Habau Romania recently signed with Transgaz the contract for the construction of the project ‘Natural gas transmission pipeline in the direction of Sighetu Marmatiei – Viseu de Sus – Borsa’
This is an important project for Maramures and is now going in a straight line for its implementation. At the end of the execution, it will be possible to provide natural gas to the localities in the area of interest of the objective, respectively a number of approximately 51,500 household consumers, 500 public institutions (schools, town halls, dispensaries, cultural centres, medical offices, etc.) and approximately 2000 economic agents.
Volume 7 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.953390
The scoping review represents an important step toward constructing scientific knowledge on a topic in a sustained and integrated manner
this article contemplates a scoping review of the resource on project-based learning (PBL) in learning math concepts
This research resulted in 17 studies that were reviewed to establish connections between PBL and its potential to promote understanding of math concepts
All articles were collected in scientific journals subject to blind review available on open research online
The research was organized around three central themes: math
Data analysis allowed the building of a model in which the empirical data on PBL in learning math concepts in terms of (i) the learning environment
The potential results suggest that PBL engages students in math learning environments
PBL must be understood as a learning strategy to develop hard and soft skills related to mathematics
There is also evidence that PBL improves the integration of math concepts in a natural context
promotes differentiated teaching and enhances the student-centered logic in math education
the retained partial results in the analysis showed the feasibility of this scoping review
thus providing a basis for developing a scoping review
The presented review can work as a guide for other scoping reviews and a model for reflecting on future action on the covered topics
coincident or contradictory data and important conclusions for future investigations may emerge
As we intend to contribute to the creation in the reader of an overview of the topics covered
SR legitimizes the need to identify relationships
looking for forms of causal interpretation appropriate to the contextual situation
we designed this literature review to delimit the topics to be addressed and increase the degree of understanding of the investigations carried out on these themes
placing these themes in a historical and relational perspective
This article is structured in five sections: in section “Methods,” we introduce an overview of the SR method used
including a description of the options for inclusion/exclusion of documents for analysis
the constitution of the documentary corpus and the quality assessment
Section “Results” presents our main results
then section “Discussion” presents our lessons about the work developed and reflections
we conclude in section “Conclusion” with a synthesis and proposals for future work
The choice for the theoretical framework was the scoping review proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005): the scientific rigor of the document
using only the results that are significant for the investigation
ensuring accountability in document reviews
We used a SR process divided into four stages in which we eliminated some documents according to the following specific criteria:
Identify keyword sequences in the databases
Exclude repeated articles and articles that do not have an abstract or keyword
Exclude articles through analysis of abstracts
In our work, we relied on Boland (2013) approach
but we implement some adaptations according to these studies
we intend to establish connections between PBL and its potential to promote understanding of math concepts
we used the following keywords that we considered relevant: learning mathematics
The systematic search sequence was built from the combinations made with these keywords
The keywords were combined using the Boolean operator “and,” which implies that an article obtained in this search must include the two terms involved in the sequences
We selected documents with full text and freely available in scientific journals
we filtered all documents whose language was English
and we only searched for publications in journals between 2016 and 2022
The end of the various stages of our SR of the literature resulted in 17 documents that were analyzed and constituted our documentary corpus
We structured our SR according to the following steps: (i) formulate a research question
(iii) define inclusion and exclusion criteria
(vi) evaluate the quality of studies through the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (2018) checklist
(viii) synthesis of the data and assessment of the quality of the evidence and (ix) dissemination of results through the writing of this article
The general concern of this research regards the relationship of PBL (Ralph, 2016) with math learning environments
the question that guided this work of scoping review was: Can the PBL pedagogical strategy engage students in mathematics learning environments
the study’s objectives were outlined to obtain results
Following Gough et al. (2012) guidelines, based on our research question, we defined a research protocol. The research protocol contains a description of how studies are reached, the relevant studies’ judgment regarding their usefulness in addressing the research question, and how the results will be aligned throughout the SR (Monteiro et al., 2016)
we chose to include articles with both quantitative and qualitative approaches
We considered the following inclusion criteria: articles available on the web at the ACM Digital library
and at the Web of Science and Science Direct
are included in scientific journals with free access to the full content and are available in PDF format
We considered exclusion criteria: being an abstract of articles
being in a format other than PDF or not having the full text of the paper available
It was mandatory that selected articles had been submitted to peer review procedures
All studies that make up the synthesis of this work were located through a solid search of databases considered in the study
All articles that did not have keywords were excluded
because they were sometimes found by searching for different word sequences
Such a stage guaranteed the elimination of duplicates
including a column for each article and the material examined
organized in EndNote and then in an EXCEL file where we collected and recorded the publication date
we excluded repeated articles and articles that did not have keywords or abstracts (773)
repeated articles and articles that did not have keywords or abstracts were excluded
we excluded articles whose titles or abstracts did not seem to be related to our study’s subject
we analyze the quality of all documents not excluded in the previous steps
The documents were evaluated through the CASP checklist (2018)
a tool used in the methodological quality assessment of scoping reviews
It consists of a list with ten questions divided into three sections: (i) are the results of the review valid
(ii) what are the results and (iii) will the results help me locally
and relevance of the chosen documents for our study by applying these criteria
The articles obtained at the end of the fourth stage contributed to our scoping review’s documentary corpus in step 5 from our SR
All included articles were evaluated using a checklist (CASP, 2018) based on ten questions that help diagnose the studies’ quality
These checklists were designed to be used as educational pedagogic tools
and assessment of study results validity; an evaluation of the continuity of the study; an assessment of methodological quality and presentation of results; an assessment of results of the investigation
One reviewer assessed each article independently
and two more researchers reviewed the results
any differences in the score were settled through discussion
we present the distribution of the documents collected by the various stages of exclusion and inclusion:
One of the interesting results of this SR is the amount of work developed in Indonesia
which looks pretty enthusiastic about the PBL methodological approach applied to mathematics concepts
Most of the studies support their research on empirical data
with many quantitative studies and practical training on the subject
The method used in an investigation describes the way in which all the methodological procedures of the investigation were conducted (Thomas and Harden, 2008). Analyzing the articles and grouping them according to the methodological research strategies adopted: exploratory, descriptive and experimental. The years 2021–2022 had more evidence of the number of publications of quantitative studies (Graph 1)
Number of publications per year according to the methodological research strategies
Table 2 organizes the descriptive data of the articles analyzed, providing information about the title and study’s objective. The results presented corroborate the notion that the pedagogical methodology of project learning promotes learning in different domains, particularly in mathematics and at the most varied ages. Learning by the project is a topic already addressed in most continents (Graph 2)
The highest incidence of publications is found in America—United States
Costa Rica and Canada between 2018 and 2019
There is also a significant incidence in Oceania—Indonesia between 2020 and 2021
carried out a learning experience based on PBL
students face authentic and motivating problems requiring them to answer complex questions and develop success skills
The results of these authors show that students were highly motivated and capable of identifying which skills they needed improvement
Their students attended six lessons of project-based geometry learning assisted with GeoGebra augmented reality
This study suggested that the secondary school students well accepted GeoGebra augmented reality
On the other hand, the student’s attitude toward using Augmented Reality has no direct effect on behavior intention. Therefore, Kholid et al. (2022) conducted investigations regarding geometry courses at this level and determined the average scores of some geometry courses in the last 5 years
The results obtained by these researchers show the potential of the PBL model and GeoGebra by analytical geometry courses
These models help prospective mathematics teachers gain an understanding of analytical geometry
This research method used by these authors was the pre-experimental pretest-posttest one group design
This study showed that with the implementation of projects in the STEM area
students’ problem-solving ability increased significantly
PBL environment use a digital portfolio to present their work
The results achieved by these authors show that students primarily use either video/audio recording or text-based captions or labels to describe and explain their work
video/audio recording also reflects conceptual understanding or emotional feelings related to their projects
The PBL activities based on the STEM approach with distancing learning strategies could significantly improve students’ problems solving abilities (Sarwi et al., 2021). In their study, He et al. (2021) explores the relationship between STEM education and the development of children’s mathematics ability
These authors involved kindergarten students
and their results indicate STEM education promotes significant spatial ability improvement in children aged 5–6
the mathematics education instructors using a mixed instruction course incorporating an initial phase of transmission and transactional teaching practices by a step of problem-based learning instruction
Their results suggest significant changes in preservice teacher beliefs and orientations
the teacher becomes the facilitator of student action
screening information and references who may also contribute to the foundation of knowledge
The student takes an active role in their deal training
Framework on regarding mathematical skills in teaching through a PBL
This SR shows not only a few articles about PBL in learning math concepts but also confirms several options and techniques for enhancing mathematical thinking abilities through PBL
we found connections between PBL and its potential to promote understanding of math concepts
We realize that the PBL method in mathematics education enhanced students’ team involvement and learning capacity
some difficulties were discovered in developing non-traditional skills
and monitoring through assessment processes
we realized that PBL seems to have the potential to promote understanding of math concepts
Further research is needed to study the pedagogical relevance of this
Scoping reviews are subject to bias in articles selection and data extraction due to our choice of inclusion and exclusion criteria and databases
we established a protocol for this review that allows us to respond to a specific research question
and FV contributed to the conception and design of the study and wrote sections of the manuscript
SC organized the database and wrote the first draft of the manuscript
SC and FV performed the statistical analysis
All authors contributed to manuscript revision
The research leading to these results has been included in the work developed for the Erasmus + project supporting the continuation of teaching STEM subjects during the COVID-19 Pandemic through project-based online practices (Project no
This work was also funded by CIEd—Research Centre on Education (projects UIDB/01661/2020 and UIDP/01661/2020)
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations
Any product that may be evaluated in this article
or claim that may be made by its manufacturer
is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher
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Viseu F and Lencastre JA (2022) Project-Based Learning Methodology as a Promoter of Learning Math Concepts: A Scoping Review
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*Correspondence: Sara Cruz, YWU1OTE5QGFsdW5vcy51bWluaG8ucHQ=; c2FyYS5hY3J1ekBnbWFpbC5jb20=
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