and Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Porter arrived at the Black Sea port of Constanta in Romania after visiting Batumi
The US warships were operating with NATO allies and partners in the Black Sea, according to the US European Command
and their deployment followed soon after US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin visited the region
In a meeting with Russian military leadership, President Vladimir Putin seemed to threaten the US warships
saying Russian forces "can catch a glimpse" of USS Mount Whitney "through binoculars or through the crosshairs of matching defense systems."
connecting the Caucasus with Europe along Russia's southwestern flank
It contains some of Russia's only warm-water ports and provides Russia access to the Mediterranean and the waters beyond
Those tests include close encounters with NATO forces at sea and in the air as well as attacks on Ukraine and Georgia, which are NATO partners seeking full membership
Russia's Black Sea Fleet fell into obsolescence
With Russia's 2008 military reforms and its 2011-2020 State Armament Program, the Black Sea Fleet became a lighter, more agile force able to operate in near-shore areas and surrounding waters
Those ships are supported by a host of smaller and auxiliary vessels
including six guided-missile corvettes and five missile boats
underlining the fleet's littoral capabilities
The fleet is complemented by the newly formed 22nd Army Corps
one air-defense and two aviation divisions based in Crimea
and one air-defense division based in Rostov-on-Don
which have a maximum range of approximately 1,200 miles
NATO's Black Sea members and partners are at a military disadvantage when compared to Russia
Ukraine is rebuilding its naval force after the loss of Crimea
those countries would likely seek outside help
but there are limits on what outside countries can do
The Montreux Convention of 1936 restricts what kind of ships and how many ships non-Black Sea countries can send into the sea
and Turkey must be given advanced warning of any transit into or out of the sea
Those limits benefit Russia and hinder what the US can do. Only three of the US Navy's Arleigh Burke-class destroyers are allowed to be in the Black Sea at one time. But an Arleigh Burke is a powerful platform. Each can carry 56 Tomahawk missiles
which have roughly the same range as the Kalibr
While two Arleigh Burkes could match the Black Sea Fleet's Kalibr complement
are working to improve their ability to counter Russia
navigating the region's geographic and political constraints to do so
saying its presence there demonstrates "continued commitment to collective defense of the European region and reinforces the strength of the NATO alliance."
Constantine Atlamazoglou works on transatlantic and European security
He holds a master's degree on security studies and European affairs from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
All images courtesy of the National Bank of Romania
Romania’s central bank unveiled a new bank note on Nov
the first woman to be depicted on Romanian money who is a real person rather than an allegory
The 20-lei note is the equivalent of $4.56 and went into circulation on Dec
A news release issued by the bank characterized the choice of subject as a response to “the legitimate public interest
which has been largely supported by the society
and helps strengthen gender equality and the major role of female personalities in Romanian history and society.”
It is printed on a polymer substrate with a mix of flat and intaglio printing
measures 136 by 77 millimeters in size and is colored olive green
The face is dominated by the portrait of Teodoroiu
the central area features a badge of the Romanian Scouts
The face also includes the denomination value in figures and letters
a stylized version of the infantry insignia
The back has the winged figure of Victory as on the Victory Medal standing in front of the Marasesti Mausoleum
a memorial site holding the remains of 5,073 Romanian soldiers and officers killed in World War I
A biography in The Female Soldier says Teodoroiu served as a nurse with the scouts at the start of World War I but decided to enlist as a soldier after the death of her brother in combat
promoted to second lieutenant and given command of a 25-man platoon
the war’s final battle between Romania and Germany
She was hit in the chest by a burst of machine gun fire as she led her platoon against a unit of entrenched Germans
Her last words as she died were “Forward
1 a polymer replica of the first 20-lei bank note issued by the National Bank of Romania in 1881
The cobalt blue note has some features that would not have existed on the original
the left one showing the face value “20,” and the right one with the head of the Roman Emperor Trajan wearing a laurel wreath
Both have two-color luminescence in sepia and green
Also visible only under UV light are the years “1881–2021” printed in the center of the obverse with white luminescence; the bank logo
with red luminescence; and in black ink with green luminescence
the eight-digit serial number in the center
World Coins
Paper Money
Mega Image has opened three new stores in Bucharest and Ilfov: in Berceni and in Marasesti on January 16 and a Shop&Go in Apusului on January 26
Mega Image Marasesti was reopened after a building restoration
after the promulgation of law 282/2015 that stipulated the forbiddance of activity development in buildings with high earthquake risk
Founded in 1995, Mega Image is one of the biggest supermarkets chain in Romania, with a network of 599 stores in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Constanta, Ploiesti, Brasov, Targoviste and other cities in Romania, under the brands Mega Image, Shop&Go, Gusturi Romanesti.
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