on the background of the hydrographic network of Strzelin County Tests were conducted on cohesive rock quarries while other forms of mining and quarrying activities The analyses were conducted on quarry lakes that retain water permanently periodically drying ponds in close quarries and sumps in regularly drained active quarries were not analysed where: V is the estimated volume of water retained in quarry lake (m3) QLS is the area of water surface in the quarry lake (m2) ADq is the average depth of quarry lake (m) Dmax is the maximum depth of the quarry lake (m) RF is the reduction coefficient to reduce the maximum depth of the reservoir to the averaged value where: ADn is the average depth (m), VRW is the volume of retained water (m3), SWR is the surface area of the water reservoir (m2). where: ADm is the average depth (m), VBO is the volume of water between ordinates (m3), WSBO is the surface area of the water reservoir on the higher ordinate (m2). where: IRF is the individual reduction factor (–), ADn,m is the average depth (m), Dmax is the maximum depth of the water reservoir (m). where: RF is the reduction factor (–), ARFn1,m1 is the average reduction factor for actual data (–), ARFn2,m2 is the average reduction factor for actual and prognosed data (–). Digital Terrain Model of Strzelin Quarry quarry lake Strzelin was often assigned to the catchment of Ślęza Water surface area, maximum depth of the analysed SQLs and volume of water retained in individual SQLs. Volume of water retained in small-scale reservoir and pond retention and water retained in Strzelin Quarry Lakes (left scale—the water volume value for columns with solid border lines right scale—the water volume value for columns with dotted border lines) The influence of the volume of water retained in Strzelin Quarry Lakes on the increase in small-scale reservoir and pond retention in catchments [left scale (solid line)—the increase of water reservoirs retention in catchments for columns with solid border lines; right scale (dotted line)—the increase of water reservoirs retention in catchments The volume of water retained in SQLs (Fig. 5) was not included in the balance of reservoir retention capacity in the catchments of the Oława and Ślęza Rivers it is not taken into consideration in the water management plans in particular those that concern water retention and distribution This leads to the lack of reasonable proposals concerning the use of the water retained in SQLs the availability of this water for the economy is quite poor and the water is used to a limited extent and 14) some of it is used in technological processes and in water curtains that reduce dust emission and the sprinklers of the loading shafts and transport roads Some water is also discharged to the network of ditches and watercourses 11 and 14) is used regularly to maintain the water level in fish ponds and other water reservoirs and 15–17) are used for water recreation purposes and even periodical drying of watercourses that persists in some of the rivers in Strzelin County as well as the agricultural nature of the region will point to agriculture as the main direction of use of waters from SQLs Considering the limited resources of surface waters in Strzelin County the water retained in SQLs (which has been used to a limited extent so far) may contribute to improving the availability of surface waters in the county focusing on the potential of the water retention possibilities offered by quarries should translate into the appropriate water management of quarries that are being shut down This may be quite important in the regional aspect as Lower Silesia is home to dozens of active quarries as well as hundreds of inactive quarries The selected results and conclusions of the water quality assessment in selected SQLs are quoted below 3 did not meet the requirements provided in PN-84/C-04635 Due to increased nitrate content in SQL No and excessive sodium concentration and the value of ECw in SQL No water from these quarry lakes should be subject to slight to moderate restriction on use for irrigation the assessment of sodium hazard of irrigation water based on SAR and ECw suggests severe restrictions in using water from SQL No 4 for irrigation and slight to moderate restriction in using the water from SQLs No severe restrictions on using water from SQLs No and 17 for surface irrigation should be applied 3 is subject to high restrictions on use for drip irrigation and water from SQLs No and 17 should be subject to moderate restrictions on use for drip irrigation As far as the concentration of heavy metals is concerned and 17) met the requirements that allow it to be used for agricultural irrigation One may suppose that the water from SQLs should not have a significant negative influence on the water quality in the analysed catchments however it is recommended to continue and expand the scope of research on water quality in SQLs and geomorphological conditions are positive it seems natural to establish retention reservoirs in closed and reclaimed quarries This will reduce the construction costs of water reservoirs (the excavation pit will be transformed into the basin of the reservoir) and improve the effectiveness of the realisation of tasks foreseen as part of adapting such areas as agriculture it is worth including the appropriate provisions that would prioritise the water direction of reclamation of post-mining areas in the relevant planning and strategic documents related to environmental protection and preventing the consequences of droughts and floods The conducted research allowed the Author to formulate the following conclusions: Taking the volume of water retained in Strzelin Quarry Lakes [2.635 hm3 1.262 hm3 in the catchment of the Ślęza River (WR08) and 1.373 hm3 in the catchment of the Oława River (WR09)] into account in the balance of the capacity of retention reservoirs and ponds in the catchments of the Ślęza and Oława Rivers will result in a significant increase in the balance of the retention capacity of water reservoirs: by 156% on the catchment of the Ślęza River and by 49.5% in the catchment of the Oława River as well as in the balance catchments: Bystrzyca (WR08) by 7.8% and Nysa Kłodzka (WR09) by 1.3% Due to the mainly agricultural nature of Strzelin County it seems that agriculture should be the main user of the waters retained in the SQLs Adding SQLs to the register of water reservoirs and to the balance of the retention capacity of water reservoirs should result in actions aimed at the reconstruction and development of systems that enable the distribution of water from SQLs to recipients It should also lead to the development of water management programmes including counteracting the effects of droughts and adapting to climate changes This should result in improved availability of water for potential recipients The concentrations of selected water quality indicators in the SQLs were similar to those noted in natural lakes and water reservoirs not subjected to loads and lower than concentrations found in mine lakes The parameters of water in SQLs showed that it might potentially be useful for agricultural irrigation (in particular sprinkler irrigation) and for supplying potable water to residents even if the total P concentrations were slightly increased pointing to the eutrophication of the SQLs All data generated during this study are included in this published article The data that 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(Fundacja na rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa Woda do Nawadniania Roślin na Użytkach Rolnych Oraz do Ich Opryskiwania Chemicznymi Środkami Ochrony Roślin (Water for Irrigation of Plants on Agricultural Land and for Spraying Them with Chemical Plant Protection Products) Regional Water Management Authority in Wrocław (Regionalny Zarząd Gospodarki Wodnej we Wrocławiu) Projekt Planu Przeciwdziałania Skutkom Suszy w Regionach Wodnych Środkowej Odry Orlicy i Morawy (Draft Plan to Counteract the Effects of Drought in the Water Regions of the Middle Odra Download references The author of the study thanks The Chief Land Surveyor of Country Poland and The Marshal of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship Poland to made available to the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences a cartographic materials to use to prepare the article (licence No MGW.I.7522.524.2016_02_N MGW-I.7552.26.2019_02_N) The APC/BPC is financed by Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences and analyzed data and wrote the entire paper The author declares no competing interests Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18777-6 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2024) Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Xylem Inc has opened a new 1100 sq m commercial facility in Warsaw as part of the water technology company’s ongoing investment in Poland a service and maintenance hub and a warehouse brings Xylem’s total investment in Poland to more than zł67 million Xylem employs almost 350 people in Strzelin and Warsaw is expected to recruit further in the coming months as the company adds to its sales marketing and business development capabilities as well as the additional talent we plan on recruiting this year will benefit from our closer proximity which will deliver stronger customer relationships and tailor-made solutions,” said Rafał Bonter complete with service and maintenance capabilities will also provide an enhanced aftermarket offering for our customers.” Xylem’s regional director for Eastern Europe said: “The Polish market is one of the fastest growing in Europe with a vibrant young population of 40 million and we enjoy a strong market presence here due to our comprehensive portfolio and extensive expertise We are experiencing strong demand across the three primary market segments we operate in – industrial “Our investment in our Warsaw facility and skilled workforce is a further demonstration of our continued commitment to the wider Eastern European region," said Christian Blanc senior vice president & president Europe Commercial Team for Xylem Xylem doubled the size of its factory in Strzelin to more than 17 000 sq m during 2014/15 which opened in 2007 and manufactures large wet rotor circulators and a range of other Lowara-branded pumping solutions has been designed as a centre of excellence in water engineering technology the plant has a Lean Six Sigma approach and a continuous improvement culture Free access to this content is for qualifying individuals only Corporate and institutional access requires an appropriate license or subscription For more information contact institutions@markallengroup.com The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. Marijn van den Berg second and Matteo Moschetti third on flat stage Kooij was perfectly positioned behind a Groupama-FDJ rider after the peloton negotiated a right-hand bend with 500 metres to go The young Dutchman then easily soared past to claim the second Tour de Pologne victory of his career several bike lengths ahead of Marijn Van Den Berg (EF Education-EasyPost) and Matteo Moschetti (Q36.5) After the 199-kilometre flat stage from Strzelin to Opole Matej Mohorič (Bahrain Victorious) remained in the overall lead for a third successive day Prolifically successful with 22 wins to his name even though he is only in his second full year as a professional “There’s never really one recipe to do every sprint make a good plan and that’s what we did today “I tried to be in a good position when we went through that last corner and I  thought maybe I was a bit too much to the front when I went through second I felt good and was able to do a good sprint for the win today “I’ll try for another win tomorrow [Wednesday] and then head to the Worlds.” As heavy rain showers fell on Pologne for the fourth successive day Jacopo Mosca (Lidl-Trek) was in the move for the third straight stage in Pologne although after picking up some more points for his KOM lead on the one classified climb of the day the Italian dropped back to the main bunch.  Sebastian Schönberger (Human Powered Health) Yevgeniy Gidich (Astana Qazaqstan) and Poland National team duo Norbert Banaszek and Patrick Stosz the latter the leader of the most combative rider competition opening up a gap of around four minutes on the bunch.  there was a brief but intense attempt by Ineos Grenadiers sparked by GC contender Michal Kwiatkowski Despite the strong winds on the exposed roads of southern Poland the bunch reformed quickly when it became clear that none of the teams’ main rivals had been caught out the peloton settled back into a default controlling position for the rest of the day and Arkéa-Samsic were the main parties involved in keeping the pace high.  By 70 kilometres to go the French and Dutch squads' combined effort had proved enough to squeeze the leaders’ margin to well under two minutes.  Jayco AlUla and Ineos Grenadiers added more weight to the chase bringing the move down to three for the final hour of racing although Stosz paid homage to his jersey by trying to stay away for another 500 metres The peloton powered on at a deceptively-fast pace for another 15 kilometres clearly setting things up for a sprint but in no mood to end an undeclared ceasefire Bora-Hansgrohe and Human Powered Health collectively began to accelerate hard No team managed to control the bunch in the last few kilometres much of it running on an A’ road next to the River Oder even if the Ineos line was pushing hard on the left and Jumbo-Visma once again made their presence felt in the centre Alpecin-Deceuninck then stepped up the pace with two kilometres to go a string of their riders storming over a railway bridge at the front of the bunch ut then after a Groupama-FDJ rider took a flying start around the final corner for the sprint Kooij was perfectly positioned behind him and ready to pounce for his seventh victory of this season Stage 5 sees Pologne return to much more rugged terrain with more than 3,000 metres of vertical climbing featuring on a trek through the mountains of southern Poland the 50 kilometres between the final category 1 climb and the grinding uphill finish in Bielsko-Biala which has featured regularly in past editions of Pologne “There are four or five climbs before we hit the finishing circuit which are harder than the years I did this circuit before It was like a bunch sprint before when we’ve done this finish but this time there’ll be more of a selection,” predicted Mohorič it’ll be very hard but this is our goal it’ll be hard to keep my advantage on GC in Thursday’s time trial.” Results powered by FirstCycling Alasdair FotheringhamSocial Links NavigationAlasdair Fotheringham has been reporting on cycling since 1991 He has covered every Tour de France since 1992 bar one as well as numerous other bike races of all shapes and sizes ranging from the Olympic Games in 2008 to the now sadly defunct Subida a Urkiola hill climb in Spain he has also written for The Independent,  The Guardian,  ProCycling Paul Ehrlich (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a German physician and scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of hematology He is considered one of the most important scientists of the 20th century and his work continues to influence research in these fields today He was born on 14 March 1854 He attended the classical Gymnasium in Frankfurt where he received a rigorous education in Greek Ehrlich enrolled in the University of Strasbourg to study medicine where he was mentored by the renowned microbiologist Robert Koch Ehrlich received his medical degree from the University of Leipzig in 1878 he spent several years working in various hospitals and clinics where he specialized in pathology and internal medicine His research also led to the development of the modern concept of the immune system including the idea of “self” and “non-self” recognition He was one of the first scientists to use staining techniques to identify different types of blood cells which helped to lay the foundation for the field of hematology Ehrlich was also a pioneer in the field of chemotherapy He developed a compound called “salvarsan” to treat syphilis which was one of the first successful treatments for the disease Ehrlich was appointed director of the newly established Institute of Experimental Therapy in Frankfurt where he conducted his pioneering research on immunology and chemotherapy He worked at the institute for the rest of his life Throughout his education and career, Ehrlich was a prolific writer, publishing numerous papers and books on a wide range of topics in medicine, including immunology, pharmacology, and chemotherapy. He died on 20 August 1915 Ehrlich was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908 for his contributions to immunology and chemotherapy Subscribe to our mailing list to get the new updates Subscribe to our mailing list to get the new updates!