The compounding effects of climate change are changing the ways schools operate
as they cancel classes on days with extreme heat or when wildfire smoke is clouding the air and contend with students’ anxiety about the future of the planet
but there are steps school and district leaders can take
to offset some of the fallout from climate change
Finding ways to reduce emissions and upgrade systems to be more efficient and climate-friendly should be a priority for school district leaders
costly undertaking that can span many years
“Climate change and environmental justice are not niche issues
but directly affecting public schools right now
and climate change is impacting students’ daily lives and learning environments,” Hengtgen said
“We wanted to encourage educators to not think of this as someone else’s problem—there are things that educators and education leaders can and should be doing
Few states explicitly include climate change education in their curriculum standards for public schools
solutions-oriented climate change curriculum could spark students’ interest in STEM careers
“Climate change education could be one of the most effective solutions for preventing climate disasters,” the report said
The curriculum should focus on actions students can take to mitigate harm to the climate and adapt to inevitable changes
If done well—by connecting the topics to students’ daily experiences—and started early in children’s education
such instruction can “help build curiosity and knowledge … as well as a sense of agency and hope,” the report said
The key to a successful climate curriculum is providing educators with professional development and support to “teach these concepts confidently
ensuring that classrooms empower students rather than scare them into inaction,” the report continued
“If we can get teachers the kind of support that allows them to feel more comfortable engaging in the topics that kids are already saying
‘We want to learn about this,’ then they can have instruction that is much more relevant to their interests,” said Rodick
It’s a disservice to students when schools don’t address climate change
“It would be false to have students living in environments that are subject to these climate consequences
and then have them come to school and not acknowledge that in any way whatsoever
and not use that as a platform for learning,” he said
States and districts need to recognize that students’ mental health and emotional well-being are often affected by climate change and related natural disasters
The fear of climate change is influencing young people’s lives in big ways
including decisions about where they attend college
whether they stay in their hometowns as adults
“Climate change impacts the social and emotional well-being of students in several ways—including through extreme and inconsistent weather events; through enduring disruptions to the social
and environmental conditions that shape children’s development; and through the general distress and anxiety students experience due to observable and future threats,” the EdTrust report said
States and districts should ensure school leaders and educators—including school nurses—receive professional development to help them recognize students’ climate-related social and emotional needs and to learn how to mitigate any biases they may hold about student behaviors that may manifest as a result of climate-related distress
Schools should also encourage and empower students to take climate-related actions they believe in
“We can’t put it all on young people to solve a problem that they did not create
but I think we can do our very best to empower them with knowing that their voices and actions can make a change,” she said
Children in those communities are also more commonly than their white and higher-income peers enrolled in schools that lack adequate infrastructure to continue operating in severe heat or cold
and during other extreme weather conditions
The compounding problems mean districts should prioritize schools in low-income communities when determining how to queue projects to switch to climate-resilient infrastructure
like solar panels and upgraded HVAC systems
Districts can also strive to ensure that all students have access to safe
accessible outdoor learning spaces by developing schoolyards that replace asphalt and turf—which can get incredibly hot—with outdoor spaces that incorporate more grass
Schools can also consider adding edible gardens
or other elements that support hands-on learning about sustainability and the environment
“This is compromising the very mission that we want to do in education
which is to educate children,” Hengtgen said
so it’s about recognizing that and taking intentional steps to prepare and respond
“School leaders can’t fix or address it all
but they can prepare their schools to be places that are safe and climate-resilient now and in the future.”
Despite the operational stability of its assets
largely driven by valuation markdowns across the portfolio and a qualified audit opinion stemming from historical valuation errors
Management emphasised ongoing efforts to secure hard currency payments and adapt to Cuba’s evolving regulatory environment
The board reaffirmed the long-term viability of the company but highlighted continued uncertainty due to the geopolitical backdrop and Cuba’s internal economic fragility
A viability assessment concluded that CEIBA should remain a going concern over the next three years
though further shocks could pressure that outlook
Investors will want to see evidence of improved capital flows and tourism trends before any meaningful rerating can take place
patience and realism are likely to remain key.]
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Detail of Martin Wannam's SEEK Raleigh project "La Ceiba"
Learn more about Martín Wannam's inflatable Ceiba Tree
Martín Wannam's SEEK Raleigh Project "La Ceiba" will be displayed in downtown Raleigh on September 15 El Pueblo's La Fiesta del Pueblo.
is a 50-foot pink and yellow inflatable with a futuristic haze that aims to spread radical hope and evoke childhood memories and celebration for immigrant communities and queer folks in North Carolina
With the creation of an oversized inflatable tree as the center of gathering with food
this project aims to strengthen the community and spark conversation
The intention of using the Ceiba tree as inspiration and the epicenter of the gathering comes first from the tree's ability to thrive in challenging environments
from using an inflatable as means of joy and celebration
something much needed in contemporary times where immigrants' and queer folks' rights are targeted
Guatemala) is a visual artist and educator whose work critically examines Guatemalan's historical
focusing on dissident perspectives and freedom dreaming for the cuir individual
He works from an equatorial perspective on the intersection of brownness and wildness using the foundation of iconoclasm and the aesthetic of maximalism through the tools of photography
exploring the individual and collective impact of immigration
Martin's Website | Martin's Instagram
La Fiesta del Pueblo is the Triangle’s largest and most diverse festival of Latin American culture
The outdoor event features live music and dance performances
and activities for the whole family!
SEEK Raleigh is an experimental public art program by Raleigh Arts that engages the community through public art in City of Raleigh Parks
The program provides an opportunity for artists to introduce the public to new
and thought-provoking experiences through temporary public art
Learn more and apply to the SEEK Raleigh artist call
fosters and promotes the arts in Raleigh by administering the programs of the Raleigh Arts Commission and the Public Art and Design Board and supporting the Pullen and Sertoma Arts Centers
Kelly McChesneyPublic Art Directorkelly.mcchesney@raleighnc.gov
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Architect and designer Giona Bierens de Haan unveils CEIBA, a furniture collection inspired by the distinctive morphology of the South American ceiba tree, as part of a collaborative exhibition in Geneva
the geometry of the Ceiba tree informs the playful
The CEIBA series encompasses two shelves, a table, and four chairs, all designed to be arranged like a cohesive, spiky bush. Channeling the unexpected forms of nature, Bierens de Haan imbues the collection with a touch of humor and vibrancy. The pieces are available in three distinct finishes: natural oak
As part of the exhibition, Geneva-based Giona Bierens de Haan partnered with Swiss-Argentinian ceramist Ángeles Rodríguez to create a complementary ceramic collection titled SOMBRA
the pieces engage in dialogue with one of the CEIBA shelves
the collections celebrate a shared exploration of materiality
and the unexpected connections found in nature
The CEIBA pieces are available upon request
inviting admirers to bring their spiky charm into their own spaces
architect and designer Giona Bierens de Haan unveils CEIBA
ceramist Ángeles Rodríguez creates a complementary ceramic collection titled SOMBRA
the geometry of the tree informs the playful
inspired by the distinctive morphology of the South American ceiba tree
the CEIBA pieces are available upon request
name: CEIBA designer: Giona Bierens de Haan | @giona_bh
ceramist: Ángeles Rodríguez | @_angeles.rodriguez_ photographer: Dylan Perrenoud | @dylan_perrenoud
designboom has received this project from our DIY submissions feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers here.
happening now! partnering with antonio citterio, AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function, but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style, context, and personal expression.
Ceiba is now open in Lincoln Park, a Latin-inspired restaurant helmed by Chef Armando Gonzalez and co-owned by Crystal Escalante and Louis Castellano
Chef Armando Gonzalez, originally from Oaxaca, Mexico, has worked Chicago’s culinary scene with his time at establishments like Libertad, Mas, and mk. At Ceiba, he continues to offer Latin cuisine by combining Latin flavors with global influences. Ceiba also boasts a cocktail program, focusing on fresh, Latin-inspired drinks. Each cocktail is designed to complement the dishes on the menu.
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Volume 9 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.569428
Reforestation is an effective way to alleviate deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystem services
It is widely recognized that the most key step for reforestation is using suitable native species
but selecting suitable native tree species is much more complex and challenging than the selection of non-native tree species that have been widely used for reforestation
we quantify whether the native tree species (Bombax ceiba) can be suitable for performing reforestation to restore a 0.2 km2 highly degraded tropical monsoon forest in Baopoling Mountain (BPL)
due to 20 years of limestone mining for cement production
We found that stomatal closure helped Bombax ceiba develop higher drought stress tolerance than the most dominant native tree species (Bridelia tomentosa) in an undisturbed tropical rainforest in BPL
thereby better adapting well to drought stress in the dry season
These characteristics in turn facilitated it to have high survival rate (92% ± 4%) and fast growth rate
Bombax ceiba is very suitable for performing reforestation to recover highly degraded tropical forests in Hainan Island
they are also not very suitable for performing reforestation in humid tropics
The currently developed trait-based method can open a good avenue for facilitating selection of suitable native tree species (McGill et al., 2006; Laughlin, 2014). It assumes that plant functional traits can directly reflect plants adapting well to different abiotic and biotic environments (Larjavaara and Muller-Landau, 2010; Laughlin and Laughlin, 2013; Cadotte, 2017)
using the functional traits to find out native species that can not only have high survival and growth rates and germination traits enabling quick and easy propagation in the nurseries but also adapt well to the specific environment of the highly degraded ecosystem can be useful for reforestation
This goal may be easily achieved by comparing the functional traits which are highly correlated with survival and growth rates
and the ability of adapting well to the environment of the highly degraded ecosystem between potential native tree species and dominant native tree species in the late successional or undisturbed old tropical rainforest
which may result in a high risk of landslide and drought stress during reforestation
we use the following standards to judge whether Bombax ceiba can be a good native tree species for reforestation in extremely degraded tropical rainforests
Bombax ceiba can have high growth and survival rates
thereby being suitable for quickly performing reforestation
landslides can be prevented after mono-planting Bombax ceiba to perform reforestation
Bombax ceiba can adapt better to the seasonal drought in BPL than the most dominant native species in the undisturbed old tropical rainforest
we survey survival and growth rates during reforestation
We also compare differences in functional traits that are highly associated with growth (i.e.
photosynthesis rate) and drought stress tolerance (e.g.
leaf turgor loss point) between Bombax ceiba and the most dominant native tree species in the adjacent undisturbed old tropical rainforest in BPL
we have mono-planted the seedling of Bombax ceiba to perform a reforestation project in this 0.2 km2 area
The planting density was kept at 80–100 stems per hectare; we recorded their survival rates from 2016 to 2019 as
Location and landscape of our study sites (Baopoling Mountain
Mean DBH (in cm) of Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa in Baopoling Mountain and DBH values (in cm) of the sampled individuals (n) for Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa
Twenty mature and sun-exposed leaves were collected from five independent individuals of Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa in BPL
All leaf samples were progressively dehydrated in an ethanol series (50
and 100%) and infiltrated with warm paraffin
and palisade was measured with a Leica DM2500 light microscope (Leica Microsystems GmbH
The density of stomata was measured using a razor to slice the abaxial epidermis
All the sections were mounted on slides and observed under a Leica DM2500 microscope
leaves were exposed to the above conditions for about 5 min to allow photosynthetic parameters to stabilize
we log-transformed all measured nine functional traits (upper and lower epidermis thickness
and leaf turgor loss point) for Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa in BPL
we used the paired t-test to quantify whether Bombax ceiba could have higher growth rates and drought stress tolerance than Bridelia tomentosa
a principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate which of the 10 traits were best at discriminating between Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa
Variations in mean precipitation in the dry season (February) and wet season (July) from 2016 to 2019
*** indicates p < 0.001
Differences in the nine functional traits (upper epidermis thickness (μm)
transpiration rate (mol m−2 s−1)
maximum photosynthesis rate (mol m−2 s−1)
stomatal conductance (mmol m−2 s−1)
and leaf turgor loss point (MPa)) between Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa
Principal component analysis (PCA) of the nine functional traits between Bombax ceiba (BM) and Bridelia tomentosa (BT)
Diamonds and triangles represent BM and BT respectively
The first two axes of a principal component analysis (PCA) for Bombax ceiba and Bridelia tomentosa
Our results clearly revealed that when planting Bombax ceiba in Baopoling Mountain (BPL) for performing reforestation
we found that Bombax ceiba had a very high survival rate (92% ± 4%) and that mono-planting Bombax ceiba can indeed prevent landslides
Bombax ceiba had a higher growth rate and drought stress tolerance than the most dominant native tree species (Bridelia tomentosa) in the nearby undisturbed tropical rainforest when facing the limited water supply in the dry season
Bombax ceiba can be suitable for performing reforestation to restore the highly degraded tropical forests in BPL
That was why we observed these traits for Bombax ceiba are all much higher (from 3 to 5 times) than those of Bridelia tomentosa
These results indicated that Bombax ceiba had developed appropriate functional traits to have very high growth rates even when facing the limited water supply
these results indicated that Bombax ceiba had developed higher drought stress tolerance than Bridelia tomentosa and thereby can maintain higher growth rates than Bridelia tomentosa even when facing the limited water supply
This also demonstrated that Bridelia tomentosa can even adapt better to the seasonal drought than the most dominant native species (Bridelia tomentosa) in the undisturbed tropical rainforest in the dry season
mono-planting fast-growing tree species (in our study
Bombax ceiba) with high survival rate can indeed help prevent landslides due to frequent typhoon and heavy rain
Bombax ceiba can indeed be a good candidate native species for performing reforestation to restore the degraded tropical rainforest in the whole Hainan Island
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors
All authors have contributed to the writing of this manuscript
This work was funded by the scientific research project of ecological restoration of Baopoling Mountain in Sanya
and a start-up fund from Hainan University (KYQD (ZR) 1876)
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
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Zhang H and Cui J (2021) Bombax ceiba is a Good Native Tree Species for Performing Reforestation to Restore Highly Degraded Tropical Forests in Hainan Island
Received: 04 June 2020; Accepted: 01 February 2021;Published: 15 April 2021
Copyright © 2021 Luo, Hong, Yang, Jiang, Tan, He, Zhang and Cui. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use
distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted
provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited
in accordance with accepted academic practice
distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
*Correspondence: Jie Cui, amllX19jdWlAMTYzLmNvbQ==; Hui Zhang, NDQ2MDU2OTYyQHFxLmNvbQ==
†These authors have contributed equally to this work
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UNITED STATES NEWS
stand next to what remains of their in-law suite during Ceiba's first visit to their home since the fire in Altadena
BY ASSOCIATED PRESS
When 11-year-old Ceiba Phillips returned to his Southern California neighborhood a month after the devastating Eaton fire
The fire that tore through the community of Altadena on Jan
7 left only a few houses standing among the rubble
leaving families dealing with the trauma and painful aftermath of one of the most destructive fires in California history
Kids are navigating the grief of losing everything that was familiar
while their parents are learning how to help them cope
Experts say reestablishing routine as quickly as possible after disaster is key to helping kids cope
the tiny town of Xocén made headlines after a 100-foot-tall ceiba tree collapsed under its massive weight into a sinkhole
it soon became apparent that this was not simply a sinkhole but a previously undiscovered cenote.
Speleologists are just now beginning to explore the secrets of Xocén’s cenote and publishing photographs.
“The collapse of the ceiba into this cenote in Xocén appears to have been an entirely natural phenomenon, but this sort of event is important to understand as the region continues to grow and develop,” a speleologist, Erick Sosa, told Diario de Yucatán.
Locals have interpreted the Ceiba’s collapse and the cenote’s appearance as an omen
It is hard to know right now what this event could mean… but many folks are taking it as signs of major changes to come,” Mayor Alfredo Fernández said in a press statement
Earlier: Cenote Suytun beckons lovers of nature and social media alike
is considered sacred to the Maya people because of its symbolic representation of the universe
Cenotes have also long been considered sacred in Yucatán
as they are considered both literal and metaphorical portals to the Maya underworld
Aside from serving as popular tourist attractions
many cenotes remain the main water source for several rural communities in Yucatán.
pollution from pig farms and other forms of agricultural runoff have begun to affect the water quality of these ancient natural formations.
“The collapse of the Ceiba into the cenote feels oddly symbolic of what is happening in our communities
We have to do a better job of protecting our resources if we are to have any future at all,” said Juan Pech
Senior Editor Carlos Rosado van der Gracht is a Mexican expedition/Canadian photographer
and translation degrees from universities in Mexico
Research shows that we tend to lie on our sofas rather than sit on them
An urban art festival featuring Maya and Spanish rap music was announced by Yucatán’s State Center for Crime Prevention and Citizen Participation (Cepredey) and Sedeculta
The initiative is part of the United for Life government strategy
The festival will span 10 yet-unnamed communities
the breadth and depth of Maya ruins in Yucatán state alone is simply too much for any one person to truly grasp
This of course does not keep one from trying
but the amount of pyramids deep in the jungle
The celebration is a Mexican tradition that takes place after Christmas to mark Three King’s Day
which celebrates the biblical appearance of the wise men in Bethlehem
Some easy tips: Carlos Rosado van der Gracht Senior Editor Carlos Rosado van der Gracht is a Mexican expedition/Canadian photographer
Artist Angel Chen explores the profound impact of landscape on human psychology in her new exhibition
“Prima Materia.” Inspired by the unique geology of the Yucatán Peninsula – a 66 million-year-old crater – Chen’s work invites viewers to connect with their environment physically and emotionally
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Geneva-based firm Giona Bierens de Haan has unveiled its “CEIBA” collection, a furniture line inspired by the unique thorns of a South American tree. Accompanying the opening exhibition at the Topic gallery, Giona Bierens de Haan enlisted Swiss-Argentinian ceramist Angeles Rodriguez for a collection of ceramics inspired by the same organic textures.
On the series, the company said the pieces channel “the surprising forms found in nature, infused with a touch of cartoonish expressivity” in an Instagram post. The furniture line’s name is inspired by the Ceiba tree, which is known or its unique thorns across South American countries. Made in contrasting stains of oak and a striking solid green, the modernized interpretation of the organic geometries gives the otherwise typical silhouettes a playful character.
Throw down the Gauntlet while you throw down with Louis's henchmen.
This is probably the first true test of your party's flexibility in Metaphor: ReFantazio, as all of these bosses require different archetypes to be levelled up in order to defeat them. There are four mini-bosses you're going to have to fight during this quest, but you only actually have to fight three of them to complete it. If you find whichever boss you've opted to fight second truly insurmountable, then you can simply challenge whichever one you didn't challenge instead.
Before attempting to make your way through Louis's Gauntlet Runner, I would recommend you have one level 20 Seeker, two separate Mage/Wizard party members with lightning skills, a decently leveled Magic Knight, and one Gunner with Poison Shot (or alternatively one Poison Stinger item).
Xanth is an absolute pushover when burned or poisoned. One party member with the Gunner's Poison Shot skill or the Commander's Fiery Strike skill will get you through this fight on its own, as Xanth will take massive damage every time he attacks on his turn. It'll be more than enough to finish him off before three turns are up.
Alternatively, if you have an item that will inflict poison or burn, like the Poison Stinger consumable, that'll solo this fight by itself.
At this point you can choose to fight either Glechom or Ceiba. Personally, I think Glechom is the easier and most straightforward fight of the two. However, I would suggest backtracking after whichever fight you complete first and fighting the other boss regardless. This is completely optional, but doing so will net you extra gear, gold, and experience.
You'll only have two opportunities to use Knight's Proclamation, because using it on the third turn is pointless as the fight will simply end after this if you don't defeat Glechom in time. Simply attack with that party member on the third turn instead.
Glechom isn't weak to any attacks or elements, but he also isn't strong against any either. If you're struggling to damage him enough before the end of the third turn, consider using some high crit attacks to gain extra turns (such as the Warrior's Critical Strike skill or the Merchant's Gold Attack skill) or some medium-strength spells (such as the Wizard's Botra/Blizza/Kandera skills or the Thief's Mudoon skill).
Alternatively, if you have the Faker levelled up high enough you can use Rakunda to decrease his defence for 3 turns. You can also use a Corrosive Acid item for the same effect (if you have one). Defence lowering skills and items stack if you're really struggling.
At the start of combat, Ceiba will cast Mage Wall. This will make him repel all physical attacks. Although you can attack him with magic skills, he's got a pretty chunky health bar and you'll likely be unable to kill him before the end of the third turn as a result.
The most straightforward way to get around this is to either use the Seeker's Tetrabreak skill or the Commander's Heartbreak Stratagem skill. Both of these negate the Mage Will ability, which will make Ceiba weak against all forms of physical attack. Use units with high-damaging physical skills (like the Magic Knight's Heavy Rush, the Gunner's Poison Shot/Hex Shot, or the Brawler's Skull Cracker) to both deal damage and gain extra turns.
Agility dictates the order in which your party members take their turns, so consider altering your party's equipment or changing to a different archetype with extra points in Agility (such as the Thief) and assigning Tetrabreak/Commander's Heartbreak to them via skill inheritance if a party member is too slow.
Of course, if you don't have either the Seeker or Commander at level 20, you won't have the necessary skill to bypass Ceiba's Mage Wall. But worry not, as there are a couple of other, sillier ways to finish this fight with ease.
If you have the Magic Knight and Gunner classes unlocked, this fight can be trivialised with the Magic Knight's Hammer synthesis. Simply send one Gunner and one Magic Knight into the fight, and use the Magic Knight's Hammer synthesis on the Magic Knight's turn as many times as possible.
The first one won't deal much damage, but the other two will likely deal upwards of 1,500–2000 damage (depending on your stats/level/equipment etcetera) as the attack makes the opponent weak to electric once used. Skip turns so that the Magic Knight has extra turns to use on the synthesis, and then guard or use magic attacks afterwards to waste turns so that the Magic Knight will be up next after Ceiba. Using this move three times will guarantee victory.
Alternatively, you can use an even dumber strategy—as long as you don't mind quite literally paying to win. Unlock the Merchant class with all four party members, and then spam Gold Attack with them until Ceiba dies. Gold Attack has a high crit rate and the Merchant has a high base Luck stat, so you'll likely earn one or two criticals and earn yourself some extra turns before every one of Ceiba's turns.
You'll have to take both of these enemies on together, but don't worry—this fight is way more straightforward than the last two.
Salva is weak to piercing, so projectiles and spears are the most effective. Cabio is weak to lightning. I would recommend a mix of Mage/Wizards (for lightning attacks) and at least one Gunner, and one Knight/Magic Knight (for piercing).
However, if you don't have enough points in either Mage or Wizard to unlock Kande/Kandera, you can just as easily win with a bit of brute force. In this case, go in with a full team of Gunners/Knights and at least one Magic Knight.
I'd recommend taking out Salva first, as his Mage almighty ability will target all party members and ignore their elemental and physical resistances. Any Knight and Gunner attacks will take him down swiftly, but use the Magic Knight's Heavy Rush and the Gunner's Poison Shot/Hex Shot for the quickest results.
If you have lightning skills, Cabio is very simple to beat. Spam Kande/Kandera until he dies. If only a few of your units have lighting attacks, skip the turns of the units that don't.
If you don't have any lightning skills, then bring a Gunner and one the Magic Knight. Use the Magic Knight's Hammer synthesis on Cabio to shave off half of his health bar in a single attack.
If you don't have any lightning skills and you don't have the Magic Knight unlocked, go in with three Gunners and one Thief/Merchant. This is admittedly risky (and requires a lot of MP), as Gunners are weak to Cabio's slash attacks, so this method may require a few attempts (during which you'll just have to hope Cabio targets your Thief/Merchant on the first turn).
Respec the party member with the lowest Agility into a Merchant/Thief, as you'll want them to come last in the turn order. Use the Mania Bullet synthesis on Salva three times in a row with your Gunners. He should almost, if not definitely, be dead. For the next two turns, use Mania Bullet on Cabio. Every second time you use it, use it on him—he'll be weak to the attack. Four of these, alongside the extra turns you'll gain from every second Mania Bullet, should finish him off too.
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Rescue workers from the Honduran Red Cross brought people to safety on Saturday. Around 8,000 people have had to leave their homes as a result of the storm; around 5,000 are in emergency shelters. Some 1,700 communities were cut off from the power supply. Honduran President Xiomara Castro declared a national state of emergency for 30 days on Friday.
According to the Honduran authorities, around 110,000 people have been affected by the storm. Infrastructure has been severely damaged: This bridge over the Cangrajal River is completely destroyed after the passage of Sara, as is a highway. The authorities estimate that it will take several months to repair the damage.
On Friday, the Atlantic Ocean on Honduras' north coast looked threatening, as the storm continued on its path. But there was some hope in neighboring countries: On Sunday, the US National Hurricane Center downgraded Sara to a low-pressure system. Parts of Belize, Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua still faced heavy rainfall of up to 38 centimeters (15 inches) per square meter.
The view of Sara from space on Friday. Afterwards, the storm moved northwest and slowly approached the Mexican peninsula of Yucatan where people were on alert. "Secure loose objects and anything that could become a projectile," recommend the authorities in Mexico. The NHC forecast that Sara would continue to weaken over the mainland.
People were forced to wade through the water to make progress on this road in El Progreso in northern Honduras. Although the NHC estimated Sara's maximum wind force at 55 kilometers (34 miles) per hour, it warned that the situation remained dangerous and the low-pressure system could continue to cause flooding and trigger mudslides in Central America.
HomeDestinationsInterestsTop Places to Travel by MonthSearchMenuBest time to travel to Guatemala
Thousands of blossoms open one after another and hundreds of bats converge on the trees to collect the sweet nectar
the Ceiba tree is truly splendid during its blooming season between December and April
the newly-formed buds prepare for the spectacle
The blossom show starts at 6 pm: the flowers appear one after another—around 1,000 buds can open within a short period of 20 minutes
Though the trees will continue to bloom throughout the entire week
This means that the next day after the blooming season's start
thousands of withered flowers fall down en masse like rain
ceiba tree flowers are believed to bloom during the dry season in Guatemala
with very rare sightings of flowering ceiba trees in late November and December
and it's quite difficult to predict which ones do
You can take a closer look at the tree and see if any buds are forming on its branches
with all buds revealing their beauty at 7 pm
The bloom will stay up for around a week; however
ceiba trees can be found all throughout the country
bringing joy to the residents of the cities and villages
The town of Palin is home to a 400-year-old tree
while Tikal National Park boasts a large number of ceiba trees growing on its grounds
Situated at the foot of the Sierra Madre volcanic chain
just 25 miles (40 km) away from Guatemala City
Palin draws visitors to its central square
You can park close by and take a five-minute walk to the tree
The 400-year-old tree has long become the city's landmark and is regularly decorated for holidays and events
If you want to witness ceiba trees blooming in their natural element
offering 222 square miles (575 sq km) to explore
The park is home to the remains and historical landmarks of the Mayan civilization but also boasts a vibrant variety of flora and fauna
Large ceiba trees are scattered all throughout the park
Tikal National Park is open from 6 am until 5 pm
while children under 12 years old can enter for free
they are valid for the next day of your visit
The buds are also knocked off by hundreds of messy bats converging on the blooming ceibas to collect nectar
It is funny to observe them fussing among the flowers and covering themselves with yellow pollen
If you stand below a ceiba tree during such a performance
but the extraordinary experience is worth it—just wear some old clothes and enjoy
so it is a good idea to find a short one or use a ladder.
Palin Tikal National ParkPalinTikal National ParkLast updated: January 10, 2025Authors: Svitlana MysakPeople interested
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couldn't believe what he saw when he returned to his Southern California neighborhood a month after a wildfire reduced it to rubble
The ruins of his best friend’s house and his beloved school
but the backhouse where his grandparents lived and packed him lunch every morning was reduced to ashes and a silver pool of melted aluminum
Seeing it in person — after seeing it through photos — brought shock and tears
“There’s not even a word created for it,” Ceiba said
The Eaton fire that tore through Altadena on Jan. 7 left parents and children alike to deal with the trauma of one of the most destructive fires in California history
many kids are navigating the grief of losing everything that was familiar
and reestablishing one as quickly as possible is key to helping kids cope
a sociology professor at the University of Colorado Boulder who studies the impact of natural disasters
It’s essential for kids to stay connected with their friends
and for parents to have honest conversations with them about the difficulty of what they are facing
“Being honest about our own emotions and opening up
but then being very inviting for children to share what they’re feeling
that can be one way to start those really important conversations,” Peek said
It's this kind of space that Chiara Angelicola
was trying to create when she organized a Kids Town Hall event for families affected by the fires
Children had the opportunity to share how they felt and participate in art and somatic therapy exercises
which focus on how trauma can affect the body
along with more than 100 other kids and parents
and some of it even made the adults uncomfortable,” Angelicola said
“I think that exercise in learning how to be uncomfortable experiencing certain feelings is very necessary for children because we’re modeling for them that feelings won’t hurt us.”
Hundreds of therapists and non-profits also have offered their mental health services for free to victims of the fires
Ceiba's home was one of about six on his street that wasn't destroyed
but it sustained so much smoke damage it's not livable right now
the family carefully entered wearing respirator masks and protective equipment
Ceiba looked out his bedroom window and said he didn't care that his house had survived
“I'd rather have all of Altadena,” he said
Ceiba remembers every detail of his last normal day
School let out early due to intense Santa Ana winds that fueled the fires
He and his sister went to Ceiba’s best friend’s house
and chucked LEGO figurines off the balcony
“I’ve probably been to his house more than 2,000 times,” Ceiba said
the family received a text message from Ceiba’s grandma asking if they saw the fire that had broken out nearby
They ran to their window and saw the whole mountainside ablaze
dumping his clothes and quarters into his bag and packing for his younger sister
They sheltered in their dad’s office in neighboring Pasadena
When he greeted his mom on a recent afternoon, he shared a fun fact he'd learned that day: In 1846, a future president, Abraham Lincoln, had almost joined the ill-fated Donner Party as it set out from Springfield
only to get trapped in California's Sierra Nevada
Ceiba has decided to play the saxophone in band class
Granaderos said her son already seems to be adapting
But his conversations with friends now veer into unusual topics for 11-year-olds
“The insurance isn’t covering us and how’s your house
He wonders what will become of his community
“I know Altadena and I know that it’s going to stick together,” Ceiba said
Ceiba had clamored right away to go back home after the fire
she knew that allowing her kids to see and experience what happened was part of the healing process
“You’re facing this realization of certain conversations you have to start to have with your kid
and there’s also a lot of sadness and destruction.”
Quoia burst into tears when the family drove past what was left of The Bunny Museum in Pasadena dedicated to rabbits
She loved seeing the giant inflatable bunnies that loomed over the street corner nearly every day
Granaderos named both of her children after trees — Ceiba
She planted a sapling of the iconic Sequoia — which is extraordinarily resilient to fire
insects and disease — in the home's backyard when Quoia was a baby
rewritten or redistributed without permission
Dining experiences at Conrad Orlando are chic no matter if you want to sit indoors
with great small bites and gourmet grab-and-go options
grab a glass of wine or let the mixologists pour you one of their creative cocktails
Follow us on a culinary journey through Conrad Orlando’s restaurants and lounges
The Papaya Club features rum- focused cocktails
with a vintage tiki bar that opens to a white sand beach and a breeze off of the turquoise water of Evermore Bay.—Roberto Gonzalez
Prime beef carpaccio from Sophia’s Trattoria
Baked fontina from Sophia’s Trattoria
Braised octopus pasta from Sophia’s Trattoria
Traditional and contemporary Mexican gems can be found at this rooftop restaurant
and the food menu explores regional techniques and ingredients with a focus on salsas
The bar menu is a nod to agave and gives guests access to rare
Ceiba is a contemporary Mexican restaurant with a spectacular view of the 1,100- acre Evermore resort property and Disney’s fireworks
By David Kaminski-Morrow2024-08-30T18:33:00+01:00
Officials in Equatorial Guinea have indicated that a Boeing 737-800 arriving at Malabo in poor weather touched down long on the runway before it overran
The Ceiba Intercontinental aircraft – carrying the Ethiopian registration ET-AWR – had arrived following a domestic service from Bata on 29 August
Equatorial Guinea’s governmental information office
citing a representative of air navigation authority ASECNA at the capital Malabo airport
states that the aircraft encountered low-visibility conditions during its approach
the pilot asked for the intensity of the lights on the runway to be increased,” says the information office
It adds that the aircraft had descended to a “critical” height
without elaborating on why the landing attempt was not aborted
“Since the landing had started in the middle of the runway
it was already impossible to brake in time and it ended up off the runway,” the office states
Source: Equatorial Guinea government information office
Passengers evacuating the Ceiba aircraft after it overran at Malabo
Photographs circulating on social media channels
indicate that the aircraft came to rest on grass
There are no reports of injuries from the accident
The extent of damage to the aircraft is unconfirmed
and no formal findings on the circumstances of the overrun have been released by investigators.
Meteorological data shows Malabo airport experienced reduced visibility and light rain during the afternoon
but the condition of the runway has yet to be disclosed
The aircraft involved was originally delivered to Ceiba Intercontinental as 3C-LLY in 2014
but was subsequently transferred to Ethiopian Airlines management in 2019
is subject to a blacklist ban by the European Commission
A Batik Air Boeing 737-800 passed within 1,000ft of terrain on an approach to Canberra in which it passed below the safe altitude
Saudi Arabian low-cost carrier Flynas is to proceed with an initial public offering
under which it will sell shares representing 30% of its capital
Flynas secured approval for the offering from the kingdom’s Capital Market Authority at the end of March
The airline intends to sell 33.8 million existing shares ..
Boeing 747 operators are being instructed to carry out prompt elevator checks after a 747-8 freighter was flown without balance weights after maintenance
The US FAA states that the 747-8F was flown with a right-hand outboard elevator which had been received and installed without the weights
controllers temporarily lost ability to ”see
hear or talk to” pilots flying jets to and from Newark
Republican lawmakers have proposed a plan to provide the Federal Aviation Administration with $15 billion to fund air traffic control (ATC) modernisation
a move coming several weeks after US transportation chief Sean Duffy committed to such an effort
Indian investigators state that the crew of an ATR 72-600 experienced “unusual” vibrations and felt the aircraft sink on final approach
just before it landed short of the runway at Bhubaneswar last October
The Alliance Air aircraft (VT-RKF) had been inbound from Rourkela
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Banco Sabadell | According to press reports
the US has withdrawn Chevron’s licence to export crude oil from Venezuela
This decision is in response to the failure of the Maduro government to fulfil its electoral commitments and is part of a package of extended sanctions that will also affect companies such as Halliburton
which will have to suspend their operations from 9 May
the Board has approved the implementation of a buyback plan for a maximum of €300 million (2.1% of capitalisation) and 50 million shares
The programme will last until 30 July 2025
Assessment: Negative news with limited impact while we wait for sanctions to materialise for other European companies
Repsol has control of strategic assets in Tomoporo and La Ceiba through an agreement with PDVSA (Petróleos de Venezuela)
Repsol aims to increase crude oil production in Petroquiriquire in order to recover part of the debt accumulated by PDVSA
The Spanish company currently has a net asset exposure to Venezuela of €504 million (3.6% capitalisation) and a debt to PDVSA of €634 million (12% NFD’24)
Production accounts for about 4% of the total.The buyback would amount to 53 days of trading if 25% of the daily volume were to be realised
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Montevideo, May 6th 2025 - 11:33 UTC
A Jetstream 32 twin turboprop aircraft of Líneas Aéreas Nacionales de Honduras Sociedad Anónima (Lanhsa) Monday plunged into the Caribbean Sea shortly after takeoff from Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport in Roatán
including a Honduran-American singer-songwriter
failed to gain sufficient altitude due to a suspected mechanical failure
Local fishermen and rescue teams saved 10 people
but search efforts were halted at nightfall
Honduran President Xiomara Castro ordered an Emergency Operations Committee
and the Civil Aeronautics Agency launched a probe into the case
The airplane took off at 7 pm local time from the Juan Manuel Gálvez airport in Roatán with the Guillermo Anderson International Airport La Ceiba in the department of Atlántida as destination when a mechanical failure is presumed to have been the cause of the incident
”I have immediately activated the Emergency Operations Committee (COE) team made up of the Armed Forces
who have immediately arrived at the accident area.... Castro wrote on social media
The public hospitals of San Pedro Sula and La Ceiba are already ready to attend to the passengers who were traveling in the accident
God protect the lives of the people,” she added
Honduras Civil Aeronautics Agency (AHAC) said that ”in compliance with the protocols established in civil aviation
the AHAC has activated the Search and Rescue Commission (SAR) to locate the occupants of the aircraft.
It has also instructed the Accident and Incident Investigation Commission of the aeronautical authority to move to the accident site and conduct a preliminary investigation into the possible causes of the event,” the AHAC further noted
Roatan Governor Hugo Varela confirmed that six people had died in the accident
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Missing any school hurts academic progress
But increasingly common weather-related school disruptions—from extreme heat and cold to hurricanes and wildfires—can cause outsized damage to student learning
A new analysis of student achievement finds that students in grades 3 through 5 lose at least two weeks’ worth of academic growth in math and reading for every week of missed instruction related to extreme weather
The picture is even bleaker for students in middle school
with one week on average associated with nearly three weeks of learning loss in reading and nearly four in math for students in grades 6-8
says the research from the nonprofit assessment and research group NWEA
The findings are particularly notable in light of the last few months of climate-related disasters—devastating wildfires in Los Angeles and the flooding and destruction caused by Hurricane Helene
They also add to a burgeoning body of research on the impact of disasters on academics
While many structures damaged during disasters are rebuilt
graduation rates and college-going rates all dropped for students affected by the disasters
and they didn’t rebound significantly in the next three to five years
This led to “scarring and persistent” damage to children’s lifetime earnings
for every $1,000 a weather disaster caused in property damage per person
it caused as much or more per person in human capital damage
“We know how to rebuild a bridge; there are technical questions of how to do it best
we know what needs to be done,” Opper said
“But I think we’re still figuring that out for human capital recovery
Though it’s impossible to know for sure when weather-related catastrophes are going to strike
advance planning can ease schools’ recovery
District leaders can estimate the risk of closures from common weather events to “bake in” recovery days when setting a school year calendar
rather than just responding to disasters after the fact
students are more likely to complete a lengthened school year than attend ad hoc recovery days during weekends or breaks
Kuhfeld is also starting to track the effects of seasonal weather disruptions
to determine how well students bounce back from lost instruction at different times of the year
A version of this article appeared in the March 12
2025 edition of Education Week as Extreme Weather Disruptions Compound Students’ Lost Learning
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Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Thousands of people remained evacuated on Saturday following the devastating Los Angeles fires, but some were being allowed to return to their homes as firefighters continued their efforts to contain the fires.
The Eaton Fire leaves devastation in a neighborhood Friday, Jan. 17, 2025 in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)
A firefighter walks toward a burning structure as the Eaton Fire advances Tuesday, Jan. 7, 2025 in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/Ethan Swope, File)
Ella Venne, left, searches through the remnants of her family’s home destroyed by the Eaton Fire in Altadena, Calif., Saturday, Jan. 11, 2025. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill, File)
This photo courtesy of Jordan Mitchell, shows Justin Mitchell, below, with their cousin Malaya McDaniels, at his home on Christmas Eve in Altadena, California, Dec. 24, 2024. Justin Mitchell, and his father Anthony, died in California’s deadly wildfires in January 2025. (Jordan Mitchell via AP)
This photo courtesy of Kiriski Mitchell shows her brother Anthony Mitchell, left, with his late wife, Anita Mitchell, in an Altadena in 2019. Anthony Mitchell, and his son Justin, died in California’s deadly wildfires in January 2025. (Kiriski Mitchell via AP)
A sign is left at the entrance to an apartment after the Eaton Fire Friday, Jan. 17, 2025 in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)
This photo courtesy of Gavin Koppel shows Randy Miod, right, and Tracy Park posing in front of Koppel’s 1972 Buick Skylark custom convertible in Malibu, Jan. 5, 2025. Miod died in the Palisades fire during California’s deadly wildfires in January 2025. (Gavin Koppel via AP)
Dalyce Kelley holds up a picture of her grandmother, 95-year-old Dalyce Curry, on Tuesday, Jan. 14, 2025, days after Curry died in the California wildfires. (AP Photo/Eugene Garcia)
Firefighters with the U.S. Forest Service gather to pray, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025, in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/John Locher)
A home destroyed by the Eaton Fire, right, stands next a home that survived in Altadena. Calif., on Monday, Jan. 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Noah Berger, File)
Emeralda Urena works at a check point leading to the damage zone of the Eaton Fire Friday, Jan. 17, 2025 in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)
The Eaton Fire leaves devastation behind Friday, Jan. 17, 2025 in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)
Volunteers unload a truck transporting donated items for residents effected by the Altadena Fire, at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, Calif., Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel)
A jungle gym melted and destroyed by the Eaton Fire is seen at a school, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2025, in Altadena, Calif. (AP Photo/John Locher)
The house was burning with her brother-in-law and nephew inside when Jackie McDaniels flagged down a firetruck and begged for help.
“Whoever is in there is no longer alive,” she recalled one of the firemen telling her before urging her to flee her Altadena neighborhood. “I pray to God that they were. But it was horrible to have to leave them there.”
Now McDaniels, like so many, is facing the gripping realities of grief and questions about what more could have been done. Experts say these survivors are victims themselves; the fires that swept through the Los Angeles area this month were fast-moving and fierce.
“It’s really just a different beast of a fire when it’s this propagating entity of just total mayhem,” said Benjamin Hatchett, a fire meteorologist with the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University.
But that doesn’t ease the pain or the questions for the families of the more than two dozen killed, some unable to escape, others unaware of what was coming, having survived other blazes unscathed.
“Momma Dee, that’s the fire,” her granddaughter and namesake, Dalyce Kelley, recalls saying as she drove the 95-year-old to her Altadena home on Jan. 7 after a day of medical tests.
But the flames they saw seemed so far away and power was still on. Now Kelley wishes she would have asked more questions, wishes she would have returned earlier.
“I will live with that regret for the rest of my life,” she said.
That saddens Jennifer Marlon, a wildfire and climate research scientist at Yale’s School of the Environment. She said larger factors were at play, the summer the warmest on record in California, drying out the vegetation that fueled the flames.
“These are, by and large, not situations that people could have really anticipated,” she said. “It’s incredibly tragic that people are blaming themselves and wracked with guilt.”
Yet it is a common response, said Tory Fiedler, a Red Cross disaster mental health manager who is helping to coordinate the response to the wildfires.
“Most of us get our sense of self and value from what we do in service to others,” she said.
“When I’m not able to do that, I feel bad about that,” she added. “I feel guilty that I didn’t get to help. I didn’t do enough. I survived and other people didn’t, and I can’t help them. And it’s not just I survived and other people didn’t, but I don’t know what to do about that.”
Compounding the pain is the fact that many families are still awaiting formal notification from the medical examiner, a process that could take weeks.
During that painful wait, Carol Smith has been praying. Her son, Randy Miod, a 55-year-old surfer, known to friends as Craw Daddy, had lived in his Malibu home for three decades, first as a renter and then the owner. Known as the “Crab Shack,” it was a popular hang-out spot for surfers, with loaner boards always available.
She said he never evacuated for wildfires, including during the Franklin Fire in December that knocked out power to his home for three days.
“I’m scared,” she recalled him telling her the last time they spoke. She begged of him, “Please, go somewhere safe, so I don’t worry.”
But he wasn’t budging, telling her: “I’ve got the hose. And he said, ’Pray for the Palisades and pray for Malibu. And I love you.’”
After human remains were found in the home, a detective told her that the fire was moving five football fields a minute, beyond the scope of what her son anticipated.
In Altadena, cinders were flying as McDaniels packed her car in the pre-dawn hours of Jan. 8. Before she left, her late sister’s husband, Anthony Mitchell, a 68-year-old amputee who lived nearby, assured her that an ambulance was coming to evacuate him and his 35-year-old son Justin Mitchell, who had cerebral palsy and was bed-bound.
But as she neared the freeway, he called back, telling her, “Stay with me until they get here.”
She pulled over and could hear her nephew, who loved his collection of children’s books and watched an eclectic mix of TV shows that included “Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood” and “The Golden Girls,” fretting in the background.
Her brother-in-law was reassuring him: “Daddy’s here. I’m coming. Daddy’s coming. Daddy’s here.”
But then the fire was upon them. The last word she heard her brother-in-law mutter was “help” before she sped to his home, black smoke greeting her when she flung open the door.
“You’re helpless,” she recalled, saying she nearly got into a wreck herself as she fled, sobbing in the thick smoke, her own home destroyed, too.
She is not quite sure what they could have done. The family thought the ambulance Anthony Mitchell called hours earlier would have arrived in time. Perhaps, had they known it wouldn’t, several relatives could have carried her nephew out with sheets, she said.
Her nephew’s younger brother, 33-year-old Jordan Mitchell, lived at home so he could help care for his brother but was hospitalized with sepsis at the time, unable to do anything.
“I very much told myself, I said, ‘I am my brother’s keeper,’ and I’m proud of that,” he said, noting that his SUV, which he chose because it fit his father and brother’s wheelchairs, survived the flames. “And I was very protective of him. I didn’t think he’d be gone this soon. I figured I’d be taking care of him the rest of my life.”
Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.1118045
In order to cope with environmental changes
plants constantly adjust their morphological characteristics in order to adapt to changing environment
populations of Bombax ceiba from Mengla area and Yuanjiang area in Yunnan Province were selected as the research objects
Structural equation model and variation decomposition method were applied to analyze the effects of various habitat factors on tree structure and leaf traits of B
and to reveal its morphological responses to habitat heterogeneity
The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between tree structure and leaf traits in the two study habitats (Mengla area and Yuanjiang area)
and the correlation coefficient was −0.47 in Mengla area and −0.22 in Yuanjiang area
Both topographic and soil factors had positive effects on tree structure of the two habitats
and the topographic factors had a greater impact on tree structure than leaf traits
The main difference was that meteorological factors had a positive effect on tree structure of Mengla
while Yuanjiang showed the opposite patterns
The variation analysis showed that the superposition of three environmental factors in Mengla area had a greater explanation power of tree structure and leaf traits than that in Yuanjiang area
and the topographic factors had the largest explanation power of tree structure in both areas
which reflected that fact that the characteristics of Mengla habitat imposed a greater influence on B
The soil factors in Mengla area accounted for 20.1% of the leaf traits
while the meteorological factors in Yuanjiang area accounted for 11.6%
The results showed that leaf traits were sensitive to environmental differences
ceiba to heterogeneous habitats is based on the specific performance of its resource utilization capacity
The research results can provide references for exploring the morphological responses of plants to heterogeneous habitats
clarifying the responses of morphological characteristics and community structure to environmental factors can help us better understand the changing trends of forest ecosystems
and provide a theoretical basis for forest conservation and management
and showed that leaf size was most correlated with precipitation
with leaf aspect ratio positively correlated with mean annual precipitation
The present study investigates the association between tree structure and leaf traits of B
and reveal the response mechanisms of tree structure and leaf traits to heterogeneous habitats
ceiba is a deciduous tree species in the Malvaceae family
It can reach 30 to 40 meters in height and up to 3 meters in trunk diameter
and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions
it is adaptable to harsh environmental conditions with high resistance
ceiba was divided into two physical traits
By analyzing the responses of tree structure and leaf traits to heterogeneous environment
we aim to provide scientific reference to reveal the response mechanisms of plant morphological structure to habitat heterogeneity
We specifically tested the following hypotheses: 1
Habitat conditions affect the morphological and structural characteristics of B
The morphological and structural characteristics of B
and their correlations change in different habitats
topographic and soil factors in affecting the morphological and structural characteristics of B
The morphological structure of 230 B. ceiba individuals in the Mengla area, and 200 B. ceiba individuals in the Yuanjiang dry heat valley were measured by field survey in 2019, with relevant environmental conditions measured (Figure 1)
ceiba were measured; the number of branches (NB) was counted from four directions: east
ceiba was photographed with a camera and imported into CAD software
and the taperingness (T) was calculated using the equivalence relationship
20 fully extended and healthy leaves were taken from the middle outer ring of the canopy in the four directions of southeast and northwest
and perimeter (P) of each leaf were measured using a portable laser leaf area meter (CID CI-202
and leaf water content (LWC) were calculated by Shimadzu analytical balance (ATY124
SPSS 22.0 and Canoco 5.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data
principal component analysis was done separately for tree structure
topographic factors and meteorological factors
and the coefficients of each observed variable were used to divide the 1st principal component axial load factor by the square root of the corresponding principal component eigenvalue
Pearson coefficient was quantified to analyze the correlation among measured factors
Variance decomposition analysis was performed in Canoco 5.0 software to explore the explanatory power of each habitat factor on the structure and leaf traits of B
The leaf traits and structural characteristics of B. ceiba in Mengla and Yuanjiang areas were measured separately, and the overall mean values of these growth factors of B. ceiba in Mengla area were larger than those in Yuanjiang area. The average temperature in Yuanjiang is higher than that of Mengla, while the average relative humidity and average annual precipitation is lower than that of Mengla, which reflects the poor habitat conditions in Yuanjiang (Table 1)
RDA analysis of habitat factors and growth factors of B
The correlations of the factors of tree structure of B
ceiba in different habitat conditions were different
The correlation coefficients of tree height with diameter at breast height
height under branches and dry weight in Mengla area were highly significant and positive
The correlation coefficient was greater than 0.6
and the correlation coefficient with water content was-0.685
The correlation coefficient between diameter at breast height and crown width
height under branch and dry weight was highly significant and positive
all correlation coefficients were greater than 0.6
and the correlation coefficient with water content was highly significant and negative
with the correlation coefficient as −0.721
The correlation coefficient between crown width and branch height was 0.697
and the correlation coefficient between crown width and branch height was −0.715.The correlation coefficients were above 0.6 for fresh weight
Leaf area was highly significantly and positively correlated with leaf length
Leaf length was significantly and positively correlated with leaf width and girth
with correlation coefficients of 0.73 and 0.755
Leaf width was highly significantly and positively correlated with perimeter
Fresh weight was highly significantly and positively correlated with saturation weight and dry weight
with correlation coefficients of 0.994 and 0.926
Saturated weight was highly significantly and positively correlated with dry weight
Dry weight was highly significantly and negatively correlated with water content
with a correlation coefficient of −6.97
Correlation of different growth factors in regard to B
p < 0.01; Lines mean negative correlation
and the size of circles represent the level of correlation
The single and combined effects of meteorological factors
topographic factors and soil factors on tree structure of B
“▼” represent the combined effects of different factors
The present study shows that meteorological factors in both Mengla and Yuanjiang areas had higher explanatory power of morphological structure of B
suggesting that topographic factors in different habitat conditions could change soil moisture
ceiba growing area through changes in slope relief
which eventually participate in the process of altering the morphological structure of B
we found that soil nutrients had the highest explanatory power of leaf traits in Mengla
while meteorological factors had the highest leaf traits in Yuanjiang
showing that soil nutrients had a differential effect on the growth and development of tree structure and leaf traits in different areas
Mengla showed a resource accumulation growth strategy
whereas Yuanjiang showed a growth strategy to adapt to the environment
ceiba through maximizing the utilization efficiency of environmental resources
ceiba in heterogeneous habitats display different performance in response to the environment
reflecting its growth strategy of adaptive adjustment to resources
This study showed that the correlations between the factors of tree morphology and leaf traits in Mengla and Yuanjiang areas were extensive
and more than half of them could reach highly significant levels
reflecting the similarity of the adjustment of B
In terms of the degree of explanatory power
the three environmental factors had more explanatory power of tree structure than leaf traits
with the topographic factor explaining 18.6% of the tree structure
the soil factor explained 20.1% of the leaf traits in Mengla
while the topographic factor explaining 13.6% of tree structure
and the meteorological factor explaining 11.6% of the leaf traits in Yuanjiang
ceiba in Mengla area adopts a resource accumulation growth strategy under hot and humid conditions
ceiba in Yuanjiang area adopts a conservation growth strategy under high temperature and drought habitats
ceiba is influenced by both internal genes and external environment
and future studies should be expanded on the aspect of genetic traits
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860206)
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Received: 07 December 2022; Accepted: 30 December 2022; Published: 13 January 2023
Copyright © 2023 Wang, Zhang, Mao, Li and Cheng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
*Correspondence: Wei Li, ✉ d3cwNTkyQGdtYWlsLmNvbQ==; Xiping Cheng, ✉ eGlwaW5nY2hlbmcyMDEyQDE2My5jb20=
After a 30-meter-high ceiba tree fell into a cenote — a natural sinkhole full of fresh groundwater — in the community of Xocén
Maya priests and Mexican officials have started investigating the unusual event
as certain Maya cosmologies consider Xocén to be “the center of the world.”
when nearby residents heard thunder-like cracks
they discovered a massive hole into which the tree had disappeared due to the collapse of a cenote vault
“I felt like it was raining,” Luis Emanuel Ku Ku
my mother and I went out to see and we heard the well collapse
We thought everything was going to fall and we wanted to go back when we heard the second sound and then we saw the tree completely gone.”
Ku Ku said that the incident could have been fatal
as a group of neighbors had been cleaning up the area just two hours before the incident
Valladolid Mayor Alfredo Fernández Arceo said the event has captured the residents’ attention due to the sacred significance of Xocén
“Many sacred books of Maya culture show this place as the center of the world,” Fernández said
“This implies an important baggage of mysticism with the community and leads to speculation on many topics because people here are aware of the importance [Xocén] has within Maya culture.”
Maya priests are accompanying a group of experts and cave divers who are conducting studies in the cenote with the support of the Ministry for Sustainable Development of the Government of Yucatan
Fernández explained that the divers are studying the entire structure of the cenote’s soil
divers are diving into cloudy water with low visibility due to the soil that fell into the water and the branches that cover the vault’s roof
“We’re carrying out an entire geological study to have reliable information that allows us to make decisions together with the community,” he added
Even though Xocén is part of the municipality of Valladolid, it has its own customs, traditions and authorities. These authorities are elected by a body known as the 13 Maya sergeants, guardians of the Sanctuary of the Talking Cross. The Talking Cross was an important element of the 50-year long Caste War of Yucatán
No photographs or videos are allowed in this place
With reports from Swiss Info
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