Janet Dirks | Friends of the Mennonite Centre in Ukraine
July 31, 2023
David C. Cramer | For Anabaptist World
Paul Brandeis Raushenbush | For Religion News Service
Anabaptist World
Andrea De Avila | For Anabaptist World
Mary Ann Zehr | For Anabaptist World
Yonat Shimron | Religion News Service
Mennonite Church Canada
Jenny Gehman | For Anabaptist World
As Russian officials carry ballot boxes from house to house in Zaporizhzhia
with officials carrying ballot boxes going house to house in some areas
Vladimir Putin is expected to be anointed for another six years when the polls close at the end of next week
The four partially– occupied Ukrainian regions
claimed by Putin as Russian territory in 2022
will have a special part to play in the set-piece vote
The picture that Russian television will paint is almost as predictable as the final result: carefully curated images of grateful Ukrainians
delighted to be brought under Russian rule
It will be a message to local people that there is no alternative to Russian control
and tell a story for people inside Russia of a supposedly happy population welcoming their new rulers
The narrative will also be specially curated for an audience of one – Putin – said a senior Ukrainian security official: “Most of all
the results will be about the elites demonstrating to the tsar that the people in his new territories really do love him.”
as shown by a Guardian investigation into life in one of the four areas partially annexed by Russia in 2022: the Zaporizhzhia region
Dozens of interviews with current and former residents
as well as information from leaked Kremlin documents
suggests the election will be one more stage in Russia’s attempts to stamp its rule on the occupied territory
a paper-thin veneer of legitimacy to governance by coercion
Russian authorities have used threats and violence since the first days of the occupation. Moscow’s troops took over around two-thirds of the Zaporizhzhia region in the first weeks of the war, rolling into the cities of Melitopol and Berdiansk without major fighting and taking control of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe
The frontline eventually settled about 20 miles south of Zaporizhzhia city
one of the first acts of the Russian army on arrival was to detain local leaders and pressure them to work for the occupiers
Most mayors rejected the pressure and refused to collaborate
with a prewar population of about 12,000 people
She was put in an airless cell in the basement of a police station in the nearby town of Tokmak
she was brought upstairs and interrogated by men in balaclavas
she would be put on trial for “anti-Russian agitation” and spend life in a Siberian prison
she could hear the screams and moans of men being tortured coming from neighbouring cells
‘What would I do if my son was tortured in front of me?’” she recalled
she managed to find the strength to resist
she fled for Ukrainian-controlled territory
View image in fullscreenIryna Lypka
in a school in Zaporizhzhia where she and her colleagues from the town hall have their temporary office
Photograph: Kasia Stręk/The GuardianAcross occupied territory
there were similar “conversations” with mayors and local leaders
the Russians installed puppet authorities in every city and village
they tapped up former officials with a grudge
or opportunists with no experience in governance
a local actor who had run an agency doing children’s photoshoots took over as mayor
All of those who agreed to collaborate face long prison sentences if Ukraine takes the territory back
the Russian occupation authorities in the Zaporizhzhia region had an official policy of deporting residents who engaged in the loosely defined activity of “discrediting the organs of Russian power”
Authorities proudly posted chilling videos of masked men reading out the deportation order to quivering victims
then ordering them to walk across the frontline towards Ukrainian territory
In a recent interview with a Russian video blogger
the Russian-installed governor of Zaporizhzhia
presented these deportations as a humanitarian measure
“What to do with a woman with three children
who has different views and doesn’t see Russia as her homeland
She doesn’t think what’s happening is correct
we just squeezed them out … We did not want to have the blood of innocent people on our hands
just because they don’t think like us,” said Balitsky
The deportations intensified after the so-called “referendum” in September 2022
Supposedly a popular show of support for annexation by Russia
the illegal ballot in fact offered local authorities another way of uncovering potential Ukrainian sympathisers
who asked not to be identified because he has relatives still living in occupied territory
recounted how several local women had walked down the street in his village
going house to house with an urn for voting in the referendum
they told him they would return in a few days and he would be officially deported from the region
and now lives in one room of an apartment in a small town in Poland
one of tens of thousands of Ukrainians from the Zaporizhzhia region uprooted from their homes
and the house he has lived in since the 1970s
Russian authorities have kidnapped thousands of local Ukrainians considered to be dangerously pro-Ukrainian
Many of their families have had no news about their missing loved ones for months
In a small house on the outskirts of Zaporizhzhia
Tetiana Dolzhenko told the story of her son Maksym
an IT specialist who was 31 when the war began
Maksym had been active in Ukrainian nationalist circles since the Maidan revolution in 2014
three armed men arrived at the Dolzhenko home at dawn
They smashed the windows and doors of the family home and dragged Maksym into the street
Tetiana went from police station to police station asking for news of her son
It was only in October 2022 that several Russian soldiers came to her apartment to tell her Maksym was alive
and being held in a basement 10 minutes away from her home
to pass her birthday greetings from her son
came about because one of the soldiers was tormented by his conscience
“I could see in his eyes that he realised what he’d got into
the Russian news agency RIA Novosti released a video of Maksym
claiming he was a recently apprehended Ukrainian nationalist who was now “voluntarily giving evidence” about his crimes
Tetiana heard a rumour he may have been transferred to Crimea
but there has been no news of Maksym for 14 months now
Tetiana tried to leave Melitopol last summer
but was rejected permission to leave by local police
a move strongly encouraged by occupation authorities for all residents
she was forced to sing the Russian national anthem under a portrait of Putin
The journey used to take 45 minutes; now it takes four days
as it is not possible to cross the frontline
View image in fullscreenTetiana Dolzhenko left her house in territories now occupied by Russians after her son Maksym
a Ukrainian nationalist since the Maidan revolution in 2014
Photograph: Kasia Stręk/The GuardianTetiana is trying to start life anew in Zaporizhzhia
But she is tormented by the whereabouts of her son
Ukraine’s SBU security service told Tetiana that Maksym’s name had been included on a list provided to the Russians
But the Russians would not confirm they are holding a prisoner of that name
the Kyiv-appointed governor of the Zaporizhzhia region
said in an interview that the Russians have kidnapped 1,000 civilians from Melitopol alone
some are in prison in Crimea or inside Russia
we have absolutely no information at all about their whereabouts,” he said
While many public-facing occupation roles have been given to collaborators
the hard edge of Russian power – law enforcement and the FSB security services – is all imported from Russia
The Russian-installed FSB head in the Zaporizhzhia region
was transferred from a role heading the regional FSB in Russia’s Tambov region
while the head of Russia’s powerful investigative committee
came all the way from a job on Sakhalin island
eight time zones away in the far east of Russia
the Russians have launched a propaganda drive to keep control of the messaging
A series of internal Kremlin financial documents
leaked to the Estonian website Delfi and shared with a number of other outlets including the Guardian
says 6.6bn roubles (£57m) have been allocated for various projects in the occupied territories related to training new civil servants
“educational programmes among youth” and deploying the infrastructure of Roskomnadzor
Russia’s internet censor that blocks out “undesirable” websites and monitors web use
A spreadsheet from June 2023 lays out federal budgeting for several new propaganda media resources in occupied Zaporizhzhia
It says 144m roubles (£1.2m) has been allocated for the region for 2023
and suggests doubling this amount for 2024
included the salaries of three journalists brought in from Moscow
money for reporting trips and for corporate parties
and publishes daily propaganda and surreal chronicles of the occupation
One recent news item proudly announced that a brigade of workers from the Russian region of Chuvashia were removing Ukraine-era billboards and replacing them with giant Putin quotes
Running the names and faces of local government employees featured in articles on vzaporozhye.ru through Google searches and facial-recognition technology shows that even at lower levels
apparently head of the Zaporizhzhia branch of Russia’s Union of Journalists
spoke about the work of “our local journalists”
Moskalets arrived in Zaporizhzhia only after Russia’s annexation
a small local newspaper in the Russian region of Bashkortostan
Russian officials have been going house-to-house
several people still living in the region reported
checking which residences are empty and could be resettled
and pressuring Ukrainians who have not done so yet to take up Russian citizenship
In a university building in Zaporizhzhia the municipal leaders of various occupied towns work in exile
said the people who have stayed behind under occupation can be divided into three categories: those who welcome Russian rule
elderly people who have been bought off with promises of higher pensions
and those who are keeping their heads down and quietly waiting for the Ukrainian army
In one home in Ukrainian-controlled territory
a few people whispered stories of sneaking across the lines to bring vengeance on the Russians
and of ingenious schemes to smuggle explosives to partisans in occupied territory
To tell them now would risk exposing the methods
The threat from partisans has put Russian authorities on edge
and security is being stepped up further ahead of the vote
But it will take more than partisans to dislodge Russian rule for good
and the failure of Ukraine’s military counteroffensive last year has been a psychological blow for pro-Ukrainian residents of the territory
so I sold my furniture and television to get money for the trip and finally left,” said Pavlo Dvoretskiy
who recently arrived in Zaporizhzhia from Molochansk
which meant constant searches and raids on his home by Russian troops
Friends called not long after he left to tell him 10 Russian soldiers have now moved into his house
View image in fullscreenPavlo Dvoretskiy in a rented apartment in Zaporizhzhia after leaving his home town of Molochansk
Other members of Pavlo’s family live in rented apartments in the same building
while his son is fighting in the Ukrainian army
Photograph: Kasia Stręk/The GuardianBy now
around half the region’s population have left voluntarily
in addition to those deported or kidnapped
others are scattered elsewhere in Ukraine and across Europe
hoping the Ukrainian army will liberate the territory and they can return home
Fedorov said he believed the current population of the occupied areas numbered 250,000 prewar residents
with an additional 150,000 newly-arrived Russians
“They are trying to change the genotype of our population,” he said
He added that he expected a further crackdown after the election
the police and SBU security service monitor events in the occupied areas and draw up lists of local collaborators for later use
the official in charge of the military recruitment office went over to the Russians
as did a local councillor who had written the town’s anthem
Lypka even has friends who agreed to collaborate
and she still struggles to fathom their reasons
What will happen if and when Ukraine regains the territory is something on everyone’s mind. In cities like Izium, which was occupied for just five months in 2022, recriminations and suspicion were omnipresent when Ukraine regained control
where the occupation is reaching the two-year mark
and discerning the blurry line between survival and collaboration will be a thorny and likely painful task
“How to build peace and harmony between our citizens again
one of the biggest problems,” said Fedorov
Tim Huber | Anabaptist World
February 28, 2022
Mennonites thrived in Zaporizhzhia for generations
until Soviet persecution forced many to flee to Canada
as Russian forces push deeper into the region
locals and the diaspora are helping those seeking safety
This article was published more than 2 years ago
have a long history in this part of Ukraine.Photography by Anton Skyba/The Globe and Mail
Iryna Lypka had just finished cooking breakfast for her 82-year-old mother when five officers from Russia’s security service rushed into her apartment waving guns
Ten more officers surrounded the building outside
Lypka had been bracing for this moment ever since late February when the Russian army occupied the small town of Molochansk in southern Ukraine
took her to the local police station and threw her in a cell
She spent the next three weeks enduring questioning and threats before suddenly being released on April 23
She and her mother managed to leave town and head to western Ukraine
Iryna Lypka is the mayor-in-exile of Molochansk
to serve as mayor in exile and organize car loads of humanitarian aid for the town’s roughly 6,000 residents
And she’s turned to some old friends for help; donors from Canada’s Mennonite community
Molochansk and Zaporizhzhia hold special significance for Canadian Mennonites and Ms
Lypka has spent years working with a Winnipeg-based charity that supports a host of local programs
The charity operates the Mennonite Centre in Molochansk that funds a local medical clinic
It also built washrooms at the school and bought the town a garbage truck
Even now that the town is under occupation
the centre has remained open and its eight staff provide daily meals to locals
called Friends of the Mennonite Centre in Ukraine (FOMCU)
has managed to continue wiring money to the staff and it’s covering the cost of gas for Ms
“They were always solving problems for everyone and
the community doesn’t have any income and they are helping,” the mayor said
Mennonite roots run deep in this part of Ukraine
and the impact of the Canadian community can be seen throughout the region
the war has revived some of the worst memories of Mennonite history here; the decades of Soviet oppression that eradicated almost all traces of Mennonites in this area
It’s only since Ukraine’s independence in 1991 that there has been some revival of this once-vibrant community
Canadian Mennonites have become intricately involved in bringing the culture back to life and offering support
to help those who need help,” said Louie Sawtzky
a project director at the Winnipeg-based Mennonite Benevolent Society (MBS)
which operates the Mennonite Family Centre in Zaporizhzhia
“It’s a tribute to our ancestors and our forefathers.”
Residents of a hospice at the Mennonite Family Centre in Zaporizhzhia
which is also home to a refugee group from eastern Ukraine
Mennonites first came to Zaporizhzhia in the 1780s
They’d been invited by Catherine the Great
who wanted to populate stretches of empty land Russia had acquired through various wars
The community thrived and families such as Koops
Remples and Niebuhrs built businesses and financed the construction of dozens of schools and churches
an estimated 150,000 Mennonites lived around Zaporizhzhia in more than two dozen towns and villages
The community came under attack in the early 20th century; first during the Russian Revolution
when many backed the White Army over the Bolsheviks
and then during both world wars because of their German heritage
The postwar Soviet era saw thousands of Mennonites killed or deported to Siberian prison camps
The fall of communism brought renewed interest in Zaporizhzhia’s history
and Canadian Mennonites began visiting the city in the 1990s to hunt for traces of their ancestors
The Mennonite Centre was established in 2002 in Molochansk and FOMCU donors contribute up to $500,000 annually
The MBS set up the Family Centre around the same time and it receives roughly $225,000 in annual donations to fund programs for 113 seniors and around 140 children
A monument in Zaporizhzhia honours Mennonites driven away in Stalinist times
have been restored with donations from Canada
Zaporizhzhia’s council has renamed five streets in honour of Mennonite settlers
and in 2018 the city twinned with Steinbach
Canadian donors also helped erect a memorial to commemorate Mennonites persecuted by Stalin
Canadians covered much of the costs of excavating around 120 Mennonite tomb stones that had been used to build the foundation of a barn
More than a dozen headstones have been refurbished and placed in a small park on Khortytsia island
“We couldn’t make it without them,” said Denys Korotenko
which consists of 35 settlements outside Zaporizhzhia including eight that were Mennonite colonies
The FOMCU has funded a variety of projects in the region
ranging from sourcing new lab equipment for the hospital to buying three washing machines for the community centre in one village
Canadian donors are also helping refurbish Valman Castle
a former Mennonite kindergarten that now houses the regional offices
“Our organization is small but it is very flexible,” said Olga Rubel
the FOMCU’s co-ordinator in Zaporizhzhia who meets regularly with Shiroke officials to assess their need
Rubel has been in Latvia since the war started but she hopes to return to Ukraine soon
The invasion has brought a renewed commitment from abroad
Donations to the FOMCU have soared to $1.8-million this year and much of that money is helping thousands of people who have taken refuge in Zaporizhzhia from parts of eastern Ukraine where fighting is fierce
FOMCU is providing financial aid to ten people and helps fund a meal program that feeds around 50 people a day
The program is run out of the local school
enjoyed a pasta lunch at the school with his 13-year old cousin
in early April shortly after the Russians took over
He’s not sure what he’ll do now but he’s hoping to resume his training to become a seaman on commercial ships
A woman prepares food at the canteen in Mykolay-Pole
which feeds about 50 people daily thanks to funding from the Winnipeg-based Friends of the Mennonite Centre in Ukraine
The Mennonite Family Centre is also offering support to a group of refugees from eastern parts of the country
“It’s more for them to understand that we love them
is one of the few Mennonites left in Zaporizhzhia
His father grew up in the area but was deported to a Siberian prison camp in the 1930s
His mother tried to leave for Germany with Mr
Letkeman’s three older siblings but American soldiers handed her over to the Russians and they ended up in the same Siberian camp
Letkeman was born in Siberia and he eventually made his way back to Ukraine
But he faced constant ridicule for being Mennonite
It was only after Ukraine’s independence that Mr
Letkeman felt like a full member of society
had a family and enjoyed a career as an engineer
He also got involved with the Family Centre and manages the operations
which are based in two units of an apartment building
One is used as a hospice for six patients and the other serves as a meeting area
As the Russians move closer to Zaporizhzhia
Ledkman has had offers to go to Germany or Canada
“God and Ukraine above everything,” he said
Then he smiled and added: “I’m happy with my life
I’m probably the happiest man in Ukraine.”
Mykola Kuleba, formerly Ukraine’s children’s ombudsman and now head of the organization Save Ukraine, spoke with The Decibel about how rescuers are co-ordinating evacuations across the conflict-ridden eastern regions of the country. Subscribe for more episodes.
Ukrainian civilians are being taken from their homes and interrogated by Russian soldiers for weeks
For the wife of Azov Regiment commander, a life upended as she faces uncertainty about husband’s fate
Aging Ukrainian refugees consider returning home after struggling to adapt
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Mykola Kuleba, formerly Ukraine’s children’s ombudsman and now head of the organization Save Ukraine, spoke with The Decibel about how rescuers are co-ordinating evacuations across the conflict-ridden eastern regions of the country. Subscribe for more episodes.
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Communications Manager at the Legal Development Network
One of the most pressing challenges faced by relocated communities is preserving their uniqueness
The future of these communities directly depends on how successfully they address this challenge
To collectively explore ways of support to displaced communities during times of resilience testing
in cooperation with the Zaporizhzhia-based NGO “STEP,” organized an open discussion
The event gathered 40 participants from 24 communities of Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions
The discussion focused on the life challenges of relocated and host communities and their interactions
recognizing their current urgent need for additional attention
While we see various programs helping communities develop recovery and development strategies
very little attention is paid to those communities currently outside their home territories
and thinking about how to remain who they are — preserving identity and cultural distinctiveness,” stated Iryna Chaika
Organizational Development Director at the Legal Development Network
The Chair of the NGO “STEP” Board
welcomed participants with an opening statement:
“Although we cannot yet return to our native territories
There are host communities and people ready to support those temporarily away from home
we will find the strength to move forward and grow,” emphasized Oleksii Ahientaiev.
Relocated Communities: The Struggle for Existence
Representatives of the Molochansk and Terpinnia communities from Zaporizhzhia region shared their experiences of operating in relocation.
Head of the Molochansk Military Administration (Zaporizhzhia region)
shared that their community has been under occupation since February 26
the community’s administrative center has been located in Zaporizhzhia
“At times we return there in our thoughts
the Molochansk Military Administration began operations on June 01
they had to share a single room with the administration of another displaced community — Preobrazhenska
The real challenge is preserving the identity of the Molochansk Community — whether individuals are on temporarily occupied territory waiting for Ukraine’s return
or abroad — they must know that their community exists
wherever they are,” emphasized Iryna Lypka.
The community created a “Unity Space” to engage residents currently in Zaporizhzhia through various activities
such as “Coffee with the Head of the Community” meetings and psychological support events
“We want our people to feel that the community exists
People need communication and diverse support
both psychological and humanitarian,” highlighted Iryna Lypka
it became drastically more difficult to provide residents with nessessary humanitarian aid
the Community does everything possible to keep the aid coming
the same way it was during first months of war
Molochansk Community sends humanitarian aid to its residents across Ukraine
the Molochansk community runs several social support programs for vulnerable groups
including financial assistance for medical treatment
the Community Administration submits grant applications for international support and builds partnerships with foreign communities and organizations
there is a significant obstacle: international partners often refuse to cooperate with communities under temporary occupation
relocated communities propose forming trilateral partnerships: occupied community – host community located at safer zone (in central or western Ukraine) – international partner
“It is crucial for rebuilding efforts after de-occupation
allowing us to establishing partnerships with international partners
including to preparation of joint grant applications which is a lengthy process
It has already been established that many of our facilities — schools
require us to act quickly in order to attract funds for reconstruction,” explained Iryna Lypka
the community has established Centers for Administrative Services (CAS) offering various administrative services
an inclusive resource center for children with special educational needs
and a youth sports school with a remote Kyokushin karate division participating in competitions within Ukraine and abroad
The Molochansk Community also prioritizes truthful and timely communication with residents
“Together with the NGO «Yes» we participated in a strategic communication program
We wrote articles aimed at uniting residents who remained in the occupied territory with those on Ukrainian-controlled territory
differences in opinions on many issues have emerged
It is vital to counter Russian propaganda,” said Iryna Lypka
the Molochansk Community began developing its logo
centered around a drop of water — a tribute to Molochansk water
Before the occupation Molochansk had several bottled water production plants.The community has also prepared presentations
including one on the Cities4Cities platform
to increase global awareness about their community and attract international support
it also has own distinctive brand — the Melitopol blackcherry
accounting for up to 30% of the blackcherry harvest in the Melitopol district
Terpinnia is known for its healing springs and a rapidly developing agricultural sector
of our people left the occupation back in 2022
no food — via a humanitarian convoy between Vasylivka
It was a humanitarian collapse,” recalls Olha Voropai
the Deputy Head of the Terpinnia Community (Zaporizhzhia Region)
national and international civil society organizations
and charitable foundations assisted the displaced residents of the community
many families began to migrate further—to various regions of Ukraine and abroad
There were also cases where individuals chose to return home to the occupied territory
“Preserving our human resources is a top priority for us
We conducted a small study on where our displaced residents currently live
The Terpinnia Community places a strong focus on education
It was one of the first communities in the Melitopol district to launch an educational program that involved children from different parts of Ukraine — both in government-controlled and non-controlled areas—as well as those abroad
“Education is a bridge connecting individuals living in controlled areas
Losing this bridge would be a severe blow for us,” emphasizes Olha Voropai
referring to the alarming rumors about potential cuts to educational funding for relocated communities
similar to what happened with healthcare funding
the community’s mood is increasingly pessimistic — people are losing hope
We have long taken off the rose-colored glasses
Living without hope and faith is incredibly difficult,” says Olha Voropai
The tools for preserving the identity of her community
in addition to expanding access to education
include: facilitating the employment of displaced individuals
providing access to social and medical services
delivering humanitarian aid to various localities upon residents’ requests
as practiced by the Molochansk and other communities
maintaining informational communication through social networks
and disseminating information via media and community resources
In the early months of the full-scale invasion
approximately 14,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) arrived in the city of Kalush (Ivano-Frankivsk Region)
Most of them stayed briefly before continuing their journey to Western European countries
around 5,000 IDPs from various regions — Donetsk
These are people who have nowhere to return
Kalush City Mayor (Ivano-Frankivsk Region)
a Council for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) was established in the city
headed by a displaced individual from Bakhmut
The mayor meets with Council representatives almost weekly to discuss the challenges faced by IDPs in Kalush and to find solutions together
The City Administration engages IDPs in cultural
and sports activities while also supporting IDP’s initiatives
the “IAmMariupol” center operates in Kalush
organizing cultural events for displaced individuals
“Novohrodivka in Donetsk region is our sister city
there is a community of displaced individuals from that city
we performed Christmas nativity plays: the residents of Novohrodivka presented their version
there were differences,” shares Andrii Naida
The mayor emphasizes that strong connections with cities and communities from the East facilitated the relocation of many businesses from occupied and frontline regions to Kalush
“Our community in Prykarpattia is a leader in this regard: more than 40 businesses
Many enterprises are already building factories from scratch — over 10,000 square meters of production space
We work with them in a spirit of ‘economic patriotism,’ as I call it,” says Andrii Naida
we fully understand their deep love for their city
we tell them: do not rush to pay taxes to us — pay them to the community you feel is right
the Mayor of Kharkiv expressed a desire to establish a sister-city relationship with Kalush
Chair of the Prykarpattia Industrial Cluster (Ivano-Frankivsk region)
adding that local residents strive to avoid labeling either people as IDPs or businesses as “relocated.”
“We say there are old and new Kalush residents
there are simply more new Kalush residents,” explains Natalia Zakharova
In the context of the discussion on preserving uniqueness and identity
Natalia Zakharova emphasized: In order to create cultural or community initiatives
the city of Kalush focused on supporting it after February 24
we were ready and began welcoming businesses
and village councils — anywhere they could
known as ‘rooting.’ We say we want all those who relocated to us to return to their territories because we all want Ukraine’s liberation
we want all businesses that return home to leave their branches
in Kalush to better communicate with the European Union
From Kalush to a European store shelf — it’s 48 hours
Kalush also welcomes individual entrepreneurs
People who come to the city trying to start their own businesses often need consultations and retraining
The Prykarpattia Industrial Cluster provides individual consultations for beginner entrepreneurs
offers assistance in obtaining grants for business development
and occasionally organizes training courses
the labor market has significantly changed in recent years
negotiations are underway with the local Employment Center
The second part of the discussion focused on the available ways for relocated communities to attract resources. Read more by following this link
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https://ldn.org.ua/en/event/identity-of-relocated-communities-challenges-and-ways-of-preservation-discussion-highlights-part-1/
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