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represents a significant advancement in the production of renewable hydrogen in Portugal
this project has been conceived to produce polymeric materials with a lower carbon footprint
using renewable hydrogen as a raw material
With a capacity of 4 MW and an annual estimated production of 600 tonnes of renewable hydrogen
H2ALBA stands to be a fundamental pillar in Repsol's strategy for the energy transition
The reduction of CO2 emissions is estimated at 6,000 tonnes per year
which highlights the company's commitment to sustainability and reduction of CO2 emissions
The hydrogen produced in H2ALBA will be supplied to the new polyolefins units of the ALBA project
thus contributing to the decarbonization of the industrial process
the electricity necessary for the operation of the electrolyzer will come from a self-consumption photovoltaic park located in the same industrial complex
The detailed engineering of the project is under development
and construction is expected to begin in the second quarter of 2025
with a start of operation scheduled for the first quarter of 2026
The manufacturing of the electrolyzer's process modules
based on proton-exchange membrane (PEM) technology
The points of view and opinions expressed are the exclusive responsibility of the author or authors and don't necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate
Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA)
Neither the European Union nor CINEA can be considered responsible for them
Florida lawmakers may leave Tallahassee without doing the one thing they are constitutionally required to do: pass a budget
With the end of the legislative session typically marked by the ceremonial "Sine Die" — Latin for "without day" — this year’s adjournment remains up in the air
Lawmakers have yet to strike a deal on the budget
and there’s still no precise end date in sight
session uncertain: Florida lawmakers face 'Sine Doubt'
Friday would normally bring the traditional hanky drop signaling session's end
state spending plan negotiations — particularly over proposed tax cuts — remain stalled
and lawmakers are at odds on several major bills
“We are still in conversations with the Senate
but I do want to give you a road map for the next week or so,” said House Speaker Rep
leadership in both chambers announced lawmakers would work through Friday and then break for at least a week
“We’re putting together a framework for the budget
and I’m optimistic we’ll have more news here very soon,” said Florida Senate President Sen
The Legislature faces a July 1 deadline to pass a balanced budget
It’s unclear whether lawmakers will extend the session or formally gavel out and reconvene later in a special session
If they adjourn without passing remaining bills
and legal changes affecting insurance lawsuits would all die
Florida Democrats have criticized the Republican supermajority for what they see as a failure of leadership
members suggested 2025 was the year of the “Seinfeld Session” — a session about nothing
It’s the one thing that we’re constitutionally obligated to do as a legislature is to pass a balanced budget to keep Florida working,” said House Minority Leader Fentrice Driskell (D-Tampa)
this session is a disappointment that we couldn’t get there
There’s been so much Republican infighting
it just feels like we’re letting the people of Florida down.”
characterizing the delay as a normal part of the legislative process
That’s despite a still simmering dispute between Florida Gov
what’s the pain point between now and then
has expressed frustration with the slow pace
We have six years of showing how it’s done,” DeSantis said during a recent press conference
the session remains in what some are calling "Sine Doubt."
and I feel like that's part of where the system failed"
Henry Betsey Jr. is facing charges for marrying three Florida women in three different counties at the same time. Now
saying the system that handles marriage licenses kept them in the dark
Report a typo
Fairbanks softball player Maddi Sines is the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Athlete of the Week for April 14-20
Sines received 49.5% of the vote and was followed by Olentangy Liberty lacrosse player Madeline Pohmer with 37.5%
Also nominated were Hamilton Township baseball's Brad Butcher
Hilliard Davidson baseball's Johnny DiBlasio
Olentangy softball's Addi Hulshof and Bloom-Carroll softball's Claire Whitcraft
The Athlete of the Week voting recognizes athletes across all sports
Nominations are due Monday mornings for competitions that took place the previous week
Anyone can nominate an athlete by email to bwhite1@dispatch.com or through X (formerly Twitter) tagging @BrianWhite13
Once athletes win during the regular season
they're not eligible to be back on the ballot until the postseason
Athletes who have not been a recipient of one of the weekly awards can be nominated more than once
Have any questions? Email sports editor Brian White at bwhite1@dispatch.com
First of six buildings on the planned 1.2GW campus
Start Campus has launched its SIN01 data center in Sines
It is the first building at the company's flagship campus
Announced in a recent LinkedIn post
the company said: “AI is now a reality in Portugal
and we are proud to be at the forefront of this transformation
Our project has enabled a new global data center market that did not exist before SIN01 became operational
“Portugal is an ideal alternative to constrained markets
SIN01 is part of Start Campus’ planned six-building campus
Start Campus secured power to bring the total potential IT capacity of the campus to 1.2GW
SIN01 was projected to have a capacity of 14MW
but it is unclear if this is still the case
Other specifications have also yet to be shared, however, when construction began in April 2022, Start Campus said SIN01 would span 5,000 sqm (53,800 sq ft) across six data halls
The campus will use Nautilus cooling technology
which can leverage surrounding seawater for a more environmentally friendly cooling solution
In September last year
Internet exchange operator DE-CIX said it would be offering its interconnection and cloud services from Start Campus’ Sines facility
Start Campus faced several challenges when it was involved in a corruption scandal that brought down the Portuguese government and saw several Start Campus executives arrested amid investigations of alleged “misuse of funds
active and passive corruption by political figures
Since then, the charges against former CEO Afonso Salema have been dropped. Robert Dunn is now the permanent CEO at Start Campus
having served as the interim CEO since November 2023
The majority of data centers in Portugal have been concentrated in the capital city of Lisbon
and Equinix all have a presence in the region
Sines is also home to the EllaLink subsea cable
and Olisipo cables set to join in the coming years
Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia
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The $9.4 billion (€8.5 billion) SINES DC Campus developed by Start Campus (owned by U.S.-based Davidson Kempner and U.K.’s Pioneer Point Partners) is set to deliver a 1.2 GW IT facility with industry-leading sustainable credentials
the campus features a state-of-the-art seawater cooling system
that leverages the ocean as a natural heat sink
achieving a Water Usage Effectiveness (“WUE”) of 0 – addressing a critical resource challenge faced by data centers worldwide
the campus will connect three continents through high-speed subsea cables
Capitalizing on Portugal’s unique position as the only country in the world with direct submarine cable connections to around 60 countries
Drawing on our global experience and deep domain knowledge in delivering sustainable
innovative solutions for the digital economy
we are designing this “green giant” to deliver data using 100% renewable energy
digitally enabled economy requires resilient
SINES DC sets a new standard for data center design – one that contributes positively to the economy and society while respecting the environment.”
As industries rapidly pivot to digitalization and virtualization
data centers are becoming increasingly central to how we work and live
these mission-critical facilities have relied on a power-heavy designs to maximize processing capacity and minimize downtime
achieving sustainability and carbon neutral goals requires a fundamental shift in how data centers are designed and delivered.
Leveraging the brainpower of more than 60 designers
power and energy specialists and environmental teams across the U.S.
LMSA and PGI — we are drawing on our globally integrated delivery approach and our subject matter experts’ deep expertise to craft the SINES DC campus
sets a new benchmark for sustainable data center design
The campus will achieve Net Zero by 2030 through cutting-edge sustainable design
This includes repurposing the existing ocean water intake and outtake infrastructure from a former coal-fired power plant to create a state-of-the-art ocean-water cooling solution and sourcing 100% renewable power from Portugal’s robust renewable energy portfolio.
became operational in 2024 with its first 14 MW
serving as a proof of concept for prospective clients transitioning to larger spaces in the campus’s subsequent data center buildings (SIN0206) which range from 190 to 220 MW each
the SINES DC campus will serve as a socio-economic pillar for the region
the campus is projected to contribute approximately 1% of Portugal’s GDP with a total capacity of 1.2 GW across six buildings.
The percentage of renewable energy that will power the SINES DC campus
The number of continents that the campus will serve directly via high-speed subsea cables
achieved through highly efficient cooling solution
We embed sustainability into data center design to help clients achieve their carbon-neutral objectives while positively impacting the environment
Our approach balances operational reliability and the need for speed to market
Jacobs has designed and delivered state-of-the-art data center projects that prioritize innovative approaches to sustainability and energy efficiency.
we need to minimize the impact on the environment
we implement energy-efficient technologies that pull from renewable energy sources and adopt eco-friendly practices across all data center design
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Geraldine Liner; 26 grandkids; 52 great grandkids; his companion of 10 years
Phyllis Jane Lacoste; and numerous nieces and nephews
He is proceeded in death by his loving wife of 44 years
He was a part-time deputy with TPSO (Rozand)
a past Grand Knight for Knights of Columbus 8779
a past Faithful Navigator for Fourth Degree Knights of Columbus 2215; he also donated his time taking care of St
Eloi Cemetery for 40 years and he was a lead usher
He was a fisherman and him and his brother owned Liner's Net Shop
He was Dad like no other and will be missed dearly by all that knew him
He always had an open home with food and coffee on the table he enjoyed hosting dinners for the priest
Family and friends are invited to a visitation in his honor on Tuesday
until a Mass of Christian Burial at 12:00 p.m
Chauvin Funeral Home is honored to serve the family of Sines P
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Pink is what distinguishes the last day of Florida’s Legislative Sessions
and observers clad in pink outfits roam the Capitol hallways during the Session’s final hours
Pink is the tradition for Capitol veterans to pay tribute to the late lobbyist Marvin Arrington
and he had a tradition of wearing a pink sports coat on the last day of Session,” said Wayne Malaney
Arrington succumbed to a heart attack in a parking lot a block north of the Capitol
It was the Monday of the last week of Session for that year
By the time people realized he was in crisis
smoke from spinning his car tires filled the downtown area
and no one serving today was here when Marvin was
but those who remembered him by wearing pink,” said Keith Arnold
who served in the House in the 1980s and 1990s and now lobbies
showed up at the Capitol wearing Arrington’s trademark pink jackets
Joining them were more than 100 lobbyists sporting pink: carnations
They were all responding to Reynolds’ request to remember his dad with a display of pink
“Anyone that’s man enough to wear pink at your age is man enough for us to listen to,” former Speaker James Harold Thompson said to the Orlando Sentinel
People observe traditions for a variety of reasons
They are a tool to maintain predictability in a changing world
to create self-identity for a group within a larger society
and to transfer knowledge from one generation to the next
“I wear a hideous pink jacket for Marvin; he was a great guy
He was just 13 years old when he lost his father
and Marvin would tell friends he grew up at the Capitol
He was known as a “white hat,” an honest broker of information among lawmakers
“We respected him greatly for his intellect and honesty,” said Steve Schale
“And my way of paying homage to the way I think we are supposed to treat this business as advocates is to wear pink for Marvin Arrington.”
seeing pink at the Capitol on the Session’s final day is a visual reminder of how each generation takes nourishment from earlier ones
Ramba may be right: It’s a hideous fashion statement but a fun way to remember a “great guy and wonderful man.”
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We place our complex at the forefront in Europe
begun its expansion work in March 2023 with 38 new hectares and represents the largest industrial investment made in Portugal in the last 10 years
This project has been considered by the Portuguese government as an initiative of Potential National Interest (PIN)
a qualification reserved for investments that make a significant contribution to the country's economy
The H2ALBA project, at the Sines Industrial Complex, is a fundamental pillar for the energy transition. It is estimated that it will produce 600 tonnes of renewable hydrogen and reduce up to 6,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually
The expansion includes the construction of two new plants
one for linear polyethylene and the other for polypropylene
100% recyclable polymeric materials for the pharmaceutical
Each of these lines will increase production capacity by 300,000 tonnes per year
which represent an investment of 657 million euros
and make the Sines Industrial Complex one of the most advanced in Europe due to its flexibility
The technologies of both plants ensure maximum energy efficiency
integrating the self-consumption of photovoltaic energy and hydrogen by electrolysis
and the first of their kind that will be installed in the iberian peninsula
The complex will also have new logistics facilities
incorporating the possibility of using the railroad and connection to the port of Sines
optimizing the connection with the European market
as well as reducing the carbon footprint of product transportation
This project will contribute to greater integration and diversification of Repsol's industrial area
the largest industrial investment of the last 10 years in Portugal
of investment for the expansion of the Sines Industrial Complex
of linear polyethylene and polypropylene produced
Work starts on the expansion of the complex
This project includes the construction of two new plants
Signing to expand the Sines industrial complex
Repsol will invest €657 million in the expansion of its Sines Industrial Complex
Release date: October 21, 2014 | The Mylene Sheath | Bandcamp | Facebook | Instagram | Website
Crescendocore killed a lot of my excitement for post-rock
bands in the genre were pushing boundaries in terms of atmosphere
later post-rock bands focused more on the crashing highs than the satisfying build-up feeding it
Luckily there were always bands like New Zealand trio Jakob
who crafted more than juicy punchlines with their music
2014’s Sines is the perfect example for their craft
9 years ago) some friends and I decided to go to one of the best venues in town (and an old theater/cinema where I saw amazing shows by Amenra
but also countless other acts outside the doom/post metal realm like Hiatus Kaiyote or Mouse On The Keys) to see a post rock show
and going to said venue was always a treat
Little did we know how much that night would affect our musical identity
I don’t really remember the support bands
the metaphorical curtain was lifted to reveal the main act
and what happened next was nothing short of an out-of-body experience
seeing this band in this venue is one of the most intense musical experiences I’ve ever had
I moved closer and closer to the stage until I was in the front row with my eyes and soul wide open
The music washed over me in massive tidal waves
It was such an organic (it took me a while to actually write “organic” as I Freudianly slipped into writing “orgasmic” a few times) and fantastic experience
and to this day my friends and I remember that night fondly
I devoured Jakob‘s discography like a desert nomad gulping down a glass of water
was the one that stuck with me the most – maybe because it was the one that was most represented when they were on stage
I can’t really tell you what my relationship to this band and this album would be like if I hadn’t seen that show – I probably wouldn’t be praising them over the moon to this day
I probably wouldn’t call Sines the best post rock album of all time either
there’s nothing special about Sines – it’s a swelling
richly textured post rock record with a little post metal thrown in here and there
It clearly follows the formula of the genre
but what the trio does with that formula is so much more than the sum of its parts
probably because of the circumstances of how I was first introduced to the band
was the feeling of being in the room with Jakob live
with massively crushing riffs and drums that
Maybe it’s the rudimentary take they have on their genre
Maybe it’s the strong sense of meaning that radiates from every second of this album
in an ocean of genre that often suffers from irrelevant randomness
So when I say this is the best post rock album of all time
That doesn’t mean it can’t be true for you
The New Zealand based post-rock outfit Jakob are the kind of band who bears a tremendous significance to a lot of people – even an entire scene – yet somehow they’ve always flown under the radar in certain terms
and their name is often left unspoken in discussions where they’d very much belong to
personal perspective probably plays into this somewhat
and I’m also one of those who hopped on board of the trio’s sonic train relatively late
One thing that I like about being late to this kind of party
is that more often than not there’s quite a bit of material to dig into and enjoy
and I really like the additional depth and certain type of career spanning overview one can attain only through this type of discovery
Sines is the trio’s most recent album to date
and it’s also the first one I heard from them
so it’s the one that holds the most value for me
Having no prior knowledge of Jakob or who they are
I remember very vividly how I had to immediately stop what I was doing and just let my soul wander into the beautiful sonic wilderness that unfolded in front of me for the next 45 minutes
I’m sure you know the kind of reaction I’m talking about
and I’m sure you know how that leaves an impression on your psyche
The opening track “Blind Them With Science” not only explains a whole important agenda in four words
but also matches this grandiosity musically
I’m not a “regular listener” of anything
but I see music for its value and always try to reserve the time and space to fully concentrate on something
even though taking care of some mundane tasks has proven to be a psychologically relaxing thing lately
some things are too immersive to allow for any extra meandering
and that kind of output has always spoken to me on a very deep level
whether musically or otherwise artistically
and Jakob are a good example of an act that will take you with them for as long as it takes
Post-rock as a concept has always felt like a home to me
giving me room to live and breathe in spaces and situations where there are none
and part of that has to do with the juxtapositions and contrasts it usually uses as a baseline for everything
where the opposite ends of the spectrum are explored in equal measure to create a vibrant and adventurous whole
Even though the heavier aspects rely more on emotional heaviness
there’s still plenty of the more familiar idea of it
like on the aforementioned opener or “Magna Carta”
which along with the droning title track and “Resolve” – one of the most beautiful songs known to mankind – gives the album its prominence
The concept of a wall of sound is often ingrained in extreme music and distortion
but Jakob and Sines are a perfect example of how this idea can be used in a different way than perhaps the genre’s usual way
and the end result is more like a solid swath of sound that doesn’t pale in comparison
but flourishes in its own way to a somewhat similar effect
Jakob has been weaving this enveloping sonic tapestry for nearly three decades now
and with the promise of new material in the immediate horizon
it just feels like a pretty good idea to take this album – and why not their entire discography – for another leisurely spin
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Wooster author Dottie Sines has set her first novel
"Where the Stars Cross," in the midst of that decade
New York publisher The Wild Rose Press will release the book worldwide
The novel is set partially in the Chicago area and in Marietta
“Although Marietta and Chicago couldn’t differ more
both are among my favorite destinations,” Sines said in a news release
“and they emerged as perfect settings when I set out to write my first novel.”
the first permanent settlement in the Northwest Territory
is frequently cited as one of the most charming towns in America to visit
Writing the book involved extensive research
as Sines wanted to make the story as historically accurate as possible in reflecting the locations as well as the times
Included in the storyline is one of the worst Ohio River floods in history
in which a month of rains in early 1937 resulted in much of Marietta being completely submerged
"Where the Stars Cross" tells the story of the fictional Eleanor Helene Todd
Ellie’s marriage crashed along with the stock market
leaving her struggling to restore her life and feeling as damaged as the stained-glass panels she refurbishes for Chicago’s historic structures
Ellie encounters towboat captain Wyatt Dare and feels a searing attraction to him
her attempts at opening herself to love seems futile
and she struggles to find the place she belongs
Ellie draws on an unrealized level of courage and learns she must identify her brightest passions in charting her course
“The protagonist responds to her troubles in ways not typical for women of the 1930s,” Sines said
“I hope the book will inspire my readers with its themes of hope
Awards and accoladesSines serves on the board of the Wayne County Historical Society
She has won multiple awards for short stories and non-fiction pieces
including having been honored twice as one of 10 finalists in the short story contest of the Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park
which published her award-winning stories in the 3rd and 5th editions of its literary journal
"Where the Stars Cross" is available for pre-order
where the book has made the Hot New Releases in 20th Century Historical Romance list
Sines will appear at Grigio Wine & Cocktail Bar
Grigio will offer 1930s cocktails and stream music of the era
For more information visit www.dottiesines.com or email at dot@dottiesines.com
Claims to be largest colocation site in Europe with fully secured power
Start Campus has secured additional power for its Sines DC in Lisbon
bringing its total potential IT capacity to 1.2GW
the campus is now the largest colocation site with fully secured grid power
the Portuguese transmission system operator
The Sines DC campus will be located south of Lisbon and is set to comprise six buildings once fully constructed
The first building with an IT capacity of 14MW is expected to be operational by Q4 of 2024
This is to be expanded to 26MW through the use of liquid cooling technologies
The remaining five buildings will each support up to 240 MW of IT capacity and will be constructed sequentially
All buildings are expected to be operational by 2030
The campus will use Nautilus cooling technology
enabling the company to leverage the surrounding seawater for a more environmentally friendly cooling solution
said: “Securing this additional grid capacity marks a significant milestone for Start Campus
coupled with our unique seawater cooling solution
creates an unprecedented offering that sets new standards for the industry
I am proud to deliver a solution that sustainably meets the evolving needs of our customers.”
That corruption investigation surrounded the "misuse of funds
and influence peddling” involving lithium mining concessions
Accusations were later made that the site was damaging natural habitats protected by Portuguese and European legislation as its first data center on the site in Sines was built on top of a wetland area identified as a priority habitat, despite Start's promises not to do so, according to a study by the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF)
stating that it had been instructed to safeguard species of heather (erica cirialis and erica erigena) plants
and the company worked with experts on the local habitat to do so
The plants were removed from the construction site and put into a nursery along with around 200 tonnes of soil
The company says they have thrived in their temporary home and added that they will be later returned to the Nest site
In July 2024, Robert Dunn was appointed as permanent CEO
Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia
Metrics details
The sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is a popular population-based optimization technique that utilizes sine and cosine functions to navigate complex search spaces
its inherent simplicity can hinder optimal exploration-exploitation balance
leading to slow convergence and reduced precision
we propose a novel triangular optimization (TO) strategy combined with a theft mechanism (TM)
resulting in an enhanced algorithm named TTOSCA
We rigorously evaluate TTOSCA against 27 competing algorithms using the IEEE CEC2017 benchmark functions and apply the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to assess performance
Our results indicate that TTOSCA significantly improves precision and convergence speed
to validate its effectiveness in discrete spaces through feature selection experiments on 17 datasets from UCI
including medical and high-dimensional gene data
Comparative analysis shows that BTTOSCA excels in both exploration and exploitation
achieving smaller feature subsets without compromising classification accuracy
This positions BTTOSCA as a powerful tool for feature selection in high-dimensional datasets
Optimization typically refers to the task of finding the best possible solution or strategy within defined constraints
As human society and technology continue to advance
the complexity of real-world problems has significantly increased
optimization has become a central focus across various domains
A diverse array of optimization methods has been developed to address these challenges
Through case studies conducted on eight wind speed datasets from two wind farms
experimental results revealed that this system exhibited superior accuracy and stability compared to other models
a tendency to search in local optima and relatively low solution accuracy repeatedly
Especially when dealing with complex optimization problems that are multi-modal and high-dimensional
the performance of the SCA algorithm may not be satisfactory
many researchers have sought to enhance and apply SCA across various domains
we will review representative works related to SCA to understand the current research landscape better
Comparative experiments with other MAs showed that this hybrid algorithm is a promising tool for estimating HAPF parameters
an adaptive component was incorporated into the search equation of SCA to explore all promising search regions previously visited
Experimental evaluations of m-SCA were conducted on 23 classic benchmark functions and the standard IEEE CEC2014 benchmark functions
validating its effectiveness in global optimization
the m-SCA algorithm was applied to five engineering optimization problems
demonstrating its strong capability for global optimization
They proposed a greedy algorithm to control the original algorithm’s transition of search
This enhancement aims to improve the algorithm’s convergence accuracy and population diversity
ECr-SCA was applied to train multi-layer perceptron
and standard deviation demonstrated significant improvements compared to the standard SCA
This method was applied to optimize power losses in the IEEE 30-bus bus systems
Despite advancements in optimization algorithms
many existing methods still face significant challenges in balancing exploration and exploitation
such as slow convergence and a tendency to prematurely converge to local optima
highlight the need for further enhancements to this approach
Our research aims to address these shortcomings by introducing new operators that lead to an enhanced version of the SCA
This study is crucial for improving the performance of optimization techniques and expanding their applicability across various domains
An in-depth analysis of SCA and its limitations reveals two key issues
SCA struggles to balance global exploration and local exploitation tendencies properly
especially when addressing diverse optimization tasks
Its simplistic structure may not effectively manage these tendencies
If the algorithm prioritizes global exploration excessively
the population may fail to exploit potential optimal positions effectively
overemphasizing local exploitation may hinder the population’s global exploration capability
leading to repetitive searches in local optima and inferior solutions
achieving a more balanced and adaptive coordination of global search and local exploration tendencies in SCA remains a significant challenge
SCA’s deficiency in adequately exploring optimal individuals and leveraging their position information leads to insufficient exploitation capability
the quality of solutions obtained by SCA is compromised
The experimental findings indicate that TTOSCA exhibits statistically superior overall performance compared to the other algorithms under consideration
we develop a binary version of TTOSCA named BTTOSCA
which is applied to 17 feature selection tasks sourced from UCI datasets
including 5 medical datasets and 12 high-dimensional gene datasets
The primary contributions of this paper are as follows:
Proposing a novel triangular optimization strategy to enhance the standard SCA’s convergence speed
Introducing a theft mechanism to augment the exploration capability of the original SCA
Demonstrating that TTOSCA outperforms 27 comparative algorithms in overall optimization performance
Illustrating that TTOSCA achieves fewer feature subsets with high classification accuracy
particularly in high-dimensional gene datasets
This subsection offers an in-depth discussion of the background of feature selection
Feature selection is paramount in machine learning and data mining
aiming to choose the most representative subset from the original feature set
the original feature set often comprises numerous features
feature selection eliminates unnecessary features
ultimately improving the model’s generalization ability and efficiency
Filter-based feature selection methods typically evaluate and rank features based on specific metrics
selecting the top-ranked features as the final subset
they may not fully consider the specific requirements of learning algorithms
Wrapper-based feature selection involves constructing multiple feature subsets and evaluating each using a given learning algorithm
Iterative optimization gradually improves the feature subset
Embedded feature selection methods integrate feature selection into the training process of machine learning models customized to the specific learning model being used
wrapper-based feature selection offers inherent advantages over exhaustive search methods
Finding the optimal feature subset becomes an NP-hard problem when dealing with high-dimensional data
Wrapper-based feature selection efficiently obtains optimal or suboptimal feature subsets within an acceptable time frame
Experimental evaluations conducted on 31 datasets showed the effectiveness of this algorithm
achieving high classification efficiency for both binary and multi-class imbalanced data
Testing on 18 benchmark datasets and two real-world Parkinson’s disease phonation datasets revealed that mHGS significantly outperforms classical HGS and seven established algorithms in key metrics such as recall
This study underscores the effectiveness of mHGS as a superior approach for feature selection across various applications
the research results highlight the significant research value and promising application prospects of swarm intelligence algorithms in feature selection problems
The algorithm initially generates multiple random candidate solutions and relies on a trigonometric function model to achieve random jumps between sine and cosine functions
thereby driving the population toward global optimal directions
SCA also integrates multiple random and time-varying parameters to maintain a balance between exploration and exploitation tendencies
the random solution changes slowly compared to the exploration phase
\(\:{X}_{i,j}^{t}\:\)represents the position of the \(\:i\)–th candidate solution in the \(\:j\)–th dimension of the population \(\:X\) at the \(\:t\)–th evaluation
\(\:{r}_{1}/{r}_{2}/{r}_{3}\) are random numbers
\(\:{P}_{j}\) denotes the position of the \(\:j\)–th dimension of the best candidate solution
and \(\:\left|\right|\) denotes the absolute value
The variable \(\:{r}_{1}\) serves the purpose of transforming two distinct search spaces
This search space appears either within the internal space of \(\:{X}_{i}\) and \(\:{P}_{i}\)
it linearly decreases from \(\:a\) to 0 to enhance both exploratory and exploitative behaviors
where \(\:t\) represents the current evaluation count
\(\:T\) represents the maximum evaluation count
\(\:{r}_{2}\) is a random number within the range \(\:\left[0,\:\:2{\uppi\:}\right]\)
used to determine the proximity or distance from the position\(\:\:{P}_{j}\)
\(\:{r}_{3}\) is a random number within the range \(\:\left[0,\:\:2\right]\) used to amplify or diminish the influence of \(\:{P}_{j}\)on the current candidate solution during computation
\(\:{r}_{4}\) is a random number within the range \(\:\left[0,\:\:1\right]\)
which equally probabilistically switches the candidate solution between the sine and cosine functions during the update
The theft mechanism (TM) originates from the proposed dung beetle optimizer [76]
which simulates the behavior of dung beetles stealing dung balls
the position update formula for the dung beetle’s theft process is as follows:
\(\:{X}_{i}^{t}\) denotes the position information of the \(\:i\) individual in the population at evaluation \(\:t\)
\(\:{X}_{i}^{t}\) represents the position of the best search agent up to the current evaluation
\(\:{X}_{best}^{t}\) represents the current best position in the population
and \(\:s\) is a random vector following a normal distribution with a dimension of \(\:1\times\:D\)
which constructs a triangle in a two-dimensional space to represent possible solutions
By evaluating and continuously updating the positions of the triangle’s vertices using operations like reflection
NMs efficiently seek the optimal value with its simple structure and strong local search capabilities
the triangular optimization strategy divides the population \(\:{X}_{n}\) into three equally sized subpopulations—\(\:X\_one\)
\(\:X\_two\) and \(\:X\_three\)—sorted by fitness
This approach harnesses the power of population division to explore the solution space and achieve optimal solutions effectively
where \(\:l\) represents the size of each subpopulation
we aim for sufficient interaction among individuals from the three subpopulations
where \(\:w\) is an adaptive parameter, \(\:t\) is the current evaluation number, and \(\:T\) is the maximum evaluation number. The formula for \(\:w\) is as follows:
As the evaluation number increases, \(\:w\) linearly decreases from \(\:{w}_{max}\) to \(\:{w}_{min}\). In this paper, \(\:{w}_{max}\) is set to 0.7, and \(\:{w}_{min}\) is set to 0.2. Due to the poorer fitness of individuals in the subpopulation \(\:X\_three\), we gradually reduce their weight during the algorithm iteration to weaken their influence on the current position updates. Specifically, as the evaluation number increases, the fluctuation range of \(\:{r}_{1}\) becomes smaller.
To accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm, we aim to bring individuals in the population closer to the best search agent. The formula is as follows:
where \(\:{P}_{j}^{t}\) represents the position of the best search agent in the \(\:j\)-th dimension up to the current evaluation. \(\:k1\) and \(\:k2\) are random numbers, \(\:k1,k2\in\:\left\{\text{1,2},\dots\:l\right\}\), representing the \(\:k1\)-th or \(\:k2\)-th individual in the sub-population.
During the iterative process of the algorithm, the early stages should focus more on exploration, aiming to search the entire space as extensively as possible. In later stages, emphasis should shift towards exploitation to improve solution accuracy. Therefore, we use a probability \(\:p\) to balance these tendencies. Consequently, the individual position update formula is as follows:
where \(\:p\) is a random number within the range of [0,1]. The pseudocode for TO strategy is presented in Algorithm 2.
we will provide a detailed introduction to TTOSCA
as well as time complexity and its binary version
This study integrates the proposed TO strategy into the original SCA to enhance the algorithm’s global exploration capability and expedite convergence
the introduction of the TM mechanism in the later stages of the algorithm aims to enhance its exploitation capability further
resulting in the attainment of higher-quality solutions
Through an analysis of the update strategy of the original SCA
it is observed that the position updates of SCA individuals are solely guided by the current best solution
potentially impeding the exploration behavior of the TO strategy and causing the algorithm to converge to a local optimum
(2.1) to bolster the algorithm’s exploration capability
the first generation \(\:{X}_{sort}\) is obtained by sorting the initial population \(\:X\)
the \(\:t\)-th generation population \(\:X\) undergoes SCA update strategies
and \(\:X\)2 are combined using a greedy selection strategy to form a new population \(\:\text{X}\_new\)
which is used as the next generation population (\(\:{X}^{t+1}\))
The populations \(\:{X}^{t+1}\) and \(\:X\_sort\)
combined using a greedy selection strategy
form a new population as the next generation (\(\:{X\_sort}^{t+1}\))
The overall framework of TTOSCA integrates all the strategies mentioned above. The pseudocode for the entire framework is shown in Algorithm 3. The flowchart of the TTOSCA algorithm is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Several steps primarily determine the time complexity of TTOSCA: population initialization
Since fitness evaluation depends on the specific optimization problem
we will focus on analyzing the time complexity of the other five parts
and the maximum number of iterations is \(\:T\)
then the time complexity of population initialization is \(\:O(N\times\:D\))
sorting is \(\:O(N\times\:logN\times\:T\))
and the complexity of position updates with SCA strategy and TO strategy is both \(\:O(N\times\:D\times\:T\))
The time complexity of the TM update strategy is \(\:O(N\times\:T/2\))
the overall time complexity of TTOSCA is as follows: \(\:O\left(\text{T}\text{T}\text{O}\text{S}\text{C}\text{A}\right)\)=\(\:O(N\))+(\(\:O(N\times\:\text{log}N\times\:T\))+\(\:O(2\times\:N\times\:D\times\:T\))+\(\:O(N\times\:\frac{T}{2}\))=\(\:O(N\times\:(1+\text{T}\times\:(2\times\:D+logN+\frac{1}{2})\))
In the feature selection experiments based on TTOSCA
and an individual \(\:x=({x}_{1},{x}_{2},\:\ldots,\:{x}_{N})\) represents a feature subset
it indicates that the \(\:i\)-th feature is selected; if \(\:{x}_{i}=0\)
\(\:x\) = (1,1,0,0,1) indicates that the 1st
while the 3rd and 4th features are not selected
the update formula for BTTOSCA is as follows:
where \(\:{X}_{i,j}^{t+1}\) represents the value of the j-th dimension of the i-th individual in the population in the discrete space
rand denotes a random number in the range [0,1]
\(\:T\left({X}_{i,j}^{t}\right)\) represents the transformation of the value of \(\:{X}_{i,j}^{t}\) in the continuous motion space to a value between [0,1]
This method achieves the discretization of the continuous space
The objective function of this paper is set as follows:
where \(\:E\) represents the classification error rate
\(\:\left|N\right|\) denotes the original number of features
\(\:n\) represents the number of selected features
and \(\:\alpha\:\) and \(\:\beta\:\) respectively represent the weights of machine learning classification error rate and the number of features
\(\:\alpha\:=0.95\) and \(\:\beta\:=0.05\)
This paper chooses the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) for data classification
KNN is one of the most widely used machine learning algorithms
and it is applied to classification and regression tasks
KNN requires setting a predefined number of nearest neighbors (in this paper
the algorithm calculates the distance between this point and all training instances using a distance metric (such as Euclidean distance
the Manhattan distance is used with the following formula:
where \(\:x\) represents a sample in the training set and y represents a sample in the test set
\(\:N\) represents the dimension of the sample
This section undertook extensive experiments to investigate the performance of TTOSCA. Leveraging the 29 benchmark test functions from IEEE CEC2017 competition functions(excluding F2 due to its unstable nature39)
TTOSCA was systematically compared against a pool of 27 algorithms
all experiments were executed on a Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter operating system with 128 GB of memory and an Intel (R) Xeon (R) 6246R (3.40 GHz) CPU
every algorithm underwent testing under identical conditions
with a fixed population size of 30 and a uniform maximum evaluation count (\(\:Max\_Fes\)) of 300,000
Each algorithm underwent 30 repetitions of testing on the benchmark functions to mitigate algorithm-specific biases
numerical results were meticulously selected based on the average (Avg) and standard deviation (Std) of the optimal function values
Avg served as a metric for evaluating the global search capability and quality assessment of the algorithms
the best result for each problem was highlighted in bold
specifically the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at a significance level of 0.05
were employed to ascertain the statistical significance of improvements
The symbols ' + / = / ' were used to denote whether the proposed method outperformed
or underperformed compared to other benchmarked algorithms
The performance evaluation of TTOSCA utilized the benchmark functions from the IEEE CEC 2017 competition. Descriptions of these 29 benchmark functions are provided in Table 1
These functions are widely acknowledged for evaluating the comprehensive capabilities of algorithms
and expansions and represent some of the most complex mathematical optimization problems proposed in the literature
A Friedman test evaluated the average performance of all compared algorithms
providing average rank values among these comparisons
we analyzed the diversity and balance of TTOSCA and SCA
We tested them on the IEEE CEC2017 competition benchmark functions and selected representative functions for analysis
we ensured that other parameters such as dimensions
and number of iterations were kept constant
Figure 2 provides a comprehensive visualization of the feasibility analysis results of TTOSCA on the CEC2017 competition benchmark functions
the first column (a) displays the 3D images of the test functions
while the second column (b) presents the historical search trajectory of TTOSCA in two-dimensional space
The third column (c) reveals the variation trajectory of the main search agents
and the fourth column (d) displays the average fitness monitored by TTOSCA throughout the entire iteration process
we can see that individual trajectories exhibit significant fluctuations in the first half of the search regardless of whether it is an unimodal or multimodal function
This is attributed to the stable exploration behavior of TTOSCA
The pronounced fluctuations in individual trajectories indicate TTOSCA’s capability to explore the majority of the search space
In the context of our analysis of the diversity and balance of TTOSCA and SCA
we conducted tests using the IEEE CEC2017 competition benchmark functions and selected representative functions for scrutiny
and F23 and F26 represent hybrid functions
were kept constant to maintain consistency
Figure 2 offers a detailed depiction of the feasibility analysis results of TTOSCA on the IEEE CEC2017 competition benchmark functions
the first column (a) showcases the 3D visualizations of the test functions
while the second column (b) illustrates the historical search trajectories of TTOSCA in two-dimensional space
The third column (c) presents the variation trajectories of the primary search agents
and the fourth column (d) depicts the average fitness monitored by TTOSCA throughout the iteration process
Notably, in Fig. 2(d)
the rapid decrease in average fitness during the early stages of the search signifies TTOSCA’s rapid convergence capability
the initial lack of distinctiveness in the average fitness is attributed to TTOSCA’s population undergoing greedy selection in each generation
In Fig. 3(d)
three curves are presented: the exploration
The incremental-decremental curve trends upward when the algorithm’s global exploration capability surpasses its local exploitation capability
it trends downward when the global search and local development tendencies align
reaching their maximum when they are equal
suggesting its ability to swiftly identify potential optimal solution spaces
and conduct more meticulous searches for higher-quality solutions
Moreover, Fig. 3(c) demonstrates the diversity curves for TTOSCA and SCA, indicating a faster decrease in diversity for TTOSCA compared to SCA, highlighting TTOSCA’s faster convergence rate.
In conclusion, the introduction of TM and TO strategies in TTOSCA significantly improves its balance, enhancing its convergence speed and search accuracy compared to the original SCA.
(a) 3D distribution of test functions, (b) 2D position distribution of the TTOSCA, (c) TTOSCA trajectories in the first dimension, (d) average fitness of the TTOSCA.
“1” indicates the combination of SCA with the respective mechanism
while “0” denotes the absence of a combined mechanism
Table 3 shows that TTOSCA
indicating a significant enhancement brought by the TO strategy to the SCA algorithm
TTOSCA outperforms TOSCA in 9 out of 29 benchmark functions
suggesting the necessity of embedding the TM mechanism
Moreover, from functions F12, F15, and F18, it is noticeable that beyond 150,000 evaluations, TTOSCA continues to decrease in fitness compared to TOSCA. This can be attributed to the late-stage embedding of the TM mechanism in the algorithm, facilitating more thorough exploration. This highlights the reinforcing effect of the TM mechanism in the later stages, aiding in escaping local optima.
Convergence curves for SCA variants with different combinations of strategies
Table 5 presents the average and standard deviation of the optimal values achieved by TTOSCA and other well-known classical MAs on the IEEE CEC2017 competition benchmark functions
the table provides the average rank values determined by the Friedman test
The results of the Friedman test indicate that TTOSCA performs the best
This highlights the significant performance improvement of TTOSCA over SCA
Comparing TTOSCA with classical MAs such as DE and PSO
TTOSCA surpasses them on 22 and 25 functions
This demonstrates that TTOSCA outperforms these classical algorithms across many functions
Table 6 presents the p-values obtained from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test
the p-values for comparisons between TTOSCA and WOA
and FA are all significantly less than 0.05
This suggests that TTOSCA significantly outperforms these comparison algorithms
most p-values are less than 0.05 across most test functions
indicating the statistically significant optimization effect of TTOSCA
Convergence curves of TTOSCA compared with classical MAs
all of which have been previously proposed and shown promising results in their original papers
TTOSCA achieves the minimum optimization results on F1-F8
This indicates that TTOSCA demonstrates strong competitiveness across various types of functions
SCADE achieves the minimum optimization value on F24-F26
highlighting its advantage on composite functions
While TTOSCA may not perform as strongly as SCADE on these specific problems
its overall performance meets expectations
The top ranking of TTOSCA among these SCA variants can be attributed to the TO mechanism
which effectively combines individuals with large fitness differences in the population and guides the population towards potential optimal positions through greedy selection strategies
significantly improving the evolutionary efficiency and path of the population
The late-stage embedding of the TM mechanism further enhances the population’s quality
Additionally, Table 8 presents the results of the Wilcoxon test for comparing TTOSCA with other GWO variants
and OBSCA demonstrate p-values less than 0.05 across all 29 test functions
indicating that TTOSCA’s performance is more reliable than these algorithms
have p-values greater than 0.05 on specific test functions
TTOSCA generally outperforms other SCA variants in terms of global optimization performance
Overall, the comprehensive analysis presented in this section highlights the superior performance and robustness of the TTOSCA algorithm compared to various SCA variants and other optimization algorithms.
Convergence curves of TTOSCA compared with SCA variants
Table 9 illustrates that TTOSCA ranks first with an average Friedman test result of 3.4828
its performance surpasses CLPSO on 19 out of the tested functions
TTOSCA consistently achieves smaller optimization values compared to other advanced algorithms
highlighting its strong global search capability
Although TTOSCA’s performance on single-peak functions F1 and F3 is not as competitive as IMFO and CEBA
it demonstrates stability on function F4 with a smaller standard deviation compared to CEBA
TTOSCA may not reach the minimum optimization value
but its final results are still within an acceptable range compared to the optimal values of other algorithms
TTOSCA’s performance may not match that of RDWOA and CEBA
showcasing the superiority of RDWOA and CEBA in handling composite functions
thereby indirectly validating the “no free lunch” theorem – no single optimizer excels in all scenarios
TTOSCA exhibits robust competitiveness among various advanced evolutionary algorithms when facing complex test functions
owing to its TO mechanism guiding population exploration towards promising directions and the TM mechanism facilitating more effective population exploitation
The experimental results demonstrate the successful improvement of the algorithm through the TO and TM mechanisms
Convergence curves of TTOSCA compared with advanced MAs
To assess the effectiveness of the TTOSCA algorithm in addressing feature selection problems, we extracted 17 datasets from the UCI database. These datasets include 5 medical datasets and 12 high-dimensional gene datasets, as outlined in Table 11
We evaluated the model’s performance using four metrics: average fitness
Average fitness: This is the mean fitness value obtained from K runs of a classification method on its respective test set
where \(\:K\) represents the number of runs
and \(\:fitness\left(i\right)\) denotes the fitness value obtained from the \(\:i\--\)th run
Average classification error rate: This is the average error rate across \(\:K\) runs of a classification method solution
and \(\:Accuracy\)(\(\:i\)) represents the classification accuracy for the \(\:i\--\)th run
Average number of features: This is the mean number of features selected by a classification method across \(\:K\) runs of the solution
and \(\:Size\left(i\right)\) indicates the number of features selected in the \(\:i\--\)th run
Average run-time: This represents the average run-time of a classification method per test sample
where \(\:K\) signifies the total number of runs
and \(\:Runtime\left(i\right)\) denotes the time consumed in the \(\:i\--\)th run
Table 13 compares the fitness values achieved by BTTOSCA with those of seven other binary optimization algorithms
which combines the classification error rate and the number of selected features
serves as a metric for the accuracy of the model classification and the quantity of features chosen
outperforming other comparative algorithms on 88.23% of the datasets
Although BTTOSCA did not achieve the minimum fitness value on the Lung_Cancer and Tumors_9 datasets
the discrepancy in fitness value is minimal
This highlights that TTOSCA excels in finding the optimal feature subset with fewer features while maintaining classifier accuracy compared to other optimization algorithms
This is attributed to the introduction of the TO strategy in TTOSCA
which effectively balances the exploration and exploitation tendencies
while the TM mechanism further enhances the algorithm’s capability to exploit
resulting in the discovery of higher-quality feature subsets
Table 14 displays the average classification error rates BTTOSCA and other comparative algorithms achieved
BTTOSCA and BDFSMA achieved zero error rates on as many as 11 datasets
demonstrating robust search capabilities in discrete spaces for both algorithms
While TTOSCA’s optimization performance on the Lung_Cancer dataset may not match that of BDFSMA
it consistently outperformed BDFSMA in terms of classification error rates on the Breast
BTTOSCA emerged as the top performer across all algorithms
Table 15 compares the average number of features obtained by BTTOSCA and other comparative algorithms
BTTOSCA consistently achieved the lowest number of features across all datasets
This underscores BTTOSCA’s exceptional exploratory prowess
demonstrating its ability to identify the minimum number of feature subsets while ensuring classification accuracy
regardless of the dimensionality of the discrete space
Table 16 illustrates the average time consumption of BTTOSCA compared to other algorithms
BTTOSCA exhibits higher time costs compared to alternative algorithms
This can be attributed to utilizing a greedy selection strategy and evaluating subpopulations within the TO strategy
both of which demand significant time resources
the feature subsets identified by BTTOSCA yield superior classification results when applied with the KNN classifier
the time consumption remains within acceptable limits for our intended purposes
Convergence curves of BTTOSCA with other binary algorithms on nine datasets.
Convergence curves of BTTOSCA with other binary algorithms on eight datasets
This paper introduces a novel variant of SCA named TTOSCA
which significantly enhances the performance of the SCA optimizer
to mitigate issues like slow convergence speed and inadequate balance between exploration and exploitation in the original SCA
This strategy improves the algorithm’s convergence speed by dividing the population into three subpopulations based on fitness
effectively leveraging information from diverse individuals to guide the population toward promising directions
a TM mechanism is incorporated in the later stages of the algorithm to further enhance its exploitation capability
alongside adjustments to the update formula of the original SCA algorithm
TTOSCA demonstrates robust optimization capabilities in both continuous and high-dimensional discrete spaces
Comparative experiments on IEEE CEC2017 benchmark functions against 10 classic MAs
and 9 advanced improvement MAs confirm that TTOSCA excels
proves effective in high-dimensional discrete spaces
successfully reducing high-dimensional datasets to a few hundred features while maintaining low error rates
TTOSCA may face challenges with time-consuming fitness evaluations in certain optimization problems
Although its execution time in feature selection experiments was 2–3 times longer than other methods
Future work will focus on refining TTOSCA to reduce time complexity and improve efficiency
potentially leveraging parallel computing and surrogate models for further enhancements
TTOSCA will also be applied to various scenarios
machine learning hyperparameter optimization
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
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Chen, H., Heidari, A. A., Zhao, X., Zhang, L. & Chen, H. Advanced orthogonal learning-driven multi-swarm sine cosine optimization: framework and case studies. Expert Syst. Appl. Article 144, Apr 15 2020, Art 113113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.113113
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Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering
Author1: Jiacong LiuContributions: Writing – Original Draft
Author 2: Chunguang BiContributions: Conceptualization
Supervision.Author 3: Huiling ChenContributions: Conceptualization
Supervision.Author 4: Ali Asghar HeidariContributions: Writing – Original Draft
Investigation.Author 5: He ChenContributions: Writing – Original Draft
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Start Campus this month announced the award of additional power by REN
to its flagship data center campus project known as SINES DC
The additional power expansion brings the total IT capacity secured for the SINES DC site to a walloping 1.2 GW -- which will make Start Campus proprietor of the largest colocation site in Europe with fully secured grid power
The project's phased development enables Start Campus' continued support of the development of the Sines region while contributing to renewable energy developments in Portugal
The new power allocation follows a commitment by REN to make significant investments to extend and develop the utility transmission network in the high-demand area of Sines.
Employing seawater cooling technology to minimize environmental impact and improve efficiency
Start Campus contends the SINES DC site embodies new industry standards for sustainability
providing for a bracing PUE [Power Usage Effectiveness] rating of 1.1
and a commitment to 100% renewable energy usage and net zero status by 2030
“Securing this additional grid capacity marks a significant milestone for Start Campus," said Rob Dunn
I am proud to deliver a solution that sustainably meets the evolving needs of our customers.”
Start Campus says SINES DC already has land secured for the full campus
and provides "maximum optionality" for customers via powered shell
turn-key and build-to-suit data center options
The campus will consist of six buildings (SIN01-06)
with the first facility nearing completion and expected to be operational by Q4 2024
Subsequent data centers will be constructed sequentially
with full campus operation anticipated by 2030.
the site's first building with an initially proposed 14 MW of IT capacity
In direct response to the requirements of its customers and through the use of liquid cooling technologies
Start Campus reports this flagship data center's capacity is now being expanded to 26 MW
each subsequent building on the campus will support up to 240 MW of IT capacity
All buildings are expected to be operational by 2030.
The economic and technological impacts of the project are not small
the SINES DC project is projected to deliver a €1.2 billion annual boost to the Portuguese economy
equivalent to 0.4% of the country’s GDP
This influx of prosperity will solidify Portugal’s position as a cornerstone in the global energy transition
SINES DC is ideally positioned as a global connectivity hub able capitalize on Portugal’s unique geographical advantage
ensuring connectivity through strategic subsea and terrestrial data networks (strategic in facing the Atlantic Ocean
and by not intersecting with either the areas of Red Sea or Russia
where submarine fiber-optic cables now face an ongoing threat from acts of war and terrorism).
the project has already created 700 construction jobs and is expected to support approximately 9,000 jobs upon completion
Start Campus also emphasizes that its substantial investment in the project
indicative of a robust and self-sustaining business model
the new announcement from Portugal's Start Campus seems to represent either a "fresh start" or a happy ending for the SINES DC project.
Previous executives from Start Campus resigned last year under a far-reaching bribery and corruption probe by the Portuguese government focused on the project. That investigation led to the arrest and resignation of two data center executives
and the resignation of Portugal’s prime minister.
Afonso Salema had been CEO and Rui Oliveira Neves had been chief legal and sustainability officers of Start Campus
Both were among five arrested on charges related to corruption and bribery
a judge dropped corruption charges against all who had been arrested
but not before the two data center executives resigned their positions.
Contiguous reporting by Reuters’ Catarina Demony indicated that the corruption probe was focused not just on the SINES DC project
but also involved lithium mining and green-hydrogen production stakes
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A B2B technology journalist and editor with more than two decades of experience
Matt Vincent is Editor in Chief of Data Center Frontier
went to be with our Lord and Savior on Tuesday
she was preceded in death by a sister Ruthann Marks and her brother
She was a 1967 graduate of Roseville high School where she always reminded her children that she once won the “Betty Crocker-Homemaker of the year award”
thus beginning her life-long passion for helping others
In 1988 she was the very first home hospice nurse in Zanesville at the Good Samaritan Hospital
She finished her nursing career being a home health RN where she lived by the creed that “nobody should die alone”
Alice enjoyed spending her time with her friends at the Zanesville American Legion post
watching Big Brother and finding ways to volunteer and serve others
great-grandchildren and all the foster children that she raised over the years
A celebration of life will take place later at the American legion post in Zanesville
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SYNTH ANATOMY uses affiliation & partner programs (big red buttons) to finance a part of the activity
open-source Yamaha-style TX81Z MPE FM Synthesizer plugin for macOS
Version 1.1.0 is ready to download from GitHub that adds new features and improvements.
Some of the highlights of this update are a new Six Sines
Seven Outs plugin version with individual operator outputs
new window-style waveforms for AM/RM modeling sounds, unison with control
BaconBaul also added TZLinear FM and Exponential FM as modulation modes for the mod matrix
in addition to PM and RM; add scaling (abs
These make the FM engine even more capable.
There are also plenty of improvements. For example, the new Sine Sines 1.1.0 update ships with a new light mode skin, GUI rescaling (75-150%), and new patches by Videco and SiL3NC3. You can find the full changelog here with all new features and improvements
An excellent free update for the Six Sines open-source MPE FM Synthesizer
when Behringer announced the BX-1 at NAMM 2025
FM synthesis returned as a big topic in the Synthesizer community
interest in this “too complicated to program” synthesis has been waning for several years
especially with the release of the Korg opsix and others
The fact that there is now another open-source FM Synthesizer plugin fits perfectly into the topic
a new free MPE-compatible 64-voice FM Synthesizer plugin
It’s open-source and runs on all major platforms
Sine Sines is a 6-operator FM Synthesizer plugin with a classic structure
you have direct access to the operators’ ratios
and swish and the original TX waveforms from the Yamaha TX81Z Synthesizer
BaconPaul Six Sines hosts a classic FM operator matrix
an operator mixer with individual operator pannings
The last third of the UI explores the depth of each operator
and a modulation matrix with various sources and destinations
it hosts a macro section that offers each operator a macro control
BaconPaul ships the plugin with plenty of factory presets
It is worth mentioning that the developer is constantly updating the plugin
Six Sines is a great-sounding cross-platform free FM Synthesizer
The built-in presets show nicely what is possible
BaconPaul Six Sines is a free download and runs as a standalone app and a CLAP
and VST3 plugin on macOS (native Apple Silicon + Intel)
More information here: GitHub
Free Plugin News
Plugin News
Free Synthesizer Plugins
pitch shifting delays meet shimmer reverb plugin
Native Instruments Kontrol S-series MK3: firmware 1.9.4 adds standalone arpeggiator
OctaSine is a new free, open-source FM Synthesizer plugin for macOS, Windows, and Linux that is inspired by the NI FM8 & Elektron Monomachine. Free, free, free. There have never been so many high-quality free […]
Look for a version 1.1 sometime in late Feb early Mar
l’ho aggiornato al ultima versione; e non trovo più i preset
I’m not the developer no the support line for it 😉 For all these things please contact the developer
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The CALB automotive lithium battery plant project
involving an investment of around €2 billion and the creation of 1,800 direct jobs
either observed and verified directly by the reporter
or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources
[CFOTO/Future Publishing via Getty Images]
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The European Investment Bank (EIB) has approved a loan of €430 million for Galp’s Sines Refinery projects
The funding aims to support the decarbonization of heavy-duty road transport and aviation
Galp is developing a Biofuels unit in collaboration with Japan’s Mitsui
The project involves a total investment of €400 million
The Biofuels unit will convert vegetable oils and residual fats into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and renewable diesel
The unit is projected to begin production in 2026
It will have the capacity to produce up to 270,000 tons of renewable fuels annually
This output will help Portugal meet the European Union’s aviation fuel mandates
SAF is critical for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in air transport
which accounts for approximately 3% of global emissions
Galp is also constructing a 100MW electrolyser at the same location
This project involves a €250 million investment
The electrolyser is expected to produce up to 15,000 tons of green hydrogen each year
It aims to become one of the first operational units of its size in Europe
commented on the importance of financing and innovation for sustainable energy transition
He highlighted the role of advanced biofuels and green hydrogen in promoting energy independence in Europe
emphasized the need for collaboration among energy companies and governments
He stated that more support is necessary to maintain Portugal’s relevance in a changing global landscape
The projects align with the European Green Deal’s goal of climate neutrality by 2050
They also contribute to the EU’s energy independence as outlined in the REPowerEU plan
Both projects benefit from €22.5 million in Recovery and Resilience Plan incentives
Please note: World Bio Market Insights is owned and operated by World Bio Markets Ltd
Six Sines is an awesome open-source FM synth by BaconPaul – one of the developers of the Surge synthesizer
This week’s collection of free plugins also features a recreation of a classic Boss reverb unit and a fun instrument based on children’s toys
You are currently viewing a placeholder content from YouTube
Please note that doing so will share data with third-party providers
BaconPaul is best known for his work on Surge XT
As a side project to get him started in 2025
a free FM synth inspired by the famous Yamaha TX81Z (the Lately Bass synth!)
the six operators can produce a variety of other waveforms in addition to sine waves
most notably the original waveforms from the TX81Z
Each operator can output audio or modulate itself or subsequent operators
You can choose between phase modulation and digital ring modulation / AM
There’s a clearly laid-out matrix for setting up inter-operator modulation
and each node even gets its own envelope and LFO
just listen to this awesome demo track by Kinsey Dulcet:
You are currently viewing a placeholder content from SoundCloud
Six Sines also includes six macros for modulating several parameters at once
and you can also map external MIDI modulators (including MPE) to any parameter
Six Sines doesn’t provide the same kind of immediacy you’d expect from a subtractive-style synth
it’s capable of some very cool and classic FM sounds
and CLAP formats and as a standalone app
Following up on RdPiano
developer giulioz is back with another open-source project inspired by a bunch of classics from the 80s
Once completed, smol-rack will include emulations of the Boss Micro Rack series effects
The plugin emulates the Boss reverb unit of the same name
he used an emulation of the original HG61H20R36F chip to precisely reproduce the sound of the original
the RRV-10 plugin gives you a choice of nine modes: two rooms
and a gated mode – indispensable for those 80s vibes
You can adjust the decay time and apply some pre-reverb EQ for sound shaping
The developer is also working on emulations of the RCE-10 Chorus/Ensemble
RRV-10 is currently available for macOS and Windows in VST and AU formats
Cradle has added another instrument to the free State Machine series
State Machine Playtime is a sample-based instrument based on children’s musical toys
But as it also includes extensive tone shaping tools
it can deliver a wide range of sounds far beyond child’s play
State Machine Playtime lets you layer and blend two samples from the library
Each layer gets a complete synth engine with a filter
There’s also a good selection of audio FX for sound shaping (EQ
as well as scale and chord modes and an arpeggiator
State Machine Playtime is available for macOS and Windows in VST3
Looking for more free plugins like Six Sines, RRV-10, and State Machine Playtime? Check out our archive!
Can someone post an easy to find download link for the PC .exe file of Six Sines
The GitHub website makes it impossible to find the download link
Spencer, there’s a link on the right-hand side of the GitHub page called ‘Releases’ (https://github.com/baconpaul/six-sines/releases/tag/v1.0.4)
There’s a .zip for Windows in there
The GitHub UI doesn’t make it obvious – and almost everyone who puts things on GitHub expects everyone to know how GitHub works
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Instruo Seashell: Semi-Modular Desktop Synth with Total Recall
A complex oscillator alone goes for around 500-600 so for all the added features that's a fair price
Instruo is on the high end of the modular ..
Instruo Seashell: Semi-Modular Desktop Synth with Total Recall
but that’s way too expensive (and I usually defend smaller manufacturers’ prices)
Polyend Synth Update 1.3 Brings Crazy Sample-Based Engine, More
05 May · How does this even matter when they will abandon this as well and simply move to the next half baked “project” product
That is what they have done with every release
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is the last day of this year’s Georgia General Assembly
The session’s last day is called “Sine Die,” which is legalese for “indefinitely and Latin for “without day.” Its proper pronunciation is either “sahy-nee dahy-ee” or “sin-ey dee-ey,” at least according to Dictionary.com
Sine Die is a Latin phrase composed of the preposition sine “without” (sine governs the ablative case) and diē
the ablative singular of the noun diēs “day.” Sine die entered the English language in the 17th century
In politics, according to Political Dictionary
the word is used to signify the end of a legislative session without a specific date being set for the next session
Georgia lawmakers pronounce Sine Die as “sign-ee dye,” which could be a derivative of “sign or die,” meaning bills that aren’t approved on the legislature’s final day is “either signed or they die.”
Regardless of how it’s pronounced, Sine Die is among the legislature’s most important days, the others being when the session is actually convened and Crossover Day
which is the deadline for a bill to pass one of the two legislative chambers
Atlanta News First and Atlanta News First+ provide you with the latest news, headlines and insights as Georgia continues its role at the forefront of the nation’s political scene. Download our Atlanta News First app for the latest political news and information
at PrestonMemorial Hospital in Kingwood.He was born in Morgantown
a son of Dakota Sines of Arthurdale and Tavien Hovatter of Masontown.Lane
left us too soon but will always be remembered for his infectious smile
boundless energy (like a sugary sweet tornado)
being the best big brother and love for wrestling and football
Not only was he the best big brother to Rhett and Clare but he was also their mentor
Lane took great pride in being “The man of the house”
He was the longest standing member to date of the Preston Mat Club in Kingwood
Lane worked hard and excelled not only in sports but also as a member of the Preston Youth Livestock Association and the Lennox Loyal Workers 4-H Club
He enjoyed being outside and loved to ride his dirt bike
He demonstrated a deep and unwavering faith
Lane always gave his all to anything he was involved in.Though his time with us was far too short
Lane’s legacy lives on through the lessons he taught us all: the importance of being kind
Lane was always able to make you laugh no matter where you were
and you never knew what he was going to say or do next
and his memory will forever warm the hearts of his family and friends.In addition to his parents
Kelly and Grant Plum of Albright; paternal grandparents
Dave and Shawn Sines of Arthurdale; uncles
Glen Plum and wife Sam and Cameron Sines; aunt
Linda Hovatter and Jack and Marty Plum; many great aunts
and cousins whom he was close to; and his best friends
Ben and Aaliyah Strahin.Lane was preceded in death by his great-grandfathers
and Clyde “Pa” (Jody) Fazenbaker; great- grandmother
Josephine Fazenbaker; great-great- grandmothers
Nellie Taylor and Ida Hovatter; great-great-uncles
Steve Hovatter and Junior Plum; and his cousin
Ricky Nelson Jr.Friends may call from 11 a.m
2025 the time of service with Pastor Mike Charlton officiating
Entombment will follow at the Sunset Memorial Garden Mausoleum.Condolences may be extended online to the family at www.fieldfuneralhome.com
Internet exchange operator DE-CIX is now offering its interconnection and cloud services in Sines
The IX will be hosted at Start Campus’ Sines DC facility outside Lisbon
Start Campus’ Sines DC recently secured additional power
The remaining five buildings are expected to all be operational by 2030
The new Point of Presence (PoP) at the carrier-neutral facility will support the digitization of local companies by providing access to interconnection and cloud connectivity
“Welcoming DE-CIX to our Sines DC is a significant milestone and testimony of the growing importance of Sines as a connectivity hub,” said Robert Dunn
“Now customers will be able to have access to the world’s leading neutral Internet exchange operator and largest interconnection ecosystem at our premises
and global data is routed more efficiently.”
regional director of southern Europe at DE-CIX
added: “Sines is poised to become a crucial hub for multiple subsea systems interconnecting and serving Southern Europe
with enhanced reach to Africa and other European markets
Expanding our Southern European footprint to Sines enhances connectivity for Portugal and beyond.”
DE-CIX offers a carrier-neutral interconnection platform for international networks, hosted in various colocation facilities. It does not own any data centers of its own, but locates its platform with providers such as Kio Data Centers in Mexico
Last year
the IX operator formed a joint venture with PT IDMarco Digital Solusis to expand its presence to Jakarta
Located on the southwestern edge of Europe
Sines is currently home to the EllaLink cable and landing station
and Olisipo cables set to land in the next two years
and Tata Communications all have a presence in the wider Lisbon area
Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD), 32-38 Saffron Hill, London, EC1N 8FH Email. [email protected]DCD is a subsidiary of InfraXmedia
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The Sine Institute’s innovative “Reimagining Political Leadership: The Outlook of Young Americans” poll reveals new insight into the attributes that young Americans ages 18-34 look for in their political leaders
as well as other topics related to voting and other forms of civic engagement
This is the third annual Sine Institute survey focused on understanding young Americans’ unique perspectives on political leadership and engagement
The study employed innovative methodologies
including testing messages that were focused on different leadership traits and that were delivered via audio clips with an AI-generated voice
Those results and other survey responses pointed to a combination of four winning leadership traits
with more than four in ten respondents considering messages that spoke to “Integrity,” “Authenticity,” “Inclusivity,” and “Compassion” as “very appealing in a leader.”
This research was an investment in understanding what it is that young Americans look for in political leaders
their levels of optimism about their own lives and the future of the country
their levels of involvement in causes they care about
The data is important information for those running for elected office
and shaping institutions that closely intersect with young Americans’ lives
The Sine Institute’s research uncovers unique insight into the minds of young people today - and what leaders need to know - in order to connect with young Americans and support today’s youth in turning their dreams into reality
The survey was designed by the Sine Institute in partnership with Future Caucus and Close Up Foundation and was based on interviews conducted by Generation Lab
a data intelligence company that gathers and interprets the views and behavior of young adults
An advisory group of 10 AU graduate and undergraduate students from across the university helped to design the poll
and provide feedback on the survey methodology and results
Read PDF
This is the third annual Sine Institute survey focused on understanding young Americans' (ages 18-34) perspectives on politics
Read PDF
Read PDF
Read PDF
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A core aim of this project is to move beyond simply diagnosing and reinforcing the frustration that young Americans feel about our current political leadership
The groundwork for a new model begins with some fundamentals
Read PDF
Read PDF
The survey explored different ways that candidates and political leaders can establish connections with young Americans and demonstrate their commitment to them
Read PDF
Read PDF
Background on Reimagining Political Leadership: The Outlook of Young Americans
Read PDF
Read Toplines
please contact the Sine Institute at sineinstitute@american.edu
See Toolkit
The Sine Institute worked with Hattaway Communications on a helpful toolkit based on our survey to help elected officials
candidates for office and others connect with young Americans
civic education organization that believes a strong democracy requires active
Close Up seeks to serve young people from all communities and all backgrounds
we have partnered with schools nationwide to serve more than one million students and educators through experiential programs in our nation’s capital and in local communities
nonpartisan curriculum gives participants a deeper understanding of history
The Future Caucus is an organization dedicated to renewing American democracy
In collaboration with dozens of Millennial leaders across the country
and with the generous support of visionary philanthropists
the Future Caucus was formed and officially launched in 2013
The Future Caucus works directly with our nation’s leading young policymakers on both a national and state level to bridge the partisan divide and lead a new era of collaborative governance
nonpartisan nonprofit dedicated to activating millennial and Gen Z policymakers
Future Caucus gives our nation’s young leaders the resources and support to develop and pass innovative policy solutions — and forge productive partnerships on the issues affecting the youngest generations of Americans
The Sine Institute's new poll of young Americans ages 18-34 unveils new perspectives on Gen Z attitudes towards leadership
Check out this engaging video of poll reactions from the group of 10 graduate and undergraduate students who formed the 2024 Sine Institute Poll Advisory Committee