A team from the Brody School of Medicine’s Internal Medicine Residency Program won first place and the Osler Cup in the American College of Physicians Doctor’s Dilemma competition ECU internal medicine residents (from right) Alex Bradu won the American College of Physicians Doctor’s Dilemma competition Coached by Dr. Lacy Hobgood, clinical associate professor in East Carolina University’s Department of Pediatrics the team competed for three days against some of the world’s brightest medical residents Omar Khdeir and Swethaa Manickam earned the right to compete at the national level by first winning the North Carolina chapter’s competition Past winners of the ACP Doctor’s Dilemma competition include the India chapter Northwestern University and the Mayo Clinic Khdeir said Doctor’s Dilemma is the biggest competition based on knowledge of internal medicine featuring as many as 60 teams each year in a friendly but highly competitive environment The format is similar to the television show “Jeopardy,” with each game consisting of a set of questions teams must buzz in to answer and a final round in which they must wager their points before seeing the question “We wagered all of our collected points in the final dilemma and got the question right,” Khdeir said we took turns calling our parents on speakerphone Seeing our parents and siblings proud and happy was the biggest award.” associate dean for graduate medical education said the team’s performance on the national stage reflects the quality of medical education at Brody and also helps enhance its reputation “They competed against the best residents from around the world in a test of medical knowledge and speed and emerged as the winning team,” Garrison said. “In addition to demonstrating the type of great physician trainees we have at the Brody School of Medicine and ECU Health this win provides us a huge recruiting advantage as other schools will take notice and want to send their best medical students our way The Internal Medicine Residency Program is an integral part of the Brody School of Medicine and the ECU Health Medical Center The Department of Internal Medicine includes nine subspecialty divisions and serves the Greenville and Pitt County area as well as 29 surrounding counties The Diocese of Spain and Portugal announced in a statement published on the diocesan website that an essential phase of the painting work has recently been completed at the Romanian Orthodox Cathedral in Madrid the team coordinated by Archdeacon Nicolae Bradu Balan has completed over 430 of the 2,000 square meters of frescoes The announcement was made last Sunday to the faithful at the Divine Liturgy celebrated in the Madrid Cathedral presented the status of the works: the left lateral apse of the church and the rooms in the northern and southern areas of the nave have been painted the Descent from the Cross of the Lord Jesus Christ is depicted towards the eastern side and the Crucifixion of the Lord towards the western side The Resurrection is painted in the conch of the apse The icon of the Holy Prophet Isaiah and the scenes of Christ washing the disciples’ feet and the Annunciation are painted in the lower registers the Saviour Jesus Christ—the Great High Priest—is represented there are flying choirs of cherubim and seraphim scenes from the Old Testament related to the theme of sacrifice and other saints the Virgin Mary with the Child is depicted scenes from the life of the Holy Prophet Elijah and other holy deacons and priests The dome of the north lateral nave represents the Apostle Paul with scenes from his life while the south lateral nave is dedicated to representations of the Holy Apostle Peter was financed by the Department for Romanians Abroad through a project to preserve and develop Romanian national identity in a European context The project partners are the Romanian Orthodox Diocese of Spain and Portugal the Saint Sebastian Children’s and Youth Center Association and the Basilica Media Center of the Romanian Patriarchate The patronal feast of the Romanian Orthodox Cathedral in Madrid is “The Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple.” the Patriarchate of Jerusalem solemnly celebrated the Sunday of the Myrrh-Bearing Women... Archbishop Elpidophoros of America celebrated the Divine Liturgy at the Monastery of the Theotokos.. it was announced that two Roman Catholic institutions in Bavaria have decided to jointly.. A car once used by Pope Francis during his 2014 visit to Bethlehem is being transformed into a mobile.. the Monastery of Saint Vlash in Albania hosted a festal Divine Liturgy on the.. Archbishop Ieronymos of Athens and All Greece presided over the festal Great Vespers at the historic.. (function() { window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { listeners: [] cb) { window.mc4wp.listeners.push( { event : evt callback: cb } ); } } }})(); © 2023 OrthodoxTimes.com - All rights reserved Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website These cookies do not store any personal information Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website Subscribe to our mailing list to keep up to date with all things When The Horn Blows related We use cookies and similar technologies to run this website and help us understand how you use it Director Keenan Wetzel speaks to us about the incredibly beautiful visuals for Aisha Badru’s equally beautiful single Taken from Aisha' Badru’s album ‘Pendulum.’ ‘Splintered’ reminds me of the brooding indie folk atmospherics of Daughter and the purity and magnetism of Joni Mitchell This is a deeply moving song which simply cannot be ignored On the track Aisha Badru explains: "We often find someone else to blame Splintered encourages people to face the dark spots within us in order to find the light." Keenan Wetzel Explains:Where was the video for ‘Splintered’ film?The video was filmed at two locations in Detroit How does the video connect with the song?The video connects with the song by being a visual dance representation of "Splintered" human emotions and internal pain as well struggling with how to direct that energy The flash cuts in the film are meant to show as a society we are constantly dealing with this same type of splintering where parts of society are not taken care of or treated the way they should be Are there any behind the scenes stories you can let us in on?The cool thing about this project was that it all came from a social media interaction with Aisha and I on Instagram I messaged her saying I love her music and also happened to have a camera package over a weekend from another commercial shoot We talked about what the song meant to her and I came up with a concept that I thought represented the song well and was executable with our resources So moral of the story is don't let anyone tell you social media is always a bad thing Could you tell us about the ideas/ themes/imagery used?The theme of this film is internal splintering Meaning when wood is not treated properly it begins to splinter We have the internal pain of the dancer as well as the exterior pain of society in the 1960's At the end of the film tried to make a point of how this type of struggle and pain is deep-rooted in society is still very much prevalent and still needs to be addressed today The African Art Hub is delighted to announce its partnership with Esblank to send two talented artists to the prestigious residency program on the beautiful island of Mallorca The African Art Hub is dedicated to nurturing and promoting the diverse talents of African artists on the global stage Through its innovative programs and initiatives it aims to create opportunities for artists to thrive and express their creativity renowned for its state-of-the-art residency program situated amidst the stunning landscapes of Mallorca provides artists with an unparalleled environment for artistic exploration and development With its commitment to fostering creativity and cultural exchange Esblank offers a platform for artists to immerse themselves in their practice and engage with a supportive community of fellow creatives “We are thrilled to collaborate with Esblank to send Bradu Temitayo and James Adebayo to their esteemed residency program in Mallorca,” said Abraham Abia “This partnership aligns perfectly with our mission to provide meaningful opportunities for our artists to grow and flourish.” both accomplished artists within The African Art Hub community are poised to benefit significantly from their residency experience in Mallorca The program offers a tailored and enriching environment that will enable them to develop their artistic practice further and expand their creative horizons “We are excited to welcome Bradu Temitayo and James Adebayo to our residency program in Mallorca,” said Sara G “We believe their unique perspectives and talents will contribute immensely to the vibrant creative community we have cultivated here.” The collaboration between The African Art Hub and Esblank represents a significantopportunity for cultural exchange and collaboration within the global art community It is a testament to the commitment of both organisations to support and empower artists in their artistic journey The African Art Hub looks forward to a successful collaboration with Esblank one that not only benefits the artists it represents but also contributes to their growth and development as creators The African Art Hub (TAAH) is a UK-based art platform and agency with a mission to promote contemporary African art ensuring an enchanting journey that captivates both artists and collectors TAAH is dedicated to advocating for African artists and providing them with global exposure through collaborations with galleries and participation in prestigious art fairs Our aim is to showcase exceptional works by artists from Africa and the diaspora celebrating the transformative power of African art and embracing diverse narratives that merge tradition and innovation For more information about The African Art Hub and its initiatives, please visit taah. For more information about Esblank and its residency program, please visit esblank Art Plugged is a contemporary platform inspired by a relationship with the broader arts communities We provide our audience with curated insight into the world of art from exhibitions to artist interviews and more We strive to showcase all mediums of art from all corners of the globe so we have you covered whether you’re a casual art lover or a serious collector ORLANDO - UCF men's tennis player Catalin Bradu earned 2004 CoSIDA Academic All-District III At-Large First Team honors as announced by the College Sports Information Directors of America on Thursday Bradu compiled a 13-8 record in 21 singles matches this season and was undefeated with a 6-0 mark at No he received Atlantic Sun First-Team All-Conference honors for the second time in his career He also helped lead the Golden Knights to their second consecutive conference title and a berth in the NCAA Tournament Bradu finished his career at UCF with a 65-30 (.684) record in singles and a 57-29 (.663) record in doubles He also excelled off the court earning Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) Scholar-Athlete and A-Sun All-Academic Team recognition Nominees for CoSIDA academic honors must be at least a sophomore have completed at least one year at their school have a cumulative grade point average of 3.2 or better and make a significant contribution to their teams Bradu and the other first-team all-district honorees will be among those considered for the Academic All-America Team Metrics details This work evaluates the performance of the Complex Master Slave (CMS) method that processes the spectra at the interferometer output of a spectral domain interferometry device without involving Fourier transforms (FT) after data acquisition Reliability and performance of CMS are compared side by side with the conventional method based on FT phase calibration with dispersion compensation (PCDC) We demonstrate that both methods provide similar results in terms of resolution and sensitivity drop-off The mathematical operations required to produce CMS results are highly parallelizable simultaneous delivery of data from several points of different optical path differences in the interferometer the theoretical background of both methods followed by experimental assessment of their axial resolutions To experimentally illustrate the capabilities of the two modalities a UHR spectrometer based instrument equipped with a supercontinuum source was used correct OPD measurements are paramount to accurately produce depth resolved information They are immediately applicable to any SDI system employed for either accurate sensing of distances or for OCT reference to an A-scan should be understood in its general sense either useful for extracting sample axial structure in OCT or consisting in a single peak when measuring distance using reflection from a single mirror the information on the nonlinear dependence of the phase (φ) of the acquired signal at the interferometer’s output on the wavenumber (k) which in practice is the sampling coordinate and on the dispersion left unbalanced in the interferometer can be described by using two functions g and h respectively are related to the phase of the acquired signal via: Examples of experimental spectra and their corresponding FFTs (a) and (b): Experimental spectra collected for z1 = 150 μm and z2 = 850 μm used for calibration purposes (c): FFTs of the spectra shown in (a) and (b) As illustrated in Fig. 1(c) the FFTs of these spectra display wide peaks respectively spanning from hundreds of microns to nearly 1 mm due to the distribution of the wavenumbers along the pixels of the camera and unbalanced dispersion in the interferometer Using the spectra collected for z1 = 150 μm and z2 = 850 μm according to the procedures presented in the Methods can be computed These parameters represent the nonlinear coefficient g and unbalanced dispersion h for the PCDC and CMS respectively: gPCDC Functions g and h. (a) Function g, (b) function h. The two functions were calculated for both PCDC (red) and CMS (blue) cases, using the procedures presented in Methods (the two experimental spectra presented in Fig. 1(a,b) were used) (c) δg and δh: differences between the parameters g and respectively h measured at t = 0 and t = 5 weeks using CMS only (normalised with respect to their corresponding first pixel value) the amplitude of these variations is larger by a factor of 2–3 than for the CMS As the parameters g and h produced by the 2 methods (at a given time) do not differ too much it is expected that the axial resolutions computed just after calibration do not differ substantially The deviation from a linear dependence of the parameter g with the pixel position can in fact be used to quantify the nonlinearity of the system while the deviation of h from a constant indicates that there is a certain amount of dispersion left unbalanced in the system g should be proportional to the wavenumber An increase with pixel number discloses the geometry of the spectrometer with red edge towards the low pixel number and blue edge towards high pixel number A rotation of the grating may lead to g decreasing with pixel number Axial resolutions obtained using various pairs of spectra produced using Eqs 4 (PCDC) and 8 (CMS) The values obtained using PCDC are represented by red circles while those obtained with CMS by yellow circles The size of the circular symbols indicates the resolution obtained A first observation resulting from analysing Fig. 3 is that the choice of the two experimental spectra has some influence on the axial resolution obtained the spread of resolution values is narrower for CMS PCDC produces values of the resolution in the same range 2.3 to 2.6 μm with most of the values around 2.5–2.6 μm as in the CMS case in some cases (12.7% of the points presented here) PCDC fails to produce a good axial resolution The combination of experimental spectra producing large values of the resolution intervals seems to involve spectra recorded for large On one occasion (z1 = 50 μm and z2 = 100 μm) PCDC also provides a resolution larger than 2.6 μm As the span of the resolutions’ values does not typically exceed 0.3 μm it seems that in most of the situations the choice of the two experimental spectra used for calibration purposes is not particularly important successful compensation is achieved for the effects of nonlinearities and reading the spectra and of the unbalanced dispersion as some combinations can lead to a wavenumber distribution for which the cubic spline interpolation fails Axial resolutions produced using calibration spectra recorded over time Vertical axis: time when the calibration spectra were recorded Horizontal axis: time when resolutions were computed Each color encodes a certain axial resolution according to the colormap displayed on the right to the fluctuations in the phase of the light emitted by the supercontinuum optical source changes in the shape of spectra recorded by the linear camera the CMS method seems to be slightly more tolerant to these temporal fluctuations these random phase fluctuations seem to lead to failures of the interpolation procedure Even small differences between the parameters g and h produced by the two methods are sufficient to alter the axial resolution. To illustrate this effect, we have used parameters gPCDC and hPCDC to produce both a PCDC and a CMS axial reflectivity profile, and parameters gCMS and hCMS to produce both a PCDC and a CMS profile as shown in Fig. 5, where: CMS profiles were produced using parameters: gCMS and hCMS as computed by the CMS method (blue) and gPCDC and hPCDC as computed by PCDC (red). PCDC profiles were produced using parameters: gPCDC and hPCDC as computed by the OCDC method (red) and gCMS and hCMS as computed by CMS (blue). Normalized axial reflectivity profiles using: (a) CMS and the (b) PCDC methods The red curves were produced using the gPCDC and hPCDC as obtained by PCDC while the blue curves were produced using gCMS and hCMS as obtained by CMS Normalized sensitivity drop-offs produced using the (a) PCDC (a) and (b) CMS methods. (c) Ratio between the amplitudes in (a) and (b). Axial resolutions computed using PCDC and CMS when approaching the Nyquist frequency in combination with inconsistent signal strength across the band resulting in a resolution loss of 1 μm So far we referred to a single mirror reflector, such as used in sensing of distances or in calibration of OCT signals. We illustrate further the behaviour of the two methods faced with a succession of scattering centres in tissue, typical for OCT investigations. Using the instrument shown in Fig. 13 and cross-section images (B-scans) were produced Cross-section images of a thumb obtained using CMS (a) and PCDC (b) the right vertical axes are the axial resolutions evaluated in air using both methods As the values of the resolutions obtained with CMS are typically only 0.1–0.2 μm better than those obtained using PCDC it is not possible to clearly distinguish differences between the two images A-scans produced using PCDC and CMS when the sample is the human thumb over: (a) the entire axial range from 0 to 2 mm; (b) 0–1 mm; (c) narrower range (0.22–0.30 mm). Data were extracted from the images shown in Fig. 8 at the positions marked by a blue dashed line (CMS) and red dashed line (PCDC) A last element of comparison between the two methods that we looked at was the capability of the two methods to produce sequences of A-scans (B-scan) in real-time the time to produce a B-scan was computed using a LabVIEW 2017 (National Instruments Texas) program installed on a PC equipped with an Intel i7-7800X @ 3.5 GHz (6 cores 12 threads of execution) CPU and 16 GB RAM Simplified flowchart illustrating the benchmarked mathematical operations performed after data acquisition Time to acquire and process P = 1024 spectral acquisitions using PCDC (blue) and CMS (red) vs the number of axial points targeted axially we considered the situation where N = 2048 (number of pixels on the camera) A-scans containing a number of 3072 axial points were produced using PCDC the same number of axial points is generated at the calibration step by theoretical inferring the corresponding number of spectra As it can be observed in Fig. 11 it is impossible for our hardware configuration to produce real-time measurements of distances or cross-sectional images using PCDC The whole sequential process of operations involving apodization zero padding and FFT applied to each of the P spectra acquired the real-time operation is possible for a limited number of points Q The apodization is done at the calibration stage while after data acquisition only a multiplication of matrices is required if less than Q = 700 axial points are required there is no way to define an axial region of interest (AROI) where the reflectivity profile is produced exclusively from if necessary a lower number of axial points in the A-scan can be computed This makes real-time operation of the instrument possible the achievable axial resolution is around 2.5 μm If we assign the 2.5 μm to each pixel along depth in the A-scan a maximum AROI of 1.75 mm can be produced in real-time using CMS Let us now restrict the AROI to the range within which the resolution is that theoretically inferred If we suppose a Gaussian shape of the spectrum emitted by the supercontinuum source centred at 1270 nm the theoretical optical axial resolution is ≈1.8 μm then we are limited at processing an AROI of 1.26 mm in real-time the P A-scans are either averaged for distance measurements or assembled in a B-scan for OCT the execution time increases faster with Q than in the PCDC case CMS does not bring benefits in terms of execution time over PCDC not even when PCDC uses zero padding for interpolation Two approaches of decoding spectra in spectral domain interferometry are compared delivering reflectivity profiles useful for distance measurements and OCT: a novel method involving a calculation for each distance (depth of interest) (CMS) and the FFT based conventional method (PCDC) The mathematical apparatus behind each technique was presented and experiments were conducted to compare the accuracy in distance measurement in sensing and depth representation in OCT using both methods implemented in a spectrometer based instrument equipped with a supercontinuum optical source both methods should converge to similar conclusions although the results obtained with the two methods are in most cases similar The PCDC relies on interpolation of data and FFT whilst the CMS relies on multiplying electrical signals proportional to the spectra acquired With both techniques we were able to produce high axial resolution distance measurements and A-scans with better than 2.5 μm and of similar sensitivity when considering the stability of the calibration and the rate at which UHR axial measurements are produced CMS came as the technique of choice for the following reasons: Tolerance to choice of OPD values for calibration CMS’ axial resolutions are not as dependent on the choice of the experimental spectra employed at the calibration stage as PCDC The same spectra used for calibration purposes can be used over a longer period of time For a reduced number of pixels along the axial range 1 mm axial range may be sufficient while maintaining the axial resolution theoretically expected a sparse OCT image can be quickly produced A sparse measurement of distances can also be produced fast if speed is more important than axial resolution The demands on the computational resources can be adjusted in accordance with the axial range and resolution targeted rendering the whole process of distance measurements and OCT imaging more efficient CMS can preferentially identify reflectors at a desired distance or produce constant depth OCT images (en-face) corresponding to points at the distance or respectively depth matching the OPD used to produce that mask This may impact procedures of seeking reflectors positioned around a point or producing topography of a single layer objects Despite the advantages that the CMS approach offer parallelisation of data processing is a must This has to be done using optimised low-level routines for performing common linear algebra such as BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) or other tools which take advantage of the multicore processors such as LabVIEW’s Multicore Analysis and Sparse Matrix Toolkit that we used in this report Although CMS can operate in real-time for a low number of axial points Q CMS not only incapable of real-time operation but performs slower than its PCDC counterpart This may be the case in some particular situations as for example in (i) spectrometer-based interferometry when cameras using large number of pixels aimed at increasing the axial imaging range (ii) swept-source interferometry when the combination between the digitizer’s sampling rate and the tuning speed of the laser leads to an increased number of points each spectrum is digitized into (iii) there is need of large number of axial points Q in the A-scan Essential in comparing the two methods presented here is the peculiarity of CMS of not relying on FFTs Replacement of a single FFT operation in PCDC with multiple comparison operations in CMS determines a radical difference between the two methods CMS was initially motivated by the need to directly deliver with no need to assemble the volume of A-scans Soon it was realised that other advantages exist This study focuses into another direction opened by CMS There are however other related potential avenues that are worth being investigated such as customised processes for specifically targeted AROIs and sparse delivery of data that cannot be approached using a Fourier transform If the initial position of the mirror is not known or if the tracking interval reaches the extension of the axial range then this would require engaging all N reference spectra in which case the FT based method may be faster A spectrometer based SDI instrument was employed here but all results are immediately applicable to any spectral domain interferometry system the integral of the product between an experimentally acquired spectrum E[φ(z obtained by interfering light from the sample and reference arm of the interferometer and the kernel function e−jkz k) is the phase of the measured spectrum while k is the distribution of the wavenumbers along the pixels of the camera when using a spectrometer or along the time coordinate when using a swept source To theoretically describe how axial reflectivity profiles are obtained the reader should be aware that practical implementations involve data digitization hence variables such as the wavenumber k has to be seen as a 1D array containing a number of components equal to the number of sampling points each spectrum is digitized into in which case k is the sampling coordinate (pixel position in spectrometer based interferometry or time in swept-source interferometry) Using a continuous representation of the variables an axial reflectivity profile A(z) can be produced by computing: each experimental acquired spectrum is modified: first resampled then multiplied by a function that cancels the effect of the dispersion a linear relationship between the phase of the modified non-chirped spectrum \(E(\hat{k})\) and a new wavenumber distribution \(\hat{k}\) is obtained An A-scan compensated for broadening is produced by calculating the FFT of the product between \(E(\hat{k})\) and an apodization function \(W(\hat{k})\): The unknown in Eq. 4 is \(\hat{k}\) the effect of the random phase is normally neglected (φrand = 0) and a new wavenumber distribution \(\hat{k}\) is obtained by polynomial interpolation of the function g(k) defined as: two spectra are experimentally recorded for two OPD values between the arms of the interferometer information on the nonlinearity of the phase: the PCDC method can be implemented in a slightly different way Instead of multiplying resampled spectra \(E(\hat{k})\) by the phase factor versus the new coordinate \(\hat{k}\) we can first compute the product E(k) ⋅ e−jh(k) The first solution is more time efficient than the second one while \({e}^{-jh(\hat{k})}\) is that computed before data acquisition The second scenario requires manipulation of a complex form hence resampling of the real and imaginary parts of E(k) ⋅ e−jh(k) No significant differences were noticed between each of the values of the axial resolution or sensitivity when using these two approaches while the processing time is longer by a factor around 2 when the resampling of the whole product E(k) ⋅ e−jh(k) is performed Therefore we opted for the procedure where resampling is needed for E(k) only referred to from now on as (complex) masks or theoretically inferred spectra are evaluated for the desired sequence of axial points along z. In contrast to the PCDC method, the random phase shift φrand is now taken into account. However, if the derivative of the phase with respect to k is calculated, it is reasonable to suppose that ∂φrand/∂k = 0 so that Eq. 3 can be re-written as: To compute T *, calculations of the phase φ(z, k) as well as of the derivative of g with respect to k are required. To this goal, as for the PCDC method, two experimental spectra recorded for two different OPD values, E(z1, k) and E(z2, k) are collected. Then, using Eq. 10 the derivative of g and h with respect to k can be calculated: Cubic B-spline interpolation of each spectrum. Multiplication of the result by \({e}^{-jh(\hat{k})}\). Apart from these three operations, apodization of data, before interpolation, is commonly needed as well. All these operations are performed sequentially. In contrast to PCDC, the Q dot product operations in the CMS can be executed in parallel. Flowchart showing the steps required by each method at the calibration stage and the mathematical operations to be performed on each spectrum once acquired using the PCDC (left) and CMS (right) methods. where, the complex parameters Pi are described by: Schematic diagram of the system employed for this study LS: achromatic lenses; SL: telecentric lens; MR: flat reference mirror the sample is replaced with a flat sample mirror identical to MR (MS) Light back-scattered by the sample and reflected by the reference mirror MR interferes at DC where it is conveyed towards a commercial spectrometer (Cobra 1300 Wasatch Photonics) that covers a large spectral range The spectrometer is equipped with a Sensors Unlimited GL2048 linear InGaAs camera The difference between the two arms is required by either the OCT practice where the telecentric lens and sample mirror in OCT are replaced by a corner cube for measurement of distances (sensing applications) Using the elements normally employed by OCT does not reduce the generality of the study The spectrometer allows for an axial range of maximum 2 mm to be covered The datasets generated and/or analysed in the current paper are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request Gebbie, H. & Twiss, R. 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Biophotonics 11, e201700348, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201700348 (2018) Download references The authors would like to thank: EPSRC grant REBOT (EP/N019229/1/) Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development 625509 UBAPHODESA Marie Curie Industrial Doctorate (607627) NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology the Royal Society Wolfson research merit award and the Innovation Fund Denmark through the project ShapeOCT (No Laboratoire d’Optique et de Magnétisme EA938 wrote the paper and conducted the experiments contributed to manuscript preparation and revision The authors declare no competing interests Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33821-0 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science The dates displayed for an article provide information on when various publication milestones were reached at the journal that has published the article activities on preceding journals at which the article was previously under consideration are not shown (for instance submission All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. Metrics details Mueller microscopes enable imaging of the optical anisotropic properties of biological or non-biological samples the development of Mueller microscopes poses an instrumental challenge: the production of polarimetric parameters must be sufficiently quick to ensure fast imaging so that the evolution of these parameters can be visualised in real-time allowing the operator to adjust the microscope while constantly monitoring them a full Mueller scanning microscope based on spectral encoding of polarization is presented collected every 10 μs for each position of the optical beam on the specimen incorporates all the information needed to produce the full Mueller matrix which allows simultaneous display of all the polarimetric parameters at the unequalled rate of 1.5 Hz (for an image of 256 × 256 pixels) The design of the optical blocks allows for the real-time display of linear birefringent images which serve as guidance for the operator the instrument has the capability to easily switch its functionality from a Mueller to a Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscope providing a pixel-to-pixel matching of the images produced by the two modalities The device performance is illustrated by imaging various unstained biological specimens due to multiple scattering on various centres through specimens light polarization can also be randomly modified (depolarization) which cannot be circumvented in thick biological tissues spatial mapping at microscopic scale of polarization-based optical effects was demonstrated to be a powerful label-free method to analyse the architecture of tissues and their alteration due to different kinds of pathologies From the channelled spectrum measured by a single-pixel detector the full Mueller matrix was determined at each point of the specimen The tuning speed of the swept-source laser (10 μs in our case) determined the data acquisition time of our device That enhanced microscope benefited from a simpler design due to the use of passive PSG and PSA blocks and significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio as a result of the coherent point-to-point illumination This report presents a full Mueller scanning microscope based on new designs of passive PSA and PSG blocks in order to display in real-time linear birefringence and its orientation or more generally the change of polarization induced by the specimen as guidance for the operator whilst adjusting the microscope the instrument is provided with another functionality allowing the operator to switch easily from a Mueller to a Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging modality while keeping a perfect point-to-point matching of the images The performance of our new Mueller microscope is illustrated through imaging various unstained biological specimens such as potato starch granules aponeurosis in chicken legs and human liver with fibrosis disease in order to show the ability to separate different anisotropies within specimens All the polarimetric features are recorded at frame rates of 1.5 Hz and 0.4 Hz from respectively single-scan 256 × 256 and 512 × 512 images (to our knowledge a video showing potato starch granules has been produced during the adjustment of the microscope to demonstrate the possibility of real-time imaging of linear birefringence (amplitude and axis orientation) as guidance diattenuation and depolarization of the same potato starch granules have been made through a Mueller analysis Thirdly another video shows aponeurosis being altered by hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the ability of the instrument to image simultaneously all the polarimetric effects at high speed the same liver specimen has been scanned using both Mueller and SHG imaging pathways of our microscope This illustrates how a well-designed Mueller modality is able to reveal unstained birefringent arrangements – such as fibrillar collagen within thin tissue sections – and competes with a much more expensive nonlinear SHG modality Signal processing for real-time display (a) Channelled spectrum measured versus time by the detector for the Mueller microscopy modality originating from a single point on the specimen (b) Extraction of the signal modulations by local oscillators Hue determined by the phase of the peak and brightness by its amplitude (e) Green level image of all the modulations ∑k =1,12 [|ΔPk|] except the DC component Images of size 90 × 90 µm (512 × 512 pixels) without any average (a) Linear retardance image in HSV (Hue = azimuth of retardance (b) Circular retardance image in false colour (d) Linear diattenuation image in HSV (Hue = azimuth of diattenuation (e) Circular diattenuation image in false colour Polarimetric images of aponeurosis in chicken legs Images of size 1.7 × 1.7 mm (256 × 256 pixels) without any average Before and one minute after contact with acid (a,g) linear retardance image in HSV (Hue = azimuth of retardance (b,h) circular retardance image in false colour (d,j) linear diattenuation image in HSV (Hue = azimuth of diattenuation (e,k) circular diattenuation image in false colour Linear retardance images of a liver specimen and creation of a binary mask based on the degree of alignment (DoA) of retardance Images (a,b) of size 1.7 × 1.7 mm (256 × 256 pixels) without any average (c) Binary mask calculated from the thresholds defined by the green line on the grayscale bar of (f) and on the linear retardance histogram of (d) (d) Histograms of the linear retardance calculated in the red and the blue regions defined in (a) The red region mainly contains collagen fibres whereas the blue region mainly contains paraffin (e) Histograms of retardance azimuth calculated in the same red and blue regions Comparison between Mueller, cross-polarized and SHG images of the liver specimen. (a) Linear retardance image in HSV (Hue = azimuth of retardance, Saturation = 1, Value = linear retardance). Same acquisition as in Fig. 3 (b) Same area imaged with a wide field polarized microscope (crossed polarizers) (c) Same area imaged in second harmonic generation (SHG) “Hot regions” in (b) correspond to a mixing of linear retarders with different orientations and cannot be eliminated between a rotated pair of crossed polarizers all images were produced using with microscope objectives whose NA is lower than 0.8 which limits the spatial resolution of the images a compromise between spatial resolution and precision of the polarimetric measurement must be made Description of the experimental setup based on a swept-source for the Mueller microscopy modality and on a femtosecond laser for the Second Harmonic Generation modality In the basic configuration of PSG and PSA blocks described in ref.33 each channelled spectrum Ix,y(t) obtained at the coordinate (x y) in the sample is a multi-periodic signal corresponding to the first component of the output Stokes vector \({\overrightarrow{S}}_{o}\) defined in the Stokes-Mueller formalism by Signal post-processing is implemented in MATLAB and run on a computer equipped with an Intel Xeon processor at 3.50 GHz (6 cores) CPU and 48 Gb of RAM the processing time to produce 8 images of size 256 × 256 pixels (linear retardance (RL) and its azimuth (αR) linear diattenuation (DL) and its azimuth (αD) average depolarization (Δ) and the transmittance of the specimen (m00 element of the Mueller matrix)) is 10 s Retardances RL and RC correspond to the phase anisotropy (optical path length) for respectively two orthogonal linear polarization states or two orthogonal circular polarization states Retardance is measured here as a phase angle from 0° to 180° Diattenuations DL and DC correspond to the amplitude anisotropy where Tmax and Tmin are the maximum and minimum intensity transmittances for respectively two orthogonal linear polarization states or two orthogonal circular polarization states Diattenuation is equal to 1 for a perfect polarizer (Tmin = 0) and to 0 without anisotropy effects in amplitude Azimuths αR and αD are measured from −90° to 90° depolarization parameter Δ is equal to 0 for a non-depolarizing specimen and to 1 for a total depolarizer Steps of post-processing are described as follows: Fourier Transform of the channelled spectra leads to 12 peaks whose complex values are expressed as linear combinations of Mueller components so 25 real values to determine the 16 Mueller components is used to calibrate the spectrally encoded Mueller microscope Mueller matrix is multiplied by the inverse of the Mueller matrix measured without the specimen in order to correct the polarimetric response of the microscope at each pixel of the sample for thin biological specimens imaged in transmission under microscope scattering is not the main effect – except sample interfaces – and Lu and Chipman decomposition The mean values of the linear retardance RL are close to the theoretical value (maximum relative error of 0.5%) and vary slightly with the objective certainly due to the collection of light by the condenser lens The standard deviation of RL is equal to 0.1° at the centre of the image and increases up to 0.3° for a 90 × 90 μm field of view and 1° for a 1.7 × 1.7 mm field of view Even if the polarimetric response of the microscope is numerically corrected at each point it is not enough to get rid of it completely particularly on the edges of the image for large fields of view Thus retardance resolution can be estimated as being equal to 0.1° at each point but a retardance image must exhibit a contrast greater than 0.3° (or 1°) over the 90 × 90 μm field of view (or 1.7 × 1.7 mm) to be above the background due to the angular distribution of the wave vectors at the sample the measured depolarization parameter Δ is slightly biased by the NA of the objective from Δ = 0.045 for NA = 0.16 (4X objective) to Δ = 0.078 for NA = 0.75 (20X objective) The mean values of the linear diattenuation DL are close to the theoretical value (maximum relative error of 1.1%) with a standard deviation equal to 0.005 at the centre of the image However the standard deviation increases with the extension of the field of view from 0.005 for 90 × 90 μm image size to 0.013 for 1.7 × 1.7 mm Lastly NA has an impact on the depolarization parameter Δ (Δ = 0.021 for NA = 0.16 and Δ = 0.048 for NA = 0.75) although the bias is less important due to the high acceptance angle of the linear polarizer used for the assessment of the Mueller microscope Starch granules were isolated from a fresh cut of potato and placed on a microscope coverslip Images have been produced within a few minutes after the cut Aponeurosis tissue was harvested from the leg muscle of a raw chicken bought in a supermarket The recording of images started one minute after removing from the freezer Acid used in the paper is 37% hydrochloric acid fibrosis is staged on a scale from F0 to F4: F0 = no Fibrosis The fibrosis stage for the specimen used in this paper is F4 Mueller and SHG microscopy was performed without dewaxing or staining the specimen The cross-polarized image was acquired with a commercial microscope (Zeiss Axioskop 2) equipped with a 2.5X/0.075NA objective lens All methods and protocols were performed in accordance with guidelines and regulations approved by the Regional University Hospital in Rennes Informed consent was obtained from all patients in the original cohort for liver biopsies Crystals and the Polarising Microscope: A Handbook for Chemists and Others Collected Works of Shinya Inoué: microscopes Diattenuation of brain tissue and its impact on 3D polarized light imaging Circular intensity differential scattering and chromatin-DNA structure An automatic optical imaging system for birefringent media Polarization microscopy for characterizing fiber orientation of ocular tissues New polarized light microscope with precision universal compensator Polarized light imaging of birefringence and diattenuation at high resolution and high sensitivity Polarization microscope using a near infrared full-Stokes imaging polarimeter Enhancement of confocal microscopy images using Mueller polarimetry Axially resolved complete Mueller matrix confocal microscopy Use of polar decomposition for the diagnosis of oral precancer Mueller matrix decomposition for polarized light assessment of biological tissues Mueller matrix imaging of human colon tissue for cancer diagnosis: how Monte Carlo modelling can help in the interpretation of experimental data A quantitative and non-contact technique to characterise microstructural variations of skin tissues during photo-damaging process based on Mueller matrix polarimetry Comparative study of differential matrix and extended polar decomposition formalisms for polarimetric characterization of complex tissue-like turbid media In vivo imaging of uterine cervix with a Mueller polarimetric colposcope Mueller matrix microscope with a dual continuous rotating compensator setup and digital demodulation Mueller polarimetric imaging system with liquid crystals An experimental device for the dynamic determination of Mueller matrices Mueller matrix polarimetry with four photoelastic modulators: theory and calibration Optimized Mueller polarimeter with liquid crystals Division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP) for the simultaneous measurement of all four Stokes parameters of light Interpretation of Mueller matrices based on polar decomposition Forward and reverse product decompositions of depolarizing Mueller matrices A depolarization criterion in Mueller matrices Mueller matrix polarimetry for improved liver fibrosis diagnosis Mueller matrix microscope: a quantitative tool to facilitate detections and fibrosis scorings of liver cirrhosis and cancer tissues Mueller matrix microscopy on a Morpho butterfly Controlled Pinning of Conjugated Polymer Spherulites and Its Application in Detectors Snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter by wavelength polarization coding Systematic errors specific to a snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter 100kHz-Mueller polarimeter in reflection configuration Master-slave interferometry- ideal tool for coherence revival swept source OCT Biaxial strain and variable stiffness in aponeuroses Organization of the Extracellular Matrix: A Polarisation Microscopic Approach Fibrillar collagen scoring by second harmonic microscopy: A new tool in the assessment of liver fibrosis qFibrosis: A fully-quantitative innovative method incorporating histological features to facilitate accurate fibrosis scoring in animal model and chronic hepatitis B patients Experimental demonstration of two-photon Mueller matrix second harmonic generation microsocopy Second-harmonic patterned polarization-analyzed reflection confocal microsocopy Optical coherence tomography for ultrahigh resolution in vivo imaging MEMS tunable VCSEL light source for ultrahigh speed 60kHz - 1MHz axial scan rate and long range centimeter class OCT imaging Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI Frequency Doubled High Speed Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging On the general properties of polarised light conventional and confocal microscopes Determination of collagen fiber orientation in histological slides using Mueller microscopy and validation by second harmonic generation imaging Quantitative characterization of articular cartilage using Mueller matrix imaging and multiphoton microscopy Optimization of retardance for a complete Stokes polarimeter Optimization of a snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter Analysis of depolarization Mueller matrices through a symmetric decomposition Differential matrix formalism for depolarizing anisotropic media A robust collagen scoring method for human liver fibrosis by second harmonic Microscopy The French METAVIR Cooperative Study Group interobservervariations in liver biopsy interpretation in patients with chronic hepatitis C Download references This work was supported by the CPER (Contrat de Plan État-Région) SOPHIE Photonic project of Région Bretagne acknowledges the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (grant REBOT EP/N019229/1) as well as Université de Bretagne Occidentale for the visiting grant The authors thank Gael Leroux for technical assistance and Bruno Turlin of the Department of Pathology (Pontchaillou hospital Sylvain Rivet and Matthieu Dubreuil contributed equally Reprints and permissions Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40467-z ISSS Journal of Micro and Smart Systems (2022) One Direction alum Zayn Malik shared his new hairstyle and beard in an intimate look into life off the grid Zayn Malik has got that one thing: a new look The former One Direction member shared a video of him singing an a cappella version of his song “Shoot At Will,” but his vocals weren’t the only mesmerizing part of the clip In the video uploaded to Instagram Aug. 23 the “PILLOWTALK” singer appeared without his signature short hair and stubble The 31-year-old—who shares daughter Khai Malik, 3, with ex Gigi Hadid—wore an all-white ensemble including a long sleeve button-down shirt with the sleeves rolled up and white pants as he filled the frame and sang the song from his May 2024 Room Under the Stairs album into a red microphone The Instagram update is Zayn’s first post in weeks and is a rare intimate look into the life of the singer who lives on his farm in Pennsylvania and has maintained a relatively low profile since learning he would be a father "When I found out that my partner at the time was pregnant, I pretty quickly made up my mind that this would be a great place to raise a child because there's so much for her to do here," Zayn told L'Officiel magazine in March In fact, Gigi—who is currently dating Bradley Cooper—shared a look inside their latest mother-daughter adventures on Instagram Aug 21 as part of a “Big Summer Roundup,” and many of the snapshots show some of the exciting activities from nature hikes and pool time Although Khai’s face is strategically avoided in the shots she can be seen holding hands with her mom as they snuggle on a couch dipping her feet in the water in the woods and standing poolside sporting a personalized Versace robe Gigi and Zayn aren’t the only ones who are living while they’re young Read on to see other epic celebrity hair transformations The Marvel actor said goodbye to Bucky Barnes' signature long hair in April 2025 showing off a shaved head at the Los Angeles premiere of Thunderbolts* the "Karma" singer debuted her rainbow mohawk at the GLAAD Media Awards In a March 2025 TikTok video, the model called this 'do with shaggy bangs the "worst haircut of my life." The Gypsy Rose: Life After Lockup star debuted a short bob in March 2025, more than two months after giving birth to her and fiancé Ken Urker's first child, daughter Aurora Urker The formerly blond Real Housewives of Salt Lake City star debuted a red bob on Watch What Happens Live in January 2025 The model debuted lighter locks in September 2024 a month after giving birth to her and Justin Bieber's first baby The Emily in Paris star debuted her dramatic transformation at the world premiere of her new horror movie "Changing my hair always brings out different sides of my personality and I love playing around," Lily told Vogue "This cut and color feels bolder and yet somehow lighter While attending Chanel's Tribeca Film Festival Artists dinner in June 2024 yet striking transformation of rich caramel balayage highlights that were blended throughout her brunette tresses The Kardashians star debuted a platinum blonde look and a bob haircut after rocking waist-length strands for quite some time "Did someone say they missed king kylie," Kylie teased in the caption of her June 8 Instagram post, to which her sister Khloe Kardashian cheekily replied The former Bravo star debuted a platinum blonde look during 2024 Paris Fashion Week Haute Couture The Heads of State star debuted a drastic haircut—a shoulder-grazing bob—while attending a Bulgari event in Rome i May 2024 the actress chopped her hair into a bob that many fans on social media said reminded them of one of the looks she sported as Mary Camden on the '90s series 7th Heaven The Transformers actress returned to her dark brown tresses and debuted a sassy bob in May 2024, a month after she dyed her hair blue to enter what she dubbed her "Jedi era." the daughter of the late Anna Nicole Smith debuted a new lob hairstyle overnight during 2024 Kentucky Derby weekend which she attended with dad Larry Birkhead The Fashion Police alum debuted a blonde bombshell hair transformation May 8 Back to blonde: Kim debuted a new platinum 'do in April 2024 The Fenty Beauty founder debuted a bright blonde hair transformation April 17 while celebrating her latest Fenty x Puma collection in London The model debuted a bleach blonde pixie cut at the FRAME event April 4 The Jennifer's Body star traded in her bubblegum pink tresses for a baby blue bob Less than a month afer chopping her hair into a long bob Zendaya debuted a honey blonde transformation at the Challengers premiere March 26 The Great star ushered in spring with a fresh cut The Mean Girls alum swapped out her signature blonde hair for a dark brunette transformation on March 18 The Selling Sunset star looked completely unrecognizable after debuting a dramatic blonde transformation March 16 The Fashion Police alum ditched her signature purple hair after six years The Dune actress debuted a shoulder-grazing bob at Essence's Black Women in Hollywood Awards March 7 The Anyone But You star made a showstopping appearance at Miu Miu's fall/winter 2024-2025 show during Paris Fashion Week To prepare for her upcoming role as Jean Seberg the 29-year-old debuted a bleached blonde pixie cut The Princess Diaries alum unveiled fringe bangs at the 2024 Film Independent Spirit Awards The star debuted a bangin' new style at the premiere of her friend Nicola Peltz Beckham's film Lola in February 2024 By Eric Olanowski ROME, Italy (June 23) -- Ukraine women shined at Matteo Pellicone by winning three of four gold-medal matches contested on Thursday, while Azerbaijan closed out the Greco-Roman side of the Ranking Series event with the team title. The trio of Ukraine winners were Alina HRUSHYNA (UKR), Iryna KOLIADENKO (UKR) and Alla BELINSKA (UKR). In Greco-Roman, Azerbaijan had six finalists – including four wrestlers who ascended to the top of the podium – and won the Greco-Roman team title 46 points ahead of second-place Hungary (102 points). Of the three Ukraine women who summitted the Ranking Series podium Thursday, Belinska, without question, made the biggest splash. In just her second competition down at 68kg since the 2018 World Championships, Belinska snapped world champion Irina RINGACI's (MDA) 20-match win streak that dated back to August 2021. Since the 2021 U20 World Championships, Ringaci has been victorious in 20 consecutive matches. Her run spanned the U20 and Senior World Championships, U23 and Senior European Championships, Dan Kolov and the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series event. But Belinska wasn't worried about Ringaci's resume or her win streak. Instead, she had one thing on her mind: flip the script from their March matchup where Ringaci pinned Belinska after leading, 12-0. In the short-lived 68kg finals in Rome, Belinska snapped the continental champion into a front headlock and caught Ringaci's head near her knee. Then, the 2022 European bronze medalist locked up a cradle, remained composed and was methodical in working to the fall. She remained patient and took her time, using nearly 90 seconds to inch Ringaci's shoulders to the mat for the pin. With her win on Thursday, Belinska added a third Ranking Series gold to her resume. She also won golds at the '21 Poland Open and '18 Yasar Dogu. Alina HRUSHYNA (UKR) dominated Elvira KAMALOGLU (TUR), 11-1, in the 57kg gold-medal match. (Photo: UWW / Kadir Caliskan) Hrushyna and Koliadenko also dominated their final opponents on Thursday, helping Ukraine (95 points) carry the 55-point lead over Brazil (40 points) into Friday, the final day of women's wrestling action. In the first period of the 57kg finals, Hrushyna snapped Elvira KAMALOGLU (TUR) down to the mat and worked on a front headlock for nearly 40 seconds before getting to the corner and picking up her first takedown. After a minute of scoreless action, Hrushyna went back to her front headlock and picked up a second go-behind takedown. With less than a minute to go in the first frame, Hrushyna brought Kamaloglu down to all fours with two-on-one. Then, as the reigning European champ's Turkish opponent tried building back up to her feet, Hrushyna used an underhook throw-by to put four points on the board, increasing her lead to 8-0. There was some confusion at the end of the scoring sequences, as Hrushyna's corner thought there should have been another set of two awarded. The refs came together and white-paddled the two in question, keeping Hrushyna's lead to 8-0. In the second period, Hrushyna and Kamaloglu traded step-outs, before the Ukraine wrestler stopped a swing single attempt to her left leg and spun behind for the 11-1 win. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Olympic Wrestling (@unitedworldwrestling) Tokyo Olympic bronze medalist Koliadenko cruised to a one-sided 6-0 win over Ilona PROKOPEVNIUK (UKR) While on the shot clock in the first period transitioned into a pair of leg laces and jumped out to the 6-0 lead Koliadenko switched to a more defensive wrestling style and was never really in danger of surrendering points controlled Prokopevniuk's head with a left-side collar tie and halted the European bronze medalist's high-level attacks Zoltan LEVAI (HUN) eased his way to a 4-0 win over Amin KAVIYANINEJAD (IRI) in the 77kg finals Lithuania and Moldova each had a wrestler win Greco-Roman gold on Thursday Azerbaijan ended up winning the team title after pushing six wrestlers into the finals Zoltan LEVAI (HUN) breezed past Amin KAVIYANINEJAD (IRI) in the 77kg finals and defended his Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series titles from '20 and '21 He was the second Hungarian Greco-Roman champion of the week Levai controlled the bout against Kaviyaninejad from whistle to whistle and was never threatened by the former U20 world champ He earned an inactivity point in each period and scored two points from a correct lift Levai likely punched his ticket to World Championships after beating fellow Hungarian and reigning European champion Robert FRITSCH (HUN) Mihail BRADU (MDA) celebrates beating Rasoul GARMSIRI (IRI) Mihail BRADU (MDA) used a first-period takedown to edge Rasoul GARMSIRI (IRI) Bradu worked on a front-head pinch when Garmsiri bailed out and conceded the first two points of the match That lone takedown proved to be the key factor in the match Bradu was dinged with inactivity when Garmsiri went for a reverse lift and transitioned into somewhat of an unorthodox gut wrench saying his Iranian opponent committed a leg foul He held on to the one-point win and grabbed gold at a Ranking Series event for the first time in his career The final Greco-Roman gold went to top-ranked Kristupas SLEIVA (LTU) the Lithuanian earned an injury default victory as Ulvi GANIZADE (AZE) could not compete in the gold-medal bout Yelena MAKOYED (USA) hip tossed Anastasiya ALPYEYEVA (UKR) during the 76kg finals Yelena MAKOYED (USA) shocked the wrestling world en route to winning the 76kg gold medal Makoyed picked up confidence-building wins over European champion Epp MAE (EST) world bronze medalist Martina KUENZ (AUT) and European bronze medalist Catalina AXENTE (ROU) before throttling U23 world champ Anastasiya ALPYEYEVA (UKR) in the finals Makoyed capitalized on a swing single and led by two points after the action was blown dead and the wrestlers came up to their feet the American worked with an underhook when she timed a hip tossed perfectly and tacked on another two points Her third takedown came with a low-level double gaining a 6-0 lead at the end of the first period Makoyed only needed 35 seconds to score four points off a beautiful go-behind to a gut wrench with double boots in giving her the 10-0 win and first Ranking Series gold United World Wrestling 2025 - All rights reserved Gheorghe Zamfir celebrates 50 extraordinary years on the stage with special guests in a festive gala that will include exhibitions Some 150 artists will come together for the event With a life dedicated to Romanian folklore and the pan flute Zamfir is the author of over 300 papers on folk He has sold over 120 million copies of over 160 recorded albums Tickets, which cost from RON 160 to RON 320, can be bought online from www.myticket.ro. We use cookies for keeping our website reliable and secure providing social media features and to analyse how our website is used Mike Carter Simply sign up to the Life & Arts myFT Digest -- delivered directly to your inbox “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster / And treat those two imposters just the same through a corridor of grey Soviet-era blocks was frantically looking for a piano to play He’d written a song and he wanted me to hear it refused to let him loose on the hall’s concert piano “If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew / To serve your turn long after they are gone A statue of Vladimir Lenin in Tiraspol © Michael Runkel/Robert HardingWhen I told friends that I was going to Moldova for the weekend the most common response was “Moldwhere?” Some — educated a few remembered it as the location of a 1985 Dynasty cliffhanger though a few had vague notions of appearances in the Eurovision Song Contest Pre-trip research revealed a survey declaring it the unhappiest place to live in the world and statistics from the World Bank identifying it as the second least-visited country in 2013 On the latter measure it is pipped to the post by tiny Kiribati (a nation of 33 islands surrounded by thousands of miles of Pacific Ocean) Statistics on tourists are notoriously imprecise (how do you differentiate business and leisure travellers for example?) but here there is a sizeable margin for error Moldova received just 11,500 tourists — a tenth of the number who travelled to tiny Bhutan and a hundred times fewer than the number who made it to Namibia at the end of a long corridor punctuated by padded doors from behind which drifted fragments of sound: violins “I wrote this for Eurovision 2014,” Valery explained (the song made it to the second round of Moldova’s selection process) with a Moldovan flag hanging from the arch © Mike CarterLater we walked along the main boulevard in the capital city past street stalls where babushkas sold babushka dolls trolleybuses and battered Ladas jostled for space with sparkling Mercedes and Range Rovers with dark windows Chișinău was largely razed by an earthquake in 1940 finished off by the Luftwaffe and then rebuilt by the Soviets so very little of the historic centre remains from whose arch an enormous Moldovan flag hung the hem of which passing Moldovans stopped to kiss Either side of the arch were central Chișinău’s two parks dominated by the city’s main Orthodox cathedral and the Grădina Publică Ștefan cel Mare şi Sfânt the entrance of which is guarded by a 1928 statue of Ștefan cel Mare a 15th-century prince who led the resistance against the Ottomans as the sun splayed dappled light through the canopy This didn’t feel like the unhappiest place in the world Chișinău seems unlikely to become the new Prague but some clearly feel it deserves to be less overlooked a UK tour operator specialising in Scandinavia and eastern Europe and as we walked he told me about Moldova’s recent past from the second world war to independence in 1991 “I had long hair and used to get black-market vinyl from the sailors just back from Odessa,” he said but shadows.” Moldova paid a heavy price for independence A civil war in 1992 left about 700 dead and 500,000 living in a separate pro-Russia enclave The economy collapsed; corruption was rife that almost half the agricultural products went (43 per cent in 2013) and from where most of the country’s energy needs are supplied Moldovans have watched the war in Crimea with growing anxiety Their remittances constitute 25 per cent of GDP The next day Valery and I drove out of Chișinău we visited the neo-Byzantine St Mary’s church Priests wafted clouds of incense and the chanting and incantations rose and fell in sorrowful waves as the packed congregation held aloft branches of spruce The interior of the Nativity Cathedral in Moldova’s capital Chișinău © Michael Runkel/Robert HardingThat night the interior of wood and stone modelled on a traditional Moldovan peasant house I was given a glass of white wine and a walnut served with traditional mamaliga (a maize porridge similar to polenta) I opened Eric Weiner’s The Geography of Bliss (2008) he tries to understand what makes some countries happy is like the ribbon on the rope in the east-west ideological tug-of-war “Without an abiding faith or culture on which to rely,” he writes Moldovans have a world view which is ‘“free-floating into the start of 200km of tunnels carved into the limestone lined with 7,000-litre barrels of Crimean oak and 1.5m bottles of wine a number that won it a Guinness World Record as the largest collection in the world Arlina explained how Moldova was famous for its wines under the Soviet Union The industry took a big hit after communism collapsed but had been recovering over the past two decades Russia embargoed imports of Moldovan wine (the latest of many trade sanctions) a move Moscow said was due to impurities in the product but which others claim was about the imminence of an EU trade deal where underground cellars house the largest collection of wine (by number of bottles) in the world © Panos PicturesDeep underground we came to some oak barrels in the wall which Arlina swung open on a hidden hinge to reveal a cavernous space behind with large fishtanks and banqueting tables She lined up some bottles — reds and whites — and by the time I emerged it’s fair to say my mood was somewhat buoyant “And now we go to ‘paradise’,” said Valery It was raining by the time we had travelled the 40km east and 25 years back in time to Transnistria where heavily armed guards checked cars and passports All signs were now in Cyrillic and a vast Transnistrian flag flew from a pole especially when processed by a brain powered by Moldovan cabernet people of eastern Moldova — predominantly ethnic Russians and Ukrainians — balked at greater ties with the west and instead established one of the world’s oddest political entities: a nation that doesn’t officially exist the Transnistrian rouble (though an estimated 70 per cent of its budget comes from Moscow) whitewashed kerbs and a park with close-cut lawns and immaculate flowerbeds a statue of Comrade Lenin gazed benevolently “It is because here people have nowhere to rush to,” said Valery seeming to suggest there was a touch of the Potemkins about Bender past a base where the 14th Russian army has 7,000 men stationed past a war memorial guarded by an old Soviet tank with an eternal flame honouring the dead from 1992 and from the Soviet campaign in Afghanistan the date the Bolsheviks stormed Petrograd’s Winter Palace in 1917 We stood in front of the monolithic House of Soviets It struck me that by bringing tourists here it is almost as if modern Moldova can only frame itself by what it isn’t any more an extraordinary thing to experience in Europe in 2015 The country might not have the most dramatic of landscapes nor the kind of ancient cultural treasures to draw the masses to be worked for by travellers; its history not consigned to museums but happening right now Win Happy PremiumSearch Rayo greatest hits gloucestershire newsGloucester man sentenced to 11 years for rape and assaultIt took a jury less than one hour to find him guilty A Gloucester man has been sentenced to 11 years in prison for rape and assault. Petru-Marian Bradu, who is 19 and from Barton Street was sentenced this afternoon (17/11) after a jury took less than an hour to find him guilty earlier this week. He received nine years for rape and two years for assault with both sentences being served consecutively. He must serve at least two thirds of the sentence and will be added to the sex offenders register for life. The conviction relates to an incident on 23 July 2019 where a lone woman was approached whilst walking along Widden Street in Gloucester. A man, later found to be Bradu, punched her to the head causing her to lose consciousness and when she woke up he was raping her. A full DNA profile of Bradu was taken after the victim reported the attack, but initially no matches were found on police systems. He was caught after being arrested for a separate assault in December which he admitted, though despite a DNA match he denied responsibility for the rape and so went to trial. The jury heard how Bradu tried to use excuses to plead his innocence such as referring to rape myths and stating "well she doesn’t look like she’s been raped" whilst speaking about CCTV footage of the victim after the attack. The victim took part in the trial via video link which meant that she did not have to be in the presence of Bradu at court. This is something that can put people off reporting crimes, but officers say making a complaint or going to trial does not necessarily mean having to stand up in court to face your attacker. Investigating officer DC Steve Martin from the RASSO team said: "This was a particularly vicious incident where the victim was targeted by a stranger who she had never met before. “She received support from the team at the Hope House Sexual Assault Referral Clinic (SARC) and I have no doubt that this support helped her to find the incredible strength to see this through. "Stranger rapes are very rare in Gloucestershire however they can unfortunately happen and sadly but unsurprisingly the victim suffered considerably in terms of her mental health as a consequence of the incident. "The victim has said that the fact that she was believed was incredibly important to her so now that justice has been achieved this will hopefully help her moving forward." Company number 01176085; Bauer Radio Limited Company number: 1394141Registered office: Media House Peterborough PE2 6EA and H Bauer Publishing Company number: LP003328; Registered office: The Lantern London NW1 2PL All registered in England and Wales VAT no 918 5617 01H Bauer Publishing are authorised and regulated for credit broking by the FCA (Ref No: 845898) the man who won half a million more votes than the current White House occupant came back from six weeks in Europe for a couple of discreet appearances in Tennessee his home state which so cruelly spurned him at the polls he looked just like one of those dethroned eastern European monarchs who used to haunt the salons of London or Paris on the excesses of the thugs who had ousted them when Prince Albert arrived in Nashville it was to graciously partake in a bipartisan workshop to persuade Tennessee's youth to interest itself more in politics followed by another appearance intended to inspire young Democrats The beard has since become the subject of intense analysis When it first sprouted on his European break his aides described it as a holiday indulgence which would be gone by the time he got home and his famously proud jaw line was still obscured by fuzz unless you are ready to go back to the days of frock coats The last time the American people elected a man in a beard it was Benjamin Harrison Or perhaps the beard has another meaning entirely It gives the former vice-president an academic air befitting his current employment as an occasional lecturer was not at raucous rallies but at a seminar closed to the media Maybe Gore is content for now to be a repository of wisdom for his party Yet Al Gore's political thirst is so very clearly unquenched All his life he was groomed for a particular job and when it finally seemed within his grasp it was controversially ripped away He has every right to bear a grudge against fate Two thirds of Democrats questioned in a poll last week wanted him to at least stand in the 2004 primaries if a presidential contest between Gore and George Bush was held today it would be - calm yourselves - a dead heat For every party stalwart who believes Gore fumbled a perfect chance last year there is apparently another who swears he was robbed by Katherine Harris and the supreme court So here is another reading of the celebrated beard a former warrior sorely done by and meditating in his manly cave until the people realise their folly and come to beg him to rid the land of rampant misrule Gore will surely shave off the beard and gird himself for battle But there will be more foes to see off than last time but his greatest challenge will be his nemesis in 2000 And Bill Clinton's memoirs will be hitting the shops Gore will be in a head-to-head race with Bush and the pundits will still be talking about Monica Emailjulian.borger@theguardian.com