co-chair of the firm’s Medical Devices Area of Focus is speaking in American Conference Institute’s (ACI) Inaugural Summit on GLP-1 Law & Policy on July 24 Faget will explore how stakeholders can navigate risk and understand new regulation in the weight loss drug market ACI’s conference will feature industry leaders for a discussion focused on the opportunities and challenges of this booming industry We look beyond the law to focus on the constantly evolving demands facing our clients Images of people may not be Foley personnel As the newly appointed Director of Food and Beverage Miguel Faget brings more than 20 years of luxury hospitality experience and an innovative approach to menu development and service operations His role will focus on aligning the hotel's four culinary concepts and implementing updates that showcase the property's dedication to quality and distinction He will also partner with Chef Iannuario on the re-conception of Donna Mare Faget previously led operations at The Ritz-Carlton South Beach and Marriott Hutchinson Island Beach Resort where he consistently delivered exceptional guest experiences while building high-performing teams By Karen Dybis | February 28 Mardi Gras is a citywide pre-Lenten celebration with parades and art—and in the case of locally based brand Mignon Faget Mignon Faget’s Mardi Gras collection for 2025 highlights the holiday’s history and fun “The bead dog designs are so specific to the local community that we were afraid it would be hard to explain to those outside of New Orleans or those who didn’t experience Mardi Gras in New Orleans as a child,” Oroszi tells JCK the pause between parades can feel like an eternity or start a small craft—like making a bead dog,” Oroszi says “From the simplest string of Mardi Gras beads children can easily twist them into a shape that comes out looking like a dog and trade them with each other along the route.” You don’t have to have a personal connection to the design to appreciate how precious it is,” Oroszi says “We love to play with the colors and give them our own twist so the Rainbow Hemalyke mixed with faceted crystals create a unique shine,” Oroszi says “We definitely appreciate and rely on what Mardi Gras does for our business and economy as a city,” says Oroszi “The tourists and parade goers from around the world descend on our city to enjoy everything it has to offer From amazing restaurants to wildlife tours to shopping in our historic neighborhoods every business is affected each year by the influx of visitors we have during the Mardi Gras season.” “Mardi Gras is so much more than just a time for revelry—it is a time when everyone in New Orleans comes together and puts aside all of our differences and complaints and celebrates the good,” Oroszi says “It’s a time when everyone is on the same level and communities merge to collectively be joyful in spite of any other issues that may have taken place within the year and going into the next.” Top: Bead Dog sunglasses are one item in New Orleans–based jewelry brand Mignon Faget’s Mardi Gras collection By Rob Bates May 05 By Annie Davidson Watson May 05 By Brittany Siminitz May 05 By Karen Dybis May 05 2025 © RX USA. Use of this website is subject to terms of use. Mignon Faget Enters a New Era With Its ‘Legacy’ Collection The brand is celebrating its upcoming 55th anniversary with modern designs that pay tribute to its history. Events & AwardsMay 06, 2025Here’s Who Made Jewelers of America’s New ‘20 Under 40’ ListExpanded this year to include suppliers, JA’s 2025 list honors 40 up-and-coming professionals in the jewelry industry. IndependentsMay 06, 2025Gunderson’s Jewelers to Be Featured on ‘World’s Greatest’ TV SeriesThe episode about the family-owned jeweler will premiere May 17. Brought to you byLas Vegas Antique Jewelry & Watch Show: Showcasing the Most Collectible Merchandise from Across the GlobeGain access to the most exclusive and coveted antique pieces from trusted dealers during Las Vegas Jewelry Week. IndependentsMay 05, 2025Zadok Jewelers Opens Store in AustinThe Houston-based jeweler’s new 11,000-square-foot showroom will include a Rolex boutique. AuctionsMay 05, 2025Nancy Astor’s Cartier Tiara Heads to AuctionThe turquoise and diamond tiara hasn’t been on the market since it was purchased by Lord Astor in 1930. SourcingMay 05, 2025Crater of Diamonds Yields 4-Carat Brown Diamond“The Duke Diamond” is the largest diamond registered at the Arkansas park so far this year. Brought to you byWatch: The Winston Red: GIA Examines the Smithsonian’s Newest AdditionSupplier Spotlight Sponsored by GIA TrendsMay 02, 2025Ring Concierge, Kraft Partner on Mother’s Day Macaroni Necklace The childhood craft of making dried pasta necklaces for Mother’s Day is all grown up as the 14-karat gold “Forever Macaroni” necklace. MajorsMay 02, 2025Stuller’s New Bridal Catalog Is Here“Bridal 2025–2026” includes popular styles and a dedicated section for quick pricing references of lab-grown diamond bridal jewelry. SourcingMay 01, 2025Tariffs & Colored Gemstones: Relying on Stock, Considering the Ripple EffectThough currently paused, high tariffs threaten many countries where gemstones are mined. Dealers are taking measures now to prepare. MajorsMay 01, 2025Peek Inside David Yurman’s New Miami Flagship StoreLocated in Miami’s Design District, the 4,000-square-foot store is an homage to David and Sybil Yurman’s artistic roots. TrendsMay 01, 2025Amanda’s Style File: 20 Pieces of Emerald Jewelry for MayMay babies are lucky indeed, born in a month awash with fresh colors and celebrated with one of the most coveted colored gemstones. MajorsMay 01, 2025Jewelers of America Opens Applications for 2025 ScholarshipsThe deadline to apply for the Seymour & Evelyn Holtzman Bench Scholarship is June 12. SurveysApr 30, 2025Consumer Confidence Hits Pandemic-Level Low Amid Tariff ConcernsWhat’s really worrying U.S. consumers isn’t the present situation; it’s what the economy is going to look like six months from now. Events & AwardsApr 30, 2025Instore Show Debuts New Name, Look, and FocusNow called The Instore Jewelry Show, it will include holiday-focused education, interactive workshops, and a window display contest. SourcingApr 30, 2025GemGuide Has a New Pricing Chart for Colombian EmeraldsIt includes pricing for unenhanced Colombian emeralds in the fine to extra fine range. AuctionsApr 29, 2025‘Golconda Blue’ Diamond Pulled From AuctionThe 23-carat fancy vivid blue diamond, set to headline Christie’s May jewelry auction, was expected to sell for as much as $50 million. IndependentsApr 29, 2025Maryland Jeweler to Close After 36 YearsG.B. Heron Jewelers in Salisbury, Maryland, is set to close as its owner, Jeff Cassels, retires. ColumnistsApr 29, 2025Google Ads vs. Social Media Ads: Which Are More Effective?Emmanuel Raheb outlines the differences between the two platforms and posits that the most successful jewelers use both. SourcingApr 29, 2025Gemfields Mini Ruby Auction Achieves $7MThe miner said its April sale featured a mix of commercial-quality primary rubies and secondary rubies of varying quality. CrimeApr 28, 2025Customs Seizes Nearly 2,000 Pieces of Counterfeit Van Cleef & Arpels JewelryU.S. customs agents in El Paso, Texas, intercepted the package, which would have been worth $9 million if the jewelry was genuine. TrendsApr 28, 2025Suzanne Kalan Launches Tech Ring Jacket CollectionHealth monitors become statement pieces when paired with the brand’s new collection of stackable diamond-studded bands. Events & AwardsApr 28, 2025JCK Industry Fund Announces 2025 Grant RecipientsTen organizations were selected this year. IndependentsApr 28, 2025John Atencio Appoints 2 to Wholesale TeamKim Carpenter and Sam Gevisenheit have joined the brand. CollectionsApr 25, 2025Sylvie Looks to Water in New Sculptural Bridal Collection“Shell Auranova” is the next generation of the brand’s bridal line, featuring half-bezel engagement rings with bold and fluid designs. FinancialsApr 25, 2025Kering’s Jewelry Brands Persevere as Q1 Sales Sink 14%Boucheron and Pomellato performed well in an otherwise bleak quarter for Kering amid struggles at Gucci This site uses cookies to give you the best online experience. By continuing to use & browse this site, we assume you agree to our Privacy Policy vice chair of the firm’s Health Care Practice Group co-chairs of the firm’s Medical Devices Area of Focus are speaking at Dynamic Global Events’ 6th Clinical Trial Agreements (CTA) Summit on August 21-22 is speaking in the session “Map the Best Methods for Outsourcing Clinical Trials Agreement Attorneys” and Chmielewski is speaking in the session “Grasp the Intricacies of Research Misconduct” on April 21 Chmielewski is moderating the panel titled “Assess How the New Regulatory Landscape Will Affect Trials in 2025 and Beyond” with Beaver and Faget as speakers DGE’s 6th Clinical Trial Agreements Summit will provide attendees with detailed and insightful discussions on how to navigate the intricacies of company mergers Grasp the Intricacies of Research Misconduct Department of Health and Human Services proposed updates to revise the Public Health Service Policies on Research Misconduct addressing critical issues such as confidentiality clauses These changes may necessitate revisions to current CTAs Map the Best Methods for Outsourcing Clinical Trials Agreement Attorneys Outsourcing CTAs is typically managed through Clinical Research Organizations (CRO) and vendors CTA attorneys bring valuable expertise in budget development How does collaborating with CROs differ from working with attorneys Panel: Assess How the New Regulatory Landscape Will Affect Trials in 2025 and Beyond significant regulatory changes are reshaping the clinical trial landscape the full impact of these changes remains uncertain as the industry navigates this evolving environment How will the new legislation influence diversity guidance Dean Leslie Durham recognized new faculty members in the College of Arts and Sciences Please give a warm welcome to our new colleagues Darius Dawson is an award-winning director and film educator won the 2020 DGA Student Directing Grand Prize the Golden Tadpole at Camerimage 2020 and was purchased by HBO to stream on HBOMax he has directed for Peter and Bob Farrelly for their Quibi show currently on the Roku Channel and 2nd Unit on THE GREATEST BEER RUN EVER Before embarking on his journey as a director Darius worked for several years as a cinematographer lensing branded and short-form content extensively in Southeast Asia he’s shot out of helicopters for the National Guard explosions in the high desert and drug runners on the mud flats outside of Anchorage Darius teaches Directing and Visual Storytelling for Sundance’s online learning platform He hails from North Carolina and attended NYU and the AFI Conservatory for cinematography and directing Mahshad Faridfar joined Boise State University in 2024 as an assistant professor in the Department of Art He received his MFA in Graphic Design from Oklahoma State University in the spring of 2024 and his BFA in Graphic Design from Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in 2011 With over a decade of experience as a graphic designer his professional interests have fallen primarily into the categories of generative design His MFA thesis explored the intersection of generative design and visual storytelling within the context of Iranian migration The innovative use of technology in his thesis exhibition underscores Mahshad’s commitment to using design as a means to engage with complex cultural and social issues Mahshad is particularly passionate about the potential of generative design to create responsive and evolving visual narratives He is committed to exploring how technology can be leveraged to tell stories that resonate on a personal and cultural level Lauren Faget joins Boise State University as an assistant professor in the Department of Biological Sciences She received her MS in Psychopharmacology from the University of Bordeaux in 2007 and her Ph.D in Neuroscience from the University of Strasbourg in 2010 She performed her post-doc at UC San Diego in the laboratory of Dr studying the role and connectivity of discrete neuronal populations of the brain reward pathway She was then a Project Scientist in the Department of Neurosciences at UC San Diego from 2017 to 2024 Faget has been the first to: characterize and identify the role of heterogeneous ventral pallidum (VP) neurons in motivated behaviors using in vivo optogenetics in vivo calcium imaging and ex vivo slice electrophysiology; report the afferent inputs to neurotransmitter-specific neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) using trans-synaptic retrograde virus; report the distribution and colocalization of mu and delta opioid receptors in the mouse brain using knock-in mice; and report the recruitment of hippocampal delta opioid receptors during context-dependent morphine withdrawal and identification of physiological pattern of internalization Her current research goals are to identify cell types and synapses modified in neuropsychiatric disorders (including drug addiction depression and schizophrenia) to set new targets for therapeutic interventions her lab deploys a wide range of assays and tools Bia Mizoguchi joins Boise State as clinical assistant faculty in the Department of Biological Sciences with a minor in Science Education from State University of Maringá (Brazil) Mizoguchi’s research was in turtle sex determination and during graduate school she was involved in teaching activities and leadership positions at the Brazilian Student Association There she received a teaching excellence award from ISU’s Graduate College Mizoguchi worked as a Teaching Laboratory Specialist at the Veterinary Pathology Department at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University Andrew Gase joins Boise State as an assistant professor in the Department of Geosciences He studies the structure and evolution of the Earth with seismology and teaches courses in geophysics and geodynamics which involves (1) placing seismometers on the seafloor to detect natural seismic waves from faults and (2) making geologic CT-scans or “images” with human-made acoustic energy sources His recent research projects have included seismic monitoring of Southeast Alaska’s Queen Charlotte Fault imaging the internal structure of large earthquakes producing faults in New Zealand and studying the structural development of submarine volcanoes Gase graduated from Boise State University with a master’s degree in Geophysics in 2017 and received his doctoral degree in Geological Sciences from the University of Texas at Austin in 2022 Katrina joins Boise State as an assistant professor of illustration in the Department of Art Her parents are from Argentina and during a childhood visit to Patagonia she strolled leisurely with a group of penguins and has drawn them ever since Her illustrations have won awards from 3×3 Magazine Society of Illustrators West and Cultural Association Teatrio’s 15th Annual Competition of Illustration She created illustrations for two international picture books she worked as a freelance illustrator and taught in various colleges New York City and Philadelphia for 15 years Heidi Hansen is a lecturer for first year writing in the Department of Writing Studies and Digital Media Studies from Northern Arizona University and is a doctoral candidate in Technical Communication and Rhetoric at Texas Tech University she taught first year writing and other English courses at Northwest College in Wyoming Her research interests include first-year writing online counterpublic rhetoric and rhetorical empathy Mark Horton joins Boise State as a lecturer in the First Year Writing Program He currently serves as an instructor for English 101(P) In 2023 Mark was an adjunct instructor teaching English 101(P) In addtion to teaching First Year Writing classes for four years he has also worked for eight years in the Writing Center at Boise State University as: intern graduate student and on-line coordinator working with the Program’s Director Mark received a Bachelors of Arts from Boise State University in 2017 with an English degree with emphasis in Literature He received a Masters Degree from Boise State University in 2022 in English Literature He currently serves as a member on the Steering Committee and Chair the Student Success and Retention Committee for First Year Writing Metrics details The ventral pallidum (VP) contains GABA and glutamate neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area (VTA) whose stimulation drives approach and avoidance Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which VP cell types shape VTA activity and drive behavior we found that both VP GABA and glutamate neurons were activated during approach to reward or by delivery of an aversive stimulus Stimulation of VP GABA neurons inhibited VTA GABA but activated dopamine and glutamate neurons stimulation-evoked activation was behavior-contingent such that VTA recruitment was inhibited when evoked by the subject’s own action VP glutamate neurons evoked dopamine in aversion-associated ventromedial nucleus accumbens (NAc) but reduced dopamine release in reward-associated dorsomedial NAc These findings show how heterogeneous VP projections to VTA can be engaged to shape approach and avoidance behaviors While these studies reveal that VP can profoundly shape reward processes we have only recently begun to appreciate the distinct functional roles of diverse VP cell types but viii) led to decreased DA release in dorsomedial NAc shell These data suggest a collaborative role for VP GABA and Glut neurons to titrate adaptive behavioral responses to salient stimuli Dysregulation of this balance may underlie deficits in reward-seeking and threat-avoidance behaviors associated with drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders Source data are provided as a Source Data file Defining bouts with longer ILIs led to larger increases in activity of both VP cell types (event z-score peak; RM one-way ANOVA; effect of ILI; GABA cells suggesting that VP activity is preferentially responsive to the initial approach to an appetitive stimulus and sensitive to the interval between consummatory bouts These findings suggest that activity in VP GABA but not Glut neurons encodes cues predictive of an aversive stimulus While VP GABA and Glut neurons may preferentially influence one or another VTA cell type this approach revealed considerable variability and no clear or significant differences this ex vivo approach has limited power to differentiate how activity in VP GABA or Glut neurons influences VTA cell types at the integrated circuit level in vivo We thus decided to conduct a series of in vivo experiments using optogenetic stimulation of VP while measuring calcium activity in VTA observing qualitatively similar effects whose magnitude varied with frequency or duration the stimulation-induced increase resulting from entrance into the active compartment was not sustained and instead returned near baseline prior to stimulation offset Together these results suggest that activating VP GABA neurons inhibits VTA GABA neurons but recruits activity in VTA DA and Glut neurons the recruitment of VTA DA and Glut neurons is less pronounced when the result is an expected consequence of the subjects’ own action (i.e. suggesting DA neurons did not in themselves encode the action of reward seeking or nosepoke initiation in this assay VP GABA neuron stimulation evoked DA release in both dmsh (Fig. 6A) and vmsh (Fig. 6B) and this occurred whether stimulation was delivered via ICSS the patterns of DA release measured using dLight in NAc were highly concordant with the patterns of calcium activity measured using GCaMP in VTA PPB evoked more DA release than did behavior-contingent stimulation by ICSS (stimulation peak z-score NAc dmsh; t-test DA release was sustained in response to prolonged (5 s) passive stimulation but peaked and then decayed when stimulation was behavior-contingent in the RTPP (peak z-score NAc dmsh; RM two-way ANOVA These data support the conclusion that when the reinforcer was an expected consequence of the subject’s action these results validate our findings using GCaMP recordings in VTA by using an independent measure of DA release and with pathway-specific stimulation of VP projections to VTA the dLight experiments demonstrate that activation of VP Glut neurons selectively suppresses DA release in reward-associated dorsomedial but enhances DA release in aversion-associated ventromedial NAc shell consistent with a role for VP Glut neurons driving behavioral avoidance it is of high importance to understand how VP activity shapes activity within downstream circuits these results suggest that VP GABA neurons respond to reward and their activity can drive reward seeking while VP Glut neurons respond to aversive stimuli and drive avoidance behavior then different modes of responding to such stimuli may predominate in different behavioral contexts or as subjects transition between states a result consistent with the slice electrophysiology data included in this manuscript But because such ex vivo assessments of functional connectivity obscure polysynaptic or state-dependent effects of VP activity in the presence of ongoing network activity we focused on an in vivo approach to investigate how VP GABA or Glut activity independently modulates activity of VTA cell types during behavior our experimental approach of stimulating VP cell types while recording from VTA cell types does not demonstrate that the effects of VP on VTA cell types are mediated solely by direct projections between these structures optogenetic manipulation of VP can induce a multitude of effects mediated through local VP collaterals and other regions that also regulate VTA activity while VP GABA and glutamate neurons have a prominent projection to VTA where they synapse directly on to diverse cell types polysynaptic circuit mechanisms through other brain regions are assuredly contributing to the effects we observed on VTA that we were able to observe very similar patterns whether stimulating VP cell bodies and recording VTA GCaMP signals or by stimulating VP terminals in VTA while recording NAc DA release does imply that direct projections from VP to VTA are sufficient to evoke the observed behavioral and physiological responses A AUC of ΔF/F (%) was calculated from VTA cell-type responses during 5 s passive stimulation of VP GABA and Glut neurons (5 s 40 Hz; 20 s ISI) and show opposite response patterns AUC of ΔF/F from VTA cell-type responses to 5 s VP GABA stimulation during the RTPP assay (including only entries preceded by at least 2 s in the inactive side followed by at least 5 s in active side) evokes smaller responses in VTA DA and Glut neurons (n = 5 mice for VP GABA – VTA DA and VP GABA – VTA GABA n = 6 mice for VP Glut – VTA DA and VP Glut – VTA GABA B Functional connectivity model by which VP GABA and glutamate neurons differentially recruit activity within VTA cell types Here we find that stimulation of VP GABA neurons at 5 or 10 Hz was also insufficient to inhibit VTA GABA neurons and did not support a sustained activation of VTA DA neurons or NAc DA release consistent with the lack of reward behavior in the RTPP and ICSS assays VP Glut neuron stimulation at lower frequencies did not support an increase in VTA DA neuron activity nor DA release in NAc vmsh consistent with the lack of avoidance behavior Future investigations could explore the presence of a similar peptide mechanism from VP GABA neurons and how such signals relate to reward pursuit or expectation VTA GABA neurons were similarly inhibited by VP GABA neurons whether stimulation was delivered by experimenter or self-administered by the subject VTA GABA neurons showed a prominent transient increase in activity in response to VP GABA neuron stimulation prior to sustained inhibition This transient activation began to ramp prior to an operant nosepoke and was present even without stimulation in PPB demonstrating that it can occur as a consequence of behavior independent of VP stimulation Yet the transient activation was also present with ‘unexpected’ passive stimulation but here initiation was delayed until after stimulation onset This transient increase in VTA GABA neuron activity was absent when delivered in a behavior-contingent manner during the RTPP; perhaps because the action of entering the ‘active’ chamber is temporally and contextually less precise Our data show a ramp in VTA GABA neuron activity prior to a nosepoke in expectation of a reward delivery (during ICSS and PPB) and a decrease in VTA DA and Glut responses when reward was the result of the animal’s action We thus hypothesize that operant actions in pursuit of reward recruit VTA GABA neurons and blunt VTA DA and Glut neuron responses to expected rewards Future work could test the generalizability of this hypothesis to other excitatory and inhibitory inputs or using natural reinforcers The results described above suggest that both VP GABA and Glut neurons can become activated in response to salient rewarding or aversive stimuli but drive markedly different responses in VTA cell types explaining how their activity can drive opponent approach and avoidance responses the ability of VP to modulate VTA neurons is potently modified by whether the animal is engaged in behaviors that lead to activation of VP perhaps due to microcircuit mechanisms local to VTA Dysregulation of VP activity is likely to contribute to maladaptive behaviors associated with compulsive reward-seeking common in drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders and VGAT-2A-FlpO-D knock-in mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory: Slc17a6tm2(cre)Lowl (RRID:IMSR_JAX:016963) Slc32a1tm2(cre)Lowl (RRID:IMSR_JAX:016962) Slc6a3tm1.1(cre)Bkmn (RRID:IMSR_JAX:006660) and Slc32a1tm1.1(flpo)Hze (RRID:IMSR_JAX:029591) The DAT-FlpO (Slc6a3em1(flpo)Hbat; RRID:IMSR_JAX:035436) mice were generously provided by Dr Mice were group-housed and maintained on a 12 h light-dark cycle (i.e. light cycle; 7am-7pm) with food and water available ad libitum unless noted Both male and female mice were included and all experiments were conducted during the light phase of the cycle Housing and procedure rooms were maintained at a temperature of ~21 C and humidity of ~50% Animals were on average 15-weeks old at the time of surgery and 28-weeks old by the end of the experiments When food-restricted for behavioral assays animals were offered food for 3 hr per day All protocols were approved by the University of California San Diego Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee mice ( > 6 weeks) were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane placed into a stereotaxic apparatus (Kopf) and 150-250 nL of AAV5-EF1α-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-mCherry (5.25 ×1012 GC/ml AAVDJ-EF1α -fDIO-hChR2-EYFP (2.19 ×1013 GC/ml Vigene production) or AAV5-EF1α-DIO-EYFP (6.5 ×1012 GC/ml UNC gene therapy center) were infused unilaterally into the left VP (ML = −1.45 DV = −5.3; mm relative to Bregma) using custom-made glass pipettes ( ~ 25um aperture diameter) and a Nanoject III (Harvard Apparatus) at a rate of 10 ul/s with 1-s pulse and 5-s inter-pulse interval Pipette was held in place for 5 min after injection 400-500 nL AAV5-hSyn-Flex-GCaMP6f (5.4 ×1012 GC/ml UC San Diego) or AAV5-CAG-dLight1.1 (8.1 ×1012 GC/ml RRID:Addgene_111067) were similarly infused unilaterally into the VP Following viral infusion mice were implanted with a 1.25mm-diameter ceramic ferrule 0.37 NA optic fiber (Hangzhou Newdoon Technology) at one of the following coordinates (in mm relative to Bregma): VP (LM = −1.4 DV = −4.0) for optogenetic stimulation; and/or with a 1.25mm-diameter metal ferrule Canada) at one of the following coordinates: VTA (LM = −0.5 Fibers were stabilized in place using dental cement (Lang dental) and secured by two skull screws (Plastics One) Animals were treated with Carprofen (5 mg/kg s.c.; Rimadyl) prior to and 24 hr after surgery Mice were allowed to recover from surgery ≥ 6 weeks before experiments began Mice were deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (200 mg/kg; i.p.; VetOne) and transcardially perfused with 10 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) followed by ~50 ml 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) at a rate of 5-6 ml/min and transferred to 30% sucrose in PBS for 48-72 hr at 4 °C Brains were flash frozen in isopentane and stored at −80 °C 30-µm coronal sections were cut using a cryostat (CM3050S Leica) and collected in PBS containing 0.01% sodium azide brain sections were gently rocked 3 ×5 min in PBS 3 ×5 min in PBS containing 0.2% triton X-100 (PBS-Tx) then blocked with 4% normal donkey serum (NDS) in PBS-Tx for 1 hr at room temperature (RT) Sections were incubated in one or more primary antibody: rabbit anti-GFP (1:2000; Molecular Probes Cat# A-11122 chicken anti-GFP (1:2000; Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A10262 rabbit anti-TH (1:2000; Millipore Cat# AB152 sheep anti-TH (1:2000; Pel-Freez Biologicals Cat# P60101-0 rat anti-substance P (1:400; Millipore Cat# MAB356 or rabbit anti-DsRed (1:2000; Takara Bio Cat# 632496 RRID:AB_10013483) in block at 4 °C overnight Sections were rinsed 3 ×10 min with PBS-Tx and incubated in appropriate donkey secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs) conjugated to Alexa488 Alexa594 or Alexa647 fluorescent dyes ( ~ 5 µg/ml) for 2 hr at RT: Donkey anti-rabbit alexa488 (711-545-152 RRID:AB_2492288),Donkey anti-sheep alexa647 (713-605-147 and coverslipped with Fluoromount-G mounting medium (Southern Biotech) containing DAPI (0.5 µg/ml; Roche) Histochemical characterization was performed on images acquired using a Zeiss AxioObserver Z1 widefield epifluorescence microscope (10×0.45 NA or 63×1.4 NA objective) and Zen blue software (ZEN Digital Imaging for Light Microscopy High-magnification display images were acquired with a Zeiss ApoTome 2.0 VP boundaries were defined using Substance P staining defined by areas containing cell bodies expressing the fluorescent reporter and optic fiber placements were mapped onto corresponding coronal sections in the Mouse Brain Atlas (Paxinos & Franklin 2001 version) using Adobe Illustrator (v.28.3) Mice were excluded when misplacement of one of the optic fibers (on top of NAc or VTA) was detected (number of animals excluded: 6 VGAT-Cre mice following free exploration of an empty two-sided apparatus during a 20-min pre-test session mice were confined in one or the other side with either a HFHS pellet or an inert object during 20-min conditioning sessions followed by a 20-min test session during which mice were able to freely explore the empty apparatus one last time Time spent in each compartment was recorded using video tracking software (ANY-maze A ~ 2 g-pellet of HFHS (rodent diet with 45 kcal% fat D12451; Research Diets) was placed in a corner of the side defined as ‘paired’ and a marble was placed in a corner of the side defined as ‘unpaired’ Mice were confined alternatively to both paired and unpaired sides during 2 20-min sessions over 4 days (1 session / day) The assignment of paired and unpaired sides was counter-balanced between animals Mice were habituated to HFHS food pellets in their home cage Mice were food-restricted to 90% of their basal body weight during the HFHS CPP protocol to incentivize HFHS value Mice were tethered with fiber photometry (FP) optic fiber (400um-core Canada) through a pigtailed rotary joint (DORIC) to allow animals free-range of movements during pre-test Paired and unpaired sessions were counter-balanced between animals Interactions with HFHS pellet and marble during conditioning sessions were manually recorded and time-locked with calcium events Time in each compartment during the test session was measured as in the pre-test and time spent in the paired compartment was compared between the pre-test and test (delta time (test – pre-test) = 190.8 + /− 60.9 s) either for all licks or only licks with the specified minimal and maximal inter-lick interval (ILI; 1 to 2 s Lack of data for one or more ILI bins resulted in the exclusion of 1 VGAT-Cre and 2 VGLUT2-Cre mice from ILI analysis Food-restricted and FP patch cord-tethered mice previously habituated to both regular 20-mg precision dustless pellets (F0071; Bio-Serv) and chocolate-flavored pellets (F05301; Bio-Serv) were presented alternately with chocolate-flavored pellets and regular pellets coated with a 30 mM quinine solution in a plastic disposable cage (Innovive) during a single 15-min session Two to three pellets of one type were presented at a time Once all were consumed or once the animal stopped approaching them for longer than 2 min Each type of pellet was presented alternatively until the end of the 15-min session Events were registered to calcium activity and scored as different types: grab-eat (consumption) grab-reject (pellet grabbed and displaced by the animal) Events were time-locked to calcium activity FP patch cord-tethered mice were placed in an operant chamber for 5-min habituation followed by delivery of ten 500-ms electric shock of 0.6 mA at VI 60 s (45-75 s) Each shock was directly preceded by a 5-s auditory cue at 90 dB and 3 KHz Mice underwent 2 conditioning sessions on two successive days followed by an extinction session during which mice were placed in the same chamber and ten 5-s cues were delivered but no longer followed by shock Cues and shock were time-locked to calcium events mice were tethered to a 62.5-µm laser patch cable (custom-made) through an optical commutator (DORIC) and placed on the border between two adjoining (20 × 20 cm) homogenous gray compartments Time spent in each compartment was recorded using video tracking software (Any-maze) No stimulation was delivered on the pre-test day one side was designated active and entry to the active side triggered a TTL-controlled laser (473-nm DPSS laser Shanghai laser) to deliver 10 mW (80 mW/mm2 at 200-µm fiber tip) pulses at 40 Hz with a 10-ms pulse width controlled by ANY-maze interface for as long as the animal remained in the active side Sessions lasted for 20 min and the amount of time spent in each compartment A 7-day protocol was used consisting of a pre-test day and 2 days of ‘switch’ (stimulation on side B) followed by 1 day of test coupled with fiber photometry recording (side A) and 1 day of ‘switch’ coupled with fiber photometry recording (side B) On fiber photometry recording days (day 6 & 7) mice were tethered to both a laser patch cord and a FP patch cord connected to independent rotary joints or optical commutators Food-restricted mice were tethered with a laser patch cord and placed in operant chambers The chamber contained two photobeam-equipped ports which were each baited at the start of each session with a 20-mg precision dustless pellet (Bio-Serv nosepokes on the active head-port led to: a 1-s tone (2 kHz) LED cue lights over the head-ports blinked off for 1 s 473-nm laser stimulation controlled by Arduino (Arduino UNO Nosepokes that occurred during the 1-s timeout period of laser stimulation were recorded but were without effect Inactive nosepokes led to identical tone and cue light effects but did not trigger the laser Mice were trained over 3 consecutive days to associate a nosepoke in the active head-port with stimulation mice were connected to both laser patch cord and FP patch cord and placed back in the same operant chamber to record fluorescence in VTA or NAc while animals self-stimulated VP or VP terminals in VTA increasing durations of timeout (TO) periods were tested (1 TO and availability of the next stimulation were signaled by the LED cue lights over the head-ports turning off for the duration of the TO period For VP Glut neuron or terminal stimulation only one day of recording was performed with a 20-s timeout period The temporal pattern of stimulation delivered during each individual subject”s ICSS assay (20-s timeout) was extracted and Med-PC code was programmed to replay this pattern of laser stimulation during a PPB session nosepokes in either head-port still triggered a 1-s tone with cue lights blinking off for 20 s but nosepoke in the active head-port no longer triggered laser mice received stimulation via passive playback Stimulation was not signaled by any cues in this protocol An additional PPB session was performed the following day (not shown) with head-ports no longer available and PPB stimulation signaled by the simultaneous delivery of a 1-s tone Calcium and DA signals were recorded as in previous conditions Animals were placed in a plastic disposable cage (Innovive CA) and tethered to both laser and FP patch cables for 7 to 14-min sessions testing a maximum of 4 parameters per session Stimulation parameters tested were: frequency (5 When testing different frequencies and durations stimulation was set to 40 Hz and 1 s duration Laser stimulation was controlled by ANY-maze interface GCaMP7f or dLight1.1 were excited by amplitude modulated signals from two light-emitting diodes (465- and 405-nm isosbestic control DORIC) reflected off dichroic mirrors (6-port minicube DORIC) and coupled into a single FP optic fiber (400um-core Sensor signals and isosbestic control emissions were returned through the same optic fiber and acquired using a femtowatt photoreceiver (Newport) and recorded by a real-time signal processor (RZ5P Behavioral and event timestamps were digitized in Synapse software (Tucker Davis Technologies) by TTL inputs from Med-PC Power of light used for imaging (<0.2 mW) is ~2 orders of magnitude less than used for laser stimulation (10 mW) and the distance between the brain sites of stimulation and calcium or DA imaging was >3.5 mm Peak (as well as max and min) z-score histograms were generated in GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Prism v6.01 Adult mice (7–12 weeks) were deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital (200 mg/kg i.p.; Virbac) and perfused intracardially with 10 ml ice-cold sucrose-based ACSF containing the following (in mM): 75 sucrose and continuously bubbled with carbogen (95% O2 − 5% CO2) and 200 μm coronal slices were cut in sucrose-ACSF using a Vibratome (vt1200S Slices were then transferred to a perfusion chamber containing ACSF at 31 °C (in mM) as follows: 126 NaCl slices were transferred to a recording chamber continuously perfused with ACSF (2–3 ml/min) and maintained at 29–31 °C using an inline heater Patch pipettes (3.5–5.5 MΩ) were pulled from borosilicate glass (King Precision Glass) and filled with internal recording solution containing the following (in mM): 120 CsCH3SO3 0.1% Lucifer yellow (Sigma) was added to the internal recording solution mCherry-labeled terminals were visualized by epifluorescence and visually guided patch recordings were made from VTA cells using infrared-differential interference contrast illumination (Axiocam MRm ChR2 was activated by flashing blue light using a light-emitting diode (UHP-LED460 EPSCs were recorded at −70 mV of holding in whole-cell voltage clamp (Multiclamp 700B amplifier) digitized at 10 kHz (Digidata 1550) and collected on-line using Clampex 10.6 software (Molecular Devices) Series resistance and capacitance were electronically compensated before recordings Estimated liquid-junction potential was 12 mV and left uncorrected Series resistance was monitored and cells that showed >25% change in current baseline during recordings were discarded single-pulse (5 ms) photostimuli were applied every 55 s and 10 photo-evoked currents were averaged per neuron per condition; current sizes were calculated by using peak amplitude from baseline photostimuli trains (5 s) were delivered every 45 s and 3 responses averaged per neuron Action potential frequency was averaged over the 1 or 5 s before DMSO containing DNQX (Sigma) was diluted 1000-fold in ACSF and bath applied at final concentration of 10 μM and representative traces were analyzed and extracted using Clampfit software v10.4.2 (Molecular Devices) To assess whether the recorded VTA neurons were dopaminergic we performed post hoc immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on 200-μm slices used for whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology Slices were postfixed with 4% PFA overnight and then washed three times (5 min) in PBS three times (5 min) in PBS containing 0.2% Triton X-100 (PBS-Tx) and blocked in PBS-Tx containing 4% normal donkey serum (NDS) for 1 hr at room temperature Free-floating slices were then incubated in primary antibody against TH (rabbit anti-TH Sections were washed again three times (10 min) in blocking solution (PBS-Tx) and incubated with secondary antibody (donkey anti-rabbit conjugated to Alexa-647 fluorescent dye Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories) for 24 h at 4 °C Slices were rinsed three times (10 min) with PBS and mounted onto slides with Fluoromount-G mounting medium (Southern Biotech) ± DAPI (Roche Images were acquired using a Zeiss Axio Observer equipped with ApoTome and visualized using Zeiss Zen software (Zeiss) Images acquired during recording and post-immunostaining were compared to validate the location of the recorded cell Lucifer yellow cells were identified by their yellow fluorescence and were considered TH+ if fully overlapping with alexa-647 signal Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article Source data are provided with this paper Custom-written MATLAB basic codes for FP analysis are available on github at https://github.com/lauren-faget/VPtoVTA_FP Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat Organization of the output of the ventral striatopallidal system in the rat: ventral pallidal efferents Ventral striatopallidothalamic projection: IV relative involvements of neurochemically distinct subterritories in the ventral pallidum and adjacent parts of the rostroventral forebrain From motivation to action: functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system Disgust sensitivity predicts the insula and pallidal response to pictures of disgusting foods Ventral pallidum roles in reward and motivation The ventral pallidum: subregion-specific functional anatomy and roles in motivated behaviors Ventral pallidal coding of a learned taste aversion Saga, Y. et al. Ventral Pallidum Encodes Contextual Information and Controls Aversive Behaviors. Cereb Cortex https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw107 (2016) Ventral pallidum self-stimulation: a moveable electrode mapping study Blockade of GABAA receptors in the medial ventral pallidum elicits feeding in satiated rats Manipulation of GABA in the ventral pallidum Where does damage lead to enhanced food aversion: the ventral pallidum/substantia innominata or lateral hypothalamus Ventral pallidal representation of pavlovian cues and reward: population and rate codes Ventral pallidum firing codes hedonic reward: when a bad taste turns good The ventral pallidum and hedonic reward: neurochemical maps of sucrose “liking” and food intake Rapid phasic activity of ventral pallidal neurons during cocaine self-administration Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and learning signals in brain reward circuitry Slow phasic and tonic activity of ventral pallidal neurons during cocaine self-administration Ventral pallidum neurons encode incentive value and promote cue-elicited instrumental actions Reward activity in ventral pallidum tracks satiety-sensitive preference and drives choice behavior Ventral pallidum output pathways in context-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking The ventral pallidum and relapse in alcohol seeking Loss of Plasticity in the D2-Accumbens Pallidal Pathway Promotes Cocaine Seeking Ventral pallidum is the primary target for accumbens D1 projections driving cocaine seeking Optogenetic evidence that pallidal projections from the nucleus accumbens core are necessary for reinstating cocaine seeking Cocaine dysregulates opioid gating of GABA neurotransmission in the ventral pallidum Convergence of reinforcing and anhedonic cocaine effects in the ventral pallidum Ventral pallidum DRD3 potentiates a pallido-habenular circuit driving accumbal dopamine release and cocaine seeking Electrophysiological properties of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in the ventral pallidal region of the nucleus basalis in rat brain slices The rostral subcommissural ventral pallidum is a mix of ventral pallidal neurons and neurons from adjacent areas: an electrophysiological study Glutamatergic afferents of the ventral tegmental area in the rat Opponent control of behavioral reinforcement by inhibitory and excitatory projections from the ventral pallidum Glutamatergic ventral pallidal neurons modulate activity of the Habenula-Tegmental circuitry and constrain reward seeking Opposing contributions of GABAergic and glutamatergic ventral pallidal neurons to motivational behaviors Whole-brain reconstruction of neurons in the ventral pallidum reveals diverse projection patterns Somatostatin neurons in the basal forebrain promote high-calorie food intake Projection-specific potentiation of ventral pallidal glutamatergic outputs after abstinence from cocaine Cocaine dysregulates dynorphin modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission in the ventral pallidum in a cell-type-specific manner Ventral pallidum cellular and pathway specificity in drug seeking Opposing regulation of cocaine seeking by glutamate and GABA neurons in the ventral pallidum Complementary roles for ventral pallidum cell types and their projections in relapse Distinct subpopulations of nucleus accumbens dynorphin neurons drive aversion and reward A neural circuit mechanism for encoding aversive stimuli in the mesolimbic dopamine system Ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons co-release GABA and promote positive reinforcement VTA glutamate neuron activity drives positive reinforcement absent dopamine co-release Mesoaccumbal glutamate neurons drive reward via glutamate release but aversion via dopamine co-release Arithmetic and local circuitry underlying dopamine prediction errors Classification of midbrain dopamine neurons using single-cell gene expression profiling approaches Mapping projections of molecularly defined dopamine neuron subtypes using intersectional genetic approaches Selective brain distribution and distinctive synaptic architecture of dual glutamatergic-GABAergic Neurons Glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area Reward and aversion in a heterogeneous midbrain dopamine system Multiple dopamine systems: weal and woe of dopamine Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding Encoding of aversion by dopamine and the nucleus accumbens Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors Distributed and mixed information in monosynaptic inputs to dopamine neurons A quantitative reward prediction error signal in the ventral pallidum Impulsive and compulsive behaviors can be induced by opposite GABAergic dysfunctions inside the primate ventral pallidum Designer receptors show role for ventral pallidum input to ventral tegmental area in cocaine seeking Ventral pallidum is essential for cocaine relapse after voluntary abstinence in rats Afferent modulation of dopamine neuron firing differentially regulates tonic and phasic dopamine transmission Salience processing by glutamatergic neurons in the ventral pallidum Coordinated ramping of dorsal striatal pathways preceding food approach and consumption Fiber photometry in striatum reflects primarily nonsomatic changes in calcium Afferent inputs to neurotransmitter-defined cell types in the ventral tegmental area Anatomic resolution of neurotransmitter-specific projections to the VTA reveals diversity of GABAergic inputs Projection-specific modulation of dopamine neuron synapses by aversive and rewarding stimuli State-specific gating of salient cues by midbrain dopaminergic input to basal amygdala Neural activity in the ventral pallidum encodes variation in the incentive value of a reward cue Dynamic mesolimbic dopamine signaling during action sequence learning and expectation violation Dissociable dopamine dynamics for learning and motivation Neural signals of extinction in the inhibitory microcircuit of the ventral midbrain Distinct signaling by ventral tegmental area glutamate and combinatorial glutamate-GABA Neurons in motivated behavior Activity of a direct VTA to ventral pallidum GABA pathway encodes unconditioned reward value and sustains motivation for reward Neuron-type-specific signals for reward and punishment in the ventral tegmental area Responses of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons to brain stimulation reward A neural substrate of prediction and reward Dopamine prediction errors in reward learning and addiction: from theory to neural circuitry updated: reward prediction error and beyond Nigrostriatal dopamine signals sequence-specific action-outcome prediction errors Accumbal dopamine release tracks the expectation of dopamine neuron-mediated reinforcement Dissociation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens from intracranial self-stimulation Circuit coordination of opposing neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signals Decoding neural circuits that control compulsive sucrose seeking Projections from the rat prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area: target specificity in the synaptic associations with mesoaccumbens and mesocortical neurons Periaqueductal gray afferents synapse onto dopamine and GABA neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area Convergent processing of both positive and negative motivational signals by the VTA dopamine neuronal populations Multiphasic temporal dynamics in responses of midbrain dopamine neurons to appetitive and aversive stimuli Inhibitory input from the lateral hypothalamus to the ventral tegmental area disinhibits dopamine neurons and promotes behavioral activation Rebound from Inhibition: self-correction against Neurodegeneration Independent neuronal oscillators of the rat globus pallidus Rebound bursts following inhibition: how dopamine modifies firing pattern in subthalamic neurons Causal role for the subthalamic nucleus in interrupting behavior Intact-brain analyses reveal distinct information carried by SNc dopamine subcircuits Download references Lim (UCSD) for providing the fDIO-GCAMP7f virus This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R21MH118748 and the Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Health Systems (I01BX005782 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and T.S.H.; Writing - review and editing: L.F. The authors declare no competing interests Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48340-y Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science By Karen Dybis | October 23 and design manager for a metalsmith company Maghan Oroszi (pictured) learned this about art: It is never done She uses that knowledge daily in her newest role, as CEO of fine jewelry brand Mignon Faget. The brand is a New Orleans institution that’s been around more than half a century of work but it embraces imperfection and individuality in the jewelry it makes and it’s process that gives richness to the finished piece,” she says “It’s about exploration and understanding and rethinking and reworking.” her work at Mignon Faget and throughout her life has always come back to architectural ideals of form and function Fine jewelry has to function: Does it wear well so it adorns the body in an aesthetically pleasing way Oroszi remembers wanting to be an architect from a very early age She was drawn to the profession because it’s one where you know how something is made layer by layer “I always loved how things were made and putting things together I was 10 when my parents bought a grill and I begged them to let me put it together,” Oroszi says Her path to New Orleans and Mignon Faget was long and circuitous In 1993 she enrolled in the Rhode Island School of Design Though she made it only one year at RISD because of its cost the lessons she learned there have been among the most critical ones in her career She moved to New Orleans in 1995 to attend the more cost-effective Tulane University. During some semesters, she worked instead of taking classes, and she ended up leaving school for a full-time position with jewelry-maker Bernard K. Passman “All the ad said was they were looking for jewelers ‘I’m an artisan,’ because I was doing everything then—photography “they showed me this gold cat with pavé diamonds sitting on a black coral pillow and asked was to make a single pair of earrings over and over until they were “perfect.” It was grueling work and not particularly glamorous Passman’s studio was damaged when Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005 and he decided to move the business to Miami but after a couple of years decided she had to make a change she moved to upstate New York to be near family and answered another vague newspaper ad—this one was looking for a 3D modeler Oroszi showed up for the interview and was asked if she could make a hawk sculpture in bronze. She got the job at Fine Architectural Metalsmiths and learned how to make the hawk and many other things out of metal from hand-modeling to using sculpting computer programs She’d need a job in New Orleans to help pay for school and ultimately the job preempted her finishing her degree: Oroszi sent her résumé to Mignon Faget—and the rest She was hired as a design and research assistant and later held such posts as special projects manager and chief operations officer on her way to CEO Now Oroszi wants to ensure the brand has the chops to expand nationally and internationally and her company is an iconic New Orleans brand,” she says One hundred years—it could be that company.” By Karen Dybis | September 09 New Orleans–based fine jewelry brand Mignon Faget celebrates its history and looks toward a new era with excitement as it debuts its latest collection, Legacy “Mignon has been the face of the brand for so long symbolizing Mignon Faget when she was out and about in New Orleans and serving as the public relations person for us,” says Oroszi who has worked for the company since 2010 and was mentored by Faget “Legacy is about shifting that responsibility to the brand It’s about people finding Mignon Faget the jewelry versus the person.” Faget has been known for her natural forms that highlight leaves and flowers as well architectural nods to her hometown of New Orleans While the brand will always emphasize Faget’s original designs Oroszi says she and her team develop will develop new ideas She also is looking to expand the customer base internationally and do more advertising and marketing Legacy’s rings, earrings, ear cuffs, bracelets, and necklaces are available in sterling silver or 14k gold. Prices start at $105 for silver ear studs and go as high as $27,708 for the Era collar necklace in gold But the new collection has its own aesthetic The images used to show off Legacy jewels are striking as well featuring women of all ages as they create their own legacies Seeing mature women in jewelry marketing is refreshing for the industry highlighting the self-purchasing woman at all stages of life Mignon Faget’s 55th anniversary year will also mark the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina a major event for a company whose heritage is so tied to New Orleans’ All Mignon Faget jewelry pays homage to the pride and rebirth that the city and its residents experienced in the wake of the hurricane’s devastation Top: Mignon Faget’s latest collection, Legacy, includes the Era chain link necklace By Karen Dybis | June 17 As Mignon Faget looks to expand worldwide its CEO says the New Orleans–based fine jewelry brand’s evolution from regional player comes with excitement and confidence that its jewelry will be well received we’re navigating new waters,” says Maghan Oroszi who became CEO earlier this year after company founder Mignon Faget retired but we also want to make sure that we stay rooted in the culture of New Orleans and we know our culture has value outside of this region.” The company takes local icons and honors them through jewelry—for the recently released summer collection The tropical leaves of the banana tree shade many of the city’s pathways “You can’t get away from the banana leaves in New Orleans—yards are overtaken by them,” she says “The new collection comes in part from a banana leaf pin Mignon herself designed long ago and we came back to revisit We wanted to go back and see what else we could do with it.” The Banana Leaf collection is at once whimsical and refined. The cuff bracelet (above) looks like the wearer picked a leaf off the tree and wrapped it elegantly around her wrist letting its purity—and any imperfections by Mother Nature—shine and bronze (the latter so it’s affordable for all the brand’s collectors) The company also will add layering pieces for those who want a daintier look in addition to the jewelry it has long been known for who’s been with the company for 14 years “We’ve definitely always been bold, and we’re going to continue to lean into that,” she says. “When Mignon started the brand 54 years ago and we still have the in-house ability to do that it is a mix of 3D modeling and wax as appropriate We’re careful to do everything in a way that keeps it sculptural like Mignon did.” Carrying on Faget’s vision and her love for the city should help the brand connect with future customers “A lot of people think of New Orleans as a party city We want to show that it is a place that also knows how to celebrate in an elevated way That’s our culture—a celebration of life,” she says “New Orleanians live every day to the fullest the members of KORN recall writing the song "Faget" at a house on Orange Street in Huntington Beach had just joined the group after quitting his previous job as a professional embalmer at a funeral home KORN guitarist Brian "Head" Welch says: "[Jonathan] moved in with us and I remember sitting in the room he rented I had my guitar in there and I wrote the riff We just came up with the song 'Faget' right then and there Davis added: "That song I wrote about being picked on as a kid I was a very feminine dude" who used to wear makeup and loved DURAN DURAN but people liked to assume that I was gay and call me 'f****t.'" KORN bassist Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu said: "['Faget'] is just 'fuck you motherfuckers' [laughs] to all these people who teased us KORN officially announced the details of a fall North American tour on which the band will perform its self-titled 1994 debut album in its entirety at every stop The trek kicks off on October 1 in Chicago winding down a month later on October 30 in Oakland Davis told The Pulse Of Radio not long ago how he thinks KORN has changed in the more than two decades since they recorded their debut And which I loved — I don't regret it one bit But now I think where we're at 20 years later I think it's more about making music and impacting people's lives and helping people." Guitarist James "Munky" Shaffer told Loudwire how it felt to revisit the material from the band's first album saying: "You can tell we were just kids and we were developing uncovering and polishing a sound that we didn’t know was going to take off so much." KORN's self-titled debut was released on October 11 It went on to sell more than 10 million copies worldwide and featured the band's first classic The album is credited with launching the nu-metal movement of the 1990s setting the template for albums from bands like DEFTONES Described as more of a rebirth than a rebrand, Mignon Faget has evolved into a brand that is more than a provincial jewelry collection – and their new look signifies just that Mignon Faget has left no stone unturned when deciding which direction to take their brand into As we plan for our next 50 years we want to signal our growth and aspirations for the company Our new logo honors our history and looks towards our future the new rebranding was also formed over time through the luxury jewelry market and the evolution of their own Collector base The new branding consists of a completely new look from their logo and monogram to their brand colors While many businesses experience a logo update or color change in its lifetime Updating an over 50-year-old logo is a huge step into the future and the growth for the company Chief Operating and Creative Officer for Mignon Faget "In conceptualizing our new branding we looked to our founder Our past and future are the vision of a fifth generation New Orleanian; a pioneer in female entrepreneurship She forged a business that has prospered for over fifty years we want to signal our growth and aspirations for the company unable to completely break-up with tradition keeping a touch of "Mignon Red" to highlight the past and where they came from Mignon Faget has no intention of changing how they serve their collectors and community Proud to call New Orleans home and excited to launch alongside the city into the future Mignon Faget is ready to bring their unique designs into the next chapter of its life Do not sell or share my personal information: This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page HomeNews  Benz Faget Takes Aim at 4th U.S WAYZATA, Minn. (Sept. 24, 2018) — The 63rd U.S. Adult Sailing Championship begins Wednesday at the Wayzata Yacht Club with three-time winner Benz Faget (Metairie La.) looking to tie the record for most victories in the legendary a champion sailor across a number of different classes If he were to succeed among the 11 teams competing this week he’ll equal the record for victories by a skipper representing the Gulf Yachting Association will be racing with regular bowman Randall Richmond (New Orleans we’ve done a lot of sailing against each other through the years,” said Faget It’s normally a well-challenged championship It was 20-something years ago when I won the first one Even if Faget wins the championship Young will remain a step ahead Young also won the Mallory Trophy twice as a crew (1979 The Mallory Trophy, a magnificent sterling silver tureen trophy, has a long and colorful history that dates to the Battle of the Nile in 1798 Racing for the Mallory Trophy was first held in 1952 as the U.S Since then it has become a more open and inclusive regatta allowing female skippers and all-female crews Peele Sportsmanship Trophy also will be presented to the skipper or crew who is selected by the competitors as best exhibiting the traits of true sportsmanship Eleven teams representing their Regional Sailing Association (RSA) have entered from across the country Teams qualified by competing at a high level in their respective RSA qualifying events or by submitting a resume The 35 sailors hail from 12 states and racing will be held in the 22-foot long J/22 sloop The championship regatta will be hosted by the Wayzata Yacht Club in Wayzata Wayzata Yacht Club is a community sailing center for adult and youth sailboat racing programs and has been nationally recognized for its leadership and growth of a preeminent innovative regional sailboat racing community Adult Sailing Championship is just the latest feather in the club’s collective cap “The Wayzata Yacht Club organizing committee is very excited about hosting the U.S Adult Sailing Championship and recognizes the importance of the historic Mallory Cup,” said Odell Tuttle Communications Chairman for the Wayzata Yacht Club “The whole club is looking forward to welcoming sailors from around the country to explore the waters of Lake Minnetonka as well as our local area.” The fleet includes a mix of past champions and local sailors Faget and Southern Massachusetts Sailing Association representative Paul Wilson (New York N.Y.) have combined to win the championship four times who’ll be representing the Southern Massachusetts Sailing Association “I expect extremely challenging conditions with shifty winds and physically grueling short courses,” said the 49-year-old Wilson “The talent at the finals is off the charts so it should be one heck of a championship.” Local sailors include Michael Hanson (Wayzata who’ll skipper the crew representing the Inland Lake Yachting Association and Hawaii Yacht Racing Association skipper Maddy Kennedy (Honolulu Kennedy grew up in Wayzata before moving to Honolulu to attend the University of Hawaii came up through the Lake Minnetonka sailing school and Minnetonka Yacht Club,” said 28-year-old Hanson “It’s cool getting folks from around the country up to Wayzata The club is one of the best racing clubs in the country Besides having to contend with a competitive fleet the conditions are transitioning from warm summer winds to chilly winter breezes The air temperature could well be cold on the lake that has a water temperature around 65 degrees Fahrenheit “It’s going to be chilly and I’m getting old I’ll probably be the oldest skipper there,” said Faget “There’ll be good sailors there and you have to respect the competition For results, standings, photos, real-time updates on Twitter, and more information from the 2018 U.S. Adult Sailing Championship, please visit the event website Participate in the conversation this week on Twitter and other social media channels using – #MalloryTrophy18 Adult Sailing Championship is sponsored by Gill Website feedback? We want to hear from you! Guy remembers hearing his dad talk about the new invention he was working on Like us on Facebook (@lsuengineering) or follow us on Twitter and Instagram (@lsuengineering).​      ehaydel1@lsu.edu LSU College of EngineeringPatrick F LA 70803Telephone: 225-578-4630Fax: 225-578-9162 Copyright Louisiana State University With over 50 years of timeless jewelry designs the iconic New Orleans brand pushes forward in changing times 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The story of Mignon Faget's latest Spring Collection is an inspiring shift into the new direction Mignon Faget is entering within the world of jewelry Mignon Faget jewelry continues to evolve and is a catalyst for stories Blending three generations of women into Mignon Faget's Spring Catalog narrative lets us dive into the past and future personalities of a Mignon Faget Collector The longtime Collector is a strong and vibrant woman who has passed down her love for Mf The present-day Collector is a woman confident in her worth comfortable with being forceful and feminine we now watch as the latest additions bloom in tandem with the vines lining New Orleans' streets and houses Mignon Faget's own blossoming story and resurgence is evident in their latest Collections and resonating tagline Mignon Faget is preparing to withstand the test of time Metrics details The ventral pallidum (VP) lies at the interface between sensory and cognitive processing—with a particular role in mounting behavioral responses to rewards glutamate neurons were recently identified though their relative abundances and respective roles are unknown we show that VP glutamate neurons are concentrated in the rostral ventromedial VP and project to qualitatively similar targets as do VP GABA neurons we used optogenetics to show that activity in VP GABA neurons can drive positive reinforcement particularly through projections to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) activation of VP glutamate neurons leads to behavioral avoidance particularly through projections to the lateral habenula These findings highlight cell-type and projection-target specific roles for VP neurons in behavioral reinforcement dysregulation of which could contribute to the emergence of negative symptoms associated with drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disease But it remains unknown whether VP glutamate neurons functionally cooperate with or oppose VP GABA projections in reward processes we first sought to better define the anatomical location and molecular phenotype of excitatory VGLUT2+ VP cells Then using cell type-specific viral approaches we compared the projection targets and synaptic connectivity of these neurons in relation to GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in the VP we optogenetically manipulated VP glutamate versus GABA cells to demonstrate that these cell types can play functionally opponent roles in the control of motivated behavior Based on their projection patterns and greater abundance we hypothesized that stimulation of VP GABA neurons would promote reward seeking while stimulation of VP glutamate neurons may oppose this both cell types might support reward behaviors suggesting that the LHb Fos induced by VP GABA neuron activation was also polysynaptic Inhibition of VP GABA but not glutamate neurons induce place avoidance a Expression of Halo:YFP (green) in VP GABA neurons Counterstaining with SP (purple) and DAPI (blue); OF optic fiber track; ac anterior commissure b 1-s light pulse inhibits firing of VP GABA neuron; scale = 20 mV Inset shows photocurrent from Halo:YFP-expressing VP GABA neuron in response to 5-ms pulse of green light; scale = 4 pA c Mice avoid the compartment paired with bilateral inhibition of VP GABA neurons in the RTPP (n = 5 YFP d Expression of Halo:YFP (green) in VP glutamate neurons e 1-s light pulse inhibits firing of VP glutamate neuron; scale = 20 mV Inset shows hyperpolarizing photocurrent from Halo:YFP-expressing VP glutamate neuron in response to 5-ms pulse of light; scale = 20 pA f Bilateral inhibition of VGLUT2+ VP cells did not induce preference or avoidance in the RTPP (n = 5 YFP Image scale bars = 500 µm (left panels) and 100 µm (right panels); *p < 0.05 Since VGLUT2+ cell body stimulation did not support ICSS and VTA terminals led to avoidance in RTPP The VP may thus represent one node within an ensemble of lateral hypothalamic and basal forebrain nuclei that serve to orchestrate motivation and appetitive behavior High-frequency stimulation at the level of projection target recapitulated behaviors when stimulating glutamate terminals in the LHb and VTA These data are consistent with our anatomical data and strongly support the hypothesis that VP glutamate inputs to LHb and VP GABA inputs to VTA drive much of the avoidance and appetitive behaviors we can’t exclude the possibility that optogenetic activation of VP terminals antidromically activates VP neurons that project elsewhere Though our observation that VP neurons rarely collateralize to both LHb and VTA mitigates this concern optogenetic stimulation of VP projections to LHb and VTA may also activate nearby or passing fibers in the mediodorsal thalamus or to the PPTg Future experiments using intersectional genetic approaches may provide additional insight we used a unique approach to simultaneously label glutamate and GABA projections in the same VP region of the same animal allowing us to compare the density of their relative input to key target structures we observed that VP glutamate neurons more heavily and extensively innervate LHb while the GABA neurons more heavily innervate VTA indicating that the LHb may be specialized to this form of co-transmission we described the location of glutamate cells and their relative abundance throughout the rostro-caudal axis of the VP with a dense cluster of cells located in the VPvm We showed that glutamate and GABA cells project to qualitatively similar targets but to different functional effect we revealed that both excitatory and inhibitory VP cells can drive motivated behavior Fine tuning of these inhibitory–excitatory signaling pathways could be critical for normal hedonic and motivational processes Future investigation should focus on modifications occurring at the level of VP neuron types in the neuropathology associated with drug addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders Mice were group housed and maintained on a 12 h light-dark cycle (i.e. light cycle; 7 am–7 pm) with food and water available ad libitum unless noted Both male and female mice between 6 and 14-weeks old were included and all experiments were conducted during the light phase of the cycle Fibers were stabilized in place using dental cement (Lang dental) secured by two skull screws (Plastics One) Animals were treated with analgesic Carprofen (Pfizer 5 mg/kg s.c.) prior to and the day after surgery Mice were monitored daily and allowed to recover from surgery >3 weeks prior to subsequent behavioral or physiological assays Mice were deeply anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine (Pfizer 2 mg/kg i.p.) and transcardially perfused with 10 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) followed by ~50 ml 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) at a rate of 5–6 ml/min and transferred to 30% sucrose in PBS for >48 h at 4 °C Brains were frozen in isopentane and stored at −80 °C For virus expression and optic fiber implant site verification 30-µm coronal cryo-sections were cut using a cryostat (CM3050S brain sections were gently rocked 3 × 5 min in PBS 3 × 5 min in PBS containing 0.2% Triton X-100 (PBS-Tx) and blocked with 4% normal donkey serum (NDS) in PBS-Tx for 1 h at room temperature (RT) Sections were then incubated in one or more primary antibody: rabbit anti-GFP 1:400; Millipore AB1778; mouse anti-calbindin Millipore ABN90 in block at 4 °C overnight Sections were rinsed 3 × 10 min with PBS-Tx and incubated in appropriate secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch) conjugated to Dylight405 Alexa594 or Alexa647 fluorescent dyes (5 µg/ml) for 2 h at RT and coverslipped with Fluoromount-G mounting medium (Southern Biotech) ± DAPI (Roche VGLUT2-EGFP mice were killed by cervical dislocation and fresh brains were extracted and frozen in isopentane before storage at −80 °C Twenty-micrometer coronal cryo-sections were cut using a cryostat (CM3050S Leica) and placed directly onto superfrost slides (Thermo scientific) before air-tight storage at −80 °C In situ hybridizations were performed using the RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent Assay (advanced cell diagnostics) and Slc32a1 (VGAT; ref 319191) probes were couples to alexa 488 DAPI was used to label nuclei and identify cells bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) or NAc or when misplacement of the optic fiber was detected Cell counting was conducted manually using the NDP viewer for Nanozoomer 2 HT images and/or the cell counter plugin of ImageJ for Zeiss AxioObserver images on one 30-µm section every 150 µm along the rostral caudal extent of the VP from Bregma +1.34 to −0.22 mm C-fos counting in the VTA and LHb was performed manually by a blinded experimenter on four 30-µm sections per brain from Bregma −1.34 to −1.94 mm (LHb) and −3.16 to −3.8 mm (VTA) GFP and Slc32a1 mRNA positive-cells was done on apotome-illumination ×63 magnification z-stack images sampled in the VP of brain sections from Bregma +0.38 and +0.26 mm DAPI counterstain was used to define cells Cells were defined as positive for a certain mRNA presence when presenting at least four clear fluorescent puncta surrounding DAPI staining Prior to the first day of testing mice were food-restricted overnight and subsequently provided restricted access for 3 h daily at the end of each session to facilitate behavioral responding the ferrule was connected to a 50-µm optical patch cable through an optical commutator (Doric Lenses Canada) and mice were placed in operant chambers (Med associates) controlled by MedPC IV software The start of the 60-min session (or 30-min session when noted) was signaled by a brief tone (2 kHz 0.5 s) and illumination of overhead house light and LED cue lights over the nosepoke holes The chamber contained two photobeam-equipped nosepoke holes which were each baited at the start of each session with a sucrose pellet (Bio-Serv Beam-breaks on the active nosepoke led to: a 0.5 s tone the LED cue lights over the nosepokes turned off for 2 s and the activation of a TTL-controlled DPSS laser (473 nm Shanghai or OEM laser) set to deliver 10 mW (80 × mW/mm2 at 200 µm fiber tip) pulses at 40 Hz (1 s) with a 10-ms pulse width controlled by Master-8 (A.M.P.I.) or Arduino stimulus generators Nosepokes that occurred during the 2 s light off were recorded but without effect Laser power was measured using a digital power meter (Thorlabs PM100D/S121C) Active and inactive nosepokes were switched on a fourth testing day to assess for potential side bias Fos expression was measured following two different protocols Mice were placed in operant chambers for a 30-min ICSS protocol as previously described or a passive stimulation protocol in which nosepokes did not trigger any stimulation but where animals received 1-s stim every 5 s for a total of 360 stim in 30 min This pattern of stimulation was selected to compare the average number of stim mice would work for in 30 min transcardially perfused with PFA 4% and brain extracted 90 min after beginning of the experiment Mice were food restricted and tethered to the patch cable as described for the ICSS task and conditions were used but a five-nosepoke bar (Med Associates) was inserted in place of the two nosepoke holes Each of five-nosepoke holes led to a 1-s stimulation but each were assigned a variable frequency (0 All other parameters were as described in the ICSS procedure On pre-test day mice were placed on the border between two adjoining white (20 × 20 cm) and black (20 × 20 cm) compartments with different floorings (large vs different odors beneath the floorings (cloves vs Pre-test was followed by a 3 day-conditioning phase during which animals were confined in one or the other compartment for 20 min One compartment was assigned as the stimulation-associated side and the other as the non-stimulation-associated side to equilibrate the average time spent in each compartment in all groups during pre-test Mice were tethered as described above during conditioning sessions 10-mw stimulation throughout the 20-min session Stimulation and non-stimulation sessions were randomized between morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) Post-test was performed on day 5 identical to pre-test Time in each compartment was measured as previously and time spent in the stimulation-associated compartment was compared between pre-test and post-test Adult mice (6–12 weeks) were deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital (200 mg/kg i.p.; Virbac) and perfused intracardially with 10 ml ice-cold sucrose-artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) containing (in mM): 75 sucrose; 87 NaCl 25 NaHCO3 and continuously bubbled with carbogen (95% O2–5% CO2) Brains were extracted and 200-μm coronal slices were cut in sucrose-ACSF using a Leica Vibratome (vt1200) Slices were transferred to a perfusion chamber containing ACSF at 31 °C (in mM): 126 NaCl slices were transferred to a recording chamber continuously perfused with ACSF (1–3 ml/min) Patch pipettes (3.5–6.5 MΩ) were pulled from borosilicate glass (King Precision Glass) and filled with internal recording solution containing (in mM): 120 CsCH3SO3 For current-clamp recordings of ChR2 spike fidelity and eNpHR3.0 inhibition experiments potassium-based recording solution was used (in mM): 123 CH3KO3S mCherry-labeled VP neurons and terminals were visualized by epifluorescence and visually guided patch recordings were made using infrared-differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) illumination (Axiocam MRm ChR2 was activated by flashing blue light (473 nm; 5-ms pulse width to trigger post-synaptic currents in whole cell applied at 40 Hz pulse train for 5 s in cell-attached recordings) through the light path of the microscope using an ultrahigh-powered light-emitting diode (LED460) (Prizmatix) under computer control Excitatory/inhibitory post-synaptic currents (E/IPSCs) were recorded in whole-cell voltage clamp Action potentials were recorded in whole-cell current clamp (I = 0) or cell-attached modes (Multiclamp 700B amplifier and collected on-line using pClamp 10 software (molecular device) Series resistance and capacitance were electronically compensated prior to recordings Series resistance and/or leak current were monitored and cells that showed >25% change during recordings were defined as unstable and discarded Neurons were held in voltage-clamp at −65 mV to record AMPAR EPSCs and at 0 mV to record GABAAR IPSCs in whole-cell configuration single-pulse (5 ms) photostimuli were applied every 45 s and 10 photo-evoked currents were averaged per neuron per condition photostimuli trains were delivered every 60 s and three responses averaged per neuron where action potential frequency was averaged over the 5 s before action potentials were counted for every single pulse over the 1 or 5 s of stimulation eNpHR3.0 was activated by flashing green light (532 nm): 5-ms pulse width to record single-inhibitory currents and 1-s pulse width during a 3-s positive current injection step to elicit neuronal firing blockade DMSO stock solutions of drugs were diluted 1000-fold in ACSF and bath applied at the following concentrations: DNQX (10 μM Current sizes were calculated by using peak amplitude from baseline The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its supplementary information files Relative involvements of neurochemically distinct subterritories in the ventral pallidum and adjacent parts of the rostroventral forebrain Ventral pallidum encodes contextual information and controls aversive behaviors The ventral pallidum plays a role in mediating cocaine and heroin self-administration in the rat Two transpallidal pathways originating in the rat nucleus accumbens Ventral striatopallidal parts of the basal ganglia in the rat: I Neurochemical compartmentation as reflected by the distributions of neurotensin and substance P immunoreactivity Differential roles of ventral pallidum subregions during cocaine self-administration behaviors The neural encoding of cocaine-induced devaluation in the ventral pallidum Evidence for anatomical specificity for the reinforcing effects of SP in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis Regional reward differences within the ventral pallidum are revealed by microinjections of a mu opiate receptor agonist Vglut2 afferents to the medial prefrontal and primary somatosensory cortices: a combined retrograde tracing in situ hybridization study [corrected] Opioid modulation of ventral pallidal afferents to ventral tegmental area neurons Distribution and intrinsic membrane properties of basal forebrain GABAergic and parvalbumin neurons in the mouse Distinct ventral pallidal neural populations mediate separate symptoms of depression Cell type-specific long-range connections of basal forebrain circuit Distinct neuronal populations in the basal forebrain encode motivational salience and movement Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area Activation of lateral habenula inputs to the ventral midbrain promotes behavioral avoidance Divergent activation of ventromedial and ventrolateral dopamine systems in animal models of amphetamine sensitization and schizophrenia Cocaine disinhibits dopamine neurons by potentiation of GABA transmission in the ventral tegmental area Distinct extended amygdala circuits for divergent motivational states Visualizing hypothalamic network dynamics for appetitive and consummatory behaviors Feeding and reward are differentially induced by activating GABAergic lateral hypothalamic projections to VTA Basal forebrain projections to the lateral habenula modulate aggression reward GABA neurons of the VTA drive conditioned place aversion Phasic firing in dopaminergic neurons is sufficient for behavioral conditioning Electrical stimulation of the lateral habenula produces an inhibitory effect on sucrose self-administration Rewarding effects of optical stimulation of ventral tegmental area glutamatergic neurons Intrinsic membrane properties and cholinergic modulation of mouse basal forebrain glutamatergic neurons in vitro Amygdaloid self-stimulation: a movable electrode mapping study modulation and role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervating the cerebral cortex Impact of basal forebrain cholinergic inputs on basolateral amygdala neurons Shifted pallidal co-release of GABA and glutamate in habenula drives cocaine withdrawal and relapse GABA/glutamate co-release controls habenula output and is modified by antidepressant treatment Single rodent mesohabenular axons release glutamate and GABA Lateral hypothalamic area glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the lateral habenula regulate feeding and reward Leptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neurons Vesicular glutamate transport promotes dopamine storage and glutamate corelease in vivo Green fluorescent protein expression and colocalization with calretinin and somatostatin in the GAD67-GFP knock-in mouse Activation of pedunculopontine glutamate neurons is reinforcing Construction of implantable optical fibers for long-term optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits The dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of the anatomy and functions of the habenular complex Sources of input to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus and lateral habenula compared: a study in rat Download references This work was supported by funds from: NIH-R01DA036612 (T.S.H.) the Brain Research Foundation NARSAD 2014 YIG (L.F.) T32MH018399 (A.M.) and NIDA-INSERM postdoctoral fellowship program (V.Z.) Jinyi Duan and Michelle Tran for technical assistance Mark Geyer for valuable guidance and discussions We thank the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core Facility of the Salk Institute (with funding from NIH-NCI CCSG: P30 014195 NINDS Neuroscience Core Grant: NS072031 and the Waitt Foundation) and the UCSD Neuroscience Microscopy Shared Facility (Grant P30 NS047101) Lim for providing the Synaptophysin:GFP virus The authors declare no financial conflicts of interest Lauren Faget and Vivien Zell contributed equally to this work Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System performed the stereotactic surgeries and behavioral experiments; L.F and cell counting with assistance from E.S. performed the electrophysiological recordings contributed to the establishment of experimental platforms contributed to the preparation of the manuscript The authors declare no competing financial interests Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03125-y The Weekly Injection: New Releases From PROPAGANDHI The Weekly Injection: New Releases From GHOST MACHINE HEAD & More Out This Week 4/25 The Weekly Injection: New Releases From MELVINS BLACKWATER HOLYLIGHT & More Out This Week 4/18 The Weekly Injection: New Releases From EPICA THE MARS VOLTA & More Out This Week 4/11 The Weekly Injection: New Releases from ALLEGAEON FULL OF HELL Grinds Hard On New Single "Broken Sword HEALTH & CHELSEA WOLFE Team Up For Collaborative New Single "Mean" PRIMUS Recruits MAYNARD JAMES KEENAN For New Single "Little Lord Fentanyl" DRY KILL LOGIC Comes Back With New Single "Now You Belong With The Dead" WITCHCRAFT Stays Doomed On New Single "Spirit" 10 Modern Metal Artists You Need To Catch At Sonic Temple 2025 10 Butt Rock Anthems That Actually Kinda Rule LARCENIA ROE Names The Top Five Most Brutal Album Covers 10 Black Albums By Bands That Aren't Metallica 10 Greatest Nü-Metal Performances of All Time PARADISE LOST's New Record Is Done Being Recorded METALLICA Announces Massive Load Reissue Feat The Extended Version Of "The Outlaw Torn" Two Major Rock & Metal Names Appeared In Google's Year In Search 2024 Roundup Man Arrested For Getting Too Drunk & Resisting Arrest At A HAWTHORNE HEIGHTS Show In Disney Important: Here's CARCASS Partying To "Feliz Navidad" On Stage CRADLE OF FILTH's Jesus Shirt Is Still Making Crybabies Mad When We Were Young Festival Merch Riddled With Typos Interview: From Dystopian Thrash To Existential Cosmic Horror – How CRYPTOSIS Expanded Their Sound With Celestial Death Interview: ARCH ENEMY's MICHAEL AMOTT On Evolution & Pushing Boundaries With Blood Dynasty Inside IMPERIAL TRIUMPHANT's "More Forgiving More Palatable Avant-Death Experience" Goldstar POWERWOLF's MATTHEW GREYWOLF Discusses The Band's New Album North American Tour & Historical Figures In Their Music MAX CAVALERA Sets The Record Straight On A SEPULTURA Reunion His Future Plans & Much More With Metal Injection MUNICIPAL WASTE & FULCI Announce US Tour SUFFOCATION Announces Headlining Dates Around CARNIFEX Tour PARADISE LOST & MESSA Announces European Tour Dates HIGH ON FIRE & NECROT Announce European Tour DANCE GAVIN DANCE Announces Full Lineup For Their Swanfest Jonathan Davis explains his inspiration for the controversial song Enter your information below to get a daily update with all of our headlines and receive The Orchard Metal newsletter He'll join the team to investigate the Glen Tavern Inn Metrics details Cellular senescence plays a critical role in tumorigenesis Once thought of as a tissue culture artefact by some researchers Although there are common molecular mechanisms that enforce the growth arrest that characterizes the phenotype the impact of senescence is varied and can It has become clearer that the cell of origin and the tissue in question dictate the impact of senescence on tumorigenesis we unravel this complexity by focusing on how senescence impacts tumorigenesis when it arises within incipient tumour cells versus stromal cells and how these roles can change in different stages of disease progression we highlight the diversity of the senescent phenotype and its functional output beyond growth arrest: the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) a number of new genetic and pharmacologic tools have been developed that are now allowing the senescence phenotype to be parsed further Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout which represses Cdkn2a (p19(ARF)) and is amplified in a subset of human breast cancers PML regulates p53 acetylation and premature senescence induced by oncogenic Ras Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a Senescent fibroblasts promote epithelial cell growth and tumorigenesis: a link between cancer and aging This is the first study to have shown that senescence can be pro-tumorigenic Programmed cell senescence during mammalian embryonic development Senescence is a developmental mechanism that contributes to embryonic growth and patterning An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer Two-step senescence-focused cancer therapies Cellular senescence: the sought or the unwanted DNA damage is able to induce senescence in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts Epigenetic stress responses induce muscle stem-cell ageing by Hoxa9 developmental signals Molecular analysis of H2O2-induced senescent-like growth arrest in normal human fibroblasts: p53 and Rb control G1 arrest but not cell replication Increased organization of cytoskeleton accompanying the aging of human fibroblasts in vitro Rb-mediated heterochromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence Lamin B1 loss is a senescence-associated biomarker The gene expression program of prostate fibroblast senescence modulates neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation through paracrine mechanisms A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo Loss of lamin B1 is a biomarker to quantify cellular senescence in photoaged skin Lamin B1 fluctuations have differential effects on cellular proliferation and senescence Senescence-associated reprogramming promotes cancer stemness Cooperative effect of antisense-Rb and antisense-p53 oligomers on the extension of life span in human diploid fibroblasts Reversal of human cellular senescence: roles of the p53 and p16 pathways p38MAPK is a novel DNA damage response-independent regulator of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype This reference highlights the important role of p38MAPK in SASP regulation Cell surface-bound IL-1alpha is an upstream regulator of the senescence-associated IL-6/IL-8 cytokine network A complex secretory program orchestrated by the inflammasome controls paracrine senescence This study demonstrates that SASP can act in a paracrine fashion to spread senescence Chemokine signaling via the CXCR2 receptor reinforces senescence This study shows that senescent cells activate a self-amplifying secretory network reinforcing growth arrest Tumor suppression at the mouse INK4a locus mediated by the alternative reading frame product p19ARF Oncogene-induced senescence relayed by an interleukin-dependent inflammatory network Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas This study demonstrates that the induction of senescence in tumour cells can trigger immune-mediated clearance Biological characteristics and genetic heterogeneity between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and their paired normal fibroblasts in human breast cancer The DNA damage response induces inflammation and senescence by inhibiting autophagy of GATA4 Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor Control of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by NF-κB promotes senescence and enhances chemosensitivity Tumor suppressor and aging biomarker p16(INK4a) induces cellular senescence without the associated inflammatory secretory phenotype mTOR regulates MAPKAPK2 translation to control the senescence-associated secretory phenotype MTOR regulates the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype by promoting IL1A translation References 47 and 48 demonstrate that the mTOR–MK2 pathway plays an important role in SASP regulation Analysis of individual cells identifies cell-to-cell variability following induction of cellular senescence Unmasking transcriptional heterogeneity in senescent cells This study summarizes several SASP expression datasets and demonstrates that SASP expression can be quite unique in different scenarios Mitochondrial dysfunction induces senescence with a distinct secretory phenotype Unbiased analysis of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to identify common components following different genotoxic stresses c-Myb and C/EBPbeta regulate OPN and other senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors NOTCH1 mediates a switch between two distinct secretomes during senescence Enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in Pten-deficient prostate tumors by activating the senescence-associated antitumor immunity Innate immune sensing of cytosolic chromatin fragments through cGAS promotes senescence Downregulation of cytoplasmic DNases is implicated in cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and SASP in senescent cells L1 drives IFN in senescent cells and promotes age-associated inflammation The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus prevents and treats Emu–Myc lymphoma by restoring oncogene-induced senescence MacroH2A1 and ATM play opposing roles in paracrine senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype J accumulates in senescent cells and promotes inflammatory gene expression Chromatin remodeling underlies the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of tumor stromal fibroblasts that supports cancer progression SIRT1 suppresses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype through epigenetic gene regulation Regulation of cellular senescence by polycomb chromatin modifiers through distinct DNA damage- and histone methylation-dependent pathways MLL1 is essential for the senescence-associated secretory phenotype p53-dependent release of Alarmin HMGB1 is a central mediator of senescent phenotypes HMGB2 orchestrates the chromatin landscape of senescence-associated secretory phenotype gene loci BRD4 connects enhancer remodeling to senescence immune surveillance Epigenetic mechanisms of longevity and aging Epigenetic basis of cellular senescence and its implications in aging Senescent vascular smooth muscle cells drive inflammation through an interleukin-1alpha-dependent senescence-associated secretory phenotype A senescent cell bystander effect: senescence-induced senescence The senescent bystander effect is caused by ROS-activated NF-κB signalling CD4+ T cells contribute to the remodeling of the microenvironment required for sustained tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation T-Helper-1-cell cytokines drive cancer into senescence Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases Oncogenic RAS-induced senescence in human primary thyrocytes: molecular effectors and inflammatory secretome involved Cellular senescence promotes adverse effects of chemotherapy and cancer relapse This study shows that therapy-induced senescence increases metastasis and relapse Molecular link between liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma Senescence of activated stellate cells limits liver fibrosis NKG2D ligands mediate immunosurveillance of senescent cells Non-cell-autonomous tumor suppression by p53 p53-dependent chemokine production by senescent tumor cells supports NKG2D-dependent tumor elimination by natural killer cells ATM-ATR-dependent up-regulation of DNAM-1 and NKG2D ligands on multiple myeloma cells by therapeutic agents results in enhanced NK-cell susceptibility and is associated with a senescent phenotype NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity contributes to tumor control by a cytostatic drug combination Immune response to RB1-regulated senescence limits radiation-induced osteosarcoma formation Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development Distinct functions of senescence-associated immune responses in liver tumor surveillance and tumor progression Gut microbiota promotes obesity-associated liver cancer through PGE2-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity Aging and the rise of somatic cancer-associated mutations in normal tissues Tumour-infiltrating Gr-1+ myeloid cells antagonize senescence in cancer Oncogene-induced senescence as an initial barrier in lymphoma development BRAFE600-associated senescence-like cell cycle arrest of human naevi Tumour biology: senescence in premalignant tumours The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan This study demonstrates that the systemic deletion of senescent cells results in reduced spontaneous tumour formation Senescent fibroblasts promote neoplastic transformation of partially transformed ovarian epithelial cells in a three-dimensional model of early stage ovarian cancer A role for fibroblasts in mediating the effects of tobacco-induced epithelial cell growth and invasion IL-6 promotes malignant growth of skin SCCs by regulating a network of autocrine and paracrine cytokines Growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells relies upon coordinate autocrine expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 IL-6 secreted from senescent mesenchymal stem cells promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells IL-6 promotes prostate tumorigenesis and progression through autocrine cross-activation of IGF-IR JAK1 activates STAT3 activity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells and IL-6 neutralizing antibodies can suppress JAK1-STAT3 signaling A growth-related oncogene/CXC chemokine receptor 2 autocrine loop contributes to cellular proliferation in esophageal cancer Senescent stromal-derived osteopontin promotes preneoplastic cell growth Osteopontin stimulates preneoplastic cellular proliferation through activation of the MAPK pathway Stromal senescence by prolonged CDK4/6 inhibition potentiates tumor growth Senescent human fibroblasts increase the early growth of xenograft tumors via matrix metalloproteinase secretion Senescence-associated secretory phenotype contributes to pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by primary human fibroblasts at senescence Stromal expression of connective tissue growth factor promotes angiogenesis and prostate cancer tumorigenesis Senescence-associated IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines induce a self- and cross-reinforced senescence/inflammatory milieu strengthening tumorigenic capabilities in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line Therapy-induced cellular senescence induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increases invasiveness in rectal cancer SASP mediates chemoresistance and tumor-initiating-activity of mesothelioma cells Senescent stromal cells induce cancer cell migration via inhibition of RhoA/ROCK/myosin-based cell contractility Senescent fibroblast-derived Chemerin promotes squamous cell carcinoma migration New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression Cellular mechanisms for low-dose ionizing radiation-induced perturbation of the breast tissue microenvironment Radiation-induced increase in invasive potential of human pancreatic cancer cells and its blockade by a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Senescent fibroblasts enhance early skin carcinogenic events via a paracrine MMP-PAR-1 axis Remodeling of the collagen matrix in aging skin promotes melanoma metastasis and affects immune cell motility Constitutive HER2 signaling promotes breast cancer metastasis through cellular senescence Senescent tumor cells lead the collective invasion in thyroid cancer Stromal-initiated changes in the bone promote metastatic niche development This study demonstrates that senescent cells are sufficient to create a pre-metastatic niche in the bone increasing breast cancer metastasis in the bone Endothelial Notch1 activity facilitates metastasis Characteristics and significance of the pre-metastatic niche sFRP2 in the aged microenvironment drives melanoma metastasis and therapy resistance Treatment-induced damage to the tumor microenvironment promotes prostate cancer therapy resistance through WNT16B SFRP2 augments WNT16B signaling to promote therapeutic resistance in the damaged tumor microenvironment DNA damage-mediated induction of a chemoresistant niche This study demonstrates that senescent endothelial cells create a chemoprotective niche by secreting IL-6 A senescence secretory switch mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation controls chemoprotective endothelial secretory responses Targeting cancer stem cells to overcome chemoresistance Tissue damage and senescence provide critical signals for cellular reprogramming in vivo and drug resistance: the mechanistic link and clinical implications Senescence-associated secretory phenotype favors the emergence of cancer stem-like cells Dual CDK4/CDK6 inhibition induces cell-cycle arrest and senescence in neuroblastoma Induction of therapeutic senescence in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma by extended inhibition of CDK4/6 CDK4/6 inhibition triggers anti-tumour immunity p53-mediated senescence impairs the apoptotic response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in breast cancer Targeting aurora kinases limits tumour growth through DNA damage-mediated senescence and blockade of NF-κB impairs this drug-induced senescence Connecting the dots: therapy-induced senescence and a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells restores tissue homeostasis in response to chemotoxicity and aging This study demonstrates that the elimination of senescent cells with a peptide that disrupts p53–FOXO4 interactions can reduce the negative morbidities associated with chemotherapy targeting the Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic factors Clearance of senescent cells by ABT263 rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells in mice The Achilles’ heel of senescent cells: from transcriptome to senolytic drugs Metformin — mode of action and clinical implications for diabetes and cancer Metformin inhibits the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by interfering with IKK/NF-κB activation Inhibition of the stromal p38MAPK/MK2 pathway limits breast cancer metastases and chemotherapy-induced bone loss Rapamycin inhibits the secretory phenotype of senescent cells by a Nrf2-independent mechanism Impact of senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its potential as a therapeutic target for senescence-associated diseases Breast cancer survivorship: a comprehensive review of long-term medical issues and lifestyle recommendations The ageing immune system: is it ever too old to become young again Age-associated declines in immune system development and function: causes Age-dependent dysregulation of innate immunity Aging reduces the functionality of anti-pneumococcal antibodies and the killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by neutrophil phagocytosis Natural killer cell function is altered during the primary response of aged mice to influenza infection Characterization of age-related changes in natural killer cells during primary influenza infection in mice TAMeless traitors: macrophages in cancer progression and metastasis Download references The work was supported in part by the US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity from the awarding and administrating acquisition office at 820 Chandler Street Fort Detrick MD 21702-5014; by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Breast Cancer Research Program under Award W81XWH-16-1-0728; and by the US National Institutes of Health conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Department of Defense These authors contributed equally: Douglas V All authors contributed to discussing the content of the manuscript writing the manuscript and reviewing/editing the manuscript before submission Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Tumour cells at an initial malignant stage Proteins secreted by senescent cells that act in a paracrine fashion Drugs that specifically target and induce death in senescent cells Senescence induced following overexpression of oncogenes Acidic ßGal activity found in senescent cells Senescence induced by anticancer therapeutics Senescence induced following sequential rounds of cellular division Immature myeloid cells that specifically inhibit natural killer and CD8+ T cell killing Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-019-0156-2 Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Cancer newsletter — what matters in cancer research 2015 -- It all begins with a phone call this Friday when I am the on-duty photographer for AFP in Paris My editor tells me that shots had been in Paris’s 10th arrondissement My colleague Kenzo Tribouillard and I are among the first photographers to get to the scene Confusion and panic reigns all around the Place de la Republique All around you can feel blind fear and panic of the unknown All of the sudden I am pushed by the police along with a group of passersby into a restaurant The police have received orders to get everyone out of danger and they don't want to hear anything from me I spend a good half hour stuck in the basement of this restaurant before I manage to finally negotiate my liberty The police are extremely tense and try to dissuade me from leaving I take some photos of the Republique and the surroundings to illustrate the panic that's reigning there Both rescuers and passersby are running in all directions In the meantime I’ve gotten some more information on what’s happening in Paris that night I learn that there is a deadly hostage-taking underway at the Bataclan concert hall A police line is blocking access to the scene I choose a place near the theater where I can see nearly everything and I decide to stay there -- if I move I risk either missing something or being thrown out of the area So I stay there for the next five or six hours taking pictures of those who manage to escape Over the past few days I’ve heard a lot of people speak of “scenes of war,” of “a situation of war,” of “war medicine.” But you have to put things in perspective we witnessed a series of terrorist attacks in Paris the worst attacks the French capital has seen since the liberation in World War II War -- like what I covered in Lebanon, in Chad and more recently in eastern Ukraine -- is to live in daily fear of death It’s to watch people falling around you every day from bullets or shells that rain down on entire cities It’s to have dead bodies lying on the street because people are too scared to go outside to take them away War is when -- at any moment -- you risk finding yourself at the mercy of an isolated shooter or lunatic those who run around without restraint in most of the world’s conflict zones War is when you can’t count on the police to ensure security when you see thousands of refugees on the roads ‘War medicine’ is when you have to amputate in a hurry an extremity that in normal circumstances would have been saved The Islamic State group has declared war on us It’s a war in the political sense of the term lots of people can be tempted to use this word to describe the situation in Paris on November 13 the police and rescue services can do their work evacuate the dead so that they’re not abandoned in the street for days A rose with a sign reading "in the name of what?" is stuck in a bullet hole of a restaurant that was hit by the attackers Even in the heat of the night on November 13 most of the bistros and restaurants were open and in the rest of the city the situation was totally normal We photographers often witness scenes that are very emotional and are constantly afraid that you will be targeted So as tragic as the Paris attacks may have been War would be if such bloodbaths would occur every day for weeks No doubt those who have caused this tragedy wish just that Dominique Faget is an AFP photographer based in Paris Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a leading global news agency providing fast comprehensive and verified coverage of the events shaping our world and of the issues affecting our daily lives Drawing from an unparalleled news gathering network across 151 countries AFP is also a world leader in digital verification With 2,400 staff representing 100 different nationalities with a unique quality of multimedia storytelling spanning video Her Seafood Gumbo recipe was on the packaging for the china that Mignon Faget designed for the 1984 Louisiana World Exhibition Mignon Faget released this Anniversary Amulet The Rebirth Pin was released right after Hurricane Katrina to raise restoration funds The back side of the In Gratitude amulet is engraved with the Latin phrase "X annos" (ten years) to commemorate 10 years since Hurricane Katrina New "In Gratitude" Amulet released for the tenth anniversary of Hurricane Katrina After Hurricane Katrina, Mignon Faget was one of many New Orleans area businesses that produced a special item to commemorate the event and raise money for the city's recovery. (One of the first was Abita Beer.) For the 10th anniversary of the devastating storm, she has another commemorative piece. It's called "In Gratitude," to recognize the recovery help New Orleans received from around the world The design is a circle connected to a larger circle "It's inspired by a Tibetan symbol of gratitude," Faget said who notes that the design also calls to mind the symbol of a hurricane "It has the same feeling" as the Anniversary Amulet she created a year after Katrina a stylized hurricane symbol within a circle the two items raised more than $239,000 for the Louisiana Cultural Economy Foundation The new In Gratitude Amulet is available as a charm it has what its designer calls a serene quality The back of the amulet is engraved with "In Gratitude" and "X annos," Latin for "ten years." This time, a portion of sales will be donated to Tulane University's Newcomb Art Gallery and the Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research. Mignon Faget -- In Gratitude from Tulane University on Vimeo The design also is etched on clear double old-fashioned glasses Faget is celebrating 45 years of her business, and she has often used Louisiana symbols in her work, especially food, such as a Lucky Dog necklace; a multi-strand Gumbo necklace; charms shaped like okra, chile peppers, red beans, fishes and seafood, and the Frozen Charlotte doll from a king cake A few years ago, at the suggestion of a municipal worker who wanted one for his wife, she created the snowball pendant "Food is so distinctive and so loved here," Faget said "People come here because of the food; they move here because of the food It's one of the things that bring us together." Faget said she learned to cook because she had to. When she was first married, she and her husband lived in an upstairs apartment behind the Beauregard-Keyes House in the French Quarter Francis Parkinson Keyes, author of the 1948 bestseller "Dinner at Antoine's," was still in residence and young Mignon invited her to a dinner party Faget rolled her eyes a bit at the folly of her youth She carefully planned her menu and went to the fish market at the French Market they were out of turtle for her turtle soup The fishmonger finally dressed the turtle for her; when he wrapped it in paper for her to take home The soup was accompanied by redfish courtbouillion. Her author guest "was quite the grand dame," Faget said "When she came up the spiral staircase to our apartment (Keyes) said Mignon Faget's heirloom gumbo recipe was printed on the boxes for the Gumbo China she designed for the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition. The recipe came from her mother, via The Picayune Creole Cookbook It is the rare instance of a roux made with butter although the dish also includes a bit of oil Note that it says the okra should be "no bigger than your ring finger." This is a summer recipe to be made when fresh okra is small and tender 3 pounds medium (20/30 count) Louisiana Gulf shrimp 1 stick butter (plus 2 tablespoons if needed) Louisiana hot cooked white rice for serving Place shrimp heads and shells in a large pot and cover with water Simmer over low heat for 45 minutes; do not boil Strain through cheesecloth or a fine mesh strainer heavy-bottomed pot and cook on medium heat until juices begin to release chopped jalapeno and sliced okra and cook about 3 minutes more Turn heat to medium-low and slowly add flour while stirring constantly Continue stirring over low heat until the mixture becomes golden brown lower the heat and add 2 tablespoons more butter.) return the ham-vegetable mixture to the pot along with reserved stock then reduce heat and simmer for 40 minutes add shrimp and crab claws and cook until shrimp is opaque stir in crabmeat and remove gumbo from the heat Serve over Louisiana-grown white rice with salt and pepper to taste Food editor Judy Walker can be reached at jwalker@nola.com. Follow her on Twitter and Instagram (@JudyWalkerCooks) and Facebook (JudyWalkerCooks) the hub for food and dining coverage in New Orleans News Tips:nolanewstips@theadvocate.com Other questions:subscriberservices@theadvocate.com Your browser is out of date and potentially vulnerable to security risks.We recommend switching to one of the following browsers: With several locations throughout the region Mignon Faget sells locally inspired jewelry The history of Mignon Faget glassware goes back to the 1984 World’s Fair The iconic jewelry designer created a keepsake drinking glass with an embossed crawfish called “Gulf Stream” for the Louisiana World Exposition That first design has grown into a glassware line that has been gifted by city mayors to visiting dignitaries There are more than 30 designs available today Imprinted with symbols of New Orleans and Louisiana rocks glasses and champagne flutes are now staples at local home bar carts The line is continually expanding with more designs reflecting the city — oysters The signature Fleur de Lis design anchors the line “Mignon has done a number of tabletop items including bowls and plates but since New Orleans has such a drinking culture the glasses are both attractive and useful year-round,” says Maghan Oroszi chief operating and creative officer for Mignon Faget “We have experimented with different glass shapes over the years and the rocks glass is still the number one seller although the stemless wine glasses are right on its heels.”  Oroszi says an in-house design team works closely with Mignon Faget to create new designs which can come out seasonally or in limited edition releases for a specific New Orleans celebration A new design over the past year was a nod to what became known as Porch Fest when residents stayed home to celebrate Jazz Fest and listen to previous sets on WWOZ 90.7 FM when the festival was canceled due to COVID-19 The colorful Porch Fest glassware depicts New Orleans homes and porches with flags and lawn chairs “It’s our most popular design this year; we can’t keep them in stock,” Oroszi says “That’s part of Mignon Faget’s place in the community We really connect to the culture and what’s going on in the city.”  Another Covid-era design depicted Mardi Gras house floats a tribute to when residents decorated their homes during a Carnival without float parades The Mignon Faget store at 4300 Magazine St hiring members of the Krewe of Red Beans to decorate the store to look like a Mardi Gras float Mignon Faget has expanded its reach beyond New Orleans to Baton Rouge obtaining a Louisiana State University product license to create Tigers-themed glassware the production of design in glassware has improved with new technology use a newer technique in which the images are digitally printed and fired onto the glasses spring and summer collections and there are lots of opportunities throughout the year to create something new if there is an event happening,” Oroszi says Some glassware designs coordinate with the release of a new Mignon Faget jewelry line and sometimes the team will custom design a glass for special occasions like designing a 50th anniversary glass for famed New Orleans restaurant Pascal’s Manale “Different mayors have requested custom glasses to host dignitaries and to give as local gifts that represent the city,” Oroszi says mayors have commissioned us to do a custom design and they are functional and easy to care for.”  Glassware is available at Mignon Faget store locations and online at mignonfaget.com This story appeared in the December 2021 special section, Details. Check out the digital edition here #inregister The name Mignon Faget has come to represent iconic Louisiana jewelry Faget was actually an up-and-coming clothing designer in New Orleans when she decided to create a few coastal-inspired accessories to go with her collection her bold and organic jewelry shapes have sparked a new exhibition at the West Baton Rouge Museum skirts and vests in leather and suede before she designed jewelry in sterling silver,” says museum historian Ferin Jones “The first sterling silver design was taken from a sand dollar which originated from a conversation between museum exhibits coordinator/registrar Lauren Hawthorne and co-curator Nolde Alexius features more than 80 pieces of Mignon Faget jewelry from 27 series created between 1970 and 2019 Visitors will see rare pieces cast in silver and gold from forms including seashells Among the most notable items on display are an Armament Cycas pin and a Beast of Knowledge pin from the Romanesque Return series “Mignon has described New Orleans as layered rich and standing apart from the mainstream,” Jones says “When her designs were first enjoying national representation she decided to establish her business in her hometown rather than leave for New York City or San Francisco built environment and natural world of New Orleans An opening reception for the exhibition will take place at 6 p.m “‘The Collectible Life of Mignon Faget’ is unique for its focus on personal collections of Mignon Faget jewelry,” Jones says “showcasing not only her artistry but also her collectors’ curation of it.” westbatonrougemuseum.org Mignon Faget poses in 1990 with a necklace that was inspired by the arch at the Howard Memorial Library Taylor Library and an event space for the Ogden Museum Inspired by the brick work on the Howard Memorial Museum Mignon Faget designed these cuff links for Errol Barron who was overseeing the restoration of the building this Sterling Silver Sand Dollar Necklace is on loan to the exhibit from the collection of Aza Downs Bowlin Mignon Faget's Romanesque Return collection includes pieces like this sterling silver and vermeil Beast of Knowledge Pin which was inspired by the architecture of a New Orleans library From Mignon Faget's Romanesque Return series are these Acanthus Beaded and Engaged Column Bangles from Charlot P Melinda Waller Mangham loaned her collection of 10 brooches designed by Mignon Faget to the exhibit Mignon Faget's Romanesque Return Bowtell Necklace of freshwater pearls and sterling silver is from Abigail Voelker's collection Mignon Faget's sterling silver Twist Bow Pin is from the collection of Sarah Kramer Mignon Faget's Maize and Pearl Collar from her Zea series is from the collection of Clara Wise Wolf Mignon Faget's Sea Large Moonsnail Necklace of sterling silver turquoise pebble and coral is from Abigail Voelker's collection The West Baton Rouge Museum is telling the story of Mignon Faget's artistry and career in a different way Instead of focusing on a chronological timeline the exhibit looks at the New Orleans jewelry designer's work through her collectors' collections "The Collectible Life of Mignon Faget," which runs through Jan features more than 80 pieces from lovers of her jewelry in Baton Rouge has crafted more than 70 series of jewelry The show includes pieces from about 27 of those collections "Louisiana designs are inspired by the architecture nature and traditions of our unique culture." Guest curator Nolde Alexius said the exhibit is set up to feature personal collections with some of the display cases showing one person's collection and others telling Faget's story "We have these kind of double narratives in the exhibit — the narrative of Mignon and her career and her creativity and artistry and discipline but also the narrative of a personal collection as represented by her designs," said Alexius The Collectible Life of Mignon Faget at WBR Museum 1 And it means something to Faget for people to love her work "Mignon said she designs jewelry for people who don't think of jewelry in terms of categories but see that jewelry plays a lot of different roles in our lives," Alexius said "Just as the materials Mignon uses — the gold and silver — make the jewelry valuable inherently And the collectors add value with their own personal curation of her designs." was the representative of Faget's work in Alexandria Alexius came to know many of the area's collectors through her mom and asked them to loan some of their pieces to the exhibit Museum staff also contacted collectors in Baton Rouge and New Orleans resulting in an eclectic mix of a shared love of Faget's work over her 50-plus years a jewelry designer earned her bachelor's degree in fine arts with a concentration in sculpture from Newcomb College in 1955 she produced her first ready-to-wear clothing line but customers were taken with a sand dollar and sea-inspired belt she had crafted by melting down some wedding gifts "She had been an avid seashell collector before she started making jewelry," Alexius said "When the idea occurred to her that she could accessorize her leather and suede nautical designs with jewelry she naturally turned to her seashell collection as a way to design it." One of her sand dollars from this early Sea Collection — on loan from interior designer Aza Downs Bowlin but my mom wore it as a belt," Bowlin said but it represents some of her early work." Bowlin believes her mom was attracted to Faget's work because she but she pursued interior design," she said "She owned Barbara Downs Residential Design in Alexandria and Mignot Faget's jewelry spoke to her in the way my mother saw the world around her She always wore two rings — her wedding ring on her left hand and one of Mignon Faget's gold garden snail rings on her right." Bowlin's mom presented her with a silver garden snail ring for her eighth grade graduation "That ring stayed on my finger growing up until my mom died in 2009," Bowlin said It could be argued that the historical significance of the Henry Watkins Allen monument in Port Allen lies in the woman who created it: Angela… Alexius said the vintage sand dollar is "one of the oldest in the show other collections represented in the show include Zea a 1988 collection in praise of corn; 2019's Sea Revisited; Knots which garnered Faget her first national attention; and Romanesque Return a 1990 collection which Alexius calls Faget's tour de force "We have a whole section dedicated to her Romanesque Return," Alexius said "The story goes that her friend Errol Barron who is an architecture professor at Tulane and an architect in New Orleans was directing the restoration of the Howard Memorial Library (now the Patrick F People may know this building now primarily because it's the events space for the Ogden Museum." was based on a design by esteemed American architect Henry Hobson Richardson As architectural fragments were carried out and placed on the lawn Barron realized they looked like jewelry and called Faget "She returned the building to people as wearable art just as Errol was returning it to people of the city of New Orleans to use and enjoy," Alexius said in this exhibit with the focus on personal collections," Alexius said The Collectible Life of Mignon Faget at WBR Museum 2 Melinda Waller Mangham's Faget brooch collection also catches the eye and she wore a pin every day," Alexius said It was a pin that Mignon converted into a barrette and you can see that it was a much loved piece." Email Robin Miller at romiller@theadvocate.com Email notifications are only sent once a day News Tips:newstips@theadvocate.com co-chair of the firm’s Health Care Practice Group Regulatory and Compliance Forum on OTC Drugs in a panel titled “Case Studies on Opill and Naloxone: Key Takeaways from the Latest Switch Approvals and What They Mean for Future Industry Opportunities.” Food & Drug Administration’s (FDA) recent efforts to enhance accessibility of over the counter (OTC) drug products have set the stage for a wave of approved switches in the industry – a development being warmly embraced by non-prescription drug companies “I would like to thank and applaud Marion David for the work carried out over more than three years in the DS Product Director role The job accomplished the successful launch of three new DS models as well as implementing the electrification of the entire range and putting solid bases in place for continuing the development of DS Automobiles around the world I’m happy to welcome Agnès Tesson-Faget to the Brand’s executive team Her automotive experience in fields as diverse as finance marketing and automotive product are all assets for our organisation.” After graduating from the HEC Business School in 1996 Agnès Tesson-Faget began her career within Groupe PSA and more precisely the Peugeot brand where she has spent her whole career up to now Her first experience within Internal Auditing management led her in 2000 to the Peugeot Japan subsidiary as Deputy to Chief Financial Officer to the Controlling Department for the Asia-Pacific region she moved to international sales management for Peugeot as Deputy Area manager for Korea and she pursued marketing management first as Market Manager for the Russia-Ukraine-India region becoming manager of the Brand’s CRM (Customer Relationship Management) in 2011 she has held various positions within the Product Management first as Product Project Manager of the Peugeot 2008 (first generation) then in 2015 becoming Brand Project for Advanced Projects and in 2016 Brand Project Manager of the just launched new Peugeot 308 and 308 SW she is appointed DS Automobiles Product Director Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker popular with collectors all over the United States said the store located in the Parc Lafayette closed its doors on May 7 "After months of assessing the future of the Lafayette gallery and due largely in part to the challenging economic situation in the area we have chosen to close our location at Parc Lafayette," Justice said "We value our Acadiana collectors and hope that you will continue to shop with us online and in person at our New Orleans and Baton Rouge galleries." The Lafayette Mignon Faget store opened in November 2012 in the Parc Lafayette shopping center across from River Ranch Justice said the goal was to further expose Lafayette residents to the Mignon Faget brand with which many were already familiar The noted New Orleans artist and designer creates jewelry designs reflecting the history The handcrafted objects of adornment are designed in Faget's New Orleans studio and made in America Justice said the company began partnering with organizations such as the Acadiana Symphony Orchestra and Conservatory of Music the American Heart Association and the Junior League of Lafayette which helped keep the store going for three and a half years Justice said Koi in Lafayette's Oil Center will also continue to sell Mignon Faget jewelry and home goods 2014) – Benz Faget utilized his home-field advantage to dominate the 25-boat fleet at the J/22 Midwinter Championship Hosted by the Southern Yacht Club in New Orleans Faget helmed Fats to all top-four finishes in the nine-race series (after dropping an eight in race five) With crew Devon Sweeney (cockpit) and Randall Richmond (bow) NY captured the silver position with 34 points And local Zak Fanberg’s Wild Tchoupitoulas closed out the top three with 45 points “These guys are a good team together,” Faget said “And there’s nothing like sailing in your own backyard.” He also attributed their consistent performance to more time on the boat including last year’s J/22 World Championship in Newport Conditions on Lake Pontchartrain on Sunday featured light breezes as David Loeb’s La Jolie Vie took victory in Sunday’s first race Richard Heausler’s Fast Company was second Chip Carpenter’s Wizard snagged the win in the next contest trailed by Faget and Dwight Leblanc’s dliii Faget closed out the championship with a bullet as Dale Currie’s Supper Club and Fanberg followed Event website – Results Tags: , , Launched in 1997, Scuttlebutt provides sailing news with a North American focus. Look for the latest information to be posted on the website, with the highlights distributed in the e-Newsletter What is the e-Newsletter Subscribe Today © 2024 Scuttlebutt Sailing News. Inbox Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.made by VSSL Agency owns at least one piece of Mignon Faget jewelry — adornment as central to a woman’s wardrobe in this city as a piece from Tiffany & Co But after Hurricane Katrina made landfall Aug destroying huge swaths of the city and dispersing her clientele Faget was forced to lay off 72 of her 80 employees almost entirely because her signature motif on necklaces earrings and bracelets is the fleur-de-lis — a stylized lily with three petals drawn together at its base The symbol of New Orleans adorns everything from the mayor’s business card to city trash cans to the football uniforms of the New Orleans Saints originally bestowed on the city by its French settlers has become a unifying symbol — and the anchor of the Faget business “People want to wear it as a badge of courage,” said Faget whose family settled in the city in the 1700s “It has never been more meaningful to us.” Faget (pronounced fah-ZHAY) fled the city one day before the storm barely taking time to board up her three stores and lock the jewelry in a vault at the company’s business offices Though looters made off with cheaper pieces left in the downtown store where Faget’s treasures survived the storm unscathed Using a laptop bought at a store along her evacuation route began fashioning an amateur advertisement for the local newspaper announcing the reopening of the flagship store on fashionable Magazine Street on Oct Bairnsfather didn’t expect anyone to be shopping for jewelry so soon after the hurricane — the city was mostly empty and covered in debris But because more than 90 percent of Faget’s business is local Bairnsfather’s mother came to buy a ring on reopening day — and found a line By the time the second of the three stores opened Oct the line at that store in a suburban mall was so long it wound around the shop and customers were asked to take a number Mignon Faget sold over 20,000 fleur-de-lis pieces in 2005 five times the number she sold the year before in her New Orleans shops and on the company’s Web site the company has sold 4,903 fleur-de-lis pendants compared with 1,280 in the same period a year ago compared with 46 in the same four-month window in 2004 And 1,392 dangling flower earrings versus 510 a year ago Faget has been able to hire back all but a handful of employees And the company donated 10 percent of all fleur-de-lis product sales through the end of 2005 to the city’s reconstruction effort “People seem to want to hug New Orleans right now It’s almost like a patriotism toward the city,” said Arthur Hardy Customers returned to Mignon Faget stores with tales laced with loss hoping the silver or gold flower would fill a void A police officer bought a fleur-de-lis necklace for his wife to make up for a birthday missed during the post-Katrina maelstrom A woman wanted to replace pieces she’d been collecting since childhood lost when her home in Chalmette was drowned by flood water and crude oil The demand for fleur-de-lis jewelry is spilling over to other jewelers in the city many of whom say they can’t keep up with demand We’ve tripled our sales of the fleur-de-lis,” said Brandy Whisnant a high-end jeweler that’s made fleur-de-lis cuff links for Saints players in the past which she’s used as a motif since the 1970s “We read on the Internet that the fleur-de-lis was born from the tears of Eve when she was driven from the Garden of Eden,” Faget said “We decided this city is our own personal Garden of Eden.” Paul Faget believes that to make a hole in your wall The same goes for the tile cutter that helped replaced the backsplash in your kitchen the eight-foot ladder you used to paint your living room and even the large drink dispenser that served punch to 30 people at that baby shower you hosted a closet or a cellar full of tools when so many of the things people store are only used for one project or on rare occasions That’s where the Louisville Tool Library at 1227 Logan St The new Shelby Park-based nonprofit challenges modern consumerism by encouraging a borrowing economy Just as people should have access to the culture of books and movies through traditional public libraries this tool library creates the opportunity to repair and maintain your home without emptying your wallet draining resources or clogging your storage space finish it and let it collect dust on your shelf As far as Faget and the other founding volunteers are concerned there’s no reason you can’t apply that concept to straight edges More by Maggie: Louisville podcast wants to broadcast your biggest business failure and normalize shame Four days had passed since thenonprofit's grand opening when Faget along with co-founding volunteers Shelby Rodeffer For a $120 annual membership — or a sliding scale of 0.1% of your income — you can rent out as many as 10 hand tools and two power tools each week If you need more tools for a specific project the volunteers are willing to bend that rule and they’ll also renew the rental after a week as long as someone hasn’t put their name on the waitlist for it “First priority is making sure anyone that wants to be here can be here and the second priority is keeping the roof over our head,” Rodeffer said The community has donated a few hundred tools to their cause since the nonprofit first took over the space this spring Lending tool libraries aren't a new concept, and there are more than 50 that are active in the United States, according to localtools.org In the month or so since these local volunteers introduced their concept to Louisville they've encountered extreme generosity as people have made donations to their stock but also questions ― mostly about how they’re so sure they’ll see all of these rentals again But that doesn’t mean that they should focus on that potential loss or that they can’t do a lot of good in between “You have to unlearn a lot of stuff to get into the borrowing economic mindset,” Rodeffer explained “You have to reframe your mind to be in a generous mindset and believe that when you put something out that someone gets something out of ― that they will put something into it You may also like:Forged in fire: How these artists have kept a Louisville tradition alive for 48 years It helps that the community they’re serving is the one that’s been adding donations to the collection “All of this came from the community,” Faget said who donated 40 of his own tools to the library “It is a lot easier for us to look at this collection and say ‘if something breaks and if something doesn’t come back They’ve already checked out a handful of tools and started dreaming up a wishlist for what they might need in the future One woman came in with a photo on her phone unsure of what she needed to put something together and they were able to give her the right Allen wrench A few neighbors had talked about wanting to do drywall patching and they were able to piece together rentals for those projects Another guest wondered if they had scaffolding to help replace the vinyl on a historic home That’s not something they have in stock yet but it was the type of request that got the group thinking about what voids they can fill in the long run There are a lot of them and many go beyond the idea of construction. They're eager to supply tools for clean-up events and construction projects hosted by other nonprofits. They stock seeds from Louisville Seed Bank that library members can take and grow High on the priority list is turning the library into a space for the community because they function on volunteers entirely they’re only open to the public on Wednesday evenings and mid-day on Saturdays they’ve set up a puzzle table in the back and they’ve got a selection of books that people can borrow or read on site They want the library to be a “third space,” which is a place outside of your home or work where you can participate in the community they can hire a full-time librarian to run the operation and they’re eager to host classes on how to use the tools they have They want to be a resource where people can learn to tackle minor plumbing and electric work More:Hidden in plain sight: How this Kentucky teacher uncovered a secret in a Van Gogh painting The group is also highly aware that many people who need access to tools may have transportation barriers they’d like to have drop-off days where they bring rentals to neighborhoods in south and west Louisville Rodeffer hopes they have enough local support to have branches in other parts of the community The team makes a point of being community-focused and local business-focused. They’re not trying to replace local hardware stores, and when their members need materials, they refer them to Keith’s Hardware at 1201 Bardstown Road in the Highlands or to Oscar’s Germantown Hardware at 1515 S Having a space like this creates the freedom to discover in a way that’s not necessarily encouraged in a traditional retail store They’re focused on helping people help themselves “Somebody can try something without so many stakes involved and so much cost,” Cooper said “The benefit of a library is the freedom to browse and to gain answers I do hope that people come here with the comfortability to browse.”  Features columnist Maggie Menderski writes about what makes Louisville your town or even your closet that fits that description — she wants to hear from you Say hello at mmenderski@courier-journal.com or 502-582-4053 Follow along on Instagram and Twitter @MaggieMenderski monil shah has posted 10 comments on Timesofindia.com to earn the Wordsmith Level 1 badge You have been successfully added to the mailing list of TimesTravel kindly open your inbox and click on the confirmation link which has been emailed to you Thank You for sharing!Your friend will receive the point of interest link on email mentioned Faget continues to create approachable jewelry to delight in gold and precious and semi-precious stones after more than 40 years in the business