Subscribe to daily business and company news across 19 industries Going back to basics means adopting the value-based sponsorship definition by David Ross where at its core sponsorship is defined as a mutually beneficial business relationship where the sponsor provides benefits in exchange for measurable results aligned with pre-defined objectives A value-based sponsorship has the target audience It asks what the consumer is truly passionate about (platform and property) and how can my brand authentically engage and develop a relationship with them in this space Aligning on and crystalising the definition of sponsorship marketing within your organisation.Aligning on brand and business objectives.Aligning the role that the sponsorship needs to play for the brand and different business units i.e Pre-defined objectives that are measurable Aligning on putting your target audience at the centre Identify the target audience's passion points and interests The market context is key in deciding on which sponsorships as well as maintaining the brand in the space This approach allows for conducting landscape and gap analysis of the sponsorship market.Unpack key questions such as what is happening in the sponsorship market across different passion points competitor activity within the passion points and audiences Which categories are over/under-invested in Leverage the sponsorships - logos alone do not foster long-term relationships Develop measurement tools to track the sponsorship against the process outlined above The AI prompt (Perplexity) on what sponsorship trends to look out for in 2025 in South Africa generates the following trends Companies are increasingly utilising advanced analytics and AI technologies to gain deeper insights into target audiences allowing for more personalised and effective campaigns There's a growing emphasis on leveraging digital platforms to reach global audiences and host interactive experiences like live chats with players The e-sports market in South Africa is experiencing a rise in sponsorship and advertising opportunities tech-savvy demographic through digital and influencer marketing strategies With increasing mobile internet penetration mobile-friendly marketing strategies will become crucial for sponsors The focus is shifting towards micro-influencers with more engaged and authentic connections with their audiences Brands will likely sponsor events or initiatives that align with their sustainability goals or social values Sports broadcast sponsorship remains a key strategy with the market expected to grow significantly due to increased television penetration and demand for local content Back to the future means focusing on foundational elements and emerging trends allowing brands to create impactful sponsorships that resonate with audiences and deliver measurable results in the evolving landscape of 2025 Choose a topic below and thereafter view all articles on the topic using the "Next >" button or swiping left Choose a topic below and thereafter view all articles on the topic using the "Next >" button or the keyboard right arrow key An official website of the United States government Each year, the NIH-Rwandan Health Program welcomes a physician from Rwanda who is committed to becoming a clinician scientist a physician from Rwamagana Provincial Hospital came to NIH in July 2018 and is the third fellow to complete the yearlong fellowship program She has been working on finding an affordable and reliable way to predict diabetes in Africans Africa is expected to see the largest increase in diabetes in the world over the next few decades. The number of diabetes cases is predicted to rise by 156% from 2010 to 2045, with 25 million more Africans expected to develop the disease. An estimated 70% of Africans with diabetes have never been diagnosed and do not know that they have the illness.1 Mugeni responded to this lack and the growing epidemic by working to develop a way to more accurately predict diabetes in Africans “When the Rwandan Ministry of Health launched the opportunity for a physician to participate in the NIH-Rwandan Health Program a senior investigator at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Mugeni conducted a literature review of current diabetes prediction models in African-descent populations and tested a model that factors in the cost of measuring the health variables The clinical study included about 450 Africans living in the United States “We wanted this to be a cost-effective tool for populations at risk,” said Dr Mugeni evaluated the equation’s ability to identify undiagnosed diabetes in the study sample of Africans living in the United States comparing diabetes predictions based on the equation with diagnostic exam results She found that one measurement—a person’s blood sugar level after fasting—was as effective at spotting people with diabetes as the nine-variable equation Having made this discovery in African Americans Mugeni plans to test the equation in Rwanda Her work has the potential to predict diabetes in Africa and determine who should receive further testing The first three Rwandan fellows have all been studying ways to better predict diabetes in Africans. “We are planning to take the studies back home to see if we can validate the studies at the population level,” said Dr. Mugeni. She and the two prior fellows plan to design and conduct a large project in Rwanda The study may then expand to other countries in Africa As an active member of the Rwandan community Mugeni also expects “to stimulate public health discussion on cultural and cost issues.” Mugeni said: “I learned about clinical research and gained another perspective on how to conduct research from my mentor I can conduct the study.” She said it will be helpful to continue to have Dr Sumner as a guide to help her and the other Rwandan fellows continue as independent researchers while also advising other investigators-in-training “I am glad that she will continue to be my collaborator and mentor.” In 2019, the NIH-Rwandan Health Program began a new collaboration with Rwanda’s University of Global Health Equity will also focus on diabetes prevention and early detection among Africans Learn more about the NIH-Rwandan Health Program Choose the topics right for you to get details on NIMHD research Adeline Mugeni was able to follow her dreams of a career in medicine she and her nuclear family were driven from her native Rwanda during the genocide of 1994 “Some of my relatives and friends were killed in the massacre,” said Mugeni a general practitioner who is known to friends as Addy and lives in Kigali “My father received a scholarship for his graduate studies Since the scholarship did not cover living expenses “It was my parents’ determination to learn in times of crisis that taught me to search for my own passion.” Because of the family’s limited financial means Mugeni did not attend a good high school and was rejected for admission to medical school in Rwanda in 2002 She returned to Kenya in 2003 and enrolled in a medical training college while praying for a miracle a Jackson faith-based group that provides partial scholarships for post-high school education to African students who are recommended by an approved indigenous organization or church ASE began nearly 20 years ago when a group of Mississippians went to Malawi for mission work “We learned on that trip that we as Americans had a reputation for thinking we had the better ideas,” said Val Vickery a member of the ASE board of directors and Mugeni’s host when she visited Jackson earlier this week (her first time in the United States) “But when we looked at whether this type of ministry — ASE — would be something they wanted ‘I’ve never found a ministry that respects the African people the way you do who attended the Anglican Church of Rwanda while an ASE scholarship recipient ranked first in her graduating class at the National University of Rwanda in 2012 “Addy is a product of the ASE scholarship she received,” Vickery said “We seek to develop the ministry through our ASE alumni We have alumni serving as volunteer country coordinators in many countries It is through them that we maintain integrity.” the ASE program manager for the past three years has a background in social work and said the organization affords her the opportunity to do something much more personal than simple case management “We travel to Africa to meet the students,” Canevaro said “We’re able to see how their community — and especially their education — has impacted them.” the prospective student must be a member of a partnering church in Africa it can recommend up to three students to be considered The church will want to see a need from the student that can be filled and a significant desire from the student to succeed “We consider many different needs and skills: business we’ve gotten between 150 and 200 applications per year These students have already applied to a school and indicated what they want to do with their degree “It costs more to send students to some African schools than others — probably $300 a year for a bachelor’s degree in the poorer countries maybe $2,000 a year for a master’s in the more developed ones.” The partnering churches supply ASE with progress reports on the students’ grades community involvement and participation in a ministry “ASE has funded about 800 students over the years Ninety-nine percent of all funds raised have come from Mississippi,” Vickery said “Addy and I are going to Birmingham and Charlotte to tell the story in other cities Mugeni is glad to share how the organization impacted her life and eager to mentor young doctors from Rwanda Her future includes a week of medical training at Stanford University and a post-graduate residency in internal medicine at the University of Rwanda An endocrinology fellowship will come later “The ASE scholarship and being able to achieve my dream mean so much to me,” Mugeni said Learn more about ASE by visiting www.africanscholarshipexchange.org . Background: Predicting undiagnosed diabetes is a critical step toward addressing the diabetes epidemic in populations of African descent worldwide. Objective: To review characteristics of equations developed, tested, or modified to predict diabetes in African descent populations. Methods: Using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, a scoping review yielded 585 research articles. After removal of duplicates (n = 205), 380 articles were reviewed. After title and abstract review 328 articles did not meet inclusion criteria and were excluded. Fifty-two articles were retained. However, full text review revealed that 44 of the 52 articles did not report findings by AROC or C-statistic in African descent populations. Therefore, eight articles remained. Conclusion: Equations which use a combination of non-invasive and invasive variables appear to be superior in the prediction of diabetes in African descent populations than equations that rely on non-invasive variables alone. Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00663 Background: Predicting undiagnosed diabetes is a critical step toward addressing the diabetes epidemic in populations of African descent worldwide Objective: To review characteristics of equations developed or modified to predict diabetes in African descent populations a scoping review yielded 585 research articles After title and abstract review 328 articles did not meet inclusion criteria and were excluded full text review revealed that 44 of the 52 articles did not report findings by AROC or C-statistic in African descent populations Results: The 8 articles reported on a total of 15 prediction equation studies The prediction equations were of two types Prevalence prediction equations (n = 9) detected undiagnosed diabetes and were based on non-invasive variables only Non-invasive variables included demographics Incidence prediction equations (n = 6) predicted risk of developing diabetes and used either non-invasive variables or both non-invasive and invasive Invasive variables required blood tests and included fasting glucose high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) Prevalence prediction studies were conducted in the United States Incidence prediction studies were conducted only in the United States the performance of diabetes prediction equations was assessed by area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AROC) or the C-statistic we evaluated the efficacy of these equations based on standard criteria specifically discrimination by either AROC or C-statistic were defined as: Poor (0.50 – 0.69); Acceptable (0.70 – 0.79); Excellent (0.80 – 0.89); or Outstanding (0.90 – 1.00) Prediction equations based only on non-invasive variables reported to have poor to acceptable detection of diabetes with AROC or C-statistic 0.64 – 0.79 prediction equations which were based on both non-invasive and invasive variables had excellent diabetes detection with AROC or C-statistic 0.80 – 0.82 Conclusion: Equations which use a combination of non-invasive and invasive variables appear to be superior in the prediction of diabetes in African descent populations than equations that rely on non-invasive variables alone Variables in the prediction equations are either non-invasive or invasive (22). Non-invasive variables include questions about medical history or physical measurements and require no blood to be drawn. Invasive variables require blood tests. Blood tests include plasma, serum or whole blood and require laboratory facilities to analyze blood samples (22) The objectives of this study were (a) to conduct a review of current diabetes risk prediction equations and risk scores developed or optimized to detect incident or prevalent diabetes in African descent populations living in Africa or the diaspora; and (b) summarize the predictive value of these diabetes prediction equations In December 2018, a literature search of peer reviewed journals from PubMed, Scopus and Embase was performed. The list of search terms is available in Supplementary Material 1 Studies which met the following inclusion criteria were included: a) Original studies published between January 2000 and December 2018 examining the development validation or performance of one or more diabetes prediction equations predicting prevalent or incident type 2 diabetes; b) Study populations were exclusively or partially of black African descent; c) Study participants were identified as black populations in sub-Saharan Africa; or as black or designated as African-descent by a compound ethnic label such as Afro-Caribbean d) Each prediction equation was constructed based on logistic regression analysis assessing the contribution of each predictor variable; e) Predictors in equations included any combination of two or more demographic f) Prediction equations estimated type 2 diabetes incidence or prevalence; g) Diabetes outcome was determined by contemporary criteria at the time of the study by the American Diabetes Association or self-reported diabetes diagnosis or diabetes treatment; h) Performance of prediction equations for the detection of diabetes was assessed by area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AROC) or C-statistic; and results were reported specifically for the African-descent population diabetes-related complications and mortality or risk of chronic disease in patients with diabetes were excluded Studies predicting diabetes based on a single criterion genetic risk scores or machine learning were excluded studies predicting diabetes in multiethnic populations which included African-descent populations but did not report results by race were also excluded The literature review identified 585 research articles. After removal of duplicates, 380 articles were reviewed. A total of 52 articles were retained after title and abstract review. After full text review, eight articles which met our inclusion criteria remained (Figure 1) Diabetes prediction equation studies: literature review flowchart diabetes prediction equations in African descent populations Prevalence and incidence diabetes prediction equation studies: study populations Diabetes prediction equation studies: variables included in 15 diabetes equations Study populations varied widely in size ranging from 291 to 20,633 participants (Table 1). African descent populations made up between 15 and 100% of the study cohorts. All prediction studies reported performance in African descent population groups by AROC or C-statistic (Table 3) Diabetes prediction equation studies: variables Performance of prediction equations was evaluated by several statistical methods In this review we focused on studies summarizing the ability to predict diabetes by either AROC or C-statistic AROC assesses how well each equation distinguishes or discriminates between patients who have diabetes and those who do not. A score of 0.50 indicates no discrimination; 0.50<AROC<0.70 poor discrimination; 0.70≤AROC<0.80 acceptable discrimination; 0.80≤AROC<0.90 excellent discrimination; 0.90≤AROC outstanding discrimination; and a score of 1.00 perfect discrimination (45) The C-statistic estimates a higher risk for the person who has (a prevalent case) or develops diabetes (an incident case) compared to the risk assigned to the person who does not have or does not develop diabetes. C-statistic measures the concordance between predicted and observed outcomes and range from 0.50 (random concordance) to 1.00 (perfect concordance). The C-statistic is seen as equal to AROC (46) Performance of prediction equations was assessed by AROC for seven studies and by C-statistic for eight studies Five articles included nine prevalence prediction equation studies which were conducted in South Africa, United Kingdom, Botswana, United States and the Netherlands. Table 1A lists study populations for each of these studies The nine prevalence prediction equations included only non-invasive variables: age, sex, family history, health behavior, medical history, anthropometric and clinical risk factors. Prevalence prediction equations contained three to nine variables (Table 3A) Five prevalence prediction studies reported results for the overall study population as well as by sex (Equations 1 The Cambridge risk score was tested in South Africa (26) (Equation 1) and United Kingdom (25) (Equation 2) For equation 1, the South African cross-sectional study had 737 participants (100% black mixed-ancestry, mean age 51.2 years) enrolled in the Cape Town Bellville-South cohort (26). The mixed-ancestry population in Bellville-South, South Africa is primarily of black African ancestry. Ancestral components include: Khoesan (32–43%) [Black], Bantu-speaking Africans (20–36%) [Black], European (21–28%), and Asian (9–11%) (33) Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or 2 h OGTT ≥200 mg/dL For equation 2, the United Kingdom cross-sectional cohort (25) had 803 multiethnic participants (Black Caribbean 31% ages 40–75) who were enrolled in the 1999 Health Survey for England Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or A1C ≥6.5% The Cambridge Risk Score had seven non-invasive variables: Age The Cambridge Risk Score had “poor” discrimination in both the South Africa (Equation 1) (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.67; Men 0.67; Women 0.67) and United Kingdom study cohorts (Equation 2) (Total African descent population: AROC 0.67) The following three studies evaluated the FINDRISC equation in Botswana, the United States, and South Africa (Equations 3, 4, and 5). This equation was originally developed in a Finnish population to predict prevalence and incidence (37) but in the following three studies (Equations 3–5) it was used to predict prevalence For equations 3 and 4, the original FINDRISC was evaluated in two cross-sectional cohorts in Botswana (28) and the United States (29) For Equation 3, Omech et al. (28) tested the original FINDRISC (Equation 3) in Botswana The cross-sectional cohort had 291 general medical outpatients (Assumed race 100% black For equation 4, Zhang et al. (29) tested the FINDRISC in the United States among 20,633 adult participants (18% black mean age 47.8) enrolled in the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL The original FINDRISC had eight non-invasive variables: Age The original FINDRISC had had “poor” discrimination in Botswana (Equation 3) cohort (Total African descent population: AROC 0.63) and “acceptable” discrimination of diabetes in the United States (Equation 4) (Total African descent population: AROC 0.76) For equation 5, the simplified FINDRISC was evaluated in South Africa. Masconi et al. (26) examined the simplified FINDRISC in the Cape Town Bellville-South cohort as described above The simplified FINDRISC included five non-invasive variables: Age The simplified FINDRISC had “poor” discrimination in the South African cohort (Equation 5) (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.67; Men 0.70; Women 0.66) In South Africa, Masconi et al. also examined the Kuwaiti diabetes score in the Cape Town Bellville-South cohort as described above (26) The Kuwaiti equation had “poor” discrimination of diabetes in the South Africa cohort (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.67; Men 0.70; Women 0.67) In South Africa, Masconi et al. also examined the Omani diabetes score in the Cape Town Bellville-South cohort as described above (26) The Omani score had “poor” discrimination in the South African cohort (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.66; Men 0.62; Women 0.66) In South Africa, Masconi et al. also examined the Rotterdam predictive model in the Cape Town Bellville-South cohort as described above (26) The Rotterdam predictive model had “poor” discrimination in the South African cohort (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.64; Men 0.62; Women 0.66) In the Netherlands, the SUNSET diabetes risk score (27) was a new equation derived in a cross-sectional cohort study of 1,415 participants [593 or 41% African Surinamese [Black], 336 or 23% Hindustani Surinamese [Asian], 486 or 34% ethnic Dutch (35)] ages 35–60 and 79.3% had two parents who were of African origin Diabetes diagnosis was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or self-reported diabetes diagnosis by a physician The equation included eight non-invasive variables: Age history of cardiovascular disease and race/ethnicity The SUNSET diabetes risk score had “acceptable” discrimination of diabetes (Total African descent population: AROC 0.79) Five incidence prediction studies employed both non-invasive and invasive variables and contained between six and nine variables. One prediction study, the modified FINDRISC (Equation 13), included only non-invasive variables (30). See Tables 3, 4 for details for each prediction equation One incidence prediction study reported discrimination results by sex only and five studies reported results for the total African-descent population only All incidence prediction studies were conducted in the United States In the United States, Lacy et al. (31) examined the performance of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Diabetes Prediction Equation (Equation 10) among 2,456 participants (15% African American 85% white) ages 45–84 enrolled in the Coronary Artery Development Study in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study Participants were enrolled and living in four cities in the United States and followed for 5 years also evaluated the difference between the 2004 ADA diabetes criteria (diabetes diagnosis was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or 2 h OGTT ≥200 mg/dL); and 2010 ADA diabetes criteria (diabetes diagnosis was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL In the United States, Mann et al. (32) examined discrimination by the ARIC diabetes prediction equation (Equation 11) in the multiracial cohort included 5,329 participants (25% African American 12% Chinese American) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 2000-2002 longitudinal cohort study Participants were free of diabetes at baseline Mean age was 61.6 years where 59% of the population was <65 years of age Participants were followed for a median of 4.75 years or self-reported hypoglycemic medication or insulin treatment The ARIC diabetes prediction equation had six non-invasive variables: Age waist circumference and height; and three invasive variables: Fasting plasma glucose The ARIC equation had “excellent” discrimination in both the CARDIA (Total African descent population: AROC 0.80) and MESA (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.81) cohorts found no difference in ARIC prediction equation performance based on the 2004 and 2010 ADA outcome definition In the United States, Lacy et al. (31) added A1C to the ARIC diabetes prediction equation evaluated above and re-estimated it in a sub-sample of 999 African Americans enrolled in the CARDIA study as described above Participants were free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 5 years The A1C-updated ARIC diabetes prediction equation included five non-invasive variables: age waist circumference and height; and four invasive variables: fasting plasma glucose The updated equation had “excellent” prediction of diabetes (Total African descent population: AROC 0.82) among African Americans In the United States, Kulkarni et al. (30) examined the performance of the modified FINDRISC diabetes risk score in 9,754 participants enrolled in the ARIC study cohort 82% white; age range 45–64) free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 9 years Diabetes was defined by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or self-reported diabetes diagnosis by a physician or self-reported hypoglycemic medication The modified FINDRISC diabetes risk score included five non-invasive variables: Age This prediction equation was originally developed to predict both prevalence and incidence of diabetes used it to predict incident cases of diabetes The modified FINDRISC risk score had “acceptable” discrimination of diabetes in both men (AROC 0.70) and women (AROC 0.71) In the United States, the performance of the Framingham Offspring Study diabetes prediction equation was examined in the MESA 2000–2002 study cohort as described above (32) The Framingham Offspring Study equation had three non-invasive variables: BMI blood pressure and family history of diabetes; and three invasive variables: Fasting plasma glucose The Framingham Offspring Study equation had “excellent” discrimination of diabetes (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.80) In the United States, the San Antonio Heart Study diabetes prediction equation (Equation 15) was examined in the MESA (32) study cohort as described above The equation had six non-invasive variables: Age family history of diabetes; and two invasive variables: Fasting plasma glucose and HDL The San Antonio Heart Study diabetes equation had “excellent” prediction of diabetes (Total African descent population: C-statistic 0.80) This review identified eight diabetes prediction equation publications which assessed a total of fifteen equation studies in populations of African descent Prediction equations were tested in African Americans in the US Afro-Caribbeans in the United Kingdom and Afro-Surinamese in the Netherlands with varied results Prediction equations relying only on non-invasive variables had “poor” to “acceptable” detection of diabetes equations using both non-invasive and invasive variables had “excellent” discrimination of diabetes Prevalence and incidence prediction equations were originally developed in predominantly white (36, 37, 40, 42) and multi-ethnic (41, 43) populations in the United States and Europe, or Arabic (38, 39) cohorts in the Middle East None of the prediction equations were derived in Sub-Saharan Africa only equations based on non-invasive variables were tested in sub-Saharan Africa it is unknown how equations based on invasive risk criteria perform in sub-Saharan Africa Varying definitions of diabetes diagnosis among prediction equation studies may have affected the performance of prediction equations. In African descent populations the use of A1C ≥6.5% (50), FPG ≥126 mg/dL (6) or self-reported diabetes diagnosis (51) to classify diabetes cases may lead to an underestimation in the absence of an OGTT Furthermore, we did not identify any prediction equations tested among African immigrants living in the diaspora. Despite the significant African immigrant populations in the United States and Europe and high rates of diabetes in these groups (7–9, 52, 53) no evidence has yet documented how well diabetes prediction equations detect diabetes in these groups in the diaspora Two prediction equations identified in this review examined detection of diabetes among black Caribbean populations in Europe (Equations 2 and 9) but none examined detection among black Caribbean populations living in the Caribbean all seven prediction equations which were tested or re-estimated in the United States performed well among African Americans with AROC or C-statistic between 0.7 and 0.82 These findings provide evidence that diabetes prediction equations which include invasive variables may show better discrimination of diabetes in populations of African descent than equations which rely on non-invasive variables alone (54) future studies in sub-Saharan Africa should consider the practicality of biochemical and hematological variables for improved discrimination Although the search attempted to be comprehensive important articles published in peer reviewed journals not indexed in the PubMed To increase the likelihood of identifying articles published about specific communities in Africa and the diaspora we included names and adjectives of African countries The use of racial terminology may also be a limitation at a global level People of African descent who would self-identify as black in the US may not have the option to identify as such in other regions of the world The heterogeneity within the African ancestry racial category is vast and presents a limitation of the findings in this review detailed analysis by subgroups was limited It is also important to acknowledge the limitation of assuming that sub-Saharan African ancestry means having homogenous genetic Future studies should consider intra-ethnic variation among African-descent populations and not lose sight of the importance of developing effective region- or ethnicity-specific prediction equations for better and earlier detection of diabetes Diabetes is an enormous challenge in African descent populations The absence of African-specific screening criteria contributes to significant underdiagnosis and underestimation of diabetes risk the development and validation of diabetes prediction equations in African descent populations is urgently needed Equations which use a combination of non-invasive and invasive variables are superior in the prediction of diabetes in African descent populations than equations that rely on non-invasive variables alone SB and TH participated in the revisions of the paper All authors read and approved the final manuscript and MH-R were supported by the intramural programs of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health RM and AS were supported by both the intramural programs of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest Clinical Informationist at the National Institutes of Health Library who was crucial to this project in designing and conducting our literature searches The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00663/full#supplementary-material Report on the Health of Refugees and Migrants in the WHO European Region No Public Health Without Refugee and Migrant Health Worse cardiometabolic health in African immigrant men than African American men: reconsideration of the healthy immigrant effect Do current guidelines for waist circumference apply to black Africans Prediction of insulin resistance by waist circumference among Africans 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identify undiagnosed diabetes in a health care setting Identifying individuals at high risk for diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study Prediction of incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged adults: the Framingham Offspring Study Identification of persons at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need the oral glucose tolerance test doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00006 Cross-sectional evaluation of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score: a tool to identify undetected type 2 diabetes abnormal glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome Google Scholar Evaluating discrimination of risk prediction models: the c statistic Increased gluconeogenesis is not an early feature of whole-body insulin resistance in black women—the Federal Women Study Reversing the tide - diagnosis and prevention of T2DM in populations of African descent and high-income countries: results from the prospective urban and rural epidemiological Study A1C Underperforms as a diagnostic test in Africans Even in the Absence of Nutritional Deficiencies Anemia and Hemoglobinopathies: insight from the Africans in America Study Validity and reliability of self-reported diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Diabetes among US- and foreign-born Blacks in the USA Disparities in diabetes mellitus among Caribbean populations: a scoping review Development and validation of QDiabetes-2018 risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of type 2 diabetes: cohort study Sumner AE and Horlyck-Romanovsky MF (2019) A Review of Diabetes Prediction Equations in African Descent Populations Received: 25 April 2019; Accepted: 12 September 2019; Published: 01 October 2019 Copyright © 2019 Mugeni, Aduwo, Briker, Hormenu, Sumner and Horlyck-Romanovsky. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Margrethe F. Horlyck-Romanovsky, bWFyZ3JldGhlaHJAYnJvb2tseW4uY3VueS5lZHU= Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish It tells the powerful story of a Congolese child refugee’s search for family in the wake of violence and tragedy We recently had a chance to talk to the short’s director about this unique and memorable short Animation Magazine: Congrats on the phenomenal success of More Than I Want to Remember Can you tell us how you got involved with this project and learned about Mugeni’s immigration tale Amy Bench: Stories of migration have always resonated deeply with me but I’ve become more devoted to the cause of immigration stories over the last few years as immigration has become both more talked about and more depersonalized and deeply politicized my work has centered around bringing individual voices and personal experiences back to the migration narrative I have spent most of my life in Texas — a place where immigration is hotly contested  —and have dedicated myself to using my work to address how this conflict affects children and families I began reaching out to refugee assistance programs within my community as well as across the country to meet women who were interested in sharing their journeys Mugeni was someone I met in 2019 and I was drawn to her as soon as we first connected She has an infectious energy and her story was so urgent and underreported with few outside of her region knowing about the persecution of the Banyamulenge people Mugeni’s story in particular has so many profound moments and lessons that resonate strongly beyond her own experiences my tears were stuck inside of me…” Hearing the poetry in her voice during our interviews was really affecting — her words communicate so much about her experience and When did you start working on it and how long did it take to make My producer Carolyn Merriman and I met Mugeni in December of 2019 I flew to Michigan in January of 2020 to record Mugeni in a sound studio and began editing Mugeni’s audio interviews shortly after that I started working with designer Maya Edelman the next month developing Mugeni’s character and the style frames Finalizing the animation took another 18 months and we expanded to a team of five animators We had two lead animators: Samia Khalaf in N.Y.C Sebastián led a team of three animators: Paula Tapia Pino I worked with the design and animation teams and did the final editing and sound design here in Austin The designs were hand drawn using a Wacom Cintiq tablet in Photoshop and the animation was done in both Photoshop and After Effects using the drawing tablet What would you say were the toughest aspect of telling this story in animation The biggest challenge was finding a balance of stillness and movement in the design: and breathing animated life into Mugeni’s character and the world around her through the use of simple animation We wanted the film to allow Mugeni’s words to lead to create space for certain key moments to breathe — so that balance was very important to us throughout the process of design and animation What prompted you to use animation to tell this powerful true story I’ve often been asked why I used animation for such a deeply personal film this story could not have been told another way But I have found that animation offers an intimacy and freedom of expression not available in other forms allowed Mugeni to speak freely and comfortably Just she and I in the booth with her supporters (her foster mom I have found animation to be a very freeing and exciting medium in which to work It combines my love of illustration and design with my passion for storytelling I come from the world of documentary cinematography and directing I seek to reveal moments that allow for a deeper understanding of who we are as a people moments that speak universally to our larger world There are some stories where using a camera is not possible — or not welcome — and that’s where I have found animation to be an indispensable medium it was a way to be with her emotionally as she navigated the events following the horrific and tragic separation from her family Who are your biggest animation influences/heroes I’m drawn to artists who pave their own path I would say that Don Hertzfeldt’s fiercely independent spirit and use of animation to tell strikingly poignant stories about relationships and human existence are incredibly inspirational He really challenges people’s perceptions of what animation can do His independence and clear vision are something I really strive for His fascination with memory is something I share and is a big part of More Than I Want to Remember Also Henry Selick’s attention to craft and process Visually I’m inspired by the Surrealists and Impressionists as well as more contemporary illustrators: Beatrice Alemagna What do you love about working in animation Animation is a brilliant artform that I find to be underappreciated beautifully designed animation can stop you in your tracks Animation has this unexpected ability to help lead audiences to a deeper understanding of what people are thinking and feeling — you can go anywhere in the mind or in space — you can create a world that really connects at a deep What would you like audiences to take away from your short That despite all that can be horrible in the world Working on this film was a balm in a time when my own world felt upside down it is my hope that through the beauty and immediacy of Mugeni’s words I believe this film has the power to move conversations surrounding immigration beyond politics and toward our shared hope and humanity What were the most memorable reactions you have received from your short so far Audiences across the world have really connected with the film which I think is really exciting and speaks to the universality of Mugeni’s story Glen Keane’s response to the film — that it “penetrates the soul” — has been one of the most unexpected and exciting He’s an artist that has spent most of his life creating and inhabiting some of the most iconic animated characters of my generation When he saw our film and was so blown away by Maya’s artwork and how deeply he felt Mugeni’s story He found Maya’s creative placement of patterns inspiring potentially solving part of a puzzle in one of his own current projects reverse mentorship happening is really exciting More Than I Want to Remember is available to stream on Paramount+, and for a limited time on The Animation Showcase (details here) For more information, visit morethaniwanttoremember.com We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience We use cookies to help you navigate efficiently and perform certain functions You will find detailed information about all cookies under each consent category below The cookies that are categorised as "Necessary" are stored on your browser as they are essential for enabling the basic functionalities of the site We also use third-party cookies that help us analyse how you use this website and provide the content and advertisements that are relevant to you These cookies will only be stored in your browser with your prior consent You can choose to enable or disable some or all of these cookies but disabling some of them may affect your browsing experience Necessary cookies are required to enable the basic features of this site such as providing secure log-in or adjusting your consent preferences These cookies do not store any personally identifiable data Functional cookies help perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website These cookies help provide information on metrics such as the number of visitors Performance cookies are used to understand and analyse the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with customised advertisements based on the pages you visited previously and to analyse the effectiveness of the ad campaigns Sign In Subscribe Now “My grandma used to tell me that the reason why Black people exist was because God ran out of the colour pink.” It was a co-worker’s attempt at humour just a few years after Nadia Mugeni had moved to Canada That wasn’t the end of jokes that fell flat while Mugeni worked toward owning her own boutique lash studio, Randee Beauty she spotted three white men wearing suits going from store to store near where she worked and asked her coworkers what the men were doing that’s the KKK,” one responded with a chuckle Mugeni didn’t even know what the Ku Klux Klan was She hadn’t learned about the North American white supremacist hate group while growing up and studying in Rwanda she was shocked by what they found to be lighthearted and funny “That was one of the first times I became conscious of my black skin,” recalled Mugeni “There’s a part of me that thinks I just gave them the permission to say whatever they wanted cause I was so naive I realized that when I met people for the first time they didn’t see the skills that I brought to the table the moment they saw my black skin and heard my thick accent they put me in a box.” ALSO READ: Racist comments hurled at two women in Vancouver Island restaurant Victoria photographer Nathan Smith was born in Canada to a white mom and black dad He was working at another job once when a man told him his dreadlocks looked like “sh**” and that it wasn’t a professional hairstyle Smith was speaking with a woman who appeared visibly upset about her sister’s use of the “n” word she blatantly said the word without hesitation “It’s so exhausting going into those situations because I now have to decide whether I’m going to engage and start trying to educate,” said Smith “I shouldn’t have to defend my experience as one that isn’t an outlier because it happens all the time in our society Even saying that white supremacy still exists shouldn’t be anything major There are more people out there that experience discrimination micro-agressions and violence than we realize.” “I’m so glad that more people are joining the conversation but I worry that … people will only give me jobs for affirmative action I’d like to think that I’m not a pity hire or only brought on to fill their diversity goals.” RELATED: Teach Black history to fight racism, starting in elementary school: B.C. students James Bowen is tired of seeing protests and peace rallies in Victoria As an immigrant who arrived from Grenada nearly 22 years ago he sees those with signs and chants as “weaklings.” The owner of Caribbean Village Cafe on Quadra Street Bowen said showing up at events doesn’t necessarily bring change They give you time to demonstrate because they know you can’t sustain those things Bowen said pressure groups within government are needed to start breaking down cultural hegemony which dictates the dominance of one social group and its ideologies over other social groups He pointed out that educational systems need a hard look at what they’re teaching the next generation Bowen cited an example of a popular children’s song with deep roots in the slave trade “Changing it to ‘catch a tiger by the toe” doesn’t change anything You eradicate that nursery rhyme for what it connotes.” “I am more than the word they wrote on that wall What I would’ve liked is to confront that racist in dialogue but I want to understand where they’re coming from we have better protocol to understand each other going forward.” @iaaronguillenLike us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter aaron.guillen@goldstreamgazette.com Dialogue and debate are integral to a free society and we welcome and encourage you to share your views on the issues of the day. We ask that you be respectful of others and their points of view, refrain from personal attacks and stay on topic. To learn about our commenting policies and how our community-based moderation works, please read our Community Guidelines The family of  a talented young Rwandan-Canadian former athlete and business personality is fearing for the worst as the search for the 24-year old continues four days after he reportedly went for a swim on Sunset Beach Hundreds of people in Rwanda and Canada who knew Steve Nkusi took to social media to express their shock and fear for the worst as emergency crews from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Trenton Search and Rescue as well as the Canadian Coast Guard continue to scour the waters with the hope of finding Nkusi a former competitive track athlete from Ottawa who also worked for the Canadian government and had ambitious business plans after graduating from the University of Ottawa is said to have jumped in to the water for a swim in L from a boat hired by a group of young people in their 20’s but never returned “At approximately 6:00pm on Saturday August 21 Catharines) uniform officers were called to Sunset Beach in St Catharines following the report of a missing male in the water,” Naigara Regional Police Service (NRPS) posted on August 22 without naming the person but people on social media were quick to mention that it was the amiable Nkusi “Initial investigation has revealed that a group in their early 20’s had rented a boat which was stopped just off shore when one of the male entered the water An extensive search was unable to locate the male,” they added Nkusi’s family is now fearing for the worst but are hoping against hope that police who have been scanning the waters at Sunset Beach for the past four days “It’s like a nightmare every morning,” Nkusi’s sister told CBC News in a phone interview on Tuesday morning describing the incident as a big loss for the family His family members including Mugeni had arrived from Ottawa and other parts of Ontario and Quebec to the search area where they patiently wait CBC News reporting from the scene said that his family has since confirmed his identity and wanted to share more about his life as they sat along the shore of the beach Monday a businessman who returned to Rwanda in 2019 after 18 years living abroad on Monday changed his profile photo on Facebook putting that of his missing son and is said to be on his way to the North American country with his wife who represented Canada in high jump at the 2015 Junior Pan American Games He attended École élémentaire catholique des Voyageurs and École secondaire catholique Garneau He graduated from the University of Ottawa with a degree in finance this year after working with the federal government while in school Family members are still waiting with hope Angie’s Models & Talent International (AMTI) said it brought him on as a model in March Reports say Nkusi was celebrating a friend’s birthday Eye witnesses say they saw Nkusi struggle when he entered the water and soon he was disappearing but the efforts are yet to yield any results Many young Rwandans who were close to Nkusi continue to share messages of pain and grief on different social media platforms with many stating that they are shattered by his predicament #RIPSteve has been trending for 3 days despite his death not being confirmed A GoFundMe page set up to support his family has so far raised $56,602 Additional reporting and photos from CBC News Search teams were still scouring Lake Ontario on Wednesday Nkusi graduated this year with a Bachelors of Commerce with a major in Finance social skills and business acumen have been hail in different obituary pages set up for him This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks The action you just performed triggered the security solution There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Court orders Worldcoin to delete Kenyans’ biometric data CA steps up child online safety with new industry guidelines Kenya rallies Africa to transform food systems for sovereignty Govt defends entry of Chinese investors into key sectors amid concerns Colombia’s wind farms bring promise and pain for indigenous group UK’s Deliveroo to be bought by US firm DoorDash in £2.9bn deal India worried about Chinese ‘dumping’ as trade tensions with Trump escalate Car giant Ford and Barbie maker Mattel warn over tariffs costs Pakistan cuts policy rate by 100 basis points to 11pc Capital FM commemorates anniversary of Chris Kirubi’s death Finding Opportunity in the midst of the pandemic: AskKirubi COVID-19: Lessons Learned and Future Direction for Entrepreneurs Kirubi set to acquire half of Centum Plc following nod by CMA Kirubi warns investors against fake cryptocurrency platform using his name Nov 22 – Housing Finance Company (HFC) Limited the banking subsidiary of HF Group has named its Credit Director Peter Mugeni Oduori as the new Managing Director effective 17 November Click here to connect with us on WhatsApp He replaces the company’s Director Legal and Company secretary Regina Anyika who held the role in an interim capacity HFC credited Oduori for his skills in formulating and implementing business strategies that have made significant impacts on the organizations he has worked for He holds a master of science In Finance and a Bachelor’s degree both from the University of Nairobi an affiliate member of the association of Chartered Certified Accountants an Associate Member of the professional risk managers and is a fellow of the retail banking academy June 12 – HF Group’s banking subsidiary has partnered with Kigutha Farmers Limited to build a Sh1.4 billion residential project in.. May 30 – HFC has announced a partnership with Athletics Kenya (AK) to enable thousands of Kenyan athletes to afford homes through its banking subsidiary HFC has entered into a partnership with the Jua Kali Contractors Federation of.. The new service will see customers enjoy access to exclusive Ultimate Banking lounges in select branches as well as a broader and diverse range.. June 29 – HFC through its bancassurance intermediary has partnered with Britam Holdings Plc to launch a convenient and flexible education policy.. By JULIUS PHIRI – IN a dramatic incident held at Nakonde Police Station cells have escaped.. By KELVIN MUDENDA – INFORMATION and Media Permanent Secretary Thabo Kawana is impressed with the progress made on the €6-million Kazungula Water Supply and Basic.. By PERDITA CHENJELA – VICE-PRESIDENT WK Mutale-Nalumango says the National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA) has extended the waiver for penalty for defaulting companies for a.. PRESIDENT Hakainde Hichilema has called for greater commitment to dialogue in resolving disputes across the country while emphasising its role in fostering stability in respective.. By SYLVIA MWEETWA – THE Zambia Army and Zambia Police Service officers in the early hours of Saturday.. www.gmail.com login By CHUSA SICHONE and AGGRIPA CHANDA – PRESIDENT Hakainde Hichilema.. GEORGE SINKALA and JULIUS PHIRI – PRESIDENT.. By SHARON KALIMBULA – PRESIDENT Hakainde Hichilema yesterday led various.. By CHUSA SICHONE – PRESIDENT Hakainde Hichilema has noted with.. Uganda | THE INDEPENDENT | Stephen Mugeni Wasike the Busia district LC V chairperson wants the government to construct a marijuana processing facility in the border export zone market Construction of the Shillings 800 Billion Busia export zone market is expected to be completed in seven years The market is being constructed into phases under the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa-COMESA through the Ministry of Trade and Industry forex bureaus and space for clearing firms Uganda Revenue Authority-URA and Uganda National Bureau of Standards-UNBS and general market among others the Busia LC V chairperson wants the government to include a marijuana processing plant While addressing farmers at Dabani sub-county headquarters Mugeni said that once the government embraces his proposal to include a marijuana processing facility in the export zone market they are ready to source potential cannabis investors to produce drugs and create jobs for locals say that many of them practice marijuana farming in hiding for fear of arrest They however say that they are ready to specialize in marijuana farming once the processing plant is built Lumonya says that the proposed completion of the export market is long overdue to enable them to engage in cash crop farming the export construction project supervisor in Busia says that it’s the ministry of trade to design and include the facility if necessary Marijuana growing is still illegal in the country The National Drug Policy and Authority Act without the written consent of the Health Minister… cultivate any plant from which a narcotic drug can be extracted” Together Pharma Limited reported its first marijuana harvest from Uganda despite a government announcement that the license had been halted The company reportedly completed the first harvesting of cannabis inflorescences at its farm in Uganda on June 18 and sowed another 10 dunams on the company’s farm in Uganda on the same day Another company Hemp is growing medicinal marijuana in Kasese district media reports indicated that up to 90 companies had applied to government to grow medicinal marijuana Tags and website in this browser for the next time I comment Uganda |  THE INDEPENDENT |  Nathan Mugeni the head teacher Reiner High school in Magola Sub County in Tororo district has suspended by the school board for alleged fraud Reiner is a catholic founded school aided by government According to information obtained by our reporter Mugeni reportedly used forged signatures last year to acquire loans worth Shillings 4.5 million from different entities in the names of the school and provided school cheques as security for the loans He reportedly forged the signature of the school board chairperson to acquire the loan in December who doubles as Pallisa Deputy Resident District Commissioner says he learnt of the illegal transactions after several organisations started calling his demanding that the school pays back the loans this came as a shock since he doesn’t remember signing any loan related documents on behalf of the school He says they also plan to write to the Education Ministry Permanent Secretary communicating their decision about the head teacher Onyango says the school now has a debt of Shillings 7.5 million to pay Dina Amoding told URN that the school is running normally the Magola Sub county LC 3 Chairperson welcomed the suspension of the head teacher saying it will send a strong message to all head teachers who treat public schools like their personal properties The embattled head teacher couldn’t be reached for a comment and his side of the story as his known mobile number was switched off Tags •Oduori has a Masters of science in finance and a Bachelor of Commerce both from the university of Nairobi •Oduori previously served as the Director Credit at HFC Peter Mugeni Oduori has been appointed HFC Limited  Managing Director "The Board of Directors of HFC Limited ( the Company') is pleased to announce the appointment of Peter Mugeni Oduori as the MD of the Bank effective November 17," the board chairman Kushik Manek said in a statement on Monday Oduori previously served as the Director Credit at HFC credit risk management and operations as well as leading large teams both regionally and across Africa "He has formulated and implemented business strategies which have made significant turnaround impacts to the organizations he has worked for," Manek said Oduori has a Masters of science in finance and a Bachelor of Commerce both from the university of Nairobi He previously worked at branches of Stanbic Bank in Kenya and in Tanzania as well as Standard Bank Group Oduori takes over Regina Anyika who held the role in an interim capacity who now proceeds as the Director legal and company secretary of the HF Group.