San Diego State kicks off its season against Stony Brook on Thursday I never should have had to write this Comic Con will stay in San Diego for two more years Why I Resigned from the SDSU Antisemitism Task Force San Diego unveils first-ever cannabis lounge in National City for 4/20 weekend California Faculty Association challenges CSU’s OpenAI partnership as a breach of contract I sit surrounded by my makeshift bookshelf (organized in a way that only I understand) and magazines while rewatching “Sex and the City,” figuring out ways to become Carrie Bradshaw I got my hands on my first Vogue working in a car wash gift shop When you’re a teenager at a minimum wage job surrounded by air fresheners and oddly overpriced jewelry this gift shop was more of a boutique that just happened to be inside a carwash which meant my older women co-workers had quite the magazine treasure I dream of walking city streets in impeccable shoes with a core group of girlfriends I realized I wanted to write about life happening all around me When you’re about to graduate from high school and an adult asks about your career aspirations and you say “to write about New York like Carrie Bradshaw,” it’s not always the correct answer When I got accepted into San Diego State University I wanted to make my dreams a reality as fast as I possibly could I discovered I love a good non-fiction book and that a great documentary is a beautiful thing I’ve realized journalistic writing is my space – New Yorker-style advice columns broadway production features and breaking down the worst runway looks of the spring Any topic can be captivating when handled creatively and intelligently I embraced the inevitable uncertainties in pursuing my passion for writing But also the excitement and courage to move forward trusting in the power of words to reveal something new as the current editor of the Arts and Culture Section at the Daily Aztec I found a love for covering cultural events and topics with artistic aspects and aesthetic influences I found a home in arts and culture writing where some of my favorite pieces focus on live music I got to experience and report on the diverse lives of San Diego locals I figured out how to adapt my journalistic voice to resonate across different genres and audiences columns on the latest trends and even a one-off sports feature I learned how to commit to any idea or pitch and turn it into a publishable feature story I became a real journalist with hands-on experience After this past summer as an editorial intern at San Diego Magazine where I contributed to editorial meetings and wrote stories for both print and online I’ve continued to contribute to the publication as a freelance writer which has felt surreal I think seventeen-year-old me – who played just about every sport growing up and had been on the S.T.E.A.M only to burn out way too young – would be completely shocked But I wouldn’t have made it here if it wasn’t for my support system just to proofread my story for the sixth time; to my mom who listens to all the behind-the-scenes juice of every article; to my seven roommates who’ve become my absolute best friends and will sit with me for hours at a café drinking an unhealthy amount of overpriced coffee and to both sets of grandparents who not only figured out how to read every single article online but also print them out and proudly mass share them on Facebook To my professors (shoutout to David Coddon for changing my journalistic journey with SPJ seriously); to the Arts and Culture editors before me and to my inspiring contributors and staff writers now… thank you SDSU showed me that teenage dreams don’t have to be just dreams to hook the reader and make them want to stay– just like I did when I realized I wanted to do this for the rest of my life creating pieces that make people smile and maybe even occasionally cry Articles that make readers want to share with their best friends and ones they can’t put down and I want to help others fall in love with it too By subscribing, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Nike is gearing up for the summer for another classic Air Force 1 Low iteration The latest “Aztec” colorway features a clean sail shade throughout with a sturdy canvas construct for the upper base The tongue features a bold blue Nike Air branding that includes a subtle Aztec-inspired pattern The insoles also feature a geometric print on the insole to add another touch of detail The shoe’s sit atop a sail outsole and midsole to round out the design to match an Aztec-inspired fabric Swoosh on the lateral Look out for the pair arriving in the summer SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The San Diego State men's golf team is riding high after winning its fourth straight Mountain West Championship the team has its sights set on reaching the NCAA Championship at Omni La Costa Resort The Aztecs learned during Monday's NCAA selection show that they'll be heading to Tallahassee where they'll need to finish in the top five to advance to the championship in Carlsbad "There's a lot of belief flowing through the room right now and everybody really knows how good each other's game is and I think when a whole team has that belief they can be dangerous and I think that's the mindset we're going to take to the postseason," senior captain Justin Hastings said Confidence is soaring for the team after Hastings recently shot a 52 to help secure the conference championship and NCAA tournament berth Team members gathered on campus to watch the selection show erupting in cheers when they learned their destination While the cross-country trip presents challenges longtime coach Ryan Donovan remains unfazed We won't make it a big deal that we're going across the country we plan on being back here at La Costa the week after," Donovan said He recently competed in the Masters after qualifying by winning the Latin American Amateur Championship finishing as the low amateur in his two rounds at Augusta National "I think the best advice I got was from Patrick Reed in the practice round He was really big on just playing your game," Hastings said The Aztecs earned a 3-seed in the Tallahassee Regional and will rely on their exceptional depth While golf is typically viewed as an individual sport Donovan realizes the importance of the team culture "We don't talk about individual titles at all; it's all about the team so we kind of put that in their head," Donovan said Donovan has found the perfect team leader in Hastings He's worked at that over the years," Donovan said "I take pride in being a leader on this team This story was reported by a journalist and has been converted to this platform with the assistance of AI Our editorial team verifies all reporting on all platforms for fairness and accuracy shared Thursday that its testnet has finally gone live.The announcement comes as a wave of new privacy-focused solutions begin to capture interests from large institutions who need confidentiality with large transaction batches.The team behind Aztec said that they have been working on its solution for over 8 years bringing the cutting-edge technology one step closer to mainnet.Aztec shared Thursday that its testnet has finally gone live The team behind Aztec said that they have been working on the product for over 8 years bringing the cutting-edge technology one step closer to the mainnet Aztec differs from other zero-knowledge rollups because it is focused on helping applications and users preserve their private details by incorporating encryption on the protocol level “All of the secret information that you want to keep encrypted it's posted on our blockchain in an encrypted form,” said Zac Williamson Layer-2 networks have appeared en masse in the Ethereum space over the past few years and are seen as a faster and cheaper alternative to transacting on the Ethereum protocol But Aztec will have to give up elements of that in order to preserve its mission of being privacy-preserving as well as decentralized “A fully private transaction will have more data associated with it Which means that you've required more resources therefore you cannot scale as much,” Williamson said Aztec's unique value proposition is not scaling but we never need to be as cheap as other layer 2s.” Institutions have long sought privacy-preserving tools since they are key to handling sensitive transaction data for public ledgers. Aztec raised $100 million in a series B in 2022 when conversations around blockchain privacy started to take off Recently, privacy-preserving tools are re-emerging as key to the industry as big institutions begin to come on-chain. On Tuesday, privacy solution Miden said it had raised $25 million in seed fundingfrom a16z Read more: DeFi Privacy Bridge Aztec Connect Sunsets After Less Than a Year CORRECTION (May 1, 2025, 15:30 UTC): An earlier version of this story said that Paradigm led the $100 million series B round for Aztec, but it was a16z. Margaux Nijkerk reports on the Ethereum protocol and L2s. A graduate of Johns Hopkins and Emory universities, she has a masters in International Affairs & Economics. She holds BTC and ETH above CoinDesk's disclosure threshold of $1,000. Facebook EmailSAN DIEGO – Season tickets for San Diego State volleyball’s upcoming 2025 campaign are now on sale Season tickets cost just $60 ($40 for seniors) and are available for purchase here. The Aztecs open the home portion of their Mountain West schedule against Wyoming on Thursday before batting defending conference champion Colorado State on Saturday Along with the two aforementioned opponents SDSU’s 18-match conference slate includes additional home and away clashes with Boise State as well as single encounters against Air Force (home) and Nevada (away) The Aztecs’ exciting non-conference schedule Under the direction of sixth-year head coach Brent Hilliard San Diego State is coming off a 20-10 season in 2024 when it advanced to the semifinals of the Mountain West Championship The Aztecs return 10 letterwinners from last year’s squad, including all-Mountain West honoree Taylor Underwood who led the team with 3.52 points and 3.18 kills per set the SDSU opposite hitter finished fourth on the squad with 56 total blocks tying her career high with five rejections vs when she set a collegiate best with three solo stuffs In addition, the Scarlet and Black welcomes back libero Gianna Bender, who ranked seventh in the Mountain West with 3.50 digs per set (417 overall) and finished fourth on the squad in setting assists (135, 1.13/set) and service aces (25, 0.21/set). Earlier this spring, Underwood and Bender represented the Aztecs at the U.S. Volleyball National Open program in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Facebook EmailRuby Ruiz Box Score SAN DIEGO – Despite a furious rally San Diego State fell short in another high-scoring affair against New Mexico dropping a narrow 9-8 decision in the second game of a Mountain West series Saturday at Tony Gwynn Stadium 10-13 MW) slip into a tie for fifth place in the conference standings with Air Force Trailing 9-5 after UNM plated three runs in the top of the eighth, SDSU inched closer with a pair of markers in the bottom of the inning before threatening in the ninth, courtesy of Nevan Noonan’s leadoff homer to left saddling the snakebit Aztecs with another tough defeat All nine batters in SDSU’s starting lineup recorded at least one hit while Arambula collected two hits of his own the top four batters in UNM's lineup finished with two hits apiece The Lobos grabbed an early 2-0 lead in the first when Wood drew a leadoff walk while Oriach and Ott followed with consecutive doubles while Kelly capped the surge with a sacrifice fly UNM began chipping away at the deficit in the fourth when Josh McAlister singled stole second and scored on Karsen Waslefsky’s base hit to left the Lobos knotted the game at 5-5 on Asby’s two-run double to right-center who previously reached on a single and a walk The score remained deadlocked until the seventh when New Mexico jumped in front to stay on Ott’s two-out double down the left-field line who led off with a single and later stole second The Lobos increased their advantage to 9-5 in the eighth with three markers on just one hit and four walks off three Aztec pitchers. After Xavier Cardenas III walked Waslefsky and Walker, Wood greeted new reliever Evan Miranda with an RBI double to left while Asby drew another base on balls to load the bases Connor Shaw was summoned from the bullpen at this juncture and quickly struck out Oriach before issuing a walk to Ott Mansy legged out a potential double-play grounder to second Jackson subsequently ignited SDSU’s rally in the bottom of the frame with a double to left before racing home on Kelly’s RBI single. Kelly, who took second on the throw, advanced to third on a passed ball, while pinch hitter Drew Rutter walked Kelly crossed the plate when a force play at second was muffed by Cooper Brass on Bates’ grounder up the middle After Shaw pitched a scoreless ninth for the host school Noonan greeted Barnhouse with his fifth round-tripper of the season on a 2-1 pitch while Arambula came through with a triple that fell between Wood and Walker in left-center under a heavy mist following a groundout Arambula was left stranded after Barnhouse retired the next two batters Despite giving up two runs (one earned) and one walk, UNM’s third pitcher of the game Luke Wiseman (4-0), while Aztec starter Omar Serrano (6.2 IP, 6 R) absorbed the loss (4-6). UP NEXTSan Diego State will look to salvage the final game of its weekend series against New Mexico when the teams lock horns on Sunday at noon PT. Facebook EmailVanilla Gorilla PhotographySAN DIEGO – San Diego State continues its Mountain West docket this weekend when it welcomes New Mexico for a key three-game series Friday’s opener is scheduled to begin at 6 p.m while Saturday’s showdown is slated for a 4 p.m while Friday’s game will air live on the Mountain West Network with links to both platforms available on GoAztecs.com Fans can also catch Friday's action on their TVs or smartphones by downloading the MW app Plenty of promotions are on tap for the upcoming weekend highlighted by Friday night’s Tony Gwynn bobblehead giveaway to the first 500 spectators The Aztecs will also conduct an ALS Awareness Day in conjunction with Saturday’s contest recognizing individuals and families impacted by ALS The series concludes on Sunday with a Star Wars Day promotion with several Star Wars-themed activities planned fans are encouraged to wear costumes of their favorite characters SETTING THE SCENEEntering this weekend’s series 10-11 MW) finds itself slotted fourth in the Mountain West standings The Aztecs dropped a three-game conference series at UNLV last weekend while the Lobos captured two of three meetings at home against San José State posting a pair of huge seven-inning run-rule victories SDSU is coming off a tough 7-6 non-conference defeat at UC Riverside on Tuesday night The Lobos are one of four Mountain West teams the Aztecs will face just once during the regular season along with Air Force (road) PROBABLE PITCHING MATCHUPSFriday, May 2, SDSU: Marko Sipila Saturday, May 3, SDSU: Omar Serrano Sunday, May 4, SDSU: Garvey Rumary Sipila returns to the lineup after missing the previous two series at San José State and UNLV The Aztec junior matched his career high with nine strikeouts in 6 2/3 innings against Fresno State in his last start on April 11 but was charged with the loss in a 7-0 defeat Sipila picked up his last victory at Air Force on April 4 in SDSU’s 16-4 rout when he gave up three runs on eight hits and three walks in five innings of work Serrano looks for a return to form when he tossed a complete game shutout in the series finale at San José State on April 19 the Aztec senior scattered four hits with just one walk and posted six strikeouts to earn MW Pitcher of the Week honors for the second time in his career Rumary also emerged triumphant in the opener at SJSU on April 17 when he yielded two runs (one earned) on two hits and two walks in a career-long six innings with four strikeouts the Aztec staff leads the Mountain West innings pitched (393.0) and is slotted second in strikeouts (364) while ranking fifth in both ERA (7.12) and opposing batting average (.302) who are tied for fourth with 19 games apiece Cardenas shares the fourth position in the league with five saves while Rodgers is tied for seventh with three in that statistic Elsewhere, Omar Serrano ranks fourth in the MW in innings pitched (61.2) and shares the fifth spot in victories (4) while occupying the seventh position in strikeouts (53) Additionally, Garvey Rumary is tied for second in fewest hits allowed (53) and shares the third spot in opponent batting average (.275) Despite missing his last two starts, Marko Sipila still finds himself among the conference leaders in strikeouts (T-5th SDSU is slotted third in the MW with 90 doubles and 16 triples while ranking fourth with 176 walks the Scarlet and Black occupies the sixth position in hits (420) and the seventh spot in batting average (.275) Finley Bates is tied for the conference lead with 33 walks, while Nevan Noonan shares the fourth position with 61 hits and the seventh spot with 15 doubles Elsewhere, Evan Sipe owns the top perch in the league with 10 sacrifice hits, followed by Drew Rutter (T-3rd, 6) and Jonathan Smith (T-7th Jackson and Smith have already tied the program record with two triples in a game this year Jackson accomplished the feat in the season opener vs followed by Smith’s performance at Air Force on April 7 Noonan and Arambula are the only two players to start all 46 games for the Scarlet and Black this season Arambula is lone Aztec to start every contest at one position (third base) while Bates (leadoff) leads the team with 41 games played in the same spot in the batting order Arambula garnered Mountain West Freshman of the Week accolades after leading the Scarlet and Black to a doubleheader sweep of San José State on March 15 when he batted a combined .571 (4-for-7) with two homers In SDSU’s 6-4 victory over Fresno State on April 12 Noonan belted his first two home runs in an Aztec uniform including a two-run shot in the first inning before adding a solo blast in the fourth Noonan completed San Diego State’s first game with multiple home runs since Shaun Montoya hit a pair at Nevada on May 17 After his 2-for-4 performance at UCR on April 29 Moran has extended his streak of reaching base safely to 19 consecutive games Since returning from an injury against UCSD on April 15 Moran leads the team in batting average (.429) hits (15) and on-base percentage (.500) while contributing three doubles Moran is batting .385 (42-109) with 11 doubles native ranks third on the squad with multiple RBIs in seven games including three in the second game of a doubleheader vs Since March 28, a stretch of 21 games, Noonan is hitting .412 with team highs of 35 hits, four homers and 24 RBIs, followed by Bates (.338), Arambula (.333), Smith (.321) and Jake Jackson (.319) Jackson recorded eight consecutive hits across two contests and tied a single-game school record with four doubles in the opener helping the Scarlet and Black to a big 16-4 victory All 17 of San Diego State’s freshmen have seen action this season, including pitcher Aaron Kniffin who returned from an injury to make his collegiate debut against California Baptist on April 8 He also fanned a season-high three batters at USD on April 21 Tripaldi singled in his first collegiate at-bat with a grounder through the right side in the eighth Escobar has started 22 of 28 games at shortstop while Tripaldi made his first career start at Washington State on March 22 McBean earned his initial career start on the mound in the Aztecs’ home opener against Seattle on Feb The SDSU left-hander earned his first collegiate victory on April 22 against Cal State Fullerton when he allowed one run on seven scattered hits and three walks in five innings of work In addition, catcher Xavier Farnum made his first career start at USC on April 1, finishing with one hit, one walk and a run scored, while Keynen Gomez earned his first collegiate start at second base vs Farnum has started seven of his last 11 games played collecting nine hits in 27 at-bats (.333) with one double The Aztecs are 14-1 this season when leading after seven innings suffering their first loss in that category at UCR on Tuesday night SDSU is also 13-1 this year when limiting opponents to five runs or fewer and 13-2 when outhitting the opposition San Diego State has emerged victorious in 85 of its last 137 games dating back to 2019 when hitting a home run a 14-13 ledger during the 2024 campaign and a 14-12 record in 2023 the Aztecs are 77-63 in their last 140 games when striking out 10 or more batters SDSU pitchers fanned 17 hitters in its season opener against Seton Hall at the MLB Desert Invitational The Aztecs are 179-71 over the last seven-plus seasons when scoring five or more runs including a stellar 38-6 record during the 2017 campaign NEW MEXICOThe Aztecs lead the all-time series vs SDSU has won 16 of the last 21 meetings against New Mexico since the 2021 campaign The Lobos are one of five programs the Aztecs have recorded over 100 victories against a 46-45 mark on the road and a 10-4 ledger on a neutral field the Aztecs posted a 2-4 record against the Lobos winning two of three games at Tony Gwynn Stadium before suffering a weekend sweep in Albuquerque San Diego State dropped the opener by a 5-2 count before storming back with a doubleheader sweep by scores of 8-6 and 13-0 punctuated by former Aztec Jacob Riordan's no-hitter which marked the ninth such occasion in program history SDSU pitchers held the Lobos to a .155 batting average for that weekend after they entered with a conference-leading .332 clip Conversely, the Aztec offense came to life in the series, posting a collective .345 batting average (35-102) with nine doubles, three homers and 19 RBIs, as Finley Bates hit .467 (7-15) across three games Bates batted .423 (11-26) with four walks and five runs scored 12-9 MW) enters the weekend tied for second in the Mountain West standings after claiming a series victory at home against San José State the Lobos raised their record to 18-6 at home this year while maintaining a 7-12 mark in road/neutral contests UNM owns a 9-3 mark on their home field in conference play and a 3-6 ledger on the road the Lobos are paced by outfielders Jordy Oriach (.410/.500/.777) Khalil Walker (.399/.455/.627) and first baseman Ethan Ott (.387/.489/.754) all of whom find themselves among the conference top 10 in numerous statistical categories Oriach is tied for the conference lead with 13 home runs and 18 doubles while ranking second in hits (68) and RBIs (50) the UNM junior ranks 19th nationally with 1.62 hits per game while his .410 batting average is tied for 20th Walker leads the MW in triples (15) and is slotted third in hits (68) Ott shares the third spot in doubles (17) and ranks fourth in both runs scored (42) and home runs (11) while tying for fifth in RBIs (40) outfielder Will Asby (.316) is tied for fifth in home runs (10) and doubles (16) while infielder Akili Carris (.336) is slotted fourth in RBIs (41) the Lobos top the Mountain West in most statistics UNM’s .341 batting average and 2.74 doubles per game leads the nation while its average of 9.4 runs per game is ranked sixth New Mexico pitchers are tied for the league lead in saves (12) and are slotted fourth in strikeouts (332) opponent batting average (.320) and ERA (8.41) Closer Ty Cunningham leads the MW with 10 saves while fellow reliever Josh Barnhouse is slotted second in the conference with 22 appearances Friday’s projected starter Daxton Purser occupies the fourth spot in the league in strikeouts (64) and ranks seventh in opposing batting average (.287) Junior infielder/outfielder Luke Mansey graduated in 2021 from St. Augustine High School and was a teammate of Aztec infielder Nevan Noonan at Grossmont College in 2023 San Diego State has had 227 student-athletes chosen in the MLB First-Year Player Draft Former Aztec center fielder Cole Carrigg was taken by the Colorado Rockies as a catcher in the Competitive Balance "B" Round with the 65th overall pick of the 2023 MLB First-Year Player Draft; pitcher TJ Fondtain was selected by the Tampa Bay Rays in the 14th round (423rd overall) while fellow hurler Kelena Sauer went to the Toronto Blue Jays shortly thereafter in the 15th round (454th overall) SDSU has had multiple players picked in six of the last eight years and nine of the last 12 former Aztec right-hander Troy Melton was chosen by the Detroit Tigers in the fourth round with the 117th selection overall SDSU had five individuals drafted by MLB organizations: Mike Jarvis and Wyatt Hendrie (Pirates) Jaden Fein (Nationals) and Michael Paredes (Twins) MW TO HOST 2025 BASEBALL CHAMPIONSHIP IN MESA, ARIZONAThe Mountain West, in partnership with the Arizona Sport and Entertainment Commission, will host the Credit 1 Baseball Championship, May 21-24 at Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona. The agreement marks the first time the MW baseball tournament will be held on a neutral field and in the state of Arizona. “Hosting the baseball championship in a first-class venue like Sloan Park is a tremendous opportunity for the Mountain West, our baseball student-athletes and our fan base,” said MW Commissioner Gloria Nevarez. The six-team double elimination format begins on Wednesday, May 21, with the No. 3 seed facing the No. 6 seed. The second game will feature the No. 4 and No. 5 seeds. On Thursday, May 22, the top two seeded teams square off with the winners from Wednesday. The winners of Thursday’s first two contests advance to Friday, while the losing teams battle in elimination games. The MW champion will be crowned on Saturday, May 24, earning the league’s automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Ticket information for the 2025 Credit Union 1 Mountain West Baseball Championship will be available at a later date. UP NEXTFollowing this weekend’s action, San Diego State wraps up its non-conference schedule on Tuesday, May 6, when it plays host to CSUN at Tony Gwynn Stadium. First pitch is slated for 6 p.m. PT. Facebook EmailLOS ANGELES – San Diego State water polo surrendered six first quarter goals and was not able to recover in a 16-9 loss to 3-seed and No 21-ranked University of Pacific in the third-place game at the Golden Coast Conference Tournament at Burns Aquatic Center on the campus of Loyola Marymount on Sunday the Aztecs finish the season in fourth place in the league standing with a 15-15 record while UOP finishes in third place with a record of 14-10 finished the game with a pair and completed her Aztec career with 203 but the Tigers responded with five scores in the next four minutes UOP tied the match at 6:06 and took a 2-1 lead at the 5:30 mark They then moved ahead 3-1 with a goal at 4:36 Bullock ended the run with 2:24 to go with a tally to make it 5-2 but Pacific responded to the Aztecs’ strike with its sixth of the opening eight minutes scoring with 1:51 on the clock and sending the game to the second quarter with the Aztecs trailing 6-2 Stoupas, like the first quarter, scored the initial goal of the second, 16 seconds in and on an assist by Claudia Valdes but the Tigers needed just 18 seconds to get the goal back and it was 7-3 at 7:26 Stoupas got the hat trick to make it 8-4 with 4:42 to go before the half but the four-goal deficit would be as close as San Diego State would get Pacific pushed the lead back to five goals 22 seconds later and then 10-4 at the 2:52 mark Gish made it 10-5 on an assist by Kanemy at 1:08 UOP got the goal back to send the game to the intermission with SDSU down 11-5 The lone goal of the fourth quarter came just over halfway through the period, at 3:53, to give the Tigers the winning margin, 16-9. San Diego State: 2-3-4-0 - 9Pacific: 6-5-4-1 - 16 San Diego State Goals: Stoupas (4), Bullock, Chambers, Gish, Murphy, StarkPacific Goals: D. Alaksza (4), Petkov (4), Cowan (2), McGowan (2), Futorian, Jacobson, Johnston, Zlobinsky San Diego State Saves: Lagerlof (5), Ahovelo (2)Pacific Saves: Dulic (7), Cooper (4) Facebook EmailDerrick Tuskan/San Diego StateSAN DIEGO – The San Diego State softball team will wrap up its 2025 regular season slate this weekend with a three-game series at SDSU Softball Stadium against San Jose State PT on Saturday with Thursday and Saturday’s games scheduled to appear on the Mountain West Network 13-6) enters the weekend in second place in the Mountain West behind Nevada (15-4) The Aztecs can take the MW regular season title with a sweep of the Spartans if Nevada gets swept by Colorado State SDSU would clinch the second seed in the conference tournament and a bye with a series win over the Spartans SJSU has also clinched a spot in the tournament and can be as high as the fourth seed or as low as the sixth seed The tournament will be held at SDSU Softball Stadium from May 7-10 the Aztecs are hosting the tournament for a record fourth time and no other team in the history of the conference has hosted multiple times San Diego State leads 41-23 in the all-time series against the Spartans. The Aztecs have won the last 13 meetings since April 17, 2021, and are 11-0 under Stacey Nuveman Deniz against SJSU The average margin of victory in those 13 wins is 5.3 runs Since the Spartans joined the Mountain West for the 2014 season The Aztecs were unable to maintain a 4-1 advantage in the ninth inning as the Lobos plated five runs to take a 6-4 lead SDSU responded with a pair of markers in its half of the frame to tie the score at 6-6 and send the game into extra innings New Mexico erupted for three additional runs in the 10th to reclaim a 9-6 edge and withstood a fierce rally in the bottom of the inning when the Aztecs left the bases loaded with the potential winning run at first 10-12 MW) now shares the fourth spot in the conference standings with UNLV 13-9 MW) remain tied with Nevada for the second spot Despite allowing three runs on two hits and four walks in two innings, UNM closer Ty Cunningham (2-1) was credited with the victory, while Aidan Russell (1.0 IP 4 R) was charged with loss for the Scarlet and Black Jordy Oriach (3-for-5) and Will Asby (1-for-4) led New Mexico with three RBIs while Ethan Ott (1 RBI) and Khalil Walker collected two hits apiece On the flip side, SDSU was paced by Jonathan Smith (2-for-5) and CJ Moran (2-for-4), who each drove in a pair runs, while Zane Kelly finished with two hits of his own Oriach’s two-run double keyed the Lobos’ outburst in the ninth off Xavier Cardenas III sandwiched between Asby’s bases-loaded walk and an RBI single by Ott on an infield hit behind the bag at second Luke Mansy then followed with a sacrifice fly to give the visitors a 6-4 lead Stung, Finley Bates drew a leadoff walk for the Scarlet and Black and promptly scored on Smith’s triple to the gap in right field with Smith sliding home safely to knot the score at 6-6 Cunningham received a strikeout and a flyout to send the contest into extra innings The Lobos quickly loaded the bases in the 10th inning when Cooper Brass was hit by a pitch and Tye Wood threaded a grounder through the right side Asby soon followed with a sharp single to right center before Wood raced home on Oriach’s sacrifice fly Cunningham got Moran to ground into a fielder’s choice at shortstop to end SDSU’s final hopes UNM starter Daxton Purser gave up four runs (one earned) on seven hits and three walks with four strikeouts in six innings while Josh Barnhouse (1 H) followed with three punchouts of his own in two scoreless frames Lobos grabbed an early 1-0 lead in the second when Akili Carris reached on a fielding error and later circled the bases on Karsen Waslefsky’s double to left The Aztecs finally broke their scoring drought in the third after Bates drew a walk and ultimately crossed the plate when Noonan reached on a fielding error at third base Noonan raced home on Moran’s double into the right-field corner SDSU extended its lead in the fourth on Evan Sipe’s sacrifice fly before building a 4-1 bulge in the fifth when Bates reached on an errant throw at third and eventually scored on Moran’s single through the right side UP NEXTSan Diego State continues its series against New Mexico on Saturday at 4 p.m. PT. Omar Serrano (4-5) is projected to start for the Aztecs against the Lobos’ Christian Mogen (2-2). Metrics details Many ancient cultures used musical tools for social and ritual procedures with the Aztec skull whistle being a unique exemplar from postclassic Mesoamerica Skull whistles can produce softer hiss-like but also aversive and scream-like sounds that were potentially meaningful either for sacrificial practices solid psychoacoustic evidence for any theory is missing especially how human listeners cognitively and affectively respond to skull whistle sounds Using psychoacoustic listening and classification experiments we show that skull whistle sounds are predominantly perceived as aversive and scary and as having a hybrid natural-artificial origin Skull whistle sounds attract mental attention by affectively mimicking other aversive and startling sounds produced by nature and technology They were psychoacoustically classified as a hybrid mix of being voice- and scream-like but also originating from technical mechanisms we furthermore found that skull whistle sounds received a specific decoding of the affective significance in the neural auditory system of human listeners accompanied by higher-order auditory cognition and symbolic evaluations in fronto-insular-parietal brain systems Skull whistles thus seem unique sound tools with specific psycho-affective effects on listeners and Aztec communities might have capitalized on the scary and scream-like nature of skull whistles These ancient musical instruments and tools often have specific natural and/or mythological associations in their cultural context given their sound quality (sound iconography) as well as their construction and visual appearance (visual iconography) a Human sacrifice with original skull whistle (small red box and enlarged rotated view in lower right) discovered 1987–89 at the Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl temple in Mexico City Mexico (burial 20; photo by Salvador Guillien Arroyo b Three original skull whistle exemplars from the collection of the Ethnological Museum in Berlin (Staatliche Mussen zu Berlin c A computer-tomographically (CT) reconstructed cross-section of the right exemplar in (b) (IV Ca 2621m) showing the four major compartments ((a) tubular airduct with constricted passage d Replicas of original skull whistles were built as a copy of original exemplars in shape and material Exemplars “Replica 2621z” and “Replica 2621v” (manufactured by Arnd Adje Both and Osvaldo Padrón Pérez) as replicas of the original skull whistles with inventory numbers IV Ca 2621z and IV Ca 2621 v as shown in (b) e Digitalization and 3D reconstruction of the skull whistle replicas by using CT scans of the replicas f 3D models of an original skull whistle (Ethnological Museum IV Ca 2621u) and the Replica 2621z demonstrate the air flow dynamics given a presumed but so far unsubstantiated association with collective warfare by Aztec communities to scare enemies (which we refer to as “warfare hypothesis”) We here use the more neutral label of “skull whistles” for these Aztec instruments given their general appearance as portraying a human or mystical skull that figures as the sound body of the whistle there is currently a diversity of potential archeoacoustic and iconographic theories concerning the skull whistles which mainly relate to the acoustic and symbolic sound features of skull whistles Experimentally exploring the perceptual effects of skull whistles could help to assess the psychoacoustic effects on human listeners as well as to discuss the potential archeoacoustic and pragmatic use of skull whistles by Aztec communities for affective (creating ritual wind-like atmospheres scaring by scream-like quality) and/or symbolic purposes (mythical piercing winds As for any human experimental study with a historical perspective direct experiments cannot be performed with original Aztec humans We however performed experiments with naïve European listeners from unbiased community samples We specifically report data from various analytical approaches to first assess the physical and acoustic nature of skull whistles on the one hand we performed seven different psychoacoustic and neuroscientific laboratory experiments to assess the perceptual nature of skull whistles during their processing by humans The data reported here would provide knowledge in two major perspectives we assessed how modern humans respond to sounds produced by unique archeological artifacts that represent important historical sound tools from an archeoacoustic perspective and as outlined above three major hypotheses exist so far concerning the cultural and practical meaning of skull whistles (warfare hypothesis Each hypothesis would likely predict differential effects of skull whistle sounds on human listeners and we here took a precise experimental approach to obtain confirmatory evidence that is potentially in favor of certain hypotheses Some noise whistles forming part of the Aztec fire snake incense ladles are stored in the Museo Nacional de Antropología and the Museo del Templo Mayor 44.1 kHz) from the two abovementioned skull whistles excavated by Salvador Guilliem Arroyo at the temple precinct of Tlatelolco we extracted a total of 20 short sound files that were included in further analyses We also obtained sound recordings of three noise whistles forming part of Aztec fire snake incense ladles discovered by Leopoldo Batres in Find No which is an offering site of the temple precinct of Tenochtitlan The fire snake incense ladles have the same skull whistle construction at their rear end and can produce the same sounds as skull whistles we extracted a total of 15 short sound files from playing these exemplars The CT scans enabled us to create high-quality 3D objects based on a digital surface reconstruction of the surface of the objects and these CT scans allowed us to virtually explore the outer and inner architecture of the original skull whistles We also acquired high-resolution CT scans (Siemens CT Somatom Definition AS+ scanner section resolution 0.128 mm3) of these two replicas and created high-quality 3D objects from the replicas This helped to confirm the similarity between the original and the replica skull whistles The category of replica skull whistles that were used in this study also included four skull whistles that were artisanal creations based on the general description of skull whistles in the literature These additional artisanal skull whistles (SW art) were also made of clay and constructed along the general principles of skull whistles including the four major compartments We thus used a total of six replica skull whistles and we asked n = 5 humans (3 male and 2 female participants SD 7.92) to produce the typical sounds of the skull whistles using three different levels of air pressure (SW low This resulted in a total of 270 sound recordings (mono 16 bit 44.1 kHz) from these replicas and artisanal skull whistles Careful handling only allowed us to record sounds from original whistles as described above with a normal air pressure intensity but sound recordings from replica skull whistles were acquired with low (SW low) as air pressure intensity can produce different sound qualities Obtaining sound recordings with different air pressure levels ensured that the acoustic analysis was not biased towards a certain sound quality of the skull whistle The total number of sounds was n = 2567 with a mono 16 bit encoding and a 44.1 kHz sampling rate Each sound file was cropped to 800 ms and all sounds were normalized to have the same RMS The final sound pressure level was set to SPL 70 dBA for all sounds with a fade-in/out of 15 ms we first converted the amplitude waveform to a log amplitude of its spectrogram obtained by using Gaussian windows and a log-frequency axis The MPS results from the amplitude squared as a function of the Fourier pairs of the time (temporal modulation in Hz) and frequency axis (spectral modulation in cycles/octave) of the spectrogram The low-pass filter boundaries of the modulation spectrum were set to 200 Hz for the temporal modulation rate and to 12 cycles/octave for the spectral modulation rate A statistical difference of the MPS from the 4 skull whistle sound categories (SW orig SW low) compared with sounds from the other 9 major sound categories (mus music ins instruments) was tested using a permutation approach (n = 2000) by shuffling category labels resulting in a log-transformed p-value map for the entire spectral and temporal range of the MPS in terms of the difference between categories Based on the pattern of the 1582 acoustic features, we performed a presentational similarity analysis (RSA) according to a procedure and code described previously22 The RSA is based on a calculation of pairwise distances between pairs of sounds across all sounds and all 1582 acoustic features and distance/similarity was calculated as Pearson correlation between acoustic patterns This resulted in an acoustic similarity matrix with values defined as [1-correlation] and thus with a range of [0-2] for highest-to-lowest similarity first on all 2567 sounds for getting similarity estimation across all sounds and a second RSA was performed on the 305 skull whistle sounds only to estimate the similarity within these sounds The skull whistle sounds were divided in 20 categories including one category of original Aztec skull whistle sounds (orig whis) one category of Aztec fire snake incense ladles (orig snake) two replica skull whistle categories (rep1 and four artisanal skull whistle sounds (art1 We additionally performed a hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to generate dendrograms of how sound categories cluster together based on their acoustic patterns we calculated the Euclidean distance between sounds based on their z-transformed values of acoustic features and the linkage in clusters was determined as the weighted average distance Nodes were grouped with a linkage cluster threshold of c < 2.0 All 2567 sounds were subjected to a perceptual rating analysis by n = 70 human listeners (27 male and 43 female participants the adjectives female/male refer to sex (not gender) and the participants provided the information via self-report All participants in the studies described were recruited by public announcements and volunteered to participate Participants were reimbursed with CHF 15 per hour or with course credits for their participation Participants gave informed and written consent for their participation following the ethical and data security guidelines of the University of Zürich (Switzerland) All experiments were approved by the cantonal ethics committee of the Swiss canton of Zürich (#2017-01086) Since a perpetual rating of all sounds by one listener would have been extremely time-consuming and exhausting each listener only rated a random selection of n = 221–433 sounds Listeners were asked to rate each sound along four different dimensions on a visual analog scale setup using 10-point Likert scales Ratings were done on the arousal level elicited by the sounds (0 not arousing at all the urgency to respond to the sounds (0 no urgency at all the naturalness of sounds (0 not natural at all and the valence of sounds (−5 highly negative Ratings were obtained and summarized for the 4 skull whistle sound categories (SW orig SW high) and for the 9 categories of other sounds (human Each sound was rated ten times by a random selection of ten out of the 70 participants The mean of these ten ratings was calculated and plotted in the 4-dimensional space of ratings we calculated the distribution of ratings across all participants for the 13 sound categories These distributions were used to calculate inter-rater consistencies (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC) and we calculated the statistical differences in ratings across the sound categories using by fitting a linear mixed model (LME) to the data: with the “rating” being each of the 4 rating scales separately “category” being the 13 sound categories as a fixed effect and “participant” as a random effect factor Based on the pattern of the 4 perceptual rating scales we performed a presentational similarity analysis (RSA) similar to the pattern of acoustic features (see above) This RSA analysis was again performed two times We again also performed a hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to generate dendrograms of how sound categories cluster together based on their perceptual ratings and the nodes were grouped with a linkage cluster threshold of c < 2.0 To obtain an unbiased estimate about how human listeners would label skull whistle sounds and sounds of the other sound categories we performed a free choice labeling experiment with n = 40 human listeners (15 male and 25 female participants We presented a balanced selection of 200 out of the total 2567 sounds to each participant; this selection was necessary to ensure that we could obtain labels from each participant within a reasonable duration of the experiment We selected sounds from the major sound categories including 8 SW orig 8 SW low sounds as well as 32 nature (8 thunder We asked human listeners to provide two types of written labels in English for each of these sounds: first participants were asked to provide a single substantive label (referred to as sounds “Labels”) for each sound that would best describe the object or process that most likely produced the sound; second participants were asked to provide a single adjective (referred to as “Adjectives”) for each sound that would best describe the affective nature and human reaction to the sound and numbers were removed; misspelling was corrected where unambiguous (otherwise replaced with “unidentified” label); plural was converted to singular; generic names were removed (e.g. “emotion”) and replaced with the “unidentified” label; synonyms were unified using Microsoft’s synonym checker; and words were unified to the most common word stem we quantified the relative occurrence of labels for each sound calculated as the total number of occurrences multiplied by the percentage of participants that used this label; the resulting numbers were divided by 100 for better plotting and representation of the data FDR corrected) to determine if the relative occurrence numbers were significantly greater than would be expected by chance given the probability of labels/adjectives Based on the categorical re-labeling of the original substantive labels and adjectives we again determined the relative occurrence of these new labels the same way as was done for the original labels We again used a binomial test (p < 0.05 FDR corrected) to determine if the relative occurrence numbers of labels/adjectives were significantly greater than would be expected by chance given the probability of labels/adjectives we also performed a Correspondence Analysis (CA) to estimate the principal dimension that could represent data on a more general level we used Pearson’s Chi-squared test to evaluate the level of dependency of row (sounds) and column elements (labels we retained 3 dimensions for the substantive labels (explained variance 61.31%) and 3 dimensions for the adjectives (explained variance 69.39%) to obtain a 3-dimensional representation of all sounds in a sound category and a sound affective space To assess how humans classify skull whistle and other sounds into three major sound categories as a basic process of sound processing and classification we presented a selection of 72 sounds to human listeners in two separate experiments with separate samples of human participants In the first experiment with 76 participants (24 male and 52 female participants SD 4.46; four out of the original 79 datasets were not included because of non-recorded responses due to technical response device errors) we included sounds from 6 sound categories consisting of 12 SW orig These sounds were presented twice in random order participants listened to each sound and classified it afterward as belonging to one of three categories (animated The category “animated” sound had to be chosen if participants believed that the sound was produced by a living organism the category “technical” sound had to be chosen if the sound originated from a technical device or process and the category “environment” had to be chosen if the sound originated from a non-living environmental object or process The next trial started 1 s after a category had been chosen for the current trials The second experiment was the same as the first experiment but instead of SW orig sounds we presented SW repl sounds here A different sample of 58 participants took part in the second experiment (17 male and 41 female participants SD 6.29; 3 of 61 datasets could not be included again due to technical response device errors) Data for the two experiments were analyzed separately and classification data were entered into a repeated measures analysis of variance with the within-subject factors sounds category (6 levels) and classification category (3 levels) Sounds can have different meanings and affective importance for human listeners The more meaningful and effectively engaging sounds are the more they attract attention and distract from other ongoing tasks We tested the meaningfulness and importance of skull whistle and other sounds using a dichotic listening experiment We again performed two different experiments here including the same 72 sounds as described in the section above but also including two additional categories of noise sounds (pink noise) and silent trials (no sounds presented on the unattended ear 47 human listeners (13 male and 34 female participants SD 4.21) listened to sounds from original skull whistles and other sounds that were presented on one ear while one of two simple sine wave tones was presented on the other ear The two sine wave tones were a 350 Hz (low tone) and a 370 Hz sine wave tone (high tone) Participants were asked to attend to the ear where these tones were presented and decide if the tone was “high” or “low” using two buttons and their right-hand index and middle finger The skull whistle and other sounds were presented on the unattended ear and each of these sounds was presented two times on the left (1 trial with low tone 1 trial with high tone) and two times on the right ear (1 trial with low tone There was a total of 384 trials split across two runs The first run was preceded by 16 training trials to familiarize participants with the task and the high/low tone there were 8 blocks of 24 trials with the attended ear and tone discrimination task switching with every block Button assignment and laterality of the first attended ear were counter-balanced across participants The second experiment included an independent sample of 47 human listeners (14 male and 33 female participants with the only difference being that we presented SW repl sounds instead of the SW orig sounds and reaction time and classification data were entered into a repeated measures analysis of variance with the within-subject factors sounds category (8 levels) and attended ear (2 levels) The experiment included 32 human participants (14 male and 18 female participants All participants had normal hearing and normal or corrected-to-normal vision Exclusion criteria were hearing and visual impairments as well as psychiatric or neurological disorders in life history Participants were invited to take part in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment (fMRI) to quantify brain activity during the processing of skull whistle and other sounds This experiment included the same 200 sounds that are described in the section for the free choice labeling experiment (see above) The experiment consisted of 4 different runs and each run presented all 200 sounds in random order as single trials Each run also contained a random selection of 20 trials in which sounds of the previous trial were repeated The participants’ task was to detect these sound repetitions and indicate the detection of a repeated sound by a button press with their right index finger Participants were asked to listen attentively to the sounds and the sound repetition task ensured that participants kept an attentive listening state All repetition trials were excluded from all further analyses Structural and functional brain data were recorded on a 3 T Philips Ingenia MR scanner by using a standard 32-channel head coil A high-resolution structural image was acquired by using a T1-weighted scan (301 contiguous 1.2 mm slices repetition time [TR]/echo time [TE] = 1.96 s/3.71 ms Functional whole-brain images were recorded by using a T2*-weighted echo-planar pulse imaging (EPI) sequence (TR 1.6 s flip angle [FA] 82°; in-plane resolution 220 × 114.2 mm voxel size 2.75 × 2.75 × 3.5 mm3; slice gap 0.6 mm) covering the whole brain the anatomical and functional images were then normalized to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) stereotactic space Functional images were re-sampled into an isotropic 2 mm3 voxel size during the normalization procedure All functional images were spatially smoothed with an 8 mm full-width half-maximum (FWHM) isotropic Gaussian kernel Functional brain data were then entered into a fixed-effects single-subject analysis with a general linear model (GLM) design matrix containing 26 separate regressors for each of the 25 sound categories plus an additional regressor for all repetition trials The 25 sound categories consisted of 4 skull whistle categories (SW orig 4 human sound categories (nonverbal vocalizations 4 categories for technical/synthetic sounds (alarm sounds 4 categories for nature and environment sounds (wind 4 categories of instrument sounds (Mexican flutes and one category of white/pink noise sounds Each sound category contained 8 individual sounds All sound trials were modeled with a stick function aligned to the onset of each stimulus which was then convolved with a standard hemodynamic response function (HRF) The design matrix also included six motion correction parameters as regressors of no interest to account for signal artifacts due to head motion Contrast images for each of the 25 main sound categories and from each participant were then taken to several separate random-effects factorial group-level analyses Different directional contrasts on the group-level were performed between conditions and were thresholded at a combined voxel threshold of p < 0.05 (FWE corrected) and a cluster extent threshold of k = 10 We computed seed-to-voxel analysis based on 10 regions of interest (ROI) The ROIs included three right-hemispheric frontal regions originating from the [SW > other sounds] contrast (MFC INS) and an additional parietal region in IPS The ROIs also included six bilateral regions in the auditory cortex (PTe ST) resulting from the [Other sounds > SW] contrast From all ten ROIs we extracted the time series of data in a 3 mm square around the peak voxel coordinate spurious sources of noise were estimated and removed by using an automated denoising procedure and the residual BOLD time series was band-pass filtered in the range 0.008–0.09 Hz to minimize the influence of physiological We performed a generalized psycho-physiological interaction (gPPI) analysis computing the interaction between the seed BOLD time series and a condition-specific factor when predicting each voxel BOLD time series gPPI allows the inclusion of the interaction factor of all task conditions simultaneously in the estimation model to better account for between-condition effects and influences We included all 24 original sound conditions in a single gPPI model based on a bivariate correlation approach between seed and target regions we specified seed-to-voxel analysis for the right fronto-parietal seeds regions during the task conditions including the four skull whistle sounds Two further seed-to-voxel analyses were set up for the left and right AC seed regions separately including the task conditions of all other 20 sound categories The significance threshold was set to a voxel-level threshold of p = 0.005 combined with an FWE-corrected cluster-level threshold of p = 0.05 To identify brain regions that encode the acoustic and perceptual similarity/difference of skull whistle sounds to the sounds of the other categories we correlated the results of an RSA analysis of the sounds used in this experiment with a voxel-wise indicator of functional brain activity differences between the sound categories This analysis procedure included several steps we repeated the RSA analysis as described above for the acoustical features of sounds (1582 acoustic features) and the perceptual rating pattern (4 rating scales) but we performed the analysis here only on the 200 sounds that have been used in this experiment This resulted in RSM patterns that encode the acoustic similarity/difference of 25 sound categories as well as the perceptual similarity/difference of the 25 sound categories We thus obtained a 25 × 25 dissimilarity matrix based on the acoustic features and a 25 × 25 dissimilarity matrix based on the perceptual rating patterns We obtained beta images for each trial by using a GLM with one regressor modeling a single trial and a second regressor modeling all remaining trials This GLM modeling was repeated for each trial including movement parameters as a regressor of no interest to account for false positive activity due to head movements we defined a local sphere of 6 mm radius to investigate the local multivoxel pattern information in the single-trial beta images This procedure was repeated for every pairwise comparison between the 25 sound category conditions we trained a multivoxel support vector machine classifier using the LIBSVM package and implemented a leave-one-run-out cross-validation design This procedure resulted in a brain map of local pairwise decoding accuracy across the 25 experimental conditions for each participant This was represented as a voxel-wise 25 × 25 MVPA dissimilarity matrix with the assumption that the decoding accuracy indicates how well conditions can be discriminated on a brain level (i.e. higher decoding accuracy means higher neural discrimination) we cross-correlated (Spearmen correlation) the brain MVPA dissimilarity matrices separately with the acoustic RSM and the perceptual RSM on a voxel-by-voxel level We restricted this correlation analysis to the matrix part that represented the similarity/dissimilarity measure for the skull whistle sounds as the target sounds of this experiment and similarity analysis This restricted matrix was the 4 × 25 matrix including the 4 categories of skull whistle sounds and the 25 overall sound categories This resulted in voxel-wise and Fisher z-transformed correlation maps for each participant The correlation maps were spatially smoothed with an 8 mm full-width half-maximum (FWHM) isotropic Gaussian kernel and were entered into a group-level GLM analysis (voxel threshold of p < 0.05 FWE corrected; cluster extent threshold of k = 10) separately for the acoustic RSM and the perceptual rating RSM analysis FWE corrected; cluster extent threshold of k = 10) No significant results were found in this permutation-based analysis Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article At high playing intensities and air speeds this leads to acoustic distortions and to a rough and piercing sound character that seems uniquely produced by the skull whistles Both the original and the replica skull whistles are very similar in their architecture and the corresponding airflow dynamics This revealed three major observations: first there were only minor differences between the original and replica skull whistles in how they differed from other sounds three distinct levels of differences appeared when comparing skull whistles to other sounds with electronic music effects and natural sounds showing the lowest difference to skull whistles and synthetic sounds showing a medium level of difference and with Mexican flutes and solo instrument sounds showing the most significant difference to skull whistle sounds Skull whistles showed significantly lower power in these slow-oscillating patterns also given that the structure of skull whistles seems not to allow introduction large modulations during playing Their overall psychoacoustic meaning of skull whistles seems to be the production of single noisy A subsequent hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) confirmed these findings (Fig. 3c) showing that the original and replica skull whistles formed their own cluster of sound objects The acoustically closest cluster consisted of contemporary Mexican flutes The second closest cluster consisted of animal sounds (insects It thus seems that skull whistles were acoustically close to other sounds with an intended acoustic and symbolic iconography and to sounds that potentially provoke alerting and affective responses in human listeners We have to note that these analyses of acoustic similarity and acoustic clustering are solely based on quantitative acoustic data without any bias by human perceptual impressions But SW sounds to be similar to other sound with well-known basic psychoacoustic effects on listeners potentially across historical ages SW thus might have been manufactured and used by Aztec communities for this hybrid purpose of serving both a symbolic and affective meaning for potential listeners but further cross-disciplinary and archeological evidence is needed here c Explained variance of the dimensions resulting from the CA; dimensions 1–3 explained >61% of the variance in the data d Dimensions 1–3 of the CA for categorical labels and emotional adjectives e Probability for classifying sounds skull whistle sounds and sounds form 5 other categories as originating from an “animated” Left plot is for the experiment including original skull whistles (n = 76) right plot is for the experiment including replica skull whistles (n = 58) f Reaction time and accuracy data from the dichotic listening experiment where humans discriminated low/high tone on the attended ear while presenting other sounds or silence on the unattended ear Left plot is for the experiment including original skull whistles (n = 47) the right plot is for the experiment including replica skull whistles (n = 47) Based on these re-labeled data, we performed a correspondence analysis to assess how labels provided for the SWs would correspond to labels given to the other sounds (Fig. 6c, d) Skull whistle sounds were located in an acoustic object space between human sounds on one end and a cluster of exterior/interior/synthetic sounds on the other end with also a space of “unknown” labeling close by “Unknown” labels were provided if listeners could not associate any object or process with the sound skull whistle sounds were centered around the fear and anger label These labeling data together point to a hybrid natural-artificial status of skull whistle sounds such that they are primarily associated with a human origin but also form associations with sounds produced from technical objects and processes classifications were mixed between the animated (p < 0.001 CI95% [0.40 0.56]; comparison against “environment”) and technical categories (p < 0.001 CI95% [0.24 0.37]; comparison against “environment”) with classifications as “animated” being higher than classifications as “technical” (p = 0.003 An almost identical pattern was found in a second experiment where we used replica SWs instead of the original skull whistle sounds (sound-by-class interaction Replica skull whistle sounds again received a mixed classification between the animated (p < 0.001 CI95% [0.32 0.50]; comparison against “environment”) and technical categories (p < 0.001 CI95% [0.47 0.65]; comparison against “environment”) but the comparisons between animated and technical classifications did not reveal a significant difference (p = 0.092 there might also be large psychoacoustic processing similarities between the evolutionary closer modern and Aztec humans and psychoacoustic effects of SWs might have been capitalized on by Aztec communities a Functional brain activity in human listeners (n = 32) when comparing activity for skull whistles with activity for all other 5 general sound categories b Brain activity when contrasting skull whistle with animated sounds (human animal; left panel) and with artificial sounds (technical c Functional connectivity patterns from seed regions in the right fronto-parietal network that were significant for processing skull whistle sounds (upper panel) and for the left (mid panel) and right auditory cortex regions (lower panel) that were significant for processing other sounds Voxel-level threshold of p = 0.005 combined with an FWE-corrected cluster-level threshold of p = 0.05 d Representational similarity matrices (RSM) for acoustic and percental patterns of the sounds included in the neuroimaging experiment Bottom plots show the RSM for the skull whistle sounds only (rev corresponding to the black box in the upper panels e Brain areas with significant cross-correlation between the acoustic and perceptual similarity patterns and measures of neural similarity between sound categories All brain activity from contrasts includes a voxel threshold p < 0.05 (FWE corrected) the functional network for processing the other sounds showed links with the skull whistle processing network especially to the right fronto-insular system and the MFC this connection might point to a natural forward mapping from sound analysis (auditory cortex) to sound evaluation (fronto-insular) the neural network for skull whistle sound processing suggests a challenging level of elaborated processing and higher-order cognition The resulting neural cross-correlation data as described below were quite distinctive to the observed acoustic and perceptual similarity patterns in relation to skull whistles as no neural significance was found when randomly permuting the similarity matrixes (see “Methods”) While the neural effort for decoding similarities of acoustic patterns between skull whistle and other sounds thus seems to involve a multi-level process pointing to an ambiguous mixture of familiar and unfamiliar sound components as well as a multi-layered symbolism the neural effort in terms of matching perceived affective similarities seems rather unambiguous We of course have to highlight the notion that our experimental data were acquired with samples from a modern European population Our data thus first provide basic evidence of how modern humans respond to the acoustic quality of a historically very important sound tool with a unique acoustic profile All listeners in our experiences were naïve about the presence of skull whistle sounds on the acoustic samples presented in the experiments and thus all data are largely unbiased and basic assessments of the psychoacoustic effects of skull whistles On this basic level of psychoacoustic processing we might assume some similarity to the acoustic processing in humans from previous Aztec cultures Aztec communities might have capitalized on this aversive and scary nature of skull whistle sounds in specific contexts which would support the introduced warfare and ritual symbolism hypothesis but rather not the deity symbolism hypothesis given also the strong associative/symbolic sound impressions requiring higher-order cognition Given both the aversive/scary and associative/symbolic sound nature as well as currently known excavation locations at ritual burial sites with human sacrifices usage in ritual contexts seems very likely especially in sacrificial rites and ceremonies related to the dead Skull whistles might have been used to scare the human sacrifice or the ceremonial audience but further cross-documentation is needed here The symbolic and associative meaning might be specifically related to the dangerous and scary travel of the dead to the underworld This potential double nature of a biological and symbolic affective significance might also be based on the hybrid natural-artificial status of skull whistle sounds as SWs sounds received ambiguous associations with natural and artificial sound sources across different experiments and analyses in our study Skull whistle sounds are unambiguous in their affective nature but are rather ambiguous in the determination of their sound origin which intensifies higher-order brain processing The psychoacoustic ambiguity and hybridity however open many options for symbolism in an archeoacoustic perspective The shared neurocognitive mechanisms between modern humans and Aztec humans thus seem very reasonable and we tested for the basic neurocognitive mechanisms of decoding skull whistle sounds in the last experiment in our study Some of these sound categories might not match the soundscape of Aztec cultures a detailed taxonomy of sound classes described by Aztec cultures is missing today tool sounds) might be similar to modern humans We have to note that all participants in our study were naive and unbiased regarding the sounds used and the sounds were not presented as belonging to a certain sound category The taxonomy of sound classes was only used posthoc during data analysis for the purpose of data grouping An additional common limitation for experimental historical studies is that evidence is often not ultimate in favor of one of several competing hypotheses New evidence might support certain hypotheses to some degree while disconfirming other hypotheses to another degree which are relatively but not absolutely in favor of one of the current hypotheses concerning skull whistles (ritual symbolism hypothesis) and relatively unbiased assessment of SW sounds we here performed several physical and perceptual experiments on skull whistle sounds using diverse approaches This allowed a 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(2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101948 The sound of emotions-towards a unifying neural network perspective of affective sound processing Processing of emotional vocalizations in bilateral inferior frontal cortex where and how of auditory-object perception Maps and streams in the auditory cortex: nonhuman primates illuminate human speech processing Parietal cortex is required for the integration of acoustic evidence Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex Abstract encoding of auditory objects in cortical activity patterns The auditory cortex and the emotional valence of sounds Primary auditory cortex representation of fear‐conditioned musical sounds Auditory representation of learned sound sequences in motor regions of the macaque brain Auditory decisions in the supplementary motor area Features versus feelings: dissociable representations of the acoustic features and valence of aversive sounds Music as an evolved tool for socio-affective fiction A divine wind: the arts of death and music in terminal formative Oaxaca Download references We are very thankful to Arnd Adje Both for helpful advice during the study from a music archeological perspective and for guiding and supervising the artisanal reproduction of original skull whistles We thank Osvaldo Padrón Pérez for manufacturing two of the skull whistle replicas We thank the Ethnological Museum of Berlin (EBM) for access to original skull whistle artifacts This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF PP00P1_157409/1 and 100014_182135/1) contributed to data acquisition and data analysis The authors declare no competing interests Communications psychology thanks Etienne Thoret and the other reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-024-00157-7 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 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Water Polo Heads to Aztec Invite3/13/2025 9:19:00 PM | Women's Water Polo Facebook EmailSAN DIEGO – The No 20-ranked San Diego State water polo team held a 10-9 lead over No 12 Princeton with 2:19 to play in its opening game of the 2025 Aztec Invitational doomed SDSU to an 11-10 loss on a rainy Friday afternoon at Aztec Aquaplex The first quarter saw the Tigers (10-2) jump out to a 3-0 lead on goals that came at the 7:16 3:58 and 1:44 marks and sent the contest to the second quarter with SDSU trailing 3-0 got on the scoreboard at the 6:07 mark of the second on a Holcomb goal and Bell scored with 4:57 to play before the half to make the game 3-2 The Tigers responded with strikes with 4:27 on the clock and in what would portend the end of regulation got another tally with a single second to go to send the game to the intermission with Princeton leading 5-2 SDSU turned up the offensive pressure outscoring the Tigers 5-1 in the third quarter Bullock got things started with a goal 38 seconds in making it 5-3 It was 5-4 on the first of Stoupas’ two goals Princeton tied it back up on a tally at the 1:05 mark sending the game to the final eight minutes with the Aztecs up 7-6 The Tigers got the first goal of the fourth quarter at the 7:44 mark Gish put San Diego State back in front 8-7 with 6:07 left Twelve seconds later it was 8-8 and 22 seconds after that the Aztecs were up 9-8 with 5:33 to go on the clock Just over two minutes after Bullock scored Princeton tied it up again SDSU’s final tally came on Lee’s strike with 2:19 left in regulation and the Aztecs led 10-9 The Tigers got the equalizer with 1:26 on the clock and then put the game away at the final horn for the 11-10 win The loss leaves SDSU with a 14-10 lead in the all-time series and a 7-7 mark against the Tigers at the Scarlet and Black’s home pool In the last 11 games between these programs SDSU is back in action on Saturday with games against CSUN Princeton – 3-2-1-5 - 11San Diego State – 0-2-5-3 - 10 Lurie (1) San Diego State Goals – Bullock (3) Princeton Saves – Lucas (13)San Diego State Saves – Ahovelo (7) A community effort led by the volunteer organization Just Serve brought new life to the front of Aztec SeniorCommunity Center with a major landscaping project held as part of Worldwide Youth Service Day when the city manager alerted local departments about the opportunity to partner with Just Serve a group that organizes volunteers for service projects Originally scheduled to coincide with Just Serve’s traditional early April volunteer events the large project of the landscaping effort led organizers to push the work to the end of the month about 35 volunteers ages 7 to 18 arrived to help with the project impressing organizers with their enthusiasm and dedication the younger volunteers leveled and installed the brick and helped build a new fountain in a memorial area The project also included sanding the stage floor which will be finished with stain by one of the group's members Future additions include a pathway and plans for outdoor furnishing The project revitalized the space and also inspired community engagement “I was overwhelmed,” said Constance Hutcheson “Look at how many people are coming out here plan to formally recognize Just Serve and its leaders Hutcheson noted that anyone interested in future projects can follow Just Serve through their website we need help with … and people will look on that website and say Hutcheson added that feedback from seniors has been overwhelmingly positive with many expressing excitement about the improvements and looking forward to using the newly renovated outdoor space for activities like socializing and cookouts “We really appreciate all their help,” Hutcheson emphasized For those interested in getting involved with similar volunteer efforts, more information about upcoming service opportunities and how to participate can be found on the Just Serve website at www.justserve.org The email "' + userEmail + '" could not be added Please try again or email Shane at shane@durangoherald.com for assistance Choose from several print and digital subscription packages We use cookies to improve your experience on our site. By using our site, you consent to our policies Facebook EmailDerrick Tuskan/San Diego StateSAN DIEGO – The No 20-ranked San Diego State water polo team used a pair of 5-1 runs in the fourth quarters of its two Saturday games at the 2025 Aztec Invitational at Aztec Aquaplex to defeat the CSUN Matadors and Bucknell Bison The first quarter was a slug fest with the teams combining for 13 goals and San Diego State getting seven of them SDSU got the first two scores of the game on shots from Stoupas CSUN cut the lead in half with its initial goal with 5:24 to play but the Aztecs fired right back 10 seconds later Righetti picked up her second goal of the game and gave the Scarlet and Black a 3-1 lead Kanemy made it 4-1 with 4:01 to play and Stoupas scored her second goal CSUN trimmed the SDSU advantage to 5-3 on a goal at the 3:07 mark but 23 seconds later Chambers put the advantage back to three goals with her first of two in the game The Matadors trimmed the lead to a single goal on a strike with 2:20 to play and a penalty shot at 1:40 Bullock righted the San Diego State ship and scored with 67 seconds on the clock CSUN got the final tally for the first quarter The Matadors scored the first two goals of the second quarter The Aztecs knotted it up at 8-8 on Valdes’ first of two goals and the teams went to the intermission with SDSU down 9-8 Stoupas made it a hat trick in the first 33 seconds to tie the game 9-9 The Matadors went back in front at the 5:34 mark but Chambers made it 10 apiece with 2:56 on the clock but Sarmiento got the equalizer with 44 seconds to go and the teams went to the final eight minutes knotted at 11-11 but the Matadors tied it at a dozen each at the 5:26 mark Murphy gave SDSU a 13-12 lead with 4:20 to go and Bullock’s second goal of the game stretched it to 14-12 Kanemy put the game out of reach with 49 seconds to play on her second of the game and Byers added the final tally with 11 ticks on the clock for the final score of 16-12 CSUN – 6-3-2-1 - 12San Diego State – 7-1-3-5 - 16 Bucknell 7San Diego State (12-8) broke a 6-6 tie with five goals in the fourth quarter to earn an 11-7 win over the Bucknell Bison in its second game of the day The Bison scored the only goals in the first and led 2-0 after tallies at 5:54 and with 14 seconds on the clock Byers broke the lid on the Bucknell goal for SDSU The Bison answered 62 seconds later to get its two-goal advantage back Bell responded with her first goal of the day but just 16 seconds later Bucknell scored to get the lead back to two goals and the teams went to the intermission with SDSU trailing 4-3 Stoupas got the Scarlet and Black back to level Bucknell went back in front with 6:38 left in the period but SDSU scored back-to-back goals by Valdes Bucknell got the final tally of the quarter scoring with 50 seconds left and sending the game to the final period knotted at 6-6 The deciding eight minutes belonged to San Diego State Bucknell got one goal back with two minutes to play but Sarmiento made it 11-7 on her goal with 1:40 to play for the win and two-game sweep on the day Bucknell – 2-2-2-1 - 7San Diego State – 0-3-3-5 - 11 the Ethereum layer-2 protocol focused on programmable privacy has officially launched its public testnet According to a May 1 press release shared with crypto.news the launch marks a key milestone in Aztec’s eight-year journey to bring stronger data protection to web3 The testnet is now open to developers and paves the way for a fully decentralized mainnet where no central authority will have hidden access to user data The release follows successful internal testing phases that included over 100 sequencers. Years of research and development at Aztec led to innovations in zero-knowledge technology and programming tools that allow developers to create secure applications. These tools make it possible to keep sensitive user data private while still using Ethereum’s (ETH) infrastructure PLONK, a proving system created by Aztec’s team to enable fast and secure zero-knowledge proofs is at the heart of Aztec’s advancements This technology powers the testnet’s privacy layer and served as the basis for previous products such as zk.money and Aztec Connect designed to simplify the creation of zero-knowledge applications adding privacy to smart contracts is easier and doesn’t require a deep understanding of cryptography privacy on blockchains doesn’t need to be “all-or-nothing,” as Aztec enables more flexible approaches “Developers can use Aztec to build dApps with privacy features that seamlessly blend with Ethereum’s existing infrastructure and they won’t need to struggle implementing complex cryptography.” Backed by a $100 million Series B led by a16z Aztec is building a privacy-first Ethereum layer-2 that can scale encrypted smart contracts and support real-world use cases said their investment in Aztec was driven by the team’s vision of making privacy programmable and widely accessible “See you at La Costa,” were the words uttered by the ringleader of SDSU’s men’s golf team as he concluded his Wednesday video interview on Golf Channel Aztecs’ head coach Ryan Donovan commanded the attention of everyone in the auditorium Commanding attention is nothing new to Donovan He has rapidly built a reputation for producing competitive quality teams and players during his nearly 22 years at the helm of Aztec men’s golf Donovan was a highly respected golfer in his own right as a youngster He was a four-year member of the men’s golf team at SDSU and also competed on the Golden State Tour and Gateway Tour after his time on the Mesa After being asked why he went into coaching following his playing career and when Tim Mickelson went to take the head job at USD Donovan began as an assistant coach to Dale Walker in 2003 and was almost immediately named interim head coach at the beginning of the 2004 spring season Donovan’s first full season as a head coach (2004-2005) was a prosperous one He led the Aztecs to their second NCAA championship appearance in three years As Donovan became more seasoned in the realm of men’s college golf Since officially being named head coach in the fall of 2004 Donovan has had a knack for taking young recruits and morphing them into mature competitors we were definitely going international [to recruit],” Donovan mentioned in a press conference on Wednesday “We are not getting the top kid in the country ranking-wise; there are just too many schools ahead of us We are getting a kid that has a bigger upside someone who is committed to San Diego State Looking through SDSU men’s golf rosters throughout the years it can be concluded that coach Donovan is a man of his word Justin Hastings have all made huge impacts as international recruits Spaun and Xander Schauffele were mentored by Donovan during their years as Aztecs The skills and practices instilled in Spaun and Schauffele by their ever-knowledgeable head coach have enabled them to have excellent professional careers Coach Donovan is still in communication with many of his former athletes He and his team will connect with the two-time major winner from time to time “[Xander] will come play with the guys [and] they’ll see him practicing while he is in San Diego,” Donovan shared “I talked to him at Augusta a couple of weeks ago He follows the Aztecs pretty closely and is proud of what they have done.” Staying in close contact with former players is one of coach Donovan’s favorite things about coaching men’s golf He enjoys it when “guys are successful with their families and with their careers.” Donovan also loves “going to weddings… and seeing [his players] progress throughout their life.” Donovan’s formula for success combines connection with practice allowing his players to grow both as people and as golfers his formula has paved the way to the promised land The Aztecs won three of the last four tournaments to close their regular season (R.E Western Intercollegiate and Mountain West Championship SDSU men’s golf has won the last four Mountain West Championships tying New Mexico for the longest consecutive conference title win streak coach Donovan and the Aztecs were selected as the No 3 seed in the 2025 Tallahassee Regional hosted by Florida State and played at Seminole Legacy Club in Tallahassee SDSU has now been selected to 20 NCAA regional tournaments under coach Donovan After the conference championship season comes the real test: playing outside of your conference on the biggest stage coach Donovan vocalized his postseason mentality “Our goal is to put together a great schedule all year so we have seen all of these teams throughout the year,” said the confident head coach “We’re really not intimidated by anybody; we have a great group of guys ourselves I just sit back and try to get good players here and support them as much as I can.” looks to be within the top five in Tallahassee in order to advance to the NCAA Championships 30 miles up the road at Omni La Costa Resort & Spa in Carlsbad (lasting from May 23-28) May 12 marks the beginning of a grueling and taxing postseason regimen for Donovan and his team coach Donovan does not shy away from the challenge and is chomping at the bit to bring SDSU its first NCAA men’s golf championship Minimalist design meets rich heritage with the upcoming Nike Air Force 1 Low “Aztec” this pair proves that simplicity never goes out of style—especially when it’s done with this much swagger While the base keeps things smooth with sturdy canvas it’s the little things that steal the spotlight The tongue boasts bold blue Nike Air branding framed by subtle Aztec-inspired patterns that give these kicks just enough edge and you’ll spot the geometric print on the insoles too—because why should the outside have all the fun The iconic Swoosh isn’t just slapped on—it’s woven with a faint tribal motif that looks like it was crafted by sneaker shamans The Nike Air Force 1 Low “Aztec” drops in Summer 2025 for $125 USD at Nike.com and select retailers If your closet needs a refresh, this AF1 is a no-brainer Stay up to date with all upcoming sneaker releases from our Sneaker Release Dates page. Be sure to follow us on Twitter and Instagram SBD provides millions of monthly visitors with sneaker updates on Jordan Sneaker Bar Detroit has quickly become one of the top sneaker sources on the web Advertise With Us || Email: info[at]sneakerbardetroit.com The four-day meet commences on Wednesday at the CRWC Natatorium on the University of Houston campus and will be streamed live via the MW Network with links available on GoAztecs.com SDSU will battle nine other conference foes that sponsor women's swimming and diving the latter of which became a MW affiliate member in the sport for the next two seasons The Aztecs have won eight Mountain West Championships in program history (2011 capturing the title last season 1,487.50 points to top second-place UNLV (1,256.50) by 231 points the Scarlet and Black set a conference record with 1,638 points en route to the championship San Diego State will be looking to become just the second school to claim four consecutive MW titles since former member Brigham Young was crowned champion in four straight years from 2007-10 SDSU returns 11 competitors that combined for 44 all-Mountain West honors at last year’s conference meet, including Meredith Smithbaker who collected a team-high seven all-conference plaudits including individual crowns in the 50 and 100 freestyle Not to be outdone, the Aztecs will also feature two-time reigning MW Swimmer of the Year Alex Roberts who won a gold medal in the 200 backstroke while contributing to team victories in the 200 and 400 medley relays San Diego State earned seven individual goal medals and won four of five relay competitions last season (200 medley Following the 2024 championships, Valentina Lopez Arevalo was named MW Diver of the Meet, marking the third time an SDSU competitor has earned such honors after Ximena Lechuga Gonzalez received the same recognition in 2019 and 2022 Lopez Arevalo took home gold medals on the 3-meter springboard and in platform competition while claiming a silver in the 1-meter springboard event Lopez Arevalo has captured 11 event titles during the 2024-25 campaign (five in the 1-meter springboard three on the 3-meter springboard and three from the platform) collecting three Mountain West Diver of the Week awards in the process Other returning individual winners from last season’s MW Championships include Moa Bergdahl (100 breast) and Christiana Williams (200 breast) Continuing their success of the last decade-plus the Aztecs have once again completed a dual-meet schedule without a blemish on their record posting a 10-0 mark during the 2024-25 campaign SDSU raised its record to 134-2 since January 2013 and extended its dual-meet winning streak to 74 straight dating back to January 2018 SDSU set three Aztec Aquaplex pool records in its victory over the University of San Diego on Jan. 25, including Kaydence Bispo in the 50 free (22.77) and Alli Mann in the 100 free (49.73) Mann and Bispo also swam the final two segments of SDSU’s 400 medley relay team that set a pool standard as well (3:43.09) Mann garnered both MW Swimmer and Freshman of the Week accolades for the second time in the month of January after receiving the same plaudits following the Aztecs’ double dual meet sweep of New Mexico and Pepperdine Earlier this season, Bispo (Freshman) and Reka Nyiradi (Swimmer) earned conference weekly honors after the Scarlet and Black posted a pair of dual meet victories at Alaska Fairbanks As a team, the Aztecs recorded an impressive second-place team finish at the Hawkeye Invitational, Nov. 21-23, in Iowa City, Iowa. Smithbaker won the 50 and 100 freestyle, while Abby Storm was victorious in the 100 and 200 back, joining Mai McKenna, who was triumphant in the 200 fly. A total of five SDSU swimmers have recorded nine NCAA “B” cut times in this year, including Smithbaker in the 50 free (22.42, No. 1 MW) and 100 free (48.83, T-2 MW); Storm in the 100 back (52.17, No. 2 MW) and 200 back (1:55.11, No. 1 MW); Bergdahl in the 100 breast (1:00.24, No. 3 MW) and 200 breast (2:12.57, No. 4 MW); Williams in the 100 breast (1:00.51, No. 4 MW) and 200 breast (2:12.62, No. 5 MW); and McKenna in the 200 fly (1:58.46, No. 2 MW). Following this week's Mountain West meet, San Diego State will begin preparations for the NCAA Zone E Diving Championships, set for March 10-12 in Federal Way, Washington. The NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships are also scheduled for next month, March 19-22, at the same site in suburban Seattle. 8-3 Mountain West) picked up their fourth straight victory and will look to carry that momentum through a bye to a road game at Colorado State 4-7 MW) has alternated between wins and losses in its last five contests and returns to Laramie for a pair of home games against Utah State and UNLV Jordan Nesbitt scored all nine of his points in the first half for the Cowboys Gwath had six points and five rebounds in the first half Along with Gwath (14 points, 11 rebounds, four blocks), Boyd contributed 13 points, Byrd chipped in 11 points with eight rebounds and four assists, and DeGourville reached double figures with ten points. Heide added in nine points on 4-of-6 shooting in his third career start. Wyoming was led by Allen (18 points, six rebounds, two steals), Agbim (12 points, six assists) and Oleg Kojenets (six points, six assists, three blocks). San Diego State shot better from the field (36.7%-36.5%) and from the free throw line (78.6%-68.2%). Wyoming was better from beyond the arc (30.8%-22.7%). SDSU had eight blocks to Wyoming’s three. THE NOTESan Diego State won its 17th consecutive home game against the Cowboys, which is tied with Air Force for the Aztecs’ longest active home winning streak against any opponent. SDSU is off during the week and will return to action next Saturday with a game at Colorado State at 8 p.m. MT/7 p.m. PT. It will be broadcast on CBS Sports Network and San Diego Sports 760. Facebook EmailDerrick Tuskan/San Diego StateSAN DIEGO – San Diego State women’s tennis returns to action on Friday welcoming the University of San Diego to the Aztec Tennis Center for a 4 p.m Follow along:Live stream 0-0 WCC) are the fifth ranked opponent the Aztecs have faced thus far in their non-conference schedule 43 in this week’s ITA national team rankings but has lost two straight to Arizona State and Washington The Aztecs are 6-4 overall and 0-0 in the Mountain West Having won their last two matchups against UCLA and Hawai’i the Scarlet and Black made their way into the national rankings for the first time this season The Aztecs are halfway through their six-match home stand. Following Friday’s contest, the Scarlet and Black will face another ranked opponent, taking on No. 10 Duke at the Aztec Tennis Center on March 13 at 11 a.m. 4 seed San Diego State women’s basketball team faces the No 5 seed New Mexico in the quarterfinals of the Mountain West tournament Monday at 2:30 This is the fourth straight season the Aztecs and Lobos have squared off in the quarterfinals with SDSU winning the last two meetings The two teams split their two regular season games with the road team winning each time we started with four men and now check this out," Sergio Garcia the sergeant at arms of the Aztec Rebels club told Andrés Lucero as he pointed at the packed party while their kids ran around the space and women chatted at one of the tables but his eyes said it all — the pride of seeing his dream become a reality surrounded by friends who had become family A small opening reveals concrete stairs that go down to the basement in a quiet New York City street The smell of lime and oregano mixes with the faint aroma of beer as the sound of banda music fills the basement space Tables are filled to the brim with steaming bowls of pozole and a soft murmur of conversations weaves through the room like an invisible thread All the leather-vested men look to the staircase He walked down the steps like an old Hollywood movie star entering a bar The November wind blew in from the East River on to Intervale Avenue Andrés' gaze softened as he watched his people together The festivities that night were a testament to how far the club had come and also spoke of how Latino communities tend to integrate into American culture: While they were celebrating Thanksgiving where most of the Mexican population in New York is from you have to look back at how Andrés and his brother started their journey in a very different South Bronx Andrés founded the Aztec Rebels with Eddie after learning the culture and politics in a Bronx motorcycling club called The Roadrunners They dreamt of creating a space where they could hear their own music "I started hanging out with The Roadrunners when I was 19 That's why we were able to start our own club on the basis of what an actual club is." After deciding on brown to be the club's color and designing the Aztec eagle insignia the Aztec Rebels MC was officially founded in 2016 with five founding members They've since expanded to over 20 full members and five prospects from every borough of NYC Most of them live in the Bronx and Staten Island — "La Isla," as they colloquially call it Every full member goes through a sometimes years-long process that begins with an invite becoming a prospect and learning the rules of the club through a current member before gaining their three distinctive vest patches A flier for the club reads: "We accept every nationality but we do expect you to get one eventually." The Aztecs speckled by a few Ecuadorians and a Honduran member Each has a different story and connection to Mexico an adventure through the desert," Andrés says when recalling his migratory journey "I came in '86 and have always been looking for the opportunity to improve my situation because I've heard a lot of horror stories from recent migrants." His parents had arrived five years earlier from Piaxtla a town of 15,000 in the mountains of Puebla They started a fabric factory in uptown Manhattan and rented an apartment on Southern Boulevard in the Bronx "I come from a pueblo — I was never from the city — so it was a really drastic change to arrive here and see all the people Especially in that time — the Bronx was in the middle of the drug pandemic the South Bronx still bore the scars of fires that burned entire neighborhoods to the ground the prior decade A lot of people are using drugs in the streets it didn't scare me; I just had to get used to everything it was just normal to see what was going on," Andrés recalls from his youth Mexican immigration to the United States dates back to the beginning of the 20th century with undocumented agricultural laborers traveling to work in the Californian fields the Bracero program formalized the employment of many of these workers who were needed to fill the gap created by the demand for men during World War II the practice of young men migrating to work in the United States grew more and more common In 1980, there were 39,000 people of Mexican origin in New York state, while 10 years later, the census registered an yearly increase of 8.8% It is in this landscape that so many Mexicans have built a home in the United States finding themselves and creating communities that make them feel safe and with a sense of identity Andrés handed the president's badge to his brother and now spends most of his time running a deli on Third Avenue adorned with a Virgen de Guadalupe sprayed in gritty black graffiti His home is still the apartment building where his parents settled in the '80s Eddie carries an almost military posture in his shoulders — gained by private security training and a lifetime living among the club — along with five commanding officers Eddie is not only the club president and a commanding presence amongst the Aztecs; he is also father to twin teenagers that often spend time with the club when they are not playing soccer with the FC Harlem tells his kids of the tough decisions he sometimes has to make as president Explaining and passing on the most important value of the club: the value of family He is also the friendliest of the group when playing with the other members' kids Riders hold a lot of stigma and stereotypes of machismo and misogyny sometimes supported by long-held traditions and questionable practices wives and girlfriends of the group wear vests that read "Property of X M.C." As president Eddie broke that tradition by writing "Protected by Aztec Rebels M.C." on the women's vests When looking at one of the Aztecs' gatherings one must see beyond the vests and the stereotypes surrounding motorcycle culture Although they might look tough on the outside the men that form this community are responsible family men The club also provides a family to those who left their families behind and started a life completely on their own in the United States and that's why sometimes they get into gangs We want to be that place where Mexicans can come and be in a safe environment 'Diablo,' is the youngest full member in the Aztecs He asked us not to use his full name because of his immigration status of the members know his actual name; they refer to him by the nickname he earned from his love of speed on his motorbike "I went straight into middle school and had a lot of fights People tried to bully me because I didn't speak English and only then did they respect me and start hanging out with me," Diablo recalls He sticks out from the other Aztecs only for his skinny build and the noticeable age difference But he is just one of them when it comes to the brotherly rowdiness and banter "My mother told me that the fights in high school were not irrelevant All my friends went to the same high school but I didn't tell them and went to a different one Most of them are now in gangs and some of them are no longer around," he says while hanging out next to a food truck selling birria and tacos on a highway in Connecticut the Rebels have been gathering in their personal apartments But they've always wanted to have a permanent home the commanding officers started looking for potential places to rent They visited more than 20 lots that they could use A remote street next to the Hunts Point "marketa," as the Latino community calls it finally accepted the Aztec Rebels as tenants Eddie called an emergency meeting at the new location without giving away the surprise They came thinking that their president was in danger They climbed up the stairs without removing their helmets they remodeled the space with their bare hands They added a classic pool and foosball table where they watched the Mexican soccer league's final between Club América and Cruz Azul We broke the mold by being Mexican bikers in New York You can be a leader in your community and help everybody out by being part of something big," Eddie concluded Mayolo López Gutiérrez is a photojournalist based in Mexico City. You can see more of Mayolo's work on his website, mayolopezgutierrez.com, or on Instagram at @fotomayo. Photo edited by Virginia Lozano. Copy edited by Zach Thompson. ten-rebound double double but San Diego State fell 68-63 to Colorado State at Moby Arena on Saturday night 8-4 Mountain West) had their four-game win streak snapped 9-3 MW) gets back in the win column following an 87-65 loss at New Mexico on Wednesday Next up for the Rams is a trip to Logan to face the Utah State Aggies on Tuesday night in his first game back from a shoulder injury made a pair of free throws to take the first Aztec lead of the game CSU scored the next six points to retake the lead and went into the halftime break with a 38-35 lead five rebounds and three steals and Davis scored nine points Crocker-Johnson (10 points) and Evans (nine points Colorado State shot better from the field (41.5%-37.9%) beyond the arc (36.8%-34.8%) and from the free throw line (70.8%-52.4%) SDSU had eight turnovers while CSU had a dozen The Aztecs bench players outscored their Rams counterparts 24-17 THE NOTEMagoon Gwath broke the San Diego State record for blocks by a freshman His two blocks on Saturday moved him to 52 on the year and he passed Skylar Spencer Spencer needed 34 games to reach his total while Gwath took just 21 The 52 blocks also tie Gwath with Malcolm Thomas for the ninth most in a season in program history The blocks statistic was created ahead of the 1978-79 season SDSU stays on the road and will head to the Silicon Valley to play the San Jose State Spartans on Tuesday night at 8 p.m The game will be broadcast on CBS Sports Network and San Diego Sports 760 the Aztec Restaurant has been a staple in San Juan County “I wanted to have a place for everybody to be able to come in and sit down and have a meal and visit because that’s what this is about is everybody coming in and visiting eating that was kinda secondary,” said Linda Harris Linda had to close the local favorite for good “It was just like had no idea this was going to happen,” Linda said Linda and her employees say they were caught completely off-guard ‘What do you do after that?’ because that wasn’t part of the plan,” said Greg Harris Harris said the property managers approved one last spring “The property managers came and talked to me in the middle of January and said that it was just going to be too expensive to fix We needed to close and it was too unsafe for people to be in here,” Linda said in addition to serving up some of the best food in town We did dancing here on Friday nights,” she said “I started coming in with my grandparents when I was just a kid We’d sit and they’d have their coffee and I’d have a cinnamon roll,” said Bri Harrington there are no plans to open another restaurant. Any person with disabilities who needs help accessing the content of the FCC Public File may contact KOB via our online formor call 505-243-4411 Thanks for visiting ! The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy. We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here. From 2004 to 2007, SDSU alumnus Kevin O’Connell (’07) led the Aztec football team as its quarterback and captain. He had a short stint as a player in the NFL, but his career would end up being defined in a different way: as a coach. On Feb. 6, just shy of three years after being named Minnesota Vikings head coach, O’Connell was named Associated Press NFL Coach of the Year. By Kevin O’Connell, as told to Tobin Vaughn IN THE 2008 NFL DRAFT, I WAS THE NEW ENGLAND Patriots’ third-round draft pick and a backup quarterback for Tom Brady. While I never had a winning record at San Diego State University, I was a four-year captain. That meant something to Bill Belichick, then the head coach. I got some playing time, but by my third season with various teams, NFL coaches were saying, “You’re not going to be a player. You’re going to be a coach.” Turns out, they were on to something. I didn’t have much time to prepare for my first interview for an NFL head coach position, but I remember walking out feeling like everything I said was authentic. Everything came from my heart and a lifetime of football experience that I was naturally comfortable discussing. So when I got the Minnesota Vikings job in 2022, every day since, my goal has been to be authentic to who I am and to be a relationship builder. During my time as a student athlete at San Diego State, great people had huge effects on me. They helped show me the importance of always learning, adapting, improving and trying to become the best version of myself for the greater good of others, which is what I think true leadership is really all about. The Aztecs (13-5, 6-3 Mountain West) improved to 14-4 against the Wolf Pack in the Brian Dutcher era (since 2017-18) SDSU climbs to 4-1 on the road this season and 7-2 away from Viejas Arena on the campaign 3-6 MW) which opened Mountain West play with four consecutive losses before rattling off three straight wins The Wolf Pack will look to rebound at Boise State on Wednesday Nevada rallied with eight of the next ten points to get within a point with three minutes left but back-to-back buckets from Gwath and a Davis layup as the half came to a close gave the Aztecs a 28-21 advantage heading into the locker room In addition to Gwath (15 points, 13 rebounds) and Byrd (11 points, nine assists), DeGourville finished in double figures with 14 points thanks to a quartet of three-pointers. Nick Boyd tallied seven points and dished out six assists while not turning the ball over once eight rebounds) and Xavier DuSell (11 points) finished in double figures to lead the Wolf Pack San Diego State shot better from the field (48.2%-29.4%) from deep (36.0%-19.2%) and from the free throw line (75.0%-68.2%) The Aztecs scored more in the paint (36-12) and on fast breaks (10-2) THE NOTEMiles Byrd became the first Aztec since at least 1996-97 with nine assists THE NOTE IIMagoon Gwath became the first Aztec to have a double double with a perfect shooting night since Roy Kruiswyk was 6-of-6 from the floor and finished with 13 points and ten rebounds in an 80-78 loss to Southern Methodist on January 15, 1998. SDSU returns to America’s Finest City for a pair of home games next week. The Aztecs will face San Jose State at 7:40 p.m. on Tuesday night and Wyoming at 5 p.m. next Saturday. Tuesday’s game is a redout with the first 5,000 fans receiving a replica of San Diego State’s red jersey, which the team will wear against the Spartans. It will be broadcast on FS1 and San Diego Sports 760. Saturday’s contest will be televised on CBS Sports Network with the radio call on San Diego Sports 760. Carla Kriss (’97, ’02) and husband Tim Kriss (’03, ’18), alumni educators and proud SDSU parents, aren’t shy about their love for SDSU. It’s on display in their respective elementary school classrooms. By Mike KlitzingPhotographs by Matt Furman Step into the third grade classroom of Carla Kriss (’97, ’02) and her affinity for SDSU is hard to miss. The proud alumna teaches at Ella B. Allen Elementary in Bonita, California, surrounded by Aztecs posters, pennants, foam fingers and bobbleheads. Her husband and fellow educator, Tim Kriss (’03, ’18), insists the SDSU theme in his fourth grade classroom at Salt Creek Elementary in Chula Vista is even better— a notion Carla playfully scoffs at. What they do agree on, however, is that SDSU swag has become popular as prizes for scholastic achievement and good behavior among their students. “They love it,” Carla says. “It keeps them motivated.” Carla estimates that there are 13 SDSU alumni staff members at her school, including teachers, a school counselor, a school psychologist and a nurse. Yet it’s hard to imagine anyone more spirited. She and her family are fixtures at SDSU sporting events, and their two daughters, Sierra (’21) and Sequoia (’24), both now work at the university. For the Kriss family, SDSU is just a way of life. Editor’s note: Shoutout to Aztec teachers Juliette Solis (’00), Kelly Murphy (’92) and Shannon Kelly (’91) at Marvin Elementary in San Diego, my son’s past three teachers and the inspiration for this story. Facebook EmailMegan Ellis Box Score MESA – San Diego State staged a late rally in its battle with Grand Canyon on Saturday as the Aztecs dropped a narrow 6-5 decision in their second game of the MLB Desert Invitational at Sloan Park SDSU plated four runs in the bottom of the ninth but could not complete the comeback Daniel Arambula led off the inning with an infield single, while Zane Kelly and Jonathan Smith drew walks to load the bases and chase Lopes reliever Gray Bailey the Aztecs were unable to sustain the momentum as Quinn induced a flyout to collect the save and preserve the victory for GCU starter Garrett Ahern Ahern (1-0) posted seven strikeouts in six innings of work giving up just one run on four hits without a walk before yielding to Billy Gregory who offset two hits and a walk with three strikeouts in two scoreless frames Conversely, SDSU starter Xavier Cardenas III (0-1) was not as fortunate absorbing the loss after giving up five runs (four earned) on just two hits with five walks against a trio of strikeouts in three innings pitched Two Aztec errors in the top of the first resulted in an unearned run before the Lopes put up four markers in the third to build a 5-0 advantage Marcus Galvan and Carson Ohland drew walks to lead off the inning while Emilio Barreras soon followed with an RBI double before Ohland raced home on a wild pitch Cardenas seemed poised to minimize the damage after striking out Eddy Pelc and Zach Yorke sandwiched around a walk to Troy Sanders Eli Paton smacked an 0-2 offering down the left-field line for a two-run double as Sanders circled the bases behind Barreras SDSU finally broke through with a single tally in its half of the third when Smith crossed the plate on Bates’ RBI groundout to third as both runners advanced on Rutter’s sacrifice bunt However, GCU countered with another unearned run off Aztec reliever Luka Pintar in the fourth to extend its advantage to 6-1 Barreras was hit by a pitch with two outs and ultimately scored when Sanders’ infield single to third resulted in a wild throw to first GCU maintained a slight 9-8 advantage in hits, with Barreras and Paton collecting two apiece, while Nevan Noonan singled twice for SDSU in the loss. San Diego State closes out its weekend excursion to the desert on Sunday when it squares off against No. 24 Nebraska, starting at 5 p.m. MT/4 p.m. PT. The Aztecs-Huskers clash will be streamed live on MLB.com. Nebraska was a 6-4 victor over Vanderbilt on Saturday. Facebook EmailDerrick Tuskan/San Diego StateSANTA CLARA 20-ranked San Diego State water polo team saw the Santa Clara Broncos tally three straight goals to open its Golden Coast Conference game at Sullivan Aquatic Center but then responded by scoring six straight and 14 of the final 21 goals in a 14-10 victory on Saturday afternoon In the cage, Tiaare Ahovelo (9-8), the goalie of record, played the first 16 minutes surrendering four goals with six saves. Mandy Lagerlof was in goal for the second half and made three saves and assisted on three of the squad’s 14 goals 0-5 GCC) opened the scoring at the 6:53 mark and then added a third tally on a penalty shot with 4:06 to play in the opening quarter Kanemy halted the Broncos run on a penalty shot at 3:46 and was followed by Holcomb banging the back of the cage on her first of the day SDSU leveled the score at 3-3 with seven seconds to play on a Stark power play goal The assist was the 183rd of Kanemy’s Aztec career and moved her to within three of Elana Cervantes’ program record of 186 The second quarter started with the teams knotted at 3-3 but Bullock gave the Scarlet and Black its first lead at the 6:20 mark off an assist by Stark San Diego State increased its advantage to 5-3 on a successful penalty shot by Valdes three minutes into the period and then to 6-3 on a Bullock shot at 3:32 Stark picked up her second assist of the game on the strike and it was Bullock’s second goal of the game and the quarter SDSU held the Broncos off the scoreboard in the second and took its 6-3 lead into the half surrendered to Santa Clara the initial goal of the second half making it 6-4 Valdes got the goal back with 5:59 on the clock and 38 seconds later The Broncos halted San Diego State’s two goal run on a strike at 4:53 Sarmiento pushed the Aztecs lead back to four goals Lagerlof was credited with assists on both the Stoupas and Sarmiento goals After Holcomb scored her second of the game assisted by Sarmiento with 2:29 to go in the quarter SCU responded with the final tally of the period and it was 10-6 as the teams went to the fourth quarter Sixty-two seconds into the final eight minutes Santa Clara trimmed the lead to three goals Bell bent the net on a powerplay at the 5:16 mark and then Stark picked up her second score of the game Valdes was credited with an assist on the Bell goal and Lagerlof At 3:43, Ewing got into the scoring column, with Shannon Murphy getting an assist, on an Aztec powerplay to push the lead to 13-7. The Broncos reduced SDSU’s lead back to five goals just 10 seconds after Ewing’s tally and then made it 13-9 with 2:04 to go. Murphy and Holcomb, with 1:24 on the clock, connected on Holcomb’s third goal of the game, padding the lead and with 31 ticks on the clock, SCU scored the final goal in the 14-10 Aztecs win. San Diego State: 3-3-4-4 - 14Santa Clara: 3-0-3-4 - 10 San Diego State Goals: Holcomb (3), Bullock (2), Stark (2), Valdes (2), Bell, Ewing, Kanemy, Sarmiento, StoupasSanta Clara Goals: Rodman (3), Slater (2), Chambliss, Genco, Harvey, McCabe, Torres San Diego State Saves: Ahovelo (6), Lagerlof (3)Santa Clara Saves: Tassell (8) Facebook EmailDerrick Tuskan/SDSU AthleticsFEDERAL WAY – A trio of San Diego State divers concluded their stay at the NCAA Zone E Championships on Wednesday after competing in the preliminaries of the 1-meter springboard at Weyerhaeuser King County Aquatic Center Senior Summer Westmoreland narrowly missed out on a berth in the final round after placing 21st in the preliminaries with 231.55 points The top 18 finishers in the initial session earned a spot in the finals with the 18th-place competitor totaling 234.50 points In addition, fellow classmate Valentina Lopez Arevalo was slotted 27th in the preliminaries with a score of 224.55, followed by sophomore Alina Skrocki who finished in the 33rd position with 216.70 points Lopez Arevalo clinched a berth in the NCAA Women’s Swimming and Diving Championships with a sixth-place overall finish on the 3-meter springboard She will compete in the event next week at the national meet on Friday San Diego State had four players in double figures and held New Mexico The San Diego State men’s basketball team had four players in double figures, including a career-high matching 10 points from forward Miles Heide the team at the top of the Mountain West standings 73-65 at Steve Fisher Court at Viejas Arena on Tuesday night Boyd became just the third Aztec since the 2013-14 season to record at least 17 points joining Malachi Flynn (twice in the 2019-20 season) and Winston Shepard (Feb For the game San Diego State limited New Mexico (22-5 14-3 MW) to 34.4 percent shooting from the floor It is the second lowest field goal percentage shooting night of the season for the Lobos The only worse shooting game they have endured was a 33.3 percent effort in a loss at Wyoming on January 7 has not allowed the Lobos to total more than Tuesday night’s 65 points SDSU held New Mexico to 18 points below its season average The Aztecs led for 35:41, with New Mexico’s only lead, three points, coming 11:55 to play in the opening half. That lead was short lived after Heide and Pharaoh Compton Heide’s was a putback on an offensive board and Compton scored on a monster dunk with 10:36 on the clock San Diego State had its biggest lead of the half But New Mexico closed the half with a 10-5 surge and the teams went to the break with SDSU up 33-29 Three times, in the final 3:09, San Diego State led by 10 points before finishing off New Mexico 73-65. 2025Softball v Oklahoma06 February 2025: San Diego State softball lost to Oklahoma 11-6 in extra innings Thursday night at Aztec Softball Stadium.