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Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.987596 This article is part of the Research TopicGreenhouse Gas Dynamics of Inland Waters: Carbon and Nitrogen CyclingView all articles Mobilization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO2 from the frozen peat to surface waters in the permafrost zone of high latitude regions is expected to enhance under on-going permafrost thaw and active layer thickness deepening unregulated and yet environmentally important rivers in western Siberia (Taz) This subarctic river drains through forested and tundra peat bogs over a gradient of permafrost and climate and likely acts as an important conduit of CO2 to the atmosphere and carbon and nutrient exporter to the Arctic Ocean In a snapshot study during end of spring flood–beginning of summer baseflow (July 2019) we monitored daytime CO2 and CH4 concentrations and measured CO2 emissions using floating chambers in the main stem (700 km from the upper reaches to the mouth) and 16 main tributaries and we also assessed day/night variations in the emissions We further tested the impact of land cover parameters of the watershed and tributaries Based on regular monitoring of the terminal (gauging) station we quantified the C export to the Arctic Ocean during the study period We revealed sizable CO2 emissions from the main stem and tributaries (1.0 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.6 g C-CO2 m−2 d−1 The CO2 concentrations positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) whereas the CH4 concentrations could be partially controlled by dissolved nutrients (N P) and proportion of light coniferous forest at the watershed The overall C emission from the water surfaces (4,845 km2) of the Taz basin (150,000 km2) during open water period (6 months May to October) was estimated as 0.92 Tg C (>99.5% C-CO2 <0.5% C-CH4) which is twice higher than the total dissolved C (organic and inorganic) riverine export flux during the same period Applying a “substituting space for time” approach for northern and southern parts of the river basin we suggest that the current riverine CO2 emission may increase 2 to 3 fold in the next decades due to on-going climate warming and permafrost thaw When integrating the obtained results into global models of C and biogeochemical cycle in the Arctic and subarctic region the use of the Taz River as a representative example of continental planes should help to estimate the consequences of frozen peatland thaw on CO2 cycle in the Arctic and subarctic regions the rivers draining permafrost peatlands of large continental planes are most sensitive to climate warming and may turn out to be very important sources of dissolved carbon to the ocean and CO2 emission to the atmosphere strongly underestimated at the present time This is especially true for remote rivers of potentially high environmental importance such as the Taz River (Swatershed = 150,000 km2) draining through frozen peatlands of the Western Siberian Lowland due to its remoteness and difficulty in access this river remained outside the scope of main research in the terrestrial Arctic The peatlands in WSL are highly vulnerable to climate warming and permafrost thaw as the ground temperature is around 0°C ± 2°C suggesting high instability of frozen peat and its imminent thaw over next decades which may lead to sizeable CO2 emission to the atmosphere and C and nutrient export to the Arctic Ocean acquired in totally different environmental context (relief size of water objects) cannot be directly extrapolated to WSL rivers draining though taiga and forest-tundra zone where the permafrost peatlands and lake-mire systems are much larger in size Without knowledge of sources and pathways for C emission and export attempts to understand and predict these fluxes under various climate warming and permafrost thaw scenarios will be problematic and likely erroneous The present study attempts filling up the above mentioned gaps by using a medium-size river not subjected to any anthropogenic influence (<1 person/km2) and draining through representative gradient of forest to tundra landscapes and permafrost zones (from absent and sporadic to isolated in the south to continuous in the north) The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of land cover and hydrochemistry of the water column on CO2 and CH4 concentration and emission in the Taz River basin we aimed at three goals: 1) to quantify how the magnitude of C emission and export fluxes varies across the river main stem and tributaries over large spatial gradient; 2) to characterize possible sources of C emission and export in the Taz River system; and 3) to estimate possible impacts of climate warming and permafrost thaw on C emissions and export The Taz River main stem and its 16 tributaries include watersheds of distinct sizes (catchment area ranged from 149,000 km2 at the Taz’s mouth to 25 km2 of smallest sampled tributary), with rather similar lithology, but contrasting climate and vegetation (Figure 1, Supplementary Table S1) The Taz River basin can be roughly divided into two parts: 1) the upper (southern) part 400–800 km upstream of the mouth where the permafrost is sporadic to discontinuous and the dominant vegetation is forest-tundra and taiga 0–400 km upstream of the mouth where the permafrost is continuous to discontinuous and the dominant biome is tundra and forest-tundra The mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) ranges from −4.6°C in the headwaters (Tol’ka village) to −5.4°C in the low reaches (Tazovsky town) The mean annual precipitation is 500 mm y−1 in the central part of the basin (Krasnosel’kup town) and 600 mm y−1 in the low reaches of the Taz River The lithology of the catchment is dominated by clays silts and sands overlayed by quaternary deposits (loesses The dominant soils are podzols in forest areas and histosols in peatlands FIGURE 1. Map of the studied Taz River watershed. (A) location of the Taz River basin in the Northern Eurasia; (B) Detailed map of the Taz River and tributaries with sampling points; (C) Monthly discharge (m3 s−1) at the terminal gauging station (Tazovsky) in 2019. See Supplementary Table S1 for sampling point identification The peak of annual discharge in 2019 occurred in the middle of June (5,600 m3 s−1; in August, the discharge was five times lower, Figure 1) the month of July (average discharge is 2,300 m3 s−1; range 1,920–3,370 m3 s−1) can be considered as the end of the spring flood period we started the boat trip from the mouth zone of the Taz River (Gaz-Sale town) 800 km upstream the Taz river till its most headwaters (Tol’ka village) and then moved the same route downstream till the river mouth with an average speed of 30 km h−1 We stopped each ∼50–100 km of the boat route and sampled for CO2 and CH4 river suspended matter and total bacterial number of the main stem We also moved 500–1,500 m upstream of selected tributaries to record CO2 concentrations for at least 1 h and to sample for river hydrochemistry In one site of the Taz River main stem and two tributaries the measurements of FCO2 were continued from late afternoon/evening to the next morning The dissolved oxygen (CellOx 325; accuracy of ±5%) specific conductivity (TetraCon 325; ±1.5%) and water temperature (±0.2°C) were measured in situ at 20 cm depth using a WTW 3320 Multimeter The pH was measured using portable Hanna instrument via combined Schott glass electrode calibrated with NIST buffer solutions (4.01 The water was sampled in pre-cleaned polypropylene bottle from 20 to 30 cm depth in the middle of the river and immediately filtered on the boat through disposable single-use sterile Sartorius filter units (0.45 µm pore size) The first 20 ml of filtrate was discarded The DOC and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) were determined by a Shimadzu TOC-VSCN Analyzer (Kyoto Japan) with an uncertainty of 3% and a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L Blanks of Milli-Q water passed through the filters demonstrated negligible release of DOC from the filter material we measured ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) using a 10-mm quartz cuvette on a Bruker CARY-50 UV-VIS spectrophotometer The nutrient (N, P) analyses in filtered samples were based on colorimetric assays (Koroleff, 1983a; Koroleff, 1983b) Total dissolved nitrogen was measured by persulfate oxidation and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen forms (NH4+ NO2− and NO3−) were measured with spectrophotometry Uncertainties on nutrient analyses were between 5 and 10% The concentrations of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON respectively) in the suspended material were determined via filtration of freshly collected river water (1–2 L) on-site (at the river bank or in the boat) with pre-weighted GFF filters (47 mm 0.45 µm) and Nalgene 250-ml polystyrene filtration units using a Mityvac® manual vacuum pump The C and N concentration in RSM was measured using catalytic combustion with Cu-O at 900°C with an uncertainty of ≤0.5% using Thermo Flash 2000 CN Analyzer at EcoLab The samples were analyzed before and after 1:1 HCl treatment to distinguish between total and inorganic C; however the ratio of Corganic: Ccarbonate in RSM was always above 20 and the contribution of carbonate C to total C in the RSM was equal in average 0.3% ± 0.3% (2 s.d. Total microbial cell concentration was measured after sample fixation in glutaraldehyde, by a flow cytometry (Guava® EasyCyteTM systems, Merck). Cells were stained using 1 µl of a 10 times diluted SYBR GREEN solution (10000x, Merck), added to 250 µl of each sample before analysis. Particles were identified as cells based on green fluorescence and forward scatter (Marie et al., 1999) Over full year of 2019 at the Tazovsky terminal gauging station during high flow of the spring flood (May) we sampled the river every 2–3 days autumn and winter baseflow we sampled weekly 36 samples during summer-autumn baseflow and 19 samples under ice in winter were collected Water samples were taken 200 m offshore from 0.3 m depth in pre-cleaned polypropylene bottles and were immediately filtered through sterile single use Minisart® filter units (Sartorius acetate cellulose filter) with a pore size of 0.45 μm The DOC and DIC concentrations were measured as described in Section 2.3 above This permafrost-free river is similar to Taz in terms of runoff and land cover The Pearson rank order correlation coefficient (RPearson p < 0.05) was used to determine the relationship between CO2 concentrations and emission fluxes and main landscape parameters of the Taz River tributaries as well as other potential drivers such as DIC These values are several hundred times lower than those of CO2 diffuse CH4 emissions constituted less than 0.2%–0.5% of total C emissions and are not discussed in further detail pH and other hydrochemical parameters in the Taz River main stem and tributaries [mean ± s.d.; (n) is number of measurements] FIGURE 2. The CO2 and CH4 concentrations (A,B) and CO2 fluxes (C) profile of the Taz River main stem (solid circles) and tributaries (open circles). See Figure 1 and Supplementary Table S1 for identification of tributaries number The mean CO2 emissions in the upper (southern) part of the Taz main stem and tributaries were about two times higher than those in the low reaches (2.17 ± 0.85 and 0.88 ± 0.22 g C m−2 d−1 The diel measurements of CO2 flux by floating chambers in the tributaries of the Taz River demonstrated negligible impact of day/night period on emission fluxes (±0.5 g C m−2 d−1, or about 30% Figure 3) Although we did not acquire full 24-h time lapse there was no statistically significant difference in measured CO2 flux between short night period and preceding or following morning or evening time rather minor or non-systematic spatial and diel variations in both CO2 concentration and emission fluxes support the chosen sampling strategy and allow reliable extrapolation of obtained results to full surface of lotic waters of the Taz River basin Discrete chamber-based fluxes in the Taz River [(A): 46.3 km 81.93293°E] and two tributaries [(B): Chaselka (Tz-7) 81.519432°E] including night time measurements (thick black line) Variations of water temperature did not exceed 2°C Spatial variations of main hydrochemical parameters, nutrients and total bacterial count of the Taz River main stem and tributaries are illustrated in Supplementary Figure S2 of the Supplement It can be seen that these variations were mostly pronounced for the tributaries and there was no detectable northward or southward trend of DIC Pearson correlations between GHG and the main parameters of the water column which are likely to control CO2 and CH4 pattern (DOC, DIC, O2, pH, Specific Conductivity, POC, TBC, macro-nutrients, SUVA and optical/molecular characteristics of DOM) did not reveal sizable links between these variables with rare exceptions (Table 2; Figure 4) The CO2 concentration positively correlated (p < 0.05) with concentrations of DOC and its aromaticity/humification (RPearson = 0.47 The CO2 was also positively correlated with POC Si) and bacterial number but these correlations were not significant (0.27 ≤ R ≤ 0.40; p > 0.05) SUVA254 and POC positively impacted FCO2 but statistically-significant correlation was only pronounced for Ntot (RPerason = 0.69 there was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the CH4 concentration and that of macro-nutrients (Ptot Pearson correlation matrix of measured FCO2 and CH4 concentrations with hydrochemical parameters of the water column and landscape parameters of the tributaries and the main stem of the Taz River Significant (p < 0.05) positive control of river water hydrochemical parameters (DOC bacterial number (TBC) and land cover parameters (forest) on CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the Taz River main stem and tributaries The areal emissions of C (99.8%–99.5% CO2; 0.2%–0.5% CH4) from the lotic waters of the Taz River basin were assessed based on total water (lake excluded) coverage of the Taz river system in 2019 (4,845 km2, of which 3,239 km2 is seasonal water, according to the Global SDG database (6.6.1); https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20584) Given that the measurements were performed at the end of spring flood in 2019 during still high water period we used the 3,224 km2 as seasonal average of the river basin (permanent +½ of seasonal lotic waters) We admit that the uncertainty on this value is as high as ± 500 km2 we note that the main stem contributes to 24% of total water area Considering 180 days of open water period (May to October) the main stem and tributaries emit 0.142 Tg and 0.776 Tg C-CO2 with total emission of the Taz basin equaled to 0.916 ± 0.326 Tg C-CO2 the C emissions from lotic waters of the Taz watershed during open-water period sizably (about a factor of 2) exceeded the C downstream export Although the CH4 concentration pattern in both the main stem and tributaries was less variable than that of CO2 there were positive correlations with some nutrients such as nitrate and ammonia (p < 0.01) and total phosphorus (p < 0.05) These correlations could reflect co-mobilization of methane and these nutrients from river sediments to the water column in some stagnant and shallow zones of the river together with stable and low variable humification aromaticity and normal molecular weight are indicative of overwhelming terrestrial signal a two-fold increase in the CO2 concentration and emission flux in the main stem and tributaries between the low reaches in the north and the headwaters in the south may reflect progressive increase in the feeding of the river basin by DOC- and CO2-rich mire waters and an increase in the proportion of forest at the watershed We found that the range of CH4 concentrations in the Taz tributaries and the main channel are several hundred times lower than those of CO2. Given that, on a short-term scale (20 years), the GWP of methane can be as high as 96 (Alvarez et al., 2018) and the majority of methane is evaded from lakes the role of CH4 in climate regulation may become comparable to that of the CO2 This has to be taken into account for climate modeling of the region at the scale of the Taz River basin results of the present study will help to upscale C emission and export from Siberian rivers on the territory of several million km2 Via employing an unprecedented spatial coverage of C pattern in a pristine permafrost-affected river and combining discrete hydrochemical measurements with continuous CO2 and floating chamber assessment of fluxes we tested the magnitude of riverine C fluxes in relation to various hydrochemical permafrost) and landscape (type of biome) drivers The obtained results allowed quantifying rates and source contribution of emission and downstream C export and how they change across different permafrost conditions and landscape (vegetation) type we identified some hydrochemical parameters of the river water (DOC and its aromaticity) whereas land cover features (watershed coverage by forest C stock in soil and climate parameters) did not significantly correlate with CO2 concentrations and emissions The CH4 concentration positively correlated with POC Together with available data on other Siberian rivers results of the present study will help to upscale riverine C emission and export from the territory of several million km2 This should provide a better understanding of permafrost response to climate warming in Siberia and mechanisms of negative feedback of CO2 emissions from inland waters to the rise of air temperature and vegetation shift northward and taking the advantage of gradients in temperature vegetation and permafrost across the Taz river main stem and tributaries we estimate a 2 to 3-fold increase in CO2 emission from the Taz River basin over next decades linked to northward vegetation and permafrost boundary shift The datasets presented in this study can be found in Pokrovsky and Korets (2022) SV and OP designed the study and wrote the paper; SV and OP performed sampling analysis and their interpretation; LS performed DOC and bacteria analysis and interpretation; MK performed landscape characterization of the Taz River basin and calculated water surface area We acknowledge support from the TSU Development Program “Priority-2030” and grant “Kolmogorov” of MES (Agreement No SV is grateful to support from URI “System of experimental bases located along the latitudinal gradient TSU (Agreement No We thank Sergey Kopysov for providing the discharge data and Olga Moreva for help with nutrient analyses The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.987596/full#supplementary-material Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: Do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar AIS GMVO (2020). 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All rights reserved (About Us) The material on this site may not be reproduced except with the prior written permission of Advance Local Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site YouTube's privacy policy is available here and YouTube's terms of service is available here Ad Choices she was expelled from school for being Jewish she escaped when her mother arranged a hiding place with a non-Jewish acquaintance She later pretended to be a Ukrainian orphan and worked for a family that did not know she was Jewish only to discover that most of her family had been killed They soon married in a displaced person’s camp in Germany They moved to the United States and settled in Detroit The three sons all continue to make their home in and contribute to the Michigan community The young family came to the United States with virtually no money Asa Shapiro worked hard loading trucks at a lumberyard he bought the yard and opened two businesses both of which are still in operation today and owned by the family Sara Shapiro gave her testimony to USC Shoah Foundation in 2012 “Sara was a woman of quiet courage and grace,” said USC Shoah Foundation Finci-Viterbi Executive Director Stephen Smith “Sara and Asa both survived the Holocaust and have led by example living their lives contributing to the wider community Sara’s legacy will live on through her children and grandchildren.” She will continue to inspire people for generations to come through her testimony and a research fellowship at USC Shoah Foundation endowed by her son Mickey and named for his parents in 2016 The Sara and Asa Shapiro Lecture is a prestigious keystone program of the Center for Advanced Genocide Research which invites a recognized scholar to spend up to one month in residence at USC Shoah Foundation And the Institute will soon introduce the Sara and Asa Shapiro Lobby when it unveils its new offices at USC in the fall Sara Shapiro describes her initial refusal to leave her parents after they had arranged her escape Sign Up Today! Be the first to learn about new articles and personal stories like the one you've just read Digital Accessibility | Accessibility Guidelines Congregants adapt to drive-in and other alternative services as Pacific Northwest churches focus on prayer over politics Scenes from a drive-in church service at The Grove Church in Marysville on May 24.  volunteers wearing face masks and offering free kettle corn waved in dozens of cars drivers and passengers waited in their vehicles anticipating the beginning of the service at Timberlake Church.  the Kirkland hospital that was the country’s first to identify a COVID-19 outbreak while her four children — ages 3 to 11 — squirmed in the back.  “It’s been tough not being able to get together Drive-in services help you cope with everything that is going on,” Korets said.  “A lot of people are so anxious about life,” said the six-month member of Timberlake Church based in the suburban city east of Lake Washington that is home to Microsoft.  “Being closed up said she believes communities should have the freedom to not only make their own decisions about whether to hold alternative church services that limit social interactions Worship services help people by offering them a chance to pray and hand the burdens they carry with them over to God church members and religious leaders have tried to sidestep the heated argument about whether houses of worship should be allowed the freedom to open the doors to the faithful by avoiding the debate and opting for socially distanced methods such as praying over Zoom and holding drive-in services.  More on religion and COVID-19: Ramadan during crisis is an opportunity to help. in Marysville, Pastor Ryan Loffer led a drive-in service over the weekend at The Grove Church Loffer wrestled with the question of returning to work full time.  but on the issue of work I’m ready to go back to the office It is hard,” Loffer said during his sermon the heat has been turned up for so many of us.” Loffer cautioned there are no easy answers “On this topic of church and should we be meeting together,” Loffer began President Donald Trump reignited the religious debate some had managed to avoid by threatening to overrule governors who refuse to allow houses of worship to reopen in the midst of the pandemic.  “Some governors have deemed the liquor stores and abortion clinics as essential, but have left out churches and other houses of worship,” Trump said So I am correcting this injustice and calling houses of worship essential.” Trump and other members of the White House staff insisted churches everywhere could reopen safely that very weekend because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had issued guidance for communities of faith suggesting limits on sharing religious objects Some faith leaders immediately pushed back on the idea that church services could safely resume and that they should ignore local guidance issued by governors Washington state Catholic bishops released a statement noting that Mass would continue to be suspended “out of our deepest respect for human life.” we are called to be instruments of God’s protection for the vulnerable and the public common good,” the letter read “Our love of God and neighbor is always personal and not partisan.” The bishops indicated that they would continue to work closely with Gov Masih Fouladi, executive director of CAIR Washington, responded even more forcefully to Trump’s suggestion saying Muslims “will not follow the lead of a president who suggests injecting people with ‘disinfectants’ and who refuses to follow basic CDC guidelines like wearing a mask in public.” “Our faith teaches us that to harm one life is like harming the whole world and that to save one life is like saving the whole world,” Fouladi said But other religious leaders have embraced Trump’s directive. Under growing pressure, public officials have also changed their minds about church gatherings. On Saturday, Minnesota announced that it would lift restrictions and allow houses of worship to open at 25% of capacity Catholic and Lutheran leaders had previously indicated they would defy Minnesota Gov Tim Walz if church services were not allowed to resume.  On Wednesday, Gov. Inslee announced that counties in Phase 1 will be allowed to hold outdoor services for up to 100 people wearing face coverings as long as they observe physical distancing whichever is less, can resume at churches in counties in Phase 2 Spiritual services in private homes are allowed for groups made up of no more than five people.  “I do want to encourage people if they can continue their creative ways of congregating that have been successful for them already Lawsuits have also been filed in various states, demanding that faith leaders be granted the First Amendment right to practice their religion. Here in Washington, four Republican lawmakers sued Inslee in early May, saying their right to worship had been harmed. In April, Republican gubernatorial candidate Joshua Freed filed a similar lawsuit targeting Inslee’s ban on spiritual gatherings The reopening of churches has already had consequences in some places. At least two churches in Georgia and Texas that reopened earlier promptly shut down again in May after some worshippers tested positive for the coronavirus the reclosing came after a priest at Holy Ghost Catholic Church in Houston died from what was believed to be COVID-19.  And a recent report from the CDC documented how a coronavirus outbreak in a rural Arkansas church spread from a pastor and his wife to 35 attendees In April, a Virginia pastor who defied stay-at-home orders died of COVID-19 Glenn was announced during an Easter sermon a choir practice at Mount Vernon Presbyterian Church unknowingly infected 53 people in early March highlighting the danger that might lurk in common and seemingly benign church activities The CDC has called choir practices potential “superspreaders” because of “opportunities for droplet and fomite transmission.” “The act of singing itself might have contributed to transmission through emission of aerosols, which is affected by loudness of vocalization,” the CDC said.   Pastor Shane McCroskey complained of “a lot of mixed messages coming in” from the federal government and local leaders like Inslee Timberlake members John and Brita Grotte spoke about the difficulty of finding the right balance between keeping people safe and meeting the needs of the faithful.  an emergency room nurse at EvergreenHealth said she sees at work the repercussions of not following social distancing guidelines. “I think we should look to people who have bigger degrees than we do,” Brita said when asked whether churches should resume services But she and her partner also expressed concerns about mental health challenges going ignored.  a 37-year-old stay-at-home mom from Lake Stevens said she welcomed the opportunity that drive-in services in Redmond offered her to get out of the house But Pinorini said social distancing had been happening long enough and that churches should be allowed to reopen as long as safety guidelines were in place “I don’t see the harm in that,” she said.  Inslee has said King County is not yet ready to move on to Phase 2 of reopening because there has not been a two-week decline in coronavirus cases members of The Grove Church for about five years said drive-in services offer “a little resemblance of normalcy.” warned that while the Bible teaches Christians to gather and pray showing the Lord’s love to one another sometimes involves discernment.  It’s about “How can we do the most good for everybody?” he said.  We rely on donations from readers like you to sustain Cascade PBS's in-depth reporting on issues crticial to the PNW Lilly Fowler is formerly a reporter at Crosscut Dorothy Edwards is formerly an associate photo editor at Crosscut.  As Republican legislators opt for ballot harvesting Democrats lean into town halls in predominantly red districts to engage new or reluctant voters Ukraine will travel to Burning Man-2023 with the art object The Hedgehog Temple - a military memorial in the form of a hedgehog built from anti-tank hedgehogs About this reported the Yaroslav Korets leader of the Ukrainian community of "Börners" it was autumn and we were sitting without electricity in Odessa The idea of ​​the art project arose in a few minutes Our project is the war memorial The Hedgehog Temple it is a giant hedgehog built from anti-tank hedgehogs," writes Yaroslav Photo: Yaroslav Korets and Oleksandr Slobodyaniuk The image of the anti-tank hedgehog was "on the surface" because it became one of the symbols of defense "How to combine the completely non-military paradigm of Burning Man participants with our "everyday life" and remind once again that every day in Ukraine people die from guns and rockets people who had nothing to do with weapons until February 24 they lived their beautiful lives," says Korets Inside the seven-meter "hedgehog" will be placed the stories of soldiers and ordinary people who died in the war The structure itself will be built from rusted metal its frame will be covered with a military pixel grid its construction has already been completed and sent in a container to the United States of America Yaroslav also notes that anyone who wants to can place their story on the art object it will be necessary to contact him through personal messages and send a photo and a short history of the deceased person these stories will be moved to the Temple of the Heart where they will be burned according to the tradition of the festival Burning Man 2019. What Ukraine showed Curators from Ukraine at the Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art have been selected "Live in the moment". REAL TIME minimalist watches +380 (44) 465 53 41 +380 (67) 638 76 00 hello@pragmatika.media https://pragmatika.media Vandals torched the Koret Playground last summer A post shared by Jill (@jnasher17) on May 20 Last summer, someone torched part of the playground in the Koret Children’s Quarter in Golden Gate Park in the middle of the night The playground, once called the Sharon Quarter, includes a 1914 Herschell-Spillman Company carousel and has been in place since 1888 (reopening after an extensive renovation with the Koret Quarter name attached in 2007) unidentified vandals burned some 40 percent of the play area in the dead of night reducing much of equipment to twisted and melted strings of plastic Early estimates pegged the repair costs at up to $1 million Now Hoodline reports that the city’s Recreations and Park has found a contractor to start fixing the besmirched play space although it doesn’t appear that there’s a specific timetable in effect yet The San Francisco Parks Alliance (a private group) raised funds to help undo the damage, and the donations page appears to still be open for anyone willing to chip in some extra For those who prefer not to transfer money online: To make a gift to support the repair effort by mail send your check made out to San Francisco Parks Alliance to 1663 Mission Street To make a gift by phone call Paula Martin at 415-801-4161 Recreations and Park refers to the Koret area as “a blend of old and newer features” ranging from the classic carousel (one of several to feature in the park since the 19th century) to newer elements like a climbing wall or the abrasive but beloved concrete slides Jul 13, 2022 by By Sue Weston and Susie Rosenbluth – Two Sues on the Aisle  What’s in a name? While this sounds like a simple question, the answer can be the difference between life and death, especially in 1942 Europe. My Name is Sara is a historical fiction that offers a wider perspective of the impact of the Nazi occupation of Ukraine It begins by sharing the desperate escape as two Jewish children and her slightly older brother Moshe (Konrad Cichon) flee the ghetto for refuge in the countryside They discover the peasants are only slightly better off than the Jews Dispelling the illusion that safety lay outside the confines of Korets The peasants are brutalized by the Germans and the partisans and leaving destruction in their wake with the promise to return for more Their parents instruct them to do whatever it takes to live but to say Shema when all is lost Knowing that My Name is Sara is based on a true story and uncompromising ferocity to live are shown in stark contrast with callous brutality as the German leaders dispassionately carry out orders She passes herself as an Orthodox Christian and finds work as a nanny for a farmer and his wife Sara who had attended Catholic school despite being raised traditionally Jewish adopts the identity of her Christian best friend Using her knowledge of rituals and observances she convincingly fits in despite her lack of papers helping in the fields observing everything but seeing nothing first helping the children finish bedtime prayers Senior Nazis dispassionately preside over the exchange while gun-wielding Germans demand lower prices for bread the family is selling while the peasants are threadbare in a horse-drawn cart desperate to make ends meet Tipped off just in advance of a mass liquidation her parents send Sara with her older brother from the ghetto to stay with a Ukrainian family they had paid handsomely to provide protection is the only member of her family to survive and this provides context for the movie My Name is Sara This is the first fictional film for director/producer Seven Oritt who turns Sara’s story into an epic masterpiece Produced in association with the USC Shoah Foundation and with assistance from Sara’s son Oritt provides an accurate representation of her experience because life is more unbelievable than imagination The cinematography is so vivid one can almost smell the dusty fields the family wagon passes below a tree branch hanging over the road Suspending from the branch are three bodies and filmed entirely on a desolate backdrop in Poland making this story feel literally ripped out of history Mickey Shapiro was compelled to tell his mother’s story ‘You can’t just close your eyes and pretend that the history goes away.” Sara’s story is unforgettable killing 30 peasants as retribution for each German lost to the Partisans and reminding ourselves that reality was likely much worse This should be a wake-up call a reminder of how fragile our existence is Natya reminds Sara that she would do anything to protect her sons but Sara understands the risk she is forcing the family to take and intends to join the Patricians but not before a battle breaks out just meters from their door Two Sues on the Aisle bases its ratings on how many challahs (1-5) it pays to buy (rather than make) in order to see the play My Name is Sara received a 4 challah rating Designed by Susan Rosenbluth | Powered by TheJewishVoiceAndOpinion Ukraine’s State Security Service (SBU) on Tuesday raided the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra a monastery in the capital Kyiv administered by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church which said in May that it cut its ties with the Moscow Patriarchate “These measures take place jointly with the National Police and the National Guard within the framework of the SBU's systematic work to counter the subversive activities of the Russian special services in Ukraine,” said a statement from the agency The SBU further noted that these measures were placed taking into account “the armed aggression of the Russian Federation especially in places with a large concentration of citizens.” The statement also indicated that the measures intend to prevent the use of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra as “a center of the Russian world.” “All actions take place within the limits of current legislation the SBU adheres to the principle of impartiality towards the activities of any religious denomination and respects the right of every citizen to freedom of worldview and religion as defined by the Constitution of Ukraine,” it added the SBU’s office in the Rivne region confirmed that measures were also implemented on the grounds of the Korets Holy Trinity Monastery and the premises of the Sarnenskyi-Polska Eparchy Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov defined the searches in the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra "a link in the chain of Kyiv's actions against the Russian Orthodox Church." Puget Sound area organizations and businesses strive to normalize the topic of dying “It’s so wonderful connecting with all these women,” said breast cancer survivor Jennifer Dovey For people who may be new to house plants or those who want a way to help spruce up their living space Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :Total bacterial cell concentration (TBC) was measured by a flow cytometry after sample fixation in glutaraldehyde following standard procedures (Marie et al. The physio-geographical characteristics of the river watersheds were determined from digital elevation model (DEM GMTED2010) vegetation and lithological maps following the methodology elaborated for northern Eurasia (Krickov et al. based on the TerraNorte Database of Land Cover of Russia (Bartalev et al. 2014) and the biomass and soil OC content (Santoro et al. The lithology of the watersheds was assessed from Geological map of the region (scale 1: 5000000 All content on this site: Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. The staff at USC Shoah Foundation is saddened to learn about recent the passing of Asa Shapiro father of board member Mickey Shapiro and Holocaust survivor he was sent from his native town of Korets a move that likely saved his life because Germany soon invaded Poland and murdered most of his relatives met in Korets when both returned to find the devastation of their hometown Sha followed him to a displaced person’s camp in Germany They moved to the United States shortly thereafter and settled in Detroit where their other two sons Eddie and Steven were born but if the last five years of his 95 were anything to go by he was force to be reckoned with,” said USC Shoah Foundation Executive Director Stephen D “Asa overcame conditions that seem unimaginable There is no better way to tell a man than by his family who will carry his name with pride for generations to come We are honored that his name will forever be part of USC Shoah Foundation’s quest to bring scholars to our campus to further this important field of study.” The memory of Asa Shapiro will endure at USC Shoah Foundation as his son Mickey Shapiro funded an endowed research fellowship named after his parents in 2016 The Asa and Sara Shapiro Lecture is a prestigious keystone program of the Center for Advanced Genocide Research Environmental ResearchCitation Excerpt :GHG observations in the tundra region of Eastern Siberia are also well presented (Nakano et al. There are a number of recent publications on soil CO2 fluxes (or soil respiration) in the arctic and sub-arctic regions (Oechel et al. CH4 fluxes have also been extensively investigated in arctic and sub-arctic regions (Christensen et al. Ecotoxicology and Environmental SafetyCitation Excerpt :Each experiment was replicated three times The abundance of strain Cd02 and total bacteria in paddy soil after bioaugmentation were quantified by the absolute quantification methods as described by Masyagina et al (2019) on a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR DNA was extracted from the sampled soils (1.0 g) using Omega E USA) at the same sampling time described in the section of 2.7 Environmental Management and ProtectionCitation Excerpt :In addition soil erosion amplifies the effects of climate change through releasing minerals into water sources and carbon into the atmosphere.44 Soil erosion can be caused through weathering processes but also through natural disasters such as floods landslides and earthquakes.45,46 At the start of the 21st Century the global loss of soil as a result of erosion was estimated to be between 24 and 75 billion tonnes.3,47 How many 13-year-olds have the self-discipline to pretend to be someone else for two years without once revealing the truth even to those closest to her MY NAME IS SARA is a tense historical survival drama that unfolds more like a thriller which recounts the true story of 13-year-old Sara Goralnik who concealed her Jewish identity in Nazi-occupied Ukraine for two years even from the Ukrainian Orthodox farmers with whom she is living There is a particularly timely element to this true story film as it is set in western Ukraine part of which was in Poland when World War II started and part of which was in the Soviet Union but all of which was occupied by Germany when the story takes place The film not only tells Sara Goralnik’s harrowing personal story but gives us insights into the plight of Ukrainian farmers during the war farmers who were brutalized and exploited by the occupying Nazis but also subject to raids from partisans hiding in the woods As much as they might support the partisans goals in fighting the Nazis the farmers faced starvation by repeated raids from both sides MY NAME IS SARA feels more like a thriller than a historical drama or biography many Jews tried to survive by posing as Christians and fear of discovery gives such hidden identity stories an inherent tension Not only is young Sara hiding from the Nazis but she has to conceal her Jewish identify from the very family she is living with The Ukrainian Orthodox Christian farming family is not helping her to hide – or at least not knowingly they were as much a threat to her safety as the Nazis occupying the nearby Ukrainian town since they not only share their neighbors’ antisemitic attitudes but they were also driven by fear as the Nazis brutally punish anyone sheltering Jewish refugees The risk of discovery is ever-present and Sara has no one she can trust a challenge for anyone but all the more so for someone so young Sara (newcomer Zuzanna Surowy) and her family lived in Korets in the Poland when the Nazis invaded Korets had a large Jewish population that was well-integrated with the Polish Catholic and Orthodox Christian Ukrainian ones Sara and her older brother Moishe (Konrad Cichon) are hiding in the woods after fleeing the ghetto where their parents and two younger brothers are trapped They are attempting to cross the border into the Soviet Union with the goal of reaching a farm owned by an old non-Jewish woman that their parents have paid to shelter them as the nervous woman is likely to betray them “You would do better without me,” he tells his younger sister makes it easier for her to pass as non-Jewish than his more obviously Jewish features do Sara makes the tough choice to leave while her brother sleeps the hungry and tired Sara emerges in a field where an Ukrainian farmer and his son Grisha (Piotr Nerlewski) are working that her name is Manya Romanchuk and she has run away from a troubled home life in Korets He demands she make the sign of the cross herself as proof she is Christian the Ukrainians take her to the farm of Ivan’s brother Pavlo (Eryk Lubos) and his younger wife Nadya (Michalina Olszanska) where Sara can work as a nanny for their two young sons Sara is challenged again to prove she is not Jewish and although her new employers still remain wary While Sara faces constant threat of discovery she also learns things about her Ukrainian farmer employers that can help her with memories of the Soviet famine of the 1930s lingering She also learns that the husband and wife each have secrets and each tries to enlist her support in their troubled marriage Director Steven Oritt ramps up the tension in this film in a series of nail-biting scenes The true-story is aided by the fact that Oritt interviewed the real Sara Goralnik Shapiro extensively before her death in 2018 information that David Himmelstein used in writing his script As well as concealing her identity during the war the real Sara also kept the secret of her war-time experience from her family until late in life Although it is just being released now into theaters the drama was made in 2019 with the support of Steven Spielberg’s USC Shoah Foundation and with the real Sara’s son including the 2020 Miami Jewish Film Festival where it won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Film where it won the David Camera Grand Prix Award Oritt has made a few documentaries but this is his dramatic feature film debut The film was shot on location in Poland with a Polish crew and with a Polish It has lovely cinematography by Marian Prokop with young Zuzanna Surowy particularly impressive as Sara particularly considering her lack of acting experience sad face has a inherent underlying steel to it which serves the film well Often when the character is asked a fraught question or faces a situation that threatens to expose her Suwovy’s face remains still and unchanged for a beat before she smiles and pretends to be pleased or cooperative a choice that has the effect of making the viewer hold their breathe for a moment increasing the tension more than one might expect Director Oritt does a masterful job with keeping tension high overall without ever wearing us out with the suspense what is most astonishing is Sara’s ability to pass as Ukrainian Orthodox Christian eat pork and even recite Christian prayers Although we eventually learn the reason for her knowledge of Orthodox ways we remain impressed that one so young can so coolly pull off the impersonation including that the village she fled is not so far away and she runs the risk she might encounter someone who knows her The film also periodically reminds us of the deadly price the Nazis imposed on those who did shelter Jews When another Jewish girl turns up at the farm Sara tries to help without giving herself away another reminder of the constant danger she is in There is much to admire about this film but not all is perfect and we are not entirely certain what is happening between Sara and Pavlo The film also has the characters speak in English when they are presumably speaking in Ukrainian but uses subtitles for other languages a choice that some viewers might find awkward an impressive true story of surviving the Holocaust forced to conceal her identity and live by her wits and shot on location with fine cinematography and acting at Marcus Des Peres Cinema and other theaters the document claims Ukrainian sovereignty over its territorial waters in the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov as well as calls for measures to counter Russian superiority in these linked bodies of water which Russia de facto dominates from both sides due to the annexation of Crimea Ukraine was also likely testing the Russian reaction and observing the latter’s reconnaissance and data gathering competencies the Donbas and Korets’ northward passage through the Kerch Strait was part of Ukraine’s plans to establish a new naval base at Berdyansk for the Azov Flotilla which it is now in the process of standing up The Azov Sea naval base will comprise the third Ukrainian coastal outpost guarding a strategic chokepoint The pre-existing other two are the West Naval Base (in Odesa) responsible for securing Ukraine’s interests throughout the wider Black Sea and the Southern Naval Base (Ochakiv and Mykolaiv) which defends the Dnieper River and its delta Despite Ukraine’s efforts to quickly stand up an Azov Flotilla it is unlikely to be enough to challenge Russia’s overwhelming regional naval presence It is worth noting that the surface area of the Sea of Azov is roughly 39,000 square kilometers and is being patrolled by around 50–70 Russian “coast guard” vessels Norway’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is 2,385,178 square kilometers (so about 61 time larger) and it is “only” protected by 13–15 vessels (Author’s off-the-record discussions Ukraine is looking at alternative approaches including legal and deterrence-based strategies Kyiv is weighing the possibility of backing out of its 2003 agreement with Russia which had divided the Sea of Azov equally between them and prevented any foreign warships from entering the sea without both of their consent Ukraine and Russia’s territorial waters in the Sea of Azov would extend only 12 nautical miles out from their respective coasts while the sea’s interior would become international waters this would legally free North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) warships to enter the Azov Sea Ukraine is also formulating a multi-faceted deterrence policy for the Sea of Azov based upon the following considerations: 1) Establish a strong defense system along the entire coastline under Ukrainian control; internal Ukrainian waterways) for NATO vessels to enter the Sea of Azov; 3) Seek diplomatic and political support from NATO and the European Union (State.gov 4) Use the international legal system (such as lodging a case against Moscow at the Permanent Court of Arbitration) to preserve Ukrainian sovereignty (Pca-cpa.com 5) Seek to extend the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s (OSCE) monitoring mission mandate to the shores of the Azov Sea or establish some other form of international monitoring mission for this body of water; in conjunction with costal defense and with direct technical military assistance from NATO capable of deterring Russian aggression; and Kyiv does not possess such vessels) to the Azov Flotilla or both sides are strengthening their Azov Sea naval forces Russia is pursuing an assertive policy designed to undermine the social and economic situation in southeastern Ukraine to create conditions on the ground congenial to establishing a future land corridor to Crimea as well as to take full control over the Azov Sea Ukrainian responses will need to be resolute as well as multidimensional Your request appears similar to malicious requests sent by robots Please make sure JavaScript is enabled and then try loading this page again. If you continue to be blocked, please send an email to secruxurity@sizetedistrict.cVmwom with: the Ukrainian Navy under Ukraine’s Armed Forces General Staff’s command has conducted a risky and successful naval operation the Donbas search and rescue ship and the Korets sea tug departed from Odesa at the Black Sea passed the Kerch Strait under the newly-built bridge and entered the Sea of Azov Their move has come out of the blue for Russians who currently illegally occupy Crimea after annexing it in 2014 from Ukraine Russian commandment’s unpreparedness has been visible with panic reactions that accompanied the Ukrainian naval vessels move The Donbas and the Korets have been followed by at least 13 Russian vessels Russian aircraft flew dangerously low over them to talk to the commander of the operation - deputy head of the staff of the maritime commandment of the Ukrainian Navy Kovalenko had commanded Ukraine’s big landing craft Kostiantyn Olshansky up until March 2014 when it was taken over by Russians in the course of their illegal occupation of Crimea Moscow has been persuading Ukrainian officers to defect to its side by promising them flats For Kovalenko though his officer’s oath valued more than any money and property He refused to defect and fled to mainland Ukraine – having left behind all he had Four and a half years later radio waves near Kerch were interrupted with a message: “Good morning We plan to enter the 12-mile zone to pass the Kerch Strait into the Azov Sea…” – That was how the Korets sea tug notified Russians of Ukrainian Navy vessels approaching the Kerch bridge ONE DOES NOT “ASK” IN OWN WATERS Why did you choose the word "plan" for the message We deliberately said "We plan." Why would we need to "request" or "ask" for it we are obliged to warn - whoever is on the other side - that we are approaching But they charged us nothing for it - they themselves told us: "No port fees are charged." But the common way to address is "we are requesting your permission to pass," isn’t it that’s how it is written down in both our and their maritime rules but wasn't the situation there nervous Were you preparing for a combat that may have begun Two fully equipped people stood there demonstratively We covered ourselves fully with masking nets to hide movements we unfolded the fire hoses to water them away would they decide to climb the docks But would they try to climb - I’d like to look at them Eight kilograms of water stream pressure can wash anyone off the dock easily Some military experts say that naval forces are currently Ukraine's weakest defense component Two SAABs [Ukraine’s modern small armored artillery boats “Gyurza-M” that were deployed in the Sea of Azov a few weeks ago] have been deployed to the Azov Sea No one paid tactical attention to this event to demonstrate that Ukraine boosts its presence Now let’s look at our yesterday’s situation I can tell you sincerely - I myself have identified SAABs I marked them on the map because I had known their coordinates But visually - I could only hardly see them And Russians have missed them out completely one could only guess how deep was Russian surprise and which scandal they later had there They stopped short of running over Russian border guards' boats - you probably saw that famous video with the Russian Mangust It occurs that two SAABs solve many problems When that Mangust started speeding near us yesterday our two SAABs immediately went to intercept him and he dropped his plans - his nerves are not made of steel at the end of the day they're just small artillery boats… there are many opinions regarding these SAABs but the cold fact is that there is a result Had Russian boats just started speeding - one which jumped out from an ambush behind our rear one that tried to cut off our course - our SAABs have immediately solved the problem Would at least four more SAABs be deployed it would have resulted in a totally different situation already So what they call "a mosquito fleet" would work fine for Ukraine The Neptun will also be deployed at some point [modern anti-vessel missile complex of Ukrainian own produce that has recently been successfully tested] and then the balance will shift in Azov The mere deployment of this missile complex will provide a significant deterrence against Russia that a possible landing of Russians at the coast is currently the most dangerous scenario I can tell you as a former commander of a landing craft I doubt that Russians currently have enough forces in Azov sea to conduct a landing operation The geography of the sea makes it difficult this sea’s physical and geographical parameters If they’d decide to conduct a landing with big landing crafts they would have to enter the zone of artillery targeting And such craft during a landing becomes a target For half a year I have been the responsible commander for anti-landing defense here Experts say the Azov Sea is a tinderbox currently with one shot being able to provoke a major escalation We have the war ongoing for four years already What a Ukrainian Navy staff deputy commander would like to tell the Ukrainian society While citing and using any materials on the Internet links to the website ukrinform.net not lower than the first paragraph are mandatory citing the translated materials of foreign media outlets is possible only if there is a link to the website ukrinform.net and the website of a foreign media outlet Materials marked as "Advertisement" or with a disclaimer reading "The material has been posted in accordance with Part 3 of Article 9 of the Law of Ukraine "On Advertising" No 1996 and the Law of Ukraine "On the Media" No 2023 and on the basis of an agreement/invoice Online media entity; Media identifier - R40-01421 Ottawa Founders is an occasional column prepared by the Capital Angel Network that celebrates leaders in the community who are helping to build the future Deep energy retrofits are complex and costly – but also unpredictable Each building has its own unique characteristics and structure.  For Killam Apartment REIT and don’t fix it.” But what if it’s outdated Keeping up with the latest technologies can be a challenge when the pace of innovation is people and issues that impact businesses in Ottawa and beyond More Videos View All | Submit an Expert Blog View All | Submit an Event thoughtful analysis and valuable insights for business leaders in Ottawa and Eastern Ontario EVENT ALERT: Mayor's Breakfast with Ontario Finance Minister on Wednesday In recognition of International Women’s Month Ottawa’s Capital Angel Network and the National Angel Capital Organization present a series of stories celebrating the women who mobilize angel investment for Canada’s bold women entrepreneurs It’s a mindset that’s served her well in her career and it’s also an approach that’s led her to play a key role in Ontario’s innovation ecosystem Become an Ottawa Business Journal Insider and get immediate access to all of our Insider-only content and much more Click here to purchase a paywall bypass link for this article Essential business news, thoughtful analysis and valuable insights for business leaders in Ottawa and Eastern Ontario. EVENT ALERT: Mayor's Breakfast with Ontario Finance Minister on Wednesday, Dec. 4 @ City Hall Gothamist is funded by sponsors and member donations after allegedly recording the former officer and aide to Heinrich Himmler admitting to signing a document in 1941 that spurred an attack on the village of Korets And how did this American with "extended Jewish family" get that confession He said it was necessary and blamed the Jews." Until now only Nazis who murdered or gave direct orders for murder have been prosecuted "sat at the intersection between the ideology of National Socialism and the policy of genocide Culpability lay with the ideology itself." Frank allegedly checked documents "for correctness," but Smith says Frank "had full knowledge that his actions would result in genocide." Germany will not extradite their citizens (the interviews were done in Frankfurt) but the lawsuit could continue without Frank's presence and possibly lead to the freezing of his assets Frank wouldn't talk about the lawsuit, telling the Times, "I’ve never done statements concerning the Holocaust, because I just don’t exactly know much about it." We doubt that, but when asked what Gould was like, he said, "Well, what seller, who wants to sell something, is not friendly." A Harlem lot that has sat vacant for more than a decade has become so infested with rats that city attorneys persuaded a judge to let them in. Donoghue exits after steering the department through budget cuts and lifeguard reforms. Catch up on the most important headlines with a roundup of essential NYC stories, delivered to your inbox daily. Gothamist is a website about New York City news