This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data.
You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page.
volume 5 - 2011 | <a class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2011.00020">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2011.00020</a>
This article is part of the Research TopicAdaptive Function and Brain Evolution<a class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right" aria-label="View all 20 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/81/adaptive-function-and-brain-evolution/magazine" target="_self" data-event="customLink-linkType-a_viewAll20Articles">View all 20 articles</a>
represent the sister group of gnathostome vertebrates
There is an increasing interest for comparing the forebrain organization observed in lampreys and gnathostomes to shed light on vertebrate brain evolution
there is now a general agreement on the major subdivisions of the lamprey diencephalon; however
recent progress on the development and organization of the lamprey telencephalon is reviewed
with particular emphasis on the GABA immunoreactive cell populations trying to understand their putative origin
we describe some early general cytoarchitectonic events by searching the classical literature as well as our collection of embryonic and prolarval series of hematoxylin-stained sections
we comment on the cell proliferation activity throughout the larval period
followed by a detailed description of the early events on the development of the telencephalic GABAergic system
lampreys apparently do not possess the same molecularly distinct subdivisions of the gnathostome basal telencephalon because of the absence of a Nkx2.1-expressing domain in the developing subpallium; a fact that has been related to the absence of a medial ganglionic eminence as well as of its derived nucleus in gnathostomes
these data raise interesting questions such as whether or not a different mechanism to specify telencephalic GABAergic neurons exists in lampreys or what are their migration pathways
we summarize the organization of the adult lamprey telencephalon by analyzing the main proposed conceptions
including the available data on the expression pattern of some developmental regulatory genes which are of importance for building its adult shape
we provide an overview and literature survey on the earliest development of the lamprey telencephalon
including some additional information from our own collection of paraffin and semithin serial sections of different developmental stages (including embryonic
we review the existing data concerning cell proliferation on the lamprey brain with special emphasis on the GABAergic system and add some new data from our experimental material
The shape of the brain do not change so much through the adult period
Under these conditions hatching occurs at 10&#x02013;13 days post-fertilization (dpf)
The most common used staging series of early development for the sea lamprey is that of <a href="#B54">Piavis (1961</a>, <a href="#B55">1971)</a>
Piavis subdivided the early development into 19 stages
from the ovulated but unfertilized egg to the first stage of larva (or ammocoete)
which occurs approximately at 33&#x02013;40 dpf
we will follow this classification by indicating the relative stage (from P10 to P18
and referring to the age of the animal as days after fertilization (from 4 to 33 dpf) or to the length in millimeters
Although in several recent works the different stages of this developmental period are considered as embryonic
we consider that only those until hatching should be referred to as embryonic
whereas those from hatching to the onset of filter feeding should be regarded as prolarvae
as the age of larvae collected in the river is unknown
we will use their total body length in millimeters as reference
It is noteworthy that this rotation implies a simultaneous and remarkable topographical rotation of the most rostral nuclei and regions of the forebrain (rostral to the pretectum)
which should be taken into account when interpreting experimental results at these developmental stages
Figure 1. Midsagittal schematic drawings (A,C) and hematoxylin-stained sections (B,D) of different developmental stages of P. marinus illustrating the identifiable structures at the midline as well as the variations on the cephalic flexure and the shifting from ventral to dorsal of the olfactory placode and the nasal opening. (A) 4 mm embryo, (B) 18 dpf prolarvae, (C) 7,8 mm prolarvae, (D) 29 dpf prolarvae. (A,C) are reproduced from <a href="#B81">Sterzi (1907)</a>
and sagittal (E) hematoxylin-stained sections of different developmental stages of P
(A) Early formation of the optic vesicles by bilateral evagination of the rostral neural tube in a 12-dpf embryo
and the olfactory placode of a 14-dpf prolarvae
(C) Section of a 26-dpf prolarvae at the level of the habenular commissure dorsally and the postoptic commissure ventrally
Note the trajectory of numerous axons emerging from the telencephalic hemispheres (primordium of the stria medullaris) coursing to the contralateral side through the habenular commissure
(D) Section illustrating the growing telencephalic hemispheres with the projecting axons grouping in its caudodorsal portion (asterisks)
(E) Sagittal section of a 26-dpf prolarvae showing the midline prosencephalic structures
(F) Section through the telencephalon of a late prolarvae showing at both sides the incipient anlage of the interventricular foramen (arrows)
Scale bars: (A,C,F) &#x0003D; 20 &#x003BC;m
part of which appears to participate in the morphogenesis of the telencephalon
Cell proliferation in transverse sections of the developing sea lamprey forebrain after incubation of 4 (A,B,D,E)
illustrate comparable rostrocaudal levels in larvae of different size
whereas (H) is intermediate between (G) and (I)
There is a general increase of immunolabeled cells with the increase of the BrdU exposure time
Note also that numerous migrating labeled cells are detected after 16 days of incubation with this marker (C,F)
and that its number increases with longer incubations (25 days; G&#x02013;I); most of them are located at dorsal (pallial) levels
a prominent BrdU labeling is present in the periventricular portion of the still small prethalamic eminence in all cases
Arrowheads point to laterally displaced labeled cells
Scale bars: (A,D,G) &#x0003D; 60 &#x003BC;m; (B,C,E,F,H,I) &#x0003D; 80 &#x003BC;m
who claimed that the telencephalic primordium hippocampi (our prethalamic eminence)
continues to proliferate for a particularly long time
be explained by dilutional effects of multiple mitoses on labeling due to the different protocol employed (see above)
It is noteworthy that the majority of the neurons in the brain of myxines migrate away from the proliferative periventricular area, and, in the pallium, in particular, most cells are clearly segregated in several layers, thus being laminated in appearance (reviewed in <a href="#B71">Ronan and Northcutt, 1998</a>; <a href="#B94">Wicht and Nieuwenhuys, 1998</a>; <a href="#B59">Pombal and Meg&#x000ED;as, in press</a>); up to now
there is no clear correspondence between the different pallial subdivisions recognized in either myxines or lampreys with those established in amniote vertebrates
it is not known whether the situation in lampreys is an ancestral or a derived character
is how this adult GABAergic system is acquired during development
we have studied in detail the early development of the lamprey GABAergic system in both transverse and sagittal semithin sections of the lamprey prosencephalon to get insight on the differentiation and evolution of its GABAergic system
 (A) Transverse section illustrating GABA-ir cells in the olfactory bulb
(C) GABA-ir cells in the prethalamic eminence
Most of its GABA-ir cells are dispersed at intermediate levels
but a few can be observed at either the medial (ventricular; arrowhead) or lateral (superficial; arrow) borders
and sagittal (H,I) sections of prolarvae of different size illustrating the early development of the telencephalic GABAergic cells
Note the increase in the number of GABA-ir cells as well as the progressive colonization of dorsal (pallial) areas
and median preoptic nucleus of a 50-mm larva
nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle; nTPOC
nucleus of the tract of the postoptic commissure; op
Scale bars: (A) &#x0003D; 100 &#x003BC;m; (B) &#x0003D; 50 &#x003BC;m; (C) &#x0003D; 60 &#x003BC;m; (D&#x02013;G,I) &#x0003D; 30 &#x003BC;m; (H) &#x0003D; 40 &#x003BC;m; (J) &#x0003D; 70 &#x003BC;m
These results mostly agree with those previously published on the ontogeny of the GABA-ir populations in the forebrain and midbrain of the sea lamprey (<a href="#B33">Mel&#x000E9;ndez-Ferro et al., 2002a</a>)
with some minor differences that may be due to the temperature used to raise embryos and prolarvae (18&#x000B0;C versus 16&#x000B0;C)
Needless to say that a combination of these options is also possible
and some recent changes have also been introduced on its ventral limit
The internal organization of the olfactory bulbs is quite similar to that of other anamniote vertebrates (<a href="#B17">Heier, 1948</a>; <a href="#B76">Schnitzlein, 1982</a>; <a href="#B19">Iwahori et al., 1987</a>; reviewed in <a href="#B64">Ren et al., 2009</a>)
It is noteworthy that the olfactory bulbs of these animals are larger than the cerebral hemispheres from which they are externally demarcated by a shallow groove
Both of them are hollow structures with their ventricles connected with the median third (diencephalic) ventricle through a common interventricular foramen (or foramen of Monroe)
Schematic drawings of a transverse section through the adult lamprey telencephalon and rostral hypothalamus showing the evolution of the nomenclature of the different nuclei and areas
lateral pallium; LSh; lobulus subhippocampalis; M
these results suggest that some of the major subdivisions of the gnathostome telencephalon are also present in lampreys
the characteristic tangential neuronal migration from the subpallium to the pallium described in tetrapods is likely to be already present in agnathans and elasmobranch fishes
Concerning the general telencephalic organization in lampreys
there is now a general agreement on the subpallial areas
with new ideas and propositions coming out with the increasing amount of experimental data
In the recently proposed prosomeric model for lampreys
the alar plate of the secondary prosencephalon includes the new conception of the telencephalon
the alar plate of p3 becomes quite enlarged due to the consideration of the classical medial pallium as part of the prethalamic eminence
The available results indicate that the lamprey telencephalon possess a more complex organization than previously though
and their combination with chemoarchitectural and hodological techniques
will be useful tools for unraveling the characterization of the telencephalic regions and nuclei in lampreys
providing better comparisons with their counterparts in other vertebrates
in order to clarify the basic molecular mechanisms necessary to originate brain compartments as well as their evolution
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
This work was supported by Spanish MEC-FEDER (grant number BFU2006-14127)
Spanish MICINN-FEDER (grant number BFU2009-13369)
and University of Vigo (grant number 07V1A12)
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1952.tb00362.x" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=13050285" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=13050285" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000140814" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=12746875" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=12746875" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=18331906" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=18331906" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11784017" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11784017" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=1702116" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=1702116" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11922971" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11922971" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=8100141" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=8100141" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005374" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=3431753" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=3431753" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=20967201" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=20967201" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013332" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=15592682" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=15592682" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-004-0450-0" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=20171204" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=20171204" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=12395382" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=12395382" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gene.10142" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11604127" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11604127" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.030" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=16475192" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=16475192" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10427" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03316-3" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=15024752" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=15024752" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=18214835" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=18214835" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dneu.20603" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11566857" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11566857" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=15882571" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=15882571" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01087.x" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11335917" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11335917" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11172008" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11172008" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=3179698" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=3179698" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=8980849" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=8980849" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11416863" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11416863" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gene.1032" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2006.02.007" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=7693801" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=7693801" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11922972" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11922972" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=9359610" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=9359610" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00701-4" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=19729892" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=19729892" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=10516604" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=10516604" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=7515082" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=7515082" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=10906711" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=10906711" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=19575448" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=19575448" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=19951335" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=19951335" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=12833373" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=12833373" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10119" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=17480011" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=17480011" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=16958107" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=16958107" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=8751109" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=8751109" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=20826668" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=20826668" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6178-09.2010" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=2258725" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=2258725" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/neu.480210715" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=5889102" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=5889102" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050010203" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=8940365" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=8940365" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.137.12.5415" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=14984033" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=14984033" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=7866768" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=7866768" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=14694540" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=14694540" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=11922973" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=11922973" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=16385485" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=16385485" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=19267638" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=19267638" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=10342442" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=10342442" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/ejom.37.2.122.4751" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&#x00026;Cmd=ShowDetailView&#x00026;TermToSearch=16841164" target="_blank">Pubmed Abstract</a> | <a href="http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?db=pubmed&#x00026;cmd=prlinks&#x00026;retmode=ref&#x00026;id=16841164" target="_blank">Pubmed Full Text</a> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11068-005-8354-0" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a>
Solveira C and Meg&#x000ED;as M (2011) Development and organization of the lamprey telencephalon with special reference to the GABAergic system
This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and Frontiers Media SA
provided the original authors and source are credited
*Correspondence: Manuel A. Pombal, Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain. e-mail:<a id="encmail">cG9tYmFsQHV2aWdvLmVz</a>
Disclaimer:  All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish
This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks
The action you just performed triggered the security solution
There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase
You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked
Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page
Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker
with long neck and tails &#8211; measuring approximately 12 meters in height and 25 meters in length
“It is not usual to find all the ribs of an animal like this
maintaining their original anatomical position
This mode of preservation is relatively uncommon in the fossil record of dinosaurs
from the Portuguese Upper Jurassic,” said Elisabete Malafaia
a postdoctoral researcher in Geology at the University of Portugal
an important set of elements of the axial skeleton has been unearthed at the site
The scientists believe that this remains belonged to a massive brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur which lived during the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous (approximately 160 to 100 million years ago)
and was characterized by markedly developed forelimbs
Some of the most emblematic dinosaur species that belong to this group of sauropods include Brachiosaurus altithorax&nbsp;and&nbsp;Giraffatitan brancai
a Late Jurassic species found in Portugal’s West region
The preservation characteristics and disposition of the fossils indicate the possible presence of other parts of the skeleton
a hypothesis the researchers aim to test during future excavation campaigns at the site
“The research in the Monte Agudo paleontological locality confirms that the region of Pombal has an important fossil record of Late Jurassic vertebrates
which in the last decades has provided the discovery of abundant materials very significant for the knowledge of the continental faunas that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula at about 145 million years ago,” Dr
By <a href="mailto:andrei.ionescu5891@gmail.com">Andrei Ionescu</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer&nbsp;&nbsp;
Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon  
Credit: Photo courtesy of Instituto Dom Luiz (Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon) (Portugal)
The remains of what can be the largest dinosaur to be found in Europe are being uncovered in a backyard in Pombal
that could correspond to a sauropod dinosaur with approximately 12 meters high and 25 meters long,&nbsp; are now being studied by an international research team
noticed the presence of several fragments of fossilized bones in his yard
which carried the first excavation campaign in that same year
Portuguese and Spanish paleontologists working on the site have been unearthing what can be the remains of the largest sauropod dinosaur to be found in Europe
an important set of elements of the axial skeleton has been collected from the site
which includes vertebrae and ribs of a possible brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur
The Brachiosauridae group is composed of large species that lived from the Upper Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous
approximately 160 to 100 million years ago
and are characterized by the presence of markedly developed forelimbs
Some of the most emblematic dinosaur species belong to this group of sauropods
such as Brachiosaurus altithorax and Giraffatitan brancai
as well as the Portuguese Late Jurassic species found in Portugal&rsquo;s West region
The preservation characteristics of the fossils and their disposition indicate the possible presence of other parts of the skeleton of this individual
a hypothesis that will be tested in future excavation campaigns in the deposit
&ldquo;The research in the Monte Agudo paleontological locality confirms that the region of Pombal has an important fossil record of Late Jurassic vertebrates
which in the last decades has provided the discovery of abundant materials very significant for the knowledge of the continental faunas that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula at about 145 million years ago&rdquo;
and had the support of the Pombal City Council
are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert
by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system
Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon
Copyright © 2025 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
<a href="https://www.athleticsireland.ie/clubs-facilities/" class="text-brand-green text-sm font-medium flex items-baseline justify-end gap-2.25 after:icon--arrow-link hover:underline underline-offset-4"> More about Clubs &amp; Facilities </a>
<a href="https://www.athleticsireland.ie/coaches-officials/" class="text-brand-green text-sm font-medium flex items-baseline justify-end gap-2.25 after:icon--arrow-link hover:underline underline-offset-4"> More about Coaches &#038; Officials </a>
<a href="https://www.athleticsireland.ie/get-involved/" class="text-brand-green text-sm font-medium flex items-baseline justify-end gap-2.25 after:icon--arrow-link hover:underline underline-offset-4"> More about Get Involved </a>
<a href="https://www.athleticsireland.ie/high-performance/" class="text-brand-green text-sm font-medium flex items-baseline justify-end gap-2.25 after:icon--arrow-link hover:underline underline-offset-4"> More about High Performance </a>
closeMenu() { this.menuOpen = false; this.searchOpen = false; this.enableBodyScroll(); }
this.menuOpen; this.searchOpen = false; this.menuOpen 
this.disableBodyScroll() : this.enableBodyScroll(); }
this.searchOpen; this.menuOpen = false; this.searchOpen 
disableBodyScroll() { document.body.classList.add(...this.menuOpenClasses); }
enableBodyScroll() { document.body.classList.remove(...this.menuOpenClasses); }
DNA U20 POMBAL 2024 &#8211; Irish Selection
The National U20 Championships on 3rd August 2024 will be used as selection for the upcoming DNA U20 Club event in Portugal which takes place on 21st and 22nd September 2024
The following events will be attributed points
There is a maximum of two entries per team to go towards team points total
The Club that comes up on top with the most points will be selected for the DNA Meet in Pombal
There is a grant from AAI to help towards costs of travel &amp; accommodation
If you require further information, please email <a href="mailto:competition@athleticsireland.ie">competition@athleticsireland.ie</a>
Sign-up for the Athletics Ireland E-Zine with exclusive interviews
 This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a class="text-brand-green hover:underline" href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a class="text-brand-green hover:underline" href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply. 
We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalised ads or content, and analyse our traffic. By clicking "Accept All", you consent to our use of cookies.
We use cookies to help you navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. You will find detailed information about all cookies under each consent category below.
The cookies that are categorised as "Necessary" are stored on your browser as they are essential for enabling the basic functionalities of the site.
We also use third-party cookies that help us analyse how you use this website, store your preferences, and provide the content and advertisements that are relevant to you. These cookies will only be stored in your browser with your prior consent.
You can choose to enable or disable some or all of these cookies but disabling some of them may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary cookies are required to enable the basic features of this site, such as providing secure log-in or adjusting your consent preferences. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable data.
Functional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collecting feedback, and other third-party features.
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Christmas is coming to Oeiras with three days of intense magic, in an Enchanted Palace that promises to entertain young and old alike this festive season.
Oeiras celebrates Christmas once again with the well-known &#8220;Christmas at the Enchanted Palace&#8221; event, which returns to the  Marquês de Pombal Palace and its gardens for several days full of magic and lots of entertainment: from December 7 to 22.
This year&#8217;s theme will be &#8220;Magic in the Family&#8221;,  and the main attractions, such as the ice rink, inflatables, children&#8217;s train, carousel and snow cannon, will be joined this year by the Rádio Comercial Christmas Choir, featuring Carolina Deslandes (December 7), Mariza Liz (December 14) and Nuno Markl (December 21).
 With more days to bring the whole family to Christmas at the Palácio Encantado, this year all the activities revolve around magic and circus-related activities, especially magic workshops, performances by jugglers, fire-breathers, soap bubbles, puppet shows and even cooking workshops and lots of music.
In addition to all the attractions already mentioned , which are sure to delight all the children, at Christmas at the Enchanted Palace the little ones will also have access to a slide, a mini Ferris wheel, Santa&#8217;s House, face painting and, of course, the always incredible moment with the snow cannons. 
This year&#8217;s event also has a large restaurant area with various local products and a Christmas market with handicrafts, where you can buy your presents &#8211; the rest of the reasons to come to Oeiras from December 7 to 22.
Address: Jardins e Palácio Marquês de Pombal (Oeiras) Opening hours: from December 7 to 22: on the 7th, 8th, 14th, 21st and 22nd, from 1pm to 10pm; from the 9th to the 13th, from 3pm to 7pm; and from the 16th to the 20th, from 10am to 7pm Tickets: free
Text description provided by the architects. Structural Engineering, Hydraulic devices and Acoustics: ABL – Gabinete de Projectos Lda
</a>The materials used were prominently plastered walls
the approach was concerned with the idea of a topographical design of the infrastructure
Both the parking area and the adjacent facilities were designed as topographical elements
concrete walls supporting the transition between sharp differences of levels
aims to enhance the Castle as the main built element of the area
The west access to the Castle was redesigned
The surrounding area of Santa Maria’s Church was also redesigned to provide a public space that could foster its appropriation as a privileged stage for performances and other cultural activities
The material that is thoroughly used in this area is limestone
To work as a connector between these areas
proving thus an additional element to attract visitors to the area
To highlight its singular role in the overall intervention
the cafeteria was built using a metallic structure and finished with corten steel panels both on its façades and roofs
the design’s strategy of affirming the new against the pre-existing preserving
With this project we aimed at creating a delicate balance between nature and artefact
You&#39;ll now receive updates based on what you follow
Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors
If you have done all of this and still can&#39;t find the email
Researchers believe vertebrae and ribs indicate a brachiosaurid sauropod 25 metres long and 12 metres high
</a>The remains of what could be the largest dinosaur ever found in Europe have been uncovered in a back garden in Portugal
Excavation work began in the garden in the city of Pombal in 2017
when the owner of the property noticed fragments of fossilised bone and contacted researchers from the University of Lisbon
Spanish and Portuguese palaeontologists working at the site began unearthing the vertebrae and ribs of what they think is a brachiosaurid sauropod
Sauropods were the biggest of all dinosaurs and the largest land animals ever to have lived
“It is not usual to find all the ribs of an animal like this, let alone in this position, maintaining their original anatomical position,” Elisabete Malafaia, post-doctoral researcher at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, <a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-08-largest-dinosaur-skeleton-europe-portugal.html" data-link-name="in body link">told the Phys.org website</a>
<a href="#img-2" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms">View image in fullscreen</a>Part of the sauropod’s fossilised skeleton uncovered
Photograph: Instituto Dom Luiz (Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon
Portugal)The sauropod group – which includes the brontosaurus and diplodocus – were herbivores
The size of the bones found in the garden suggests that the dinosaur was 12 metres high and 25 metres long
Because of the natural position that the skeleton was found in
researchers are hopeful that further excavation may uncover more parts of the same dinosaur
Free daily newsletterOur morning email breaks down the key stories of the day
telling you what’s happening and why it matters
The skeleton was found in Upper Jurassic sedimentary rocks
“[This discovery] confirms that the region of Pombal has an important fossil record of Late Jurassic vertebrates
which in the last decades has provided the discovery of abundant materials very significant for the knowledge of the continental faunas that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula at about 145m years ago,” Malafaia added
This is the archive of The Observer up until 21/04/2025
The Observer is now owned and operated by Tortoise Media
Assistants: Alvaro Arias Romera &amp; Wilson Mountland
Tonight&#39;s match referee will be chosen from FIFA&#39;s list of officials but looks likely to be Arcibaldo Pombal
On the top list of select officials for online games
This week alone has seen this refereeing team take charge of more than 487,322 online games but there&#39;s no doubt over their fitness ahead of tonight&#39;s clash
Pombal has gained a reputation for being very lenient with his cards
preferring to keep them in his pocket but is a stickler for fouls and won&#39;t be letting anything go lightly this evening
Lewis Frampton squaring off against Finn Harps for a place in the Last 32
Read today's Portuguese stories delivered to your email
The commemorations of the Day of the Municipality are the kick-off,&rdquo; said the mayor
Pedro Pimp&atilde;o said that he wants &ldquo;Reflorestar Pombal&rdquo; to involve schools
private social solidarity institutions (IPSS) or companies
the objective is to plant two thousand trees in the municipality
on what the mayor called &ldquo;Green Sunday&rdquo;
to appeal to &ldquo;environmental and ecological issues&rdquo;
1,800 autochthonous forest species will then be distributed throughout the 13 parishes of the county
in order to carry out the planting of 2,000 trees by the end of the year
Pedro Pimp&atilde;o explained that a stock of autochthonous trees will also be created
communities and other civil society organizations&rdquo;
in order to &ldquo;increase the planting of trees in the county&rdquo;
We appreciate that not everyone can afford to pay for our services but if you are able to
we ask you to support The Portugal News by making a contribution – no matter how small
You can change how much you give or cancel your contributions at any time
Plenty of gobbing off about planting trees before they are in the ground 
don&#039;t hear much about the long term survival rate though ,which is usually close to zero due to lack of maintenance 
Send us your comments or opinion on this article
Reaching over 400,000 people a week with news about Portugal
Photo: Instituto Dom Luiz (Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon)
a real piece of history in someone&#039;s own backyard
Was probably waiting for an appointment with IMT
Aug 10, 2022 | <a href="https://www.metrolisboa.pt/en/category/sem-categoria/" rel="category tag">Sem categoria</a>
due to track improvement works on the Blue line (Praça de Espanha &#8211; S
Praça de Espanha and Jardim Zoológico stations will be closed and trains will only run between:
&#8211; Reboleira «-» Laranjeiras;&#8211; Marquês de Pombal (Blue line) «-» Santa Apolónia
Laranjeiras and Marquês de Pombal (Blue line) stations remain open from 6:30 a.m
– Departure platform towards Reboleira – in operation;– Departure platform towards Santa Apolónia – terminal platform
– North Atrium remains open with access to the Red line
street elevator and Shopping Centre (El Corte Inglês).– South Atrium closed – access to the Shopping Centre (Eel Corte Inglês) closed
Sebastião station (Red line) remains in operation
/ Alexandre Herculano St.) – closed;– Departure platform towards Reboleira – closed;– Departure platform towards Santa Apolónia – in operation for departures and arrivals
trains will run as normal until closing time (01:00 a.m.) and normal service will resumed in the entire Blue line on August 16 (Tuesday)
Sebastião station on the Red line will maintain normal service and working hours
the ticket offices and Navegante points of sale in Jardim Zoológico station are closed
To pick up your Lisboa viva card (requested in this station)
please go to the Express Lisboa Viva office in Marquês de Pombal station
please go to the other Navegante points of sale in Entre Campos and Alameda (Red line) stations
Passengers are advised to use the following Carris bus line alternatives until normal metro service is restored:
&#8211; <a href="https://www.carris.pt/en/travel/carreiras/746-marques-pombal-est-damaia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">746 | M. Pombal – Est. Damaia</a>&#8211; <a href="https://www.carris.pt/en/travel/carreiras/726-sapadores-pontinha-centro/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">726 | Sapadores &#8211; Pontinha (Centro).</a>
What is being done?Works to improve the railway track between Praça de Espanha and S
Sebastião I stations on Blue line.The following infrastructures will be rehabilitated:– Replacement of ballast track (crushed stone) with concrete track in part of the section
Sebastião I stations;– Replacement of the track switch point that enables train directional maneuvers
What are the benefits of this work?This intervention will significantly improve the reliability of the train service on the Blue line.Once the works are completed
the current service restriction will be lifted in this track section