Air Force engineers and archaeologists in Alaska have discovered a food cache on the Upper Cook Inlet southwest of Anchorage used 1,000 years ago to store salmon
“This is the oldest known site on the east side of Upper Cook Inlet,” said Margan Grover
an archaeologist and Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson’s cultural resource manager
“JBER and the surrounding area have been used for a very long time.”
The Air Force announced the find in December and it was spotlighted in the January issue of Archaeology magazine
The site was discovered last June during a routine surveying training exercise by the 673rd Civil Engineer Squadron in a remote
The squadron’s training is used to hone its skills to carry out “agile arctic combat support,” the Air Force said
The site was slowly excavated over the last year by a team of civilian Air Force archaeologists
tribal experts and the Northern Land Use Research Alaska group
They found a largely intact cache — about three feet wide by three feet long and three feet deep — lined with birch tree bark to keep out excessive moisture and invasive bugs or animals
“They established a cyclical system of movement that allowed them to be in the right place at the right time for hunting
Radiocarbon dating that measures deterioration of organic substances over time pegged the cache at about 10 centuries old
a civilian Air Force archaeologist at Elmendorf-Richardson
She likened the cache to a latter-day root cellar used by farmers
The cache dates to the time of the Dene people
ancestors of the Navajo and Apache in present-day New Mexico and Arizona
The find is seven centuries older than the 1778 visit of British explorer Captain James Cook
for whom the nearby inlet where the base is located is named
Researchers using scientific finds and oral traditions handed down over the centuries say native people would gather where the base is now located in the spring and stay through the summer to catch and preserve salmon
and smokehouses lined the bluff and beach along Upper Cook Inlet
“The Dene had a sophisticated understanding of their environment that allowed them to thrive for generations,” Grover said
Smaller finds of Dene artifacts have turned up at Elmendorf-Richardson in the past
but researchers believe that many caches were buried or destroyed when the military used heavy machinery to rapidly build the base during World War II
Elmendorf-Richardson has had an Army and Air Force presence on Upper Cook Inlet dating back to 1940
Today it is a joint Air Force and Army installation with 32,000 service members
Commands include the 11th Air Force and the Army’s 11th Airborne Division
reserve or National Guard troops were involved in the excavation
though volunteers on their own time have helped out
the National Historic Preservation Act ensures sites considered for development are first surveyed for possible historic significance before any work begins
“JBER cultural resources include historic buildings and districts
“Site types span pre-colonial periods through the Cold War.”
“Archaeological research supports current and future mission readiness by locating land use constraints early to allow time to avoid where possible or mitigate when necessary,” she said
Archeologists found a cache near Cook Inlet this summer that dates back almost a thousand years
The discovery is another testament that the Dene people have been the stewards of the lands in Southcentral Alaska for at least a millennia
“It's further confirmation of Denaʼina oral tradition,” said Aaron Leggett
the president of the Native Village of Eklutna
“It also shows that there's still a lot more work to be done on Denaʼina archeology
the Dene include Dena’ina and Ahtna people
as well as other cultural groups of the Interior and Southcentral regions
Leggett said that the Denaʼina people often followed the coast through the corridor of what is now JBER to get to fish camps in Anchorage
Archeologists expected the cache to be a couple hundred years old
but radiocarbon dating of the soil samples proved otherwise
an archaeologist and cultural resources program manager with JBER
“When we got the results back that said it was 960 years
“(We) were jumping up and down in our cube in tears
While some archeological sites in Alaska date up to 14,000 years back
development and less stable ground conditions in Southcentral often facilitate degradation
said another JBER archeologist and cultural resources program manager
“In the scale of Alaska archeology and history
But there's no sites that are that old on this side of the Inlet,” she said about the discovery
“It's just like a little time capsule up there.”
and there's giant spruce trees and birch trees and Knik Arm is just right there in front of you,” she said
The cache – which is about three-and-a-half feet deep – was lined with birch bark to keep dirt
Because the location is so close to the water
researchers expected to see traces of marine animals and fish inside the cellar
but the soil samples showed terrestrial animals such as moose or caribou
archeologists plan to revisit the site and evaluate the soil around the pit to learn if those initial samples showed what kinds of meat were stored inside the cache
or if they just reflect which mammals lived in the area
the researchers collaborated with elders and knowledge holders from Denaʼina and Ahtna tribes
This is how they learned about one physical landmark at the site – an old birch tree that has a letter T carved into it
Eklutna elders remember a fish camp in the area that belonged to the Theodore family with ties to Eklutna and Knik tribes
and some of them believe that the carving was an identifier for the camp
Such discoveries are important to discuss to highlight the long-standing Indigenous history of Anchorage’s urban landscape
1914 is when it's first established,” she said
“But there are people who were here much longer than that
and they were amazing stewards of this land
and so we have to make sure we acknowledge that.”
Oral history and archeological analysis often go hand in hand
who is a Chickaloon village tribal citizen and its tribal historic preservation officer
“There are things that we know inherently from what was passed down about living in a place
but there are other things that these archeological sites tell us about the past … and about hardship,” Wade said
“And how our people really persevered through things like volcanic winter or time when the fish didn't show up.”
half of Alaska’s population lives within the Dene lands
and a lot of those areas have been disturbed
tribal leaders said that a careful analysis of the remaining sites – in consultation with the tribes – is crucial
“I feel like every site that we learn about
every site that we can further investigate
is a piece of our history that was potentially lost,” Wade said
“So this is kind of regaining some of the history that we were separated from.”
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Bear sightings at Alaska’s largest military installation are nearing a battalion-sized count for 2024
About 600 reports of black and grizzly bears in and around Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson near Anchorage this year have been filed with the Wildlife Conservation Law Enforcement Office
and bears are very common,” said Erin Eaton
“The majority of these calls require little to no intervention and are just bears passing through the area.”
airmen and civilians at the base have learned to share the natural space surrounding the nearly 65,000-acre base with moose
But the interlopers who get the most attention at Elmendorf-Richardson are the bears
The base is the headquarters of several commands
including the 11th Air Force and the Army’s 11th Airborne Division
Bears have been photographed rummaging through soldiers’ curbside belongings
diving into dumpster trash and clawing at discarded home furnishings in the base’s suburban-like neighborhoods
the base’s Wildlife Conservation Law Enforcement Office received reports of bears getting into a food storage area
leaving just the cardboard and wrapper carnage of emptied field rations called MREs
Base officials couldn’t ascertain which of the approximately two dozen MRE combinations the bears gorged on
Among MRE offerings listed on an Army website are Jalapeno Pepper Jack Beef Patty
Spinach Mushrooms & Cream Sauce Fettuccine
the most recognizable element in the photos supplied by the Army of the bear feast were empty bags of M&M chocolate candy
a report came in “a little after midnight” of bears sighted inside a motor pool building
The wildlife agents arrived to find what they say was a 1-year-old bear behind the driver’s wheel of a Humvee
Army personnel took photos of the intruder
then opened exterior doors and distracted the bear
allowing it to amble off undisturbed away from the compound
The base encourages a “live and let live” approach to the bears
with specially trained wildlife officers responding to reports of sightings around populated areas
“We strongly encouraged to report all bear sitings near parks
the Elmendorf-Richardson wildlife biologist with the 673rd Civil Engineer Squadron
briefs newcomers on how to keep wildlife away as a bear-related best practices for base residents
Wildlife safety messages are also put up each spring when bears emerge from their dens
Residents are also reminded to remove outdoor bird feeders before bears begin actively seeking food
Summer’s exceptionally long warm days — with sometimes about 20 hours of sunshine — are a favorite for humans to go hiking and bears to go strolling
a wide berth for the furry travelers is suggested
the Elmendorf-Richardson wildlife conservation law enforcement officer with the 673d Civil Engineer Squadron
said bear interactions at the end of autumn are common as their usual sources of nourishment diminish with the onset of the prolonged Alaskan winter
“When more natural food for bears like berries
“Bears are opportunistic and will follow their noses looking for food
even if that’s in open buildings or unlocked vehicles.”
Recommendations to Elmendorf-Richardson residents include limiting the Halloween display of pumpkins or jack-o-lanterns
The 1,200 service members who enjoyed an early Thanksgiving feast at the base commissary on Nov
26 reported no bears sniffing around for festive foods
It helped that the thermometer showed temperatures in the teens and below on a day when the sun was up for less than seven hours
“It’s turned sharply colder lately,” Eaton said
the bear reports at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson have steadily declined to zero.”
The grizzly and black bears that live in the forests around the base are likely snug in their dens
Eaton said everyone knows it’s a relatively short break
and bears will return with the longer days of spring
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a fifth-generation fighter jet from Eielson Air Force Base near Fairbanks
performed during the Arctic Thunder Open House at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson on Sunday
(Bill Roth / ADN) An F-35 fighter jet that experienced an in-flight malfunction crashed early Tuesday afternoon at Eielson Air Force Base near Fairbanks
The pilot declared an emergency and ejected prior to the crash just before 1 p.m
Eielson officials said at a media briefing Tuesday
The pilot was “safe” in stable condition and undergoing a medical evaluation Tuesday afternoon
The pilot was transported to Bassett Army Hospital in Fairbanks for further evaluation and had been released as of Wednesday
Asked about earlier reports that described the pilot as unhurt
Townsend said he wasn’t ready to comment on any specific injuries
A pilot in the area described a black column of smoke following the fiery crash
Video circulating online shows the moment an F-35 fighter jet crashed Tuesday during a training exercise at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska.The pilot experienced an “inflight malfunction” but was able to safely eject from the aircraft, officials said. https://t.co/dsv7KRNNJN pic.twitter.com/YaTfonFS7S
“We are thankful that the pilot and those responding to the incident are safe,” Townsend said
An investigation is underway into the cause of the malfunction
The pilot was participating in a training in local airspace when the crash occurred
The F-35s are long-range supersonic fighter jets with stealth capability that can reach anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere in one mission
There are 54 of the fighter jets stationed at Eielson, which is located about 25 miles southeast of Fairbanks. The last two arrived at the base in 2022
Two squadrons of F-22 Raptor fighter jets are also stationed with the 3rd Wing at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson near Anchorage
The F-35A is the U.S. Air Force’s “latest fifth-generation fighter” that replaced an aging fleet of F-16 Fighting Falcons and A-10 Thunderbolt II’s, according to an Eielson fact sheet
The average price of one new F-35 was set at roughly $81 million in a preliminary deal for a large order of new aircraft between the U.S. Department of Defense and manufacturer Lockheed Martin as reported in December by Air & Space Forces Magazine
Officials on Tuesday asked the public not to stop on the Richardson Highway adjacent to the base because it “poses a safety risk and impedes recovery efforts” and noted that federal law prohibits photography along that section of highway
Townsend said an accident investigation board will convene to look into cause of the crash and a safety investigation will also be conducted “that looks at it from a safety perspective to see what we can do to prevent further incidents or mishaps.”
There have been a number of crashes involving the stealth fighter jets in recent years, including one in 2023 in South Carolina that sparked a search after the plane proved hard to find
A U.S. Marine Corps investigation found the jet that had an electrical malfunction and the pilot became disoriented, according to reporting in Military.com
A test pilot was seriously injured by another F-35 crash near Albuquerque’s airport in May 2024 after taking off from Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico.
Asked if Tuesday’s crash affected Eielson’s faith in the F-35, Townsend said the base “will continue to look at the investigation and do our best to uncover any of the things that might have contributed to the incident. But right now, I can stand and say that I have full faith in the capabilities of the F-35A.”
Zaz Hollander is a veteran journalist based in the Mat-Su and is currently an ADN local news editor and reporter. She covers breaking news, the Mat-Su region, aviation and general assignments. Contact her at zhollander@adn.com.
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Air Force airman new to Alaska died in a “workplace incident” Friday while performing maintenance on a fighter jet at Anchorage’s Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson
was working on an F-22 Raptor when he died
Lexi Buckley declined to release additional information about what happened
saying Crumlett's death remains under investigation
No one else was injured during the incident
where he was assigned to the base’s 90th Fighter Generation Squadron
he worked on F-15 Strike Eagles and A-10 Warthogs as well as F-22 Raptors
carries missiles and bombs in internal storage bays
The bays are covered by doors designed to protect the Raptor from being detected on radar by quickly opening and closing in combat
Base officers remembered Crumlett in an Air Force statement on Monday
noting both his passion and his dedication to his comrades
the Dicemen mourn the loss of one of our own,” said Lt
Crumlett’s drive and willingness to help his fellow maintainers is a loss for the entire maintenance community
We send our thoughts and prayers to his family
JBER’s 3rd Wing paused operations on Friday after Crumlett’s death
The base’s 90th and 525th Fighter Squadrons and their support units