Voters head into Grapevine Public Library before the polls close for the May 3 election By | May 5 Meow Wolf’s Texas-based exhibitions have achieved international acclaim at IAAPA Honors 2025 one of the most prestigious award programs in the global attractions industry Announced this week at Europa-Park in Rust Meow Wolf Grapevine was named 2025’s Top Location-Based Experience (LBE) in the world while Meow Wolf Houston received global recognition for Best Food & Beverage Building Renovation or New Build for its signature dining experience Held for the first time in Europe in conjunction with Europa-Park’s 50th anniversary IAAPA Honors 2025 gathered industry leaders from more than 100 countries to recognize creativity Meow Wolf was one of only a handful of U.S.-based companies to receive recognition The Top LBE of the Year award—one of the evening’s most coveted honors—spotlights Meow Wolf Grapevine’s achievement in redefining what an immersive art experience can be Located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, The Real Unreal exhibition has quickly become a cultural anchor in the region and community collaboration in ways rarely seen in traditional attractions “To see a Texan experience like Meow Wolf Grapevine celebrated on an international stage is incredibly meaningful,” said Meow Wolf Grapevine General Manager Jamie Weaver-Garia and guests who have shaped our Meow Wolf locations into something truly extraordinary. We’re honored to represent the innovation coming out of North Texas.”Meow Wolf Houston the exhibition’s otherworldly bar and grill that fuses psychedelic visuals in a western dive world Designed by a collective of Texan artists and featuring a menu curated to reflect Houston’s culinary creativity the venue has quickly become a standout in the city’s food and beverage scene “Cowboix Hevvven pushes the boundaries of what food and beverage can be in an immersive space,” said General Manager of Meow Wolf Houston Aaron Johnson “This award reflects the talent and imagination of Houston’s artists and chefs who helped create a dining experience that’s as inventive as the exhibition itself.” This dual recognition solidifies Meow Wolf’s reputation as a leader in immersive arts and entertainment—not just nationally With both Texas locations less than two years old the honors signal a powerful emergence of creative excellence from the Lone Star State.  The accolades come on the heels of last week’s Webby Award wins further affirming Meow Wolf’s expanding influence on the global and digital stage Sign up to be alerted when the latest Amusement Today issue is published via our Digital Edition and you’ll also receive the daily EXTRA featuring FREE industry news delivered directly to your email every workday morning by Amusement Today © 1997-2025 Amusement Today Originally posted on August 27, 2022 @ 5:59 pmID and Octavia Spencer Expand Collaboration The leading true-crime network ID, and its streaming home discovery+, today announced FEDS (wt), the next collaboration in … Read More Originally posted on August 26, 2022 @ 10:38 pmICYMI: Masterchef Back to Win Recap for 8/24/2022 A gas station cooking challenge…..I never would have thought of this! 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Tonight’s episode of Big Brother 24 on CBS opens with the aftermath … Read More Buffy cuddles her human #petsoftiktok #catsoftiktok #buffy By Uwa Ede-OsifoBreaking Features Reporter James Rees, the Grapevine Mustang band director, said Wednesday “the kids were over the moon.” View this post on Instagram A post shared by The Grapevine Edit (@thegrapevineedit) News RoundupsCatch up on the day's news you need to know GoogleFacebookBy signing up you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy The tailgate will take place from noon to 6 p.m Malone’s team gave the Grapevine marching band permission to create arrangements for his songs “I Had Some Help,” “Rockstar,” “Congratulations,” “Sunflower” and “Circles.” The 29-year-old rapper-turned-country crooner once roamed the hallways of Grapevine High School Everyone at the school is aware of the famous alum, Rees said, mentioning that a few years back, Malone gifted special Crocs to students and staff The band will perform in custom T-shirts — with one reserved for Malone — featuring Grapevine High’s mustang logo in the same color scheme and font as the promotional materials for Malone’s “Big Ass Stadium Tour.” Rees is hopeful the students will get a chance to meet the musician “The band program here at Grapevine — we exist to give students incredible opportunities … memories that are going to last their entire life,” Rees said The North American leg of the tour will conclude on July 1 in San Francisco Long before he was a stadium-filling popstar Malone forayed into music as a student at Grapevine High He created a disco-esque music video for an art class project wearing mini-shorts and black shades as he performed an original song “Why Don’t You Love Me?” “A good buddy of mine Jason — we always used to make skits and mess around and have fun,” he said in a 2024 interview on child reporter Jazlyn Guerra’s YouTube channel. “Those shorts I still wear to this day.” Thank you for reading. We welcome your thoughts on this topic. Comments are moderated for adherence to our Community Guidelines. Please read the guidelines before participating. Expect delays on northbound Interstate 5 after a reported fire near the Grapevine Wednesday morning (KBAK/KBFX) — All lanes reopened on northbound Interstate 5 after a reported fire near the Grapevine Wednesday morning The California Highway Patrol said on April 30 a fire was reported on northbound Interstate 5 CHP said the fire was on the center median The website said there was a crash reported in the area with a vehicle going down the ditch The number one northbound lane is blocked by the fire department Expect slow and stopped traffic in the area "...drivers slowing down to try and catch a glimpse of the fire Keep the cell phones down and focus on driving safely through the area Stay focused on the traffic in front of you." CHP's website said the crash was non-injury You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience Mark your calendars and prepare for a weekend packed with Texas charm, flavorful eats, and high-energy entertainment: Grapevine’s 41st Annual Main Street Fest is back from May 16-18 and promises to be bigger and better than ever Known as "A Timeless Texas Tradition," this beloved three-day festival transforms Grapevine’s Historic Main Street into a lively celebration of food Grab your friends and fam for a fun weekend Live music lights up the streetsThis year’s musical lineup is headlined by none other than country music legend Neal McCoy who will take the Arca Continental Coca-Cola Southwest Beverages Main Stage on Friday With more than six million records sold and chart-toppers like "No Doubt About It" and "Wink," McCoy’s dynamic performance is set to kick off the weekend with high energy and heartfelt country flair Neal McCoy is the musical headliner.Photo courtesy of Grapevine CVB Rising Texas star Colton Rice opens the show at 7 pm setting the tone for a weekend of nonstop live entertainment across three stages Main Street Fest showcases a variety of regional acts throughout the weekend offering everything from rock and blues to country and pop Tastes for every palateFood is at the heart of any great festival Visitors can indulge in iconic festival favorites like corny dogs and other fried treats while also enjoying elevated bites from local vendors the Craft Brew and Wine Pavilion provides a chance to sip and savor local wines and specialty brews in a relaxed environment Fun for the whole familyThis fest is for the families The KidZone is packed with interactive activities and kid-friendly entertainment to keep the youngest guests happy and engaged The Carnival & Midway adds an extra thrill with classic rides and games for all ages from gentle spins to heart-racing adventures shoppers will find more than 70 artisan vendors offering handmade goods perfect for discovering one-of-a-kind treasures the event’s setting on Grapevine’s Historic Main Street adds an extra layer of charm and art galleries all open throughout the weekend Plan your visitAdmission to the festival is free on Friday until 5 pm, after which entry is $10 for adults and $5 for children and seniors. Tickets are on sale now Whether you're coming for the live music Grapevine’s Main Street Fest offers something for everyone With its perfect blend of tradition and new experiences it’s easy to see why this event has become a staple of the Texas festival season Editor's note: The top Dallas news of the week is chock-full of happenings in the restaurant scene. Exciting openings include a burger joint's new location, BBQ hidden gem, and the new Gas Monkey IceHouse from Richard Rawlings. Get the details on the most popular Dallas stories of the week below, and then head to our event planner for some weekend fun 1. Award-winning Dallas burger joint opens location in Forney An ambitious burger restaurant from Dallas has debuted in Forney Blues Burgers is from Howard and Catherine Baldwin who opened the original Blues Burgers near Love Field in Dallas in 2014 2. Family Tex-Mex shutters and more Dallas restaurant news This roundup of Dallas restaurant news has one tragic closure but also some upbeat reopenings and relocations 3. Hidden gem BBQ spot in Grand Prairie boasts up-close golf course views There’s a hidden gem for BBQ now open in Grand Prairie 4. Dallas celeb Richard Rawlings opens Gas Monkey IceHouse at The Colony The day has arrived for the opening of Gas Monkey Icehouse the new concept from automotive icon and DFW native Richard Rawlings 5. Dallas foodie fave restaurant Cris and John relocates after 7 years A major Dallas foodie favorite is on the move Cris and John Vietnamese Street Food is leaving its location in Far North Dallas at 5555 Preston Oaks Rd. and moving yet further north to 6090 Campbell Rd. in a shopping center at the corner of Preston Road Below are race results for elections in Tarrant County on Saturday Some races will include results for votes in multiple jurisdictions and are labeled (All Counties); otherwise the total is only for votes cast in that county Get top local stories delivered to you every morning with NBC DFW's News Headlines newsletter Mustangs To Play At 'Hype Event,' Cover Post Songs and he's making sure his alma mater will get a chance to be involved in his show The Grapevine High School Mustang Band has officially accepted an invite to play at the "hype event" before Post Malone’s concert May 9 at AT&T Stadium The band will play custom versions of Post's songs in the AT&T parking lot "When we shared the news with our students and announced that our solo and chamber music recitals would be rescheduled to make this possible the reaction was electric," said James Rees "The excitement of getting to perform at a Post Malone concert is something our students will never forget." Post Malone graduated from Grapevine High School and is a proud alumnus members of the Mustang Band will also appear on Fox 4's "Good Day." Rees said the appearance is scheduled for Monday Posted By: Special to The Grapevine May 4 As America continues to grapple with the legacy of Donald Trump it has become increasingly clear that the former president and his loyal base are not merely disruptive forces in politics—they represent a deep and troubling erosion of the values that define democratic societies From spreading baseless conspiracy theories to emboldening hatred Trump’s rhetoric and actions have left an indelible mark on the American political landscape revealing a stark reality: he and his supporters are actively working to undermine the very institutions that sustain freedom At the heart of Trumpism is a brand of populism that exploits the frustrations and fears of ordinary Americans Trump’s ability to tap into deep-seated anger particularly among white working-class voters gave rise to a movement that is centered around a culture of grievance His supporters—often rallying behind the idea of “taking America back”—view themselves as the victims of a country changing too rapidly painting them as scapegoats for their perceived downfall it is not just the ideas espoused by Trump that are dangerous; it is the actions and behaviors that those ideas inspire where a mob of Trump’s followers stormed the U.S was the culmination of years of violent rhetoric and unfounded claims about a “stolen election.” In the wake of that event Trump’s continued refusal to accept defeat and his relentless promotion of conspiracy theories have only further fractured the nation’s unity and ordinary citizens who stand in opposition to his vision of America But the damage is not limited to the Capitol Trump’s supporters have created a culture of division and intolerance that has seeped into every corner of American society They champion policies that target the most vulnerable: efforts to restrict voting rights Trump’s most ardent followers have cheered on his administration’s cruel immigration policies including family separations at the southern border and rallied behind his dismissive attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives in the U.S More troubling still is the way Trump has normalized lies Trump has fostered an environment where truth no longer matters and public accountability is optional many of whom have come to view him as a messianic figure seem willing to justify any means to secure his hold on power even if it means sacrificing the country’s democratic principles in the process Perhaps the most troubling aspect of Trump and his followers is the way they have injected hate into the mainstream They have emboldened white nationalist groups encouraged violence against political opponents Their brand of politics is not about unity but about division—about creating an “us vs them” mentality that sees anyone who disagrees with them as an enemy As the nation faces unprecedented challenges—from climate change to systemic inequality to a fractured political system—Trump and his supporters represent the worst of what America can become Their refusal to engage in civil discourse and their disdain for the principles of democracy have put the future of the nation at risk and the question remains: can America recover from the damage done by those who have embraced Trump’s dangerous vision The World Breaking News, Featured, Immigration, News Immigration, Public Policy, The World Democracy is at risk & the Democrats had 4 years to find cultivate someon who could beat Trump and did not which 90% of Americnas want was not solved during Biden’s admin & they did not replace Trump’s judges in the Courts including the Supreme Cour Best get geared up for 28 and find the right Candidate or we may have to speak Russian or Chinese in 29 and website in this browser for the next time I comment Δdocument.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Enter your email address to subscribe to this amazing new wave experience and receive notifications of new posts by email You're engaged at The Grapevine -- you're reading this correct -- and enjoy the varied and interesting stories especially created for the North San Diego County community We offer 500-to-700 word stories with optional photo display that runs in our new featured content section Stories run forever on the site with the latest stories at top of the section Cost is $300 to $750 depending on the feature It’s a great way to get out the word about you while helping us cover the community in the rich way it deserves We also are open to other custom arrangements Email us at escondidograpevine@gmail.com and we’ll work it out The Escondido Grapevine has provided factual informative and interesting information and news since 2015 It has been our pleasure and civic duty to do this especially considering the status of North County as a news desert given the demise of The North County Times and low coverage priority of regional corporate We have provided this service free of charge and never asked for… Community journalism can NOT exist without some help from you Copyright 2025 | MH Newsdesk by MH ThemesThe Grapevine May 3 San Diego County Sheriff Kelly Martinez is a politician dressed in a badge pretending to uphold the law while peddling fear and dodging accountability she declared herself above the will of the people she supposedly serves all in the name of bending the knee to ICE—Trump’s personal deportation squad San Diego County supervisors made their decision clear: local resources would not be wasted tearing apart families or doing the dirty work of an administration obsessed with turning immigration into a boogeyman who joined two other Democrats on the board of supervisors to approve the policy local cops should focus on local crime rather than becoming a second-string Border Patrol the county supervisors—a bunch of elected officials who somehow remembered their job was to serve the people—voted to stop playing bagman for Donald Trump’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) It was a reasonable move: don’t let local cops get used as muscle for federal immigration crackdowns that rip apart families and bury community trust Three out of five supervisors thought this was a no-brainer she basically told the board to go pound sand like some high school principal who just discovered TikTok she stuck her badge in the faces of every immigrant family in the county and said What Martinez really means is that she’s perfectly fine with doing ICE’s dirty work Never mind that ICE has enough funding to build itself a fortress but not enough decency to stop separating families And never mind that people voted for supervisors like Nora Vargas precisely because they wanted someone to protect their neighbors from the federal government’s clumsy boot Migrants who crossed the U.S.-Mexico border near McAllen Martinez sees “loopholes” to exploit and legal cover to hide behind Her office claimed that current state law “strikes the right balance” between cooperating with ICE and ensuring public safety The only thing balanced here is the sheriff’s stance between political expedience and outright cruelty This isn’t just about one sheriff in one county This is about what happens when the people we elect—or the ones who get elected on autopilot—forget who they work for sounds more like an ICE flack than a Democrat That’s a great gig if you’re angling for a Fox News segment but it’s a lousy deal for San Diego’s 3.3 million residents And let’s not kid ourselves: Trump’s ICE is desperate for enablers and without sheriffs like Martinez to play along ICE wants jails to be detention centers and deputies to act as immigration agents trying to explain to their constituents why the sheriff would rather take orders from Washington than from the community she serves It’s the kind of loophole that screams “we don’t care” louder than any press release ever could not much beyond currying favor with folks like Trump’s border czar who blames “sanctuary laws” for every crime since Cain whacked Abel Never mind that Homan’s rhetoric has been debunked more times than a flat-earther’s blog The people of San Diego voted for a board that said no to complicity And they got a sheriff who responded by saying yes—to herself you don’t have to listen to the county supervisors they’re going to remind you that even a sheriff is just another public servant with a badge—until they take it away North County, Politics Health, Health & Fitness, Lifestyle, San Diego Immigration Coronavirus, Health, Lifestyle/Society, San Diego Here's a selection of our recent premium content. Follow VCCircle on Google News for the latest updates on Business and Startup News (Courtesy Grapevine Convention & Visitors Bureau) This article explores the mechanisms of cold hardiness highlighting potential cold damage in some vinifera wine grapes Grapevine cold hardiness is a critical factor in viticulture especially in regions like Michigan that experience severe winter temperatures Understanding the mechanisms behind cold tolerance and effective vineyard management practices is essential for grape growers aiming to protect their crops and enhance yields providing insights into the physiological processes of cold hardiness and the impact of dormancy on grapevine resilience it presents the latest cold hardiness evaluations for the 2024-2025 season highlighting potential risks of freeze injury in certain vinifera grape varieties Cold hardiness refers to a grapevine's capability to withstand freezing temperatures during winter months. This trait is essential in regions experiencing substantial temperature drops, impacting both the survival and productivity of vines. Cold hardiness is commonly assessed by identifying the lethal temperature at which 50% of primary buds are killed grapevines undergo physiological changes that enhance their cold tolerance influenced by environmental cues such as decreasing day lengths and falling temperatures The process of achieving cold hardiness in grapevines involves several complex physiological mechanisms gradually increasing their tolerance to lower temperatures This phase is characterized by reductions in tissue water content and elevated concentrations of cryoprotectants During winter, vines reach peak cold hardiness, enabling them to survive extreme temperatures. This acclimatization continues until spring, when rising temperatures initiate deacclimation (read more in “Michigan grape growers should prepare for potential late winter freeze and early spring frost risks” from Michigan State University Extension) rendering the vines susceptible to frost damage A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is essential for effective vineyard management and enhancing grape productivity in cold climates Cold hardiness varies significantly across grapevine species and cultivars making it crucial for growers to select varieties suited to their climatic conditions exhibits lower cold hardiness compared to North American species like Vitis riparia which can tolerate much colder environments Very few Vitis vinifera varieties can thrive in extreme cold regions necessitating careful varietal selection for successful viticulture under challenging climatic conditions Several factors influence grapevine cold hardiness environmental conditions and vineyard management practices Genetic diversity among grapevine cultivars contributes to variations in cold tolerance with some demonstrating considerably higher hardiness such as temperature fluctuations and the duration of cold periods critically affect a vine's acclimation ability Dormancy is a fundamental phase in the grapevine lifecycle during which metabolic activity significantly diminishes to withstand harsh winter conditions This phase can be categorized into three distinct stages: acclimation Acclimation begins in the fall with decreasing temperatures prompting grapevines to enter a heightened state of cold hardiness Physiological changes occur during this period including the accumulation of protective compounds and modifications in cell structures to prevent ice formation enabling them to endure temperatures well below their lethal thresholds the transition from mid-winter dormancy to deacclimation carries significant risks As warming temperatures signal early spring grapevines may lose their cold hardiness in a process known as deacclimation This gradual reduction in tolerance can leave buds vulnerable to late frosts particularly when unseasonably warm spells encourage early bud break If active buds face a severe cold snap shortly thereafter resulting in reduced yields and compromised fruit quality different grapevine varieties respond variably to temperature changes during this critical zone Research indicates that certain cultivars possess varying tolerances to both cold and frost events creating discrepancies in how efficiently each variety manages abrupt climatic shifts growers must select grapevine varieties based on their specific terroirs and resilience to extreme temperatures We have integrated daily minimum temperatures from across Michigan's grape-growing regions with a cold hardiness table for grapevines which categorizes varieties into six levels of cold tolerance ranging from very cold tender to very cold hardy provides a comprehensive framework for assessing freeze risk The combined chart in Figure 1 indicates that freeze damage is expected in all very cold tender and cold tender vinifera grape varieties the chart suggests the possibility of some freeze damage in varieties classified as relatively cold hardy Cold hardiness assessment results and LT50 temperatures (F) for the dormant season of 2024-2025 Note: Positive LT50 values indicate temperatures above freezing while negative values indicate sub-freezing temperatures The lethal temperature for 50% bud mortality (LT50) is a critical metric for assessing grapevine cold hardiness A lower LT50 indicates greater cold tolerance showing the progression of cold hardiness across various grapevine varieties The LT50 temperatures show a clear trend of varying cold hardiness across the different grape varieties evaluated Chardonnay and Pinot Gris appear to have a relatively porous resistance to cold temperatures with their LT50 values dipping significantly below freezing as the dormant season progresses although it also experiences significant temperature drops by mid-January showcasing substantial vulnerability by reaching a LT50 of -16.1 degrees Fahrenheit which indicates its sensitivity to colder temperatures Pinot Noir and Cabernet Franc (particularly in high tunnel conditions) display considerable cold hardiness with Cabernet Franc pictured to better withstand cold conditions earlier in the season compared to the latter Refosco shows high LT50 values early in the season indicating that it may not withstand as severe conditions as others can There is a distinct pattern of decreasing temperatures as time progresses with most varieties experiencing colder LT50 values in January compared to their initial assessments in November This is indicative of the increasing cold acclimation process typical in vines as they prepare for winter Understanding grapevine cold hardiness is essential for successful viticulture particularly in regions susceptible to severe winter temperatures like Michigan.​ The physiological mechanisms behind cold tolerance the importance of carbon partitioning and effective vineyard management practices are pivotal in enhancing the resilience of grapevines against extreme cold The analysis of cold hardiness assessments for the 2024-2025 dormant season reveals significant variability among grapevine varieties emphasizing the need for careful varietal selection and targeted management strategies recognizing the critical role of dormancy and the potential risks of freeze injury during deacclimation is paramount for grape growers The data highlights that specific vinifera varieties may face substantial risks during winter months and early spring necessitating proactive measures to mitigate potential losses by integrating knowledge of cold hardiness traits environmental factors and best practices in vineyard management growers can optimize grape production and improve the sustainability of their operations amidst the challenges posed by climate fluctuations Through informed decision-making and adaptive strategies viticulturists can safeguard their crops against extreme temperature events ensuring fruitful yields and high-quality grapes for the future Check out the MSU Fruit & Vegetable Crop Management Program Check out the MSU Agricultural Industries Program Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work This information is for educational purposes only Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) was denied by the Grapevine City Council at the April 15 meeting TxDOT changed the traffic patterns along the SH 121 and I-635 split in Grapevine April 12-13 The road now features three lanes going north Growing Gardens creates food security for students Executive Director Jason Skipton speaks with Oregon Grapevine host about the importance of food access for all One of the races on the ballot for some Tarrant County voters is for Grapevine City Council Metrics details shows hourglass-shaped ontogeny-phylogeny correlations at the transcriptome level many plants are capable of yielding a fully viable next generation by somatic embryogenesis—a comparable developmental process that usually starts with the embryogenic induction of a diploid somatic cell To explore the correspondence between ontogeny and phylogeny in this alternative developmental route in plants here we develop a highly efficient model of somatic embryogenesis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and sequence its developmental transcriptomes By combining the evolutionary properties of grapevine genes with their expression values recovered from early induction to the formation of juvenile plants we find a strongly supported hourglass-shaped developmental trajectory in contrast to zygotic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis where the torpedo stage is the most evolutionarily inert the heart stage expresses the most evolutionarily conserved transcriptome This represents a surprising finding because it suggests a better evolutionary system-level analogy between animal development and plant somatic embryogenesis than zygotic embryogenesis We conclude that macroevolutionary logic is deeply hardwired in plant ontogeny and that somatic embryogenesis is likely a primordial embryogenic program in plants leaving the existence of such correlations in other plant species or alternative developmental routes uncertain despite similar final developmental outcomes compared to ZE is a unique developmental route in seed plants To overcome these limitations and to explore phylogeny-ontogeny correlations along the full SE developmental process we established a highly efficient protocol for the direct induction of SE in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) “Malvasia Istriana” a perennial woody dicotyledon species and a cultivar with an international reputation vinifera SE morphologically roughly resemble the stages of normal ZE and the resulting embryos possess a high potential for immediate plantlet regeneration Here we show a strongly supported hourglass-shaped developmental trajectory in V the recovered SE patterns better align with theoretical expectations than previously found profiles in ZE This suggests that SE is a primordial process tightly linked to the evolutionary origin of development in plants To make the hourglass patterns visually comparable between these studies the TAI values were normalized to a range between 0 and 1 (see “Methods”) These high numbers showed that essentially all genes were transcribed at some point along the developmental trajectory of SE this reveals that SE cannot be considered some simplified derivative of ZE but rather a full-fledged developmental process that utilizes essentially all available protein-coding genetic information vinifera is a highly regulated process underpinned by substantial changes at the transcriptome level vinifera developmental stages are shown in different colors where shades of red represent early (EI–G2) and shades of green represent the late developmental stages (C2–JP) Replicates are in the same color and connected with lines We performed transcriptome sequencing in n = 5 (C2 and EP stages) and n = 3 (the remaining 10 stages) biological replicates Black arrows correspond to the experimental timeline of V vinifera development that starts with EI and ends at JP Developmental stages: early induction (EI) seedling with epicotyl (EP) and juvenile plant (JP) These results suggest that the hourglass-shaped ontogeny-phylogeny correlations represent an ancient macroevolutionary imprint deeply embedded in the lineage that led to the origin of land plants these results confirm the existence of an hourglass-shaped ontogeny-phylogeny correlation in SE development in relatively recent evolutionary history that spans V This rather regular expression profile of many important SE genes qualifies them as useful markers for tracking SE in future studies a Embryo induction potential of wild type A. thaliana (WT) and drm1/drm2 double mutant. The mean values of n = 3 individual experiments, each including 50 to 100 embryos per line, are shown (Supplementary Data 10) P value (Student’s t-test) shows statistically significant differences between the mean values (95% confidence interval: 0.013–0.64 The effect size was determined by calculating Hedges’ g which equals 1.88 and denotes a large effect size Dots represent the actual percentage of embryo induction in each of the three individual experiments in each line Zygotic embryo explants of WT exposed to 2,4-D develop callus-like tissue between the cotyledons (WT Somatic embryos formed 10 days after transfer to 2,4-D-free medium (WT The absence of somatic embryogenesis induction in the drm1/drm2 mutant line (drm1/drm2 day 7) resulted in the root proliferation and formation of non-embryogenic callus (drm1/drm2 which does not depend on these adaptations might be a better representation of the ancestral embryogenic trajectory of land plants is a better model to study general developmental principles in land plants than ZE whether the stress induction of SE in natural settings has a broader prevalence and adaptive value remains unclear This suggests that the hourglass pattern might represent a convergent feature of complex multicellularity across distinct evolutionary lineages this would open the possibility that developmental hourglass in plants in addition to purifying and positive selection the difference in the relative positioning of the hourglass waist between zygotic and SE observed in this study suggests that the phylotypic stage may undergo heterochronic shifts we conclude that macroevolutionary imprint in the form of hourglass-shaped ontogeny-phylogeny correlations is deeply hardwired in plant ontogeny and is largely resilient to alternative developmental routes Our discovery that the shape of ontogeny-phylogeny correlations in SE better fits with theoretical expectations and that it more closely resembles analogous patterns in animals suggests that SE is likely a primordial embryogenic program in plants The pH of the media was adjusted to 5.8 before sterilization at 121 °C Whole flower buds were aseptically removed from the inflorescence and opened by cutting the basal side of the bud Filaments were excised at their bases using a medical needle under the stereomicroscope and placed with their adaxial side facing the surface of the medium Between 20 and 25 explants were cultivated in a 30 × 10 mm Petri dish at 24 °C in the dark Cultures were cultivated at 24 °C in the dark The yellowish proembryogenic masses (EI) were formed on the filament tip the proembryogenic masses were mechanically separated from the filament and cultivated in liquid induction medium for 16 h with constant agitation in the growth chamber at 24 °C in the dark After sieving the cell suspension through a 150 µm nylon mesh cells and small cell clusters from the liquid phase were collected on 50 µm nylon mesh and split into two portions One half was recultured for testing the embryogenic competence (induction success) while the rest was shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until further use Only if recultured cells were efficient in embryo production (pre-globular and globular embryo formation within 2 weeks) the corresponding frozen sample was used further Pre-globular (PG) and globular stage (G1 and G2 different in size) embryos were isolated from the embryogenic tissue by sieving the tissue through the metal mesh to remove the older stages and large clusters The filtrate fraction that contained mostly PG and G embryos was washed further with a fresh liquid basic medium by using a 150 µm nylon mesh to remove single cells and small clusters they were again re-washed with a basic medium using a 150 µm nylon mesh cotyledonary C1 and C2) were isolated using fine forceps and a needle based on their specific shapes and sizes observed under a binocular microscope Collected embryos were washed with basic medium by using a 150 µm nylon mesh to remove the remaining tissue The stages of postembryonic development were determined according to the development of root hairs Explants were cultured for seven days under long-day conditions (16 h light/8 h dark After 7 days of cultivation on induction media the induction potential of each line was calculated The induced explants were transferred to maturation media (E5 without 2,4-D) and cultured for another 10 days under the same conditions to allow somatic embryos to develop Total RNA was isolated from somatic embryos using the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen Germany) with slight modification of the manufacturer’s protocol samples contained between 50 and 70 individual embryos Each sample was homogenized in 450 μL RLT buffer with 20 mg PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone; Sigma USA) in a 2 mL plastic tube using four stainless steel beads (3 mm diameter) The homogenate was filtered in a Qiashreader column at 10,000 rpm for 1 min The supernatant was mixed with 0.5 volumes of 96% EtOH and centrifuged according to the manufacturer’s instructions DNA removal was performed by applying 80 μL of DNase I working solution (10 μL DNase stock + 70 μL 1x RDD buffer; RNase-Free DNase Set Germany) to the column and incubated for 15 min at room temperature Then 350 µL of RW1 buffer was added to the column and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 s This washing step was repeated one more time two washing steps were performed with 500 μL of RPE buffer at 10,000 rpm for 15 s The RNA was eluted with 40 μL of Tris-HCl pH 6.8 (Ambion 1 μL of RNase inhibitor (40  U/μL; Thermo Scientific USA) was added to the sample and incubated for 5 min at room temperature and stored at −20 °C before sequencing Isolated RNA was quantified on a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Fischer The A260/280 values for all samples were between 1.8 and 2.0 and the RNA concentrations were in the range of 20–190 ng/µL depending of the embryo developmental stage The RNA quality was tested by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis (1xTAE) and relative expression values of phylostrata we discarded genes that had the expression value of zero in more than two developmental stages For genes that had a single stage with the expression value of zero we interpolated it with the mean of the two adjacent stages (1064 genes) or if the expression value of zero was in the first or last stage we transferred the value of the only neighboring stage directly (390 genes) the expression values for each gene were normalized to the median and log2 transformed resulting in the standardized expression values for 26,181 genes The choice of internodes (phylostrata) in the consensus phylogeny depended on their phylogenetic support in the literature the availability of reference genomes for the terminal taxa and their importance for evolutionary transitions For each developmental stage, using the expression values of 29,623 protein-coding genes, we calculated the TAI (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Data 5): The TAI values from SE and ZE were normalized as follows: where Norm(TAIs) represents the normalized TAI value for the developmental stage s, xs is the TAI value of a developmental stage s, while min(x) and max(x) are the minimum and maximum TAI values across all developmental stages. The obtained normalized TAI values were plotted on the Y axis in a range from 0 (lowest TAI value) and 1 (highest TAI value) (Fig. 1e) For each developmental stage, using the dN values of 18,751 genes, we calculated the transcriptome nonsynonymous divergence index (TdNI) (Fig. 1e, Supplementary Data 5): Relative expression values for a certain phylostratum range from 1 in the developmental stage where the mean normalized expression value is the highest and 0 where the mean normalized expression value is the lowest Other statistical procedures are described in their corresponding sections in “Methods” Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article A phylogenetically based transcriptome age index mirrors ontogenetic divergence patterns Gene expression divergence recapitulates the developmental hourglass model Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals vertebrate phylotypic period during organogenesis A transcriptomic hourglass in plant embryogenesis Evidence for active maintenance of phylotranscriptomic hourglass patterns in animal and plant embryogenesis Post-embryonic hourglass patterns mark ontogenetic transitions in plant development Embryo-like features in developing Bacillus subtilis biofilms Cross-kingdom comparison of the developmental hourglass A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis Regulation of cell reprogramming by auxin during somatic embryogenesis The ‘mother of thousands’ (Kalanchoë daigremontiana): a plant model for asexual reproduction and CAM studies Somatic Embryogenesis: What These Terms Mean in the Era of Molecular Plant Biology Signaling overview of plant somatic embryogenesis Histological analysis of direct somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) 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Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14718116 (2025) Download references This work was supported by the City of Zagreb the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2016-06-5924 and the European Regional Development Fund (KK.01.1.1.01.0009 DATACROSS) to T.D.-L These authors contributed equally: Sara Koska Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing collected the plant material and performed wet lab experiments prepared the figures and tables for publication All authors read and approved the manuscript The method for induction of somatic embryogenesis in grapevine described in this work is in part covered by the Croatian patent (HRP20190444A2) invented by D.L-L All other authors declare no competing interests Communications Biology thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work Primary Handling Editors: Hanyang Cai and David Favero Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07712-w Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Colleyville and Southlake areas saw a rise in the number of homes sold in March 2025 compared to February The May 3 election will feature two candidates running for Grapevine City Council Colby joined Community Impact in July 2022 He covers transportation and real estate for the Dallas-Fort Worth metro he worked for student newspapers at Del Mar College and The University of Texas at Arlington while attending school UC Berkeley researchers used bacterial DNA from a 120-year-old herbarium specimen to reconstruct the history of Pierce’s disease in California A century-old grapevine cutting is providing new clues into the history of a deadly plant pathogen that is decimating crops across the globe In a new study, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and the French agricultural research organization CIRAD identified a 120-year old grapevine cutting in the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity that still contained traces of X By comparing the genome of this century-old X fastidiosa strain with the genomes of more than 330 contemporary strains the team was able to reconstruct the history of how the pathogen first arrived in California and later spread throughout the state.  “Having a better estimate of what happened historically is vital for understanding the very complex, pathogen-riddled world around us right now,” said study co-first author Alexandra Kahn, a postdoctoral scholar at UC Berkeley. The study was published online today (Dec fastidiosa was first introduced to California in the 1880s or slightly before when many species of grapes were brought to the state from the east to establish vineyards local newspapers such as the Pacific Rural Press started reporting a mysterious new disease that was affecting “a large number of vineyards” in Anaheim and the Santa Ana Valley.  the genomic data suggests that the pathogen actually arrived in the U.S The data further suggests that the disease in California arose from not one but at least three separate introductions of the pathogen.  “Even though this occurred over 250 years ago, it’s still relevant to understanding the global spread of plant pathogens today,” said Monica Donegan a graduate student at UC Berkeley and co-first author of the study “We found that the simplest assumptions about the routes and timing of pathogen introduction may be deceiving which can impact things like international trade policies and quarantines for plant pathogens.” The fact that there were likely three separate introductions of X genetically distinct pathogen populations of the pathogen may exist in California these populations may all cause similar symptoms but respond differently to stressors like climate change.  “These biological differences, even if they’re small, can be meaningful when it comes to disease management,” said study senior author Rodrigo Almeida the Professor and Hildebrand-Laumeister Chair in Plant Pathology at UC Berkeley.  The grapevine cutting was collected by an individual named Alfred Tournier on Aug but still cling to a few barren or “matchstick” petioles the scientific term used for the stalks that connect leaves to the stem of a plant but did not find any that tested positive.  fastidiosa is not necessarily a prime candidate for an herbarium collection so we were very lucky to find even one infected sample,” said Donegan Study co-authors Nathalie Becker and Adrien Rieux led the painstaking work of isolating the old and degraded X the researchers then used bioinformatics software to compare the genes from the century-old X This analysis provided an estimate of how quickly the pathogen’s DNA mutates over time allowed them to estimate the timing of key moments in the bacteria’s evolutionary tree.  “The sample allowed us to calibrate the mutation rate of the pathogen as it evolved in California over the last hundred years,” Kahn said “Once we had established this relationship between evolutionary time and absolute time we could reconstruct the chronological history of the disease outbreak.” In recent decades, X. fastidiosa has spread from the U.S. and Latin America to other countries, including Portugal Knowing the evolutionary rate of the pathogen can also help researchers estimate the timing of these introductions and prevent further spread “It was only recently that people realized they could use these historic herbarium specimens to study plant pathogens,” Almeida said “I think this highlights the value of herbarium collections for research There’s a lot of pressure on these collections because we can’t support them adequately and you never know how we may benefit from them in the future.”  Additional authors include Andreina Castillo Siri of UC Berkeley; Paola Campos of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS); Karine Boyer of CIRAD; and Martial Briand of the French National Institute for Agriculture This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche Metrics details Diversified reproductive systems can be observed in the plant kingdom and applied in crop breeding; however their impacts on crop genomic variation and breeding remain unclear underwent a shift from dioecism to monoecism during domestication and involves crossing and clonal propagation for its cultivation dramatically impact genomic landscapes and grapevine breeding based on comparative genomic and population genetics of wild grapevine and a complex pedigree of Pinot Noir which show interesting patterns of genomic purging and the Hill-Robertson interference resulting in a “double U-shaped” site frequency spectrum (SFS) Crossing and cloning conceal while selfing purges most deleterious and structural burdens the close leakage of large-effect deleterious and structural variations in repulsion phases maintains heterozygous genomic regions in 4.3% of the grapevine genome after successive selfing for nine generations Our study provides new insights into the genetic basis of clonal propagation and genomic breeding of clonal crops by purging deleterious variants while integrating beneficial variants through various reproductive systems we construct a haplotype-resolved chromosomal genome of PN and characterize the haplotypic diversity present within it including significant structural variations and gene families unique to each haplotype we examine both somatic and fixed variants within the PN population to enhance our understanding of the cultivar’s development Our analysis of various grapevine germplasm samples indicates that reproductive types have a substantial impact on genomic landscapes and grapevine breeding practices These effects differ in terms of genome heterozygosity as well as deleterious and structural burdens We find that selfing significantly purges heterozygous deleterious SNPs (dSNPs) and structural variants (by 62% and 65% The close linkage of large-effect deleterious and structural variations in repulsion phases maintains 4.3% of the genomic regions in a heterozygous state even after successive selfing Our study explores the evolutionary genomics underlying the transitions of reproductive systems in forming grapevine lineages which sheds insights on genomic breeding of grapevine A Collinearity between the reference genome PN40024_T2T and the two haplotypes of Pinot Noir: haplotype 1 (PN1) and haplotype 2 (PN2) Collinear regions are indicated by gray lines B Presence and absence of gene families in the PN and PN40024_T2T genomes The absence of a gene family in a genome is indicated by gray coloring The red gradients represent gene abundance within each gene family when present in the genome C Shared and unique gene families among each genome assembly The numbers in parentheses indicate the total number of genes identified within each assembly The results indicated that ME and EU were mainly grouped into two separate clades suggesting an introgression from EU in certain wine grapevines in this region A A Venn diagram depicting the overlap of SNPs and SVs among the EU The number of SVs is indicated in parentheses B Frequency of allelic variants in clonal Pinot Noir The red segments represent the 70,291 SNPs specific to PN while the gray segments indicate the 2,227,889 SNPs shared between PN and wild grapes C The distribution of PN-specific SNPs and SVs among individuals The bar chart displayed inside shows the average heterozygosity of germline variants (SNPs D GO term enrichment analysis of genes associated with PN-specific SVs E A comparison of the genomes of PN and PN40024 focusing on the SVs present in PN but absent in wild grapes (EU and ME) The arrows on the genomes indicate the direction and location of genes belonging to the S-locus family in these regions A Phylogenetic tree with admixture analysis B Pedigree relationships among populations C Genetic burden of dSNPs shared within each group All data are presented as mean ± SD for each group with individual data points represented by dots The two-sided Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used for statistical analysis to compare each group; groups sharing the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05) D Genetic burden of SVs shared within each group with dots indicating individual data points The two-sided Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used for statistical analysis to compare each group; groups with the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05) E Distribution of conserved SNPs with different genotype combinations among cultivars The dashed black box highlights the variants that remain heterozygous across all grape populations A Distribution of PN- or SG-specific markers on HE and PN40024 across chromosome 1 and chromosome 7 B Genotypes of conserved sites in each cultivar on chromosome 7 C Density of heterozygous dSNPs in HE and PN40024 on chromosome 2 D Frequency spectrum of GERP values in heterozygous blocks compared to regions outside of these blocks E Distribution of dSNPs and dSNPs originating from PN or SG based on the specific markers within the heterozygous block on chromosome 2 of PN40024 The size of the circles represents GERP scores F Genotypes of conserved sites in the SDR region G The 67 heterozygous sites in PN40024 that do not exhibit both 0/0 and 1/1 genotypes simultaneously in other grape varieties I Distribution of the 55 SNPs across two genes J Comparison between PN40024 and Pinot Noir assemblies around the VviVI2 gene We observed that the average read depth in the heterozygous block of chromosome 16 (coverage: 12,992,557–13,599,104) is 2.13 times higher than that outside this block likely due to erroneous assembly or structural disparities with the reference genome this block was excluded from subsequent analysis The remaining five blocks account for ~4.3% of the genome and contain ~93% of the hSNPs and ~90% of the SVs in the entire genome due to the low recombination rate in these heterozygous regions and large-effect dSNPs in repulsion phases leading to the retention of heterozygosity in these blocks located on the H2 haplotype likely maintained the SDR region in a heterozygous state on chromosome 2 we integrated comparative genomic and population genetic analyses to investigate the impacts of different reproductive systems on grapevine genomes and breeding We collected grapevine lineages that represent different reproductive systems from the wild ancestors of domesticated grapes to a diverse collection of accessions related to PN The results revealed the effects of different reproductive systems on population genetic characteristics and the structural and deleterious burdens The clonal propagation dramatically masked the harmful effects of recessive deleterious variants in heterozygous states while selfing purged most of the deleterious and structural burdens These discoveries underscore the genetic basis of reproductive systems enhance our understanding of complex evolutionary genomic processes and provide a theoretical guideline for future grapevine genomic breeding by combining beneficial variations of agronomic and resistant traits while purging deleterious variations which is probably related to the switch to self-fertility in domesticated grapes The highly heterozygous fixed mutations highlight the advantageous role of clonal reproduction in fixation of vigorous phenotypes and genotypes during the cultivation of grapes like PN Our study illuminates the diverse impacts of different breeding methodologies and dSNP and SV burdens in the grapevine genome breeders can make informed decisions regarding the selection of breeding methods and combinations to strategically pursue their specific breeding objectives Fresh and healthy leaf tissue from plants of Vitis vinifera cultivar “PN” clone AGIS_01 was collected from the grapevine germplasm collection at the Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen These materials were packaged for PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing and subsequently submitted to the company for genomic DNA extraction and library preparation Isolation of high-molecular-weight genomic DNAs using the DNeasy Plant Mini kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For PacBio HiFi sequencing, single-molecule real-time cells were sequenced on the PacBio Sequel II platform using Circular Consensus Sequencing (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/ccs) with default parameters samples were digested with the restriction enzyme DpnII and constructed following a standard Hi-C protocol as described previously These Hi-C libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform or without any evidence to support them were filtered out all results were checked with a hidden Markov model downloaded from the Pfam database to obtain the final gene model The results were compared with TE annotation and TRF using IGV to identify the centromeres MUMmer (v.4.0) was used to compare the genome with the reference genome PN40024_T2T using whole-genome alignments102 we aligned the two genome sequences using Nucmer and then filtered one-to-one alignments with a minimum alignment length of 10,000 bp (delta-filter -i 95 -l 10000) comparing their protein-coding gene sequences the genes that similar to each other and distinct from genes in other groups were clustered together based on the sequence similarity If no gene was identified in a gene family for a specific genome this gene family was counted as absent in that genome The gene abundance in one gene family on one genome was calculated by dividing the number of the genes in this gene family on that genome by the maximum number of the genes in this gene family among the three genomes which is based on the Haplotype Caller of GATK was used for SNP calling across all samples To reduce false positives, filtering was conducted using VCFtools (v0.1.16)106 We removed genotypes with a genotype quality <20 (option -minGQ 20) SNPs with more than two alleles were excluded (options -min-alleles 2 --max-alleles 2) as well as SNPs with more than 20% missing genotypes (option -max-missing 0.8) The Nucleotide diversity (π) value for each sample was calculated using VCFtools with a 100 kb window size. Sequence similarity (Dxy) and f-statistic (fd) were calculated using the Python script: popgenWindows.py (https://github.com/simonhmartin/genomics_general) with every 50 kb nonoverlapping windows ME were used as the sister population to PN and the gene flow between EU and PN grapes was evaluated The heterozygous sites were counted using VCFtools The number of heterozygous sites in each sample was divided by the total number of SNPs to calculate the heterozygosity of each sample These statistics were evaluated within or between all six groups (EU The heterozygosity was calculated by dividing the number of heterozygous sites in each sample by the total number of SNPs PBScan (https://github.com/thamala/PBScan) was used for PBS analysis26 The analysis was conducted every 50 SNPs with a step size of 50 SNPs based on sequence similarity (Dxy) we used the genome and annotation files of PN40024_T2T The GFX3 format was converted to the Ensemble GTF format The generated database was then used to annotate the flipped SNPs and any nonsynonymous position with a SIFT score of less than 0.05 was considered putatively deleterious we ran the script using the reversed VCF file combining the reference genome to extract the sequence file of the ancestral genotype state (anc.fa) We then used the -doSaf 1 parameter to generate.saf (site allele frequency likelihood) the realSFS command was used to generate the site spectrum result file.sfs text format we used “AnnotationForge” package in R to build “OrgDb” for gene to GO mapping the genes were ordered according to their PBS values and the “gseGO” function of clusterProfiler was used for these genes with parameters: pAdjustMethod = “BH” “enrichGO” function of clusterProfiler were used for candidate genes with the parameters: pAdjustMethod = “BH” The heterozygous blocks were detected by following the methods: if the distance between two hSNPs was less than 150,000 bp the two SNPs were counted as continuous variation sites; if the span of the continuous variation sites was more than 500,000 bp this region was counted as heterozygous blocks For analysis of different genotype combinations among cultivars which were consistent in each cultivar group The combination categories with site numbers less than 30 were not included For the distribution analysis of SNPs on genes 2 kb upstream or downstream of the genes were counted as promotors or terminators The density of heterozygous SVs and dSNPs was calculated in every 200 kb non-overlapping window To select the specific marker belonging to PN or SG we used the following criteria: the variants must exist in only one grapevine cultivar with the frequency greater than 50% and must not be observed in all individuals of another grapevine cultivar which were used to construct the phylogenetic tree using IQ-TREE Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article Heterosis and hybrid crop breeding: a multidisciplinary review gene trees and selfing: an ancestral recombination graph with partial self-fertilization The genome-wide dynamics of purging during selfing in maize From forest to field: perennial fruit crop domestication Somatic genetic drift and multilevel selection in a clonal seagrass Differences in gene expression within a striking phenotypic mosaic Eucalyptus tree that varies in susceptibility to herbivory Somatic mutations and genome stability maintenance in clonal coral colonies The far-reaching contributions of bud sport mutants to horticulture and plant biology Ally, D., Ritland, K. & Otto, S. 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Ultrafast one‐pass FASTQ data preprocessing, quality control, and deduplication using fastp. iMeta 2, https://doi.org/10.1002/imt2.107 (2023) Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform The sequence alignment/map format and SAM tools A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data Fast two-stage phasing of large-scale sequence data IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals ANGSD: analysis of next generation sequencing data DELLY: structural variant discovery by integrated paired-end and split-read analysis BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features Sensitive protein alignments at tree-of-life scale using DIAMOND Identifying a high fraction of the human genome to be under selective constraint using GERP++ Download references We thank all members in the Zhou lab for their useful discussion on the project We thank Becky Gaut for the PN grape sequencing This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No the Science Fund Program for Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Overseas) to Y.Z. the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No and National Science Foundation (USA) grant #1741627 to B.S.G These authors contributed equally: Hua Xiao National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station China Resources Research Institute of Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences The authors declare no competing interests Nature Communications thanks Crispin Jordan and the other reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56817-7 The Vidorra location will be at the empty Hoffbrau Steak & Grill House off SH 114 in Grapevine Jewelers will open its sixth Texas location in Grapevine Towne Center (KBAK/KBFX) — UPDATE (12:20 P.M.): CHP said the roadway is cleared UPDATE (11:15 A.M.): CHP will be escorting traffic for both southbound and northbound lanes through the Grapevine CHP ask travelers to be patient as CHP and Caltrans continue to make the roads safe The California Highway Patrol Ft Tejon announced north and southbound I-5 is closed CHP said this is due to road conditions becoming hazardous The snow level is currently right around 4,000 feet but could drop even further this evening and overnight when colder air moves in The National Weather Service has issued a Winter Weather Advisory until 4 PM Monday No information has been provided on how long it will remain closed. CHP advised drivers to use an alternate route Metrics details Grapevine breeding is hindered by a limited understanding of the genetic basis of complex agronomic traits This study constructs a graph-based pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.0) from 18 newly generated phased telomere-to-telomere assemblies and 11 published assemblies we build a variation map with 9,105,787 short variations and 236,449 structural variations (SVs) from the resequencing data of 466 grapevine cultivars Integrating SVs into a genome-wide association study we map 148 quantitative trait loci for 29 agronomic traits (50.7% newly identified) with 12 traits significantly contributed by SVs The estimated heritability improves by 22.78% on average when including SVs We discovered quantitative trait locus regions under divergent artificial selection in metabolism and berry development between wine and table grapes significant genetic correlations were detected among the 29 traits we conducted genomic predictions for each trait our study facilitates the breeding of superior cultivars via the genomic selection of multiple traits but the quantitative genetic basis of complex agronomic traits in grapevine has rarely been investigated at the genome scale Here we assembled 18 haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies representing eight diploid grapevine cultivars and one diploid wild grape We then constructed a graph-based pangenome using these new assemblies and 11 previously published chromosomal assemblies These genotypes represent the global genetic diversity of grapes we built a variation map that includes SNPs indels (2 bp ≤ indel < 50 bp) and SVs (≥50 bp) across a larger sample of 466 accessions We utilized this variation map in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and the genomic prediction of 29 complex agronomic traits This exercise identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these agronomic traits provided unique insights into the contribution of SVs to quantitative genetic variation and demonstrated the feasibility of breeding superior cultivars via genomic selection for multiple traits QTLs and our genomic selection models facilitate genomic breeding of grapevine NGx plot showing the assembly continuity of the 18 newly assembled haplotypes compared with the published PNT2T assembly Two haplotypes (haplotype 1 and haplotype 2) of the same individual are distinguished Assessment of the assembly for nine sequenced grape accessions (BMNG The quality values demonstrate the base-level accuracy of each sample The phasing accuracy is indicated by the percentages of switch errors and hamming errors Comparative genomics of 27 (published genomes only selected the primary haplotype) assemblies and one assembly of Muscadinia rotundifolia as outgroup for chromosome 1 Total length of MC pangenome sequences with different numbers of haplotypes; M represents megabase pairs and G represents gigabase pairs Validation of pangenome deletions and insertions involved counting SVs of varying lengths and calculating the accuracy PCA of the first two components of the 466 sequenced grape accessions Different grape groups are distinguished by different colors The samples used to construct Grapepan v.1.0 represent a wide range of genetic diversity The decay of LD was calculated based on three different datasets: SVs The high concordance between TEs and SVs indicates that the former play a critical role in driving genetic variation events To expand the genome-wide SV map, we integrated short-read sequencing data from 466 accessions, including 324 that were newly sequenced (Supplementary Tables 6 and 7) The genotypes of pangenome-based SVs in these accessions were characterized providing a more thorough understanding of SV frequencies across a diverse set of accessions the variation map contained 8,591,818 SNPs Schematic diagram of agronomic traits of grape fruits investigated PCA map showing the relationships among all agronomic traits The distance between variables and the origin measures the quality (index by cos2 value) of the variables UMAP plot (base map) generated from 29 trait scores for three grape populations Scores were scaled and centered (Z-score) across all individuals for each trait independently The points indicate individual grapes and are colored by different populations UMAP plots from content of Suc and BV traits were generated by mapping these scores to the UMAP base map Box plot of mean pairwise phenotypic distances within the population (identity) inner fence within 1.5× box height; circles outliers within 1.5× box height; asterisks Statistical significance was determined by two-sided Student’s t-tests uniformity of time of physiological stage of full maturity of the berry; WPB Integrated GWAS map for 29 grape agronomic traits The ordinate represents the PVE of the trait SN6 (c) and Suc1 (d) GWAS loci and their populational frequencies Gene models with coding regions and transcription direction The corresponding deletions and insertions are highlighted Proportions of different genotypes in three populations The GWAS results and linkage for SSC7 (e) and BeWi9 (f) loci Statistical significance was determined by generalized least squares F-test The nucleotide diversity (π) and FST around this candidate region The vertical dashed lines indicate the combined GWAS loci of BeWi or SSC traits Proportions of different genotypes at significant SNP sites in BeWi (nGT0/0 = 272 nGT0/0 and nGT0/1 refer to the counts of different genotypes at significant SNP sites Gene annotation in candidate region (upper) and expression level (transcripts per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads) of genes in the candidate region in different grape cultivars (lower) Vitvi031750 of the NEPS family and Vitvi031760 of the NRT1 family had significantly high expression in four grapevine cultivars of both haplotypes whereas the expression of Vitvi031756 in two Wine grapes (Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon) was higher than Table1 grapes (Fujiminori and Venus Seedless) Selection of the XP-EHH genomic scan for the Table1 versus Table2 (a) and Wine versus Table1 (b) Arrows indicate the highly correlated loci associated with the agronomic traits analyzed by GWAS GSEA analyzes genes ranked in divergent regions of the genome and included two comparisons Table1 versus Table2 (c) and Wine versus Table1 (d) The vertical dashed lines indicate the leading-edge subset and the max rank of the enriched gene our analysis suggests that divergent selection on agronomic traits is associated with different breeding targets The heritability of 29 traits contributed by genomic SVs and SNPs The contributions from SNP and SV were distinguished The genotypes of the gene Vitvi011368 and SSC in each group schematic diagram of a deletion in the region including the gene Vitvi011368 SSC2 values in each group with different genotypes (center line Statistical significance was determined using two-sided Student’s t-tests GWAS result and LD analysis of the BL2 locus Differences in BL between populations and genotypes were estimated (center line Linear regression analysis for phenotype prediction between SSC2 values and values predicted by LDpred2-auto The confidence interval (CI) is shown by gray shading The smoothed line represents a linear regression fit of the actual data Linear regression analysis for phenotype prediction between BL values and predicted values by lassoum2 The significance of the linear relationship between variables was evaluated through Pearson correlation coefficients our analyses enable substantial prediction of agronomic traits in the grape breeding program Advances in grapevine breeding lag far behind those made in annual cereal crops because of their long generation times (~3 years on average) high deleterious burden that leads to inbreeding and/or hybrid depression inefficient genetic transformations and limited knowledge about the genetic basis of complex agronomic traits limitations inherent in detecting variations within a single reference genome hinder the identification of crucial variants associated with breeding traits and a comprehensive analysis of agronomic trait inheritance our grape pangenome places greater emphasis on uncovering traits associated with SVs and revealing their inheritance patterns we found strong genetic correlations among the 29 grape agronomic traits investigated which allowed us to predict multiple traits during the same breeding cycle and decrease the time and monetary costs of breeding SV-based genomic selection will play an excellent role in programs integrating multiple breeding traits and the genomic prediction will greatly facilitate grapevine genomic breeding These 18 grape accessions were utilized for core and/or variable gene family analysis and 29 corresponding haplotypes were used to construct the graph pangenome These statistics were combined to annotate the centromeric repeats The resulting statistical summaries were used for identifying the core and nonessential gene family sets We combined reads mapping and assembled alignments to validate the graph paths To address the issue of small fragments in assemblies we implemented filtering steps to exclude minor fragmented and diverse assemblies that could introduce the wrong structures We then executed the PanGenie command on each accession and combined these VCF (variant call format) files to generate a merged SV map We then distinguished biallelic and multiallelic variants The resulting biallelic bubble-based VCF was used for downstream GWAS analysis whereas the multiallelic bubble-based VCF was used for haplotype graph classification we ran the cross-validation error procedure with K from 2 to 8 Two-dimensional PHATE embedding was generated using the first 20 principal components in the program phateR (v.1.0.7) Our 29 phenotypic traits included five phenotypic categories: six traits in bunch category (bunch shape weight of a single bunch and ease of detachment from pedicel) eight traits in berry traits category (firmness of flesh uniformity of time of physiological stage of full maturity of the berry and berry color) BV and BeWe) and three traits in berry skin category (astringence of skin We used Scatterplot Matrix to plot the correlations between each two pairs of traits and highlight the significant differences For two consecutive growing seasons of phenotype data we conducted independent GWAS analysis and created a joint dataset by combining the GWAS results from both years We have constructed a pangenome dataset encompassing SNPs and SVs we independently conducted GWAS analyses: reference-based SNPs pangenome-based SNPs and pangenome-based SNPs + SVs PermGWAS (v.2023.05) was used to perform GWAS analysis of agronomic traits we implemented a mixed linear model approach to estimate heritability for each trait The top five principal components have been shown to effectively capture population structure To reduce the influence of overfit structure we considered both fixed effects (using four PCA components to capture population structure) and random effects (using a kinship matrix to model individual covariance) we use permutation analysis to verify the result of each GWAS The minimal P value from each permutation was used to calculate a permutation-based threshold using the maxT/minP multiple testing procedure is the standard error of the effect size of genetic variants beta is the effect size of genetic variants and MAF is the minor allele frequency of the target marker Consider the heritability model of the form: where wj is the weighting for each SNP or SV (j), fj is its MAF and tau are the corresponding coefficients and are estimated from the SNP or SV. The parameter alpha determines how the expected heritability contributed by a variant depends on its MAF (https://dougspeed.com/technical-details/) Our approach involves filtering out genotyping error and nearly linked mutation sites followed by utilization of the LDAK-Thin model we inferred G_h2SNP and G_h2SV based on a kinship matrix generated by pangenome SNPs or SVs Because LDAK cannot directly estimate alpha we adopt an alternative strategy involving a trial of multiple alpha values by comparing the highest log likelihood and identified value estimates from the Gaussian distribution To reduce the overfitting issues arising from excessive variable numbers we initially clustered all genomic variations We then partitioned the dataset into three subsets: a training dataset comprising 70% a tuning dataset consisting of 20% and a test dataset constituting 10% We used the training dataset to generate final summary statistics Details on all statistical analyses used in this paper the number of replicates and precision measures are indicated in the corresponding figure legends Statistical analysis of replicate data was performed using appropriate strategies in R (v.8.4.3) Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape Early neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus The genomes of 204 Vitis vinifera accessions reveal the origin of European wine grapes Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution Genomic evidence supports an independent history of Levantine and Eurasian grapevines A graph-based genome and pan-genome variation of the model plant Setaria Pan-genome analysis highlights the extent of genomic variation in cultivated and wild rice Major impacts of widespread structural variation on gene expression and crop improvement in tomato Graph pangenome captures missing heritability and empowers tomato breeding Gene mining and genomics-assisted breeding empowered by the pangenome of tea plant Camellia sinensis Evolutionary genomics of structural variation in Asian rice (Oryza sativa) domestication Combined analysis of transposable elements and structural variation in maize genomes reveals genome contraction outpaces expansion The super-pangenome of Populus unveil genomic facets for its adaptation and diversification in widespread forest trees Diploid genome assembly of the Malbec grapevine cultivar enables haplotype-aware analysis of transcriptomic differences underlying clonal phenotypic variation Super-pangenome analyses highlight genomic diversity and structural variation across wild and cultivated tomato species Genome evolution and diversity of wild and cultivated potatoes The pan-genome and local adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana Dense and accurate whole-chromosome haplotyping of individual genomes Patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity in wine and table grapes A genome-wide association and prediction study in grapevine deciphers the genetic architecture of multiple traits and identifies genes under many new QTLs Genome-wide association study of berry-related traits in grape [Vitis vinifera L.] based on genotyping-by-sequencing markers Genome-wide association study of the candidate genes for grape berry shape-related traits Manipulation of VviAGL11 expression changes the seed content in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses Across-population genomic prediction in grapevine opens up promising prospects for breeding Berry texture QTL and candidate gene analysis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genetic and transcriptional evidence for a role of VvAGL11 in stenospermocarpic seedlessness in grapevine Using a limited mapping strategy to identify major QTLs for resistance to grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and their use in marker-assisted breeding Inter-varietal structural variation in grapevine genomes Pangenome-based genome inference allows efficient and accurate genotyping across a wide spectrum of variant classes Whole genome comparison between table and wine grapes reveals a comprehensive catalog of structural variants ‘Nebbiolo’ genome assembly allows surveying the occurrence and functional implications of genomic structural variations in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) Linkage disequilibrium–understanding the evolutionary past and mapping the medical future Connecting genome structural variation with complex traits in crop plants Genomic and genetic analysis of Myb-related genes that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry skin Zhong, H. et al. Haplotype-resolved assemblies provide insights into genomic makeup of the oldest grapevine cultivar (Munage) in Xinjiang. 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Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13308856 (2024) Download references We thank members of the Zhou lab at AGIS and Z Zhang from Washington State University for discussion and comments on the project This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant no the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Overseas) to Y.Z and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (RAPD) These authors contributed equally: Zhongjie Liu State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents participated in the material preparation and phenotype investigation constructed graph pangenome and detected genetic variations contributed to the heritability estimation and association study revised the paper with contributions from H All of the authors read and approved the paper Nature Genetics thanks Roberto Bacilieri and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01967-5 Grapevine-Colleyville ISD announced Friday the hiring of East Texas Baptist University offensive coordinator Ryan Smith as the new head football coach at Grapevine High School who retired following the conclusion of the 2024 season Smith brings experience at both the college and high school levels and is recognized as an innovative offensive mind He plans to transition Grapevine back to a spread offense after the team ran the flexbone in 2024 Before his one season as offensive coordinator at ETBU Smith served as offensive coordinator at Midlothian Heritage during the 2022 season He is perhaps best known for a four-year stint as head coach at NAIA Southwestern Assemblies of God University (now Nelson University) from 2018 to 2021 Smith led SAGU to its first-ever back-to-back winning seasons in 2020 and 2021 His 2021 offense averaged over 40 points per game Smith also has head coaching experience at the high school level to a 13-9 overall record during the 2016 and 2017 seasons he has worked as an assistant coach in Texas at Palmer and Irving Nimitz and at three high schools in Mississippi Smith faces a rebuilding challenge at Grapevine as the Mustangs are coming off a 0-10 season The team competes in one of the state’s toughest districts We've been the Bible of Texas football fans for 64 years By joining the DCTF family you'll gain access to all of our exclusive content and have our magazines mailed to you The Chimi Chimi Burger is one of Bohemian Bull's "Boho Burgers" and features chimichuri sauce Assessment of 2025 dormant season grapevine cold hardiness focusing on varietal differences in cold tolerance and implications for vineyard management The findings provide insights to enhance vineyard sustainability amidst challenging winter conditions Grapevine cold hardiness is vital for vineyard sustainability, especially in regions like Michigan that experience severe winter temperatures. Building upon our previous work, “Understanding Grapevine Cold Hardiness: Mechanisms, Management, and 2024-2025 Field Observations,” this article presents the latest findings from February 2025 we conducted extensive field assessments to determine the lethal temperature at which 50% of primary buds are killed (LT50) across various grapevine varieties The data collected in February 2025 are summarized below: Note: Negative LT50 values indicate sub-freezing temperatures at which 50% of primary buds are killed Under normal growing conditions—where vines experience minimal stress from pests or undercropping—we have not observed significant cold injury in Michigan wine grape varieties a healthy grapevine canopy must remain intact through the end of the growing season to support optimal cold hardiness if one or more of these stress factors were present during the past growing season grapevines may have sustained some level of cold injury growers are encouraged to take the following steps: growers can mitigate the effects of cold damage and optimize vine performance in future growing seasons To aid growers in adjusting their pruning practices based on bud mortality levels Leave more buds and prune to four to five bud spurs Minimal or no dormant pruning; focus on reestablishing vine structure the focus should shift towards reestablishing the fruit-bearing zone to ensure balanced vine growth during spring and summer Severely damaged vines are likely to generate new shoot growth from base buds increasing shoots per vine and overall leaf area Pruning efforts should prioritize damaged cordons and trunks to restore vine structure In cases where trunks have sustained severe injury from the vine base is crucial to promote leaf area recovery and proper trellis development Recent observations indicate that the East Grand Traverse Bay did freeze in mid-February 2025 the West Grand Traverse Bay did not fully freeze out to Power Island this freeze event has been monitored by organizations such as the Chamber of Commerce and the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay to understand long-term freezing trends The frequency of complete freezing provides an indication of how much lake effect moderation is lost in any given winter Lake Michigan's overall ice cover data—recorded since 1972—offers a broad perspective on freezing trends While there is some correlation between this lakewide data and conditions in Grand Traverse Bay smaller subsets of the bay may show different localized trends The reduced lake effect due to partial or minimal ice coverage could have significant implications for vineyard cold exposure emphasizing the need for growers to stay informed and implement adaptive management practices Understanding the major effect of ice on the Great Lakes is crucial because it impacts a range of societal benefits provided by the lakes from hydropower generation to commercial shipping to the wine industry The amount of ice cover varies from year to year as well as how long it remains on the lakes The Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) has been exploring the relationships between ice cover and regional climate for over 30 years through development and analysis of historical model simulations and observations NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) monitors long-term ice cover changes due to global warming and studies their effects on climate patterns temperature structures and spring plankton blooms initiated by the Canadian Ice Service in 1973 and enhanced by the U.S GLERL's CoastWatch program offers near real-time and retrospective satellite observations and in-situ Great Lakes data to support environmental science and decision-making these data sources can provide valuable insights into changing climatic conditions and help predict potential cold damage due to reduced lake effect protection By staying informed and utilizing available resources growers can implement more effective adaptive strategies to mitigate risks associated with fluctuating ice cover and its impact on vineyard sustainability Understanding the cold hardiness profiles of different grapevine varieties is essential for making informed decisions regarding vineyard practices: By integrating these insights into vineyard management plans growers can mitigate the risks associated with winter temperatures and promote the sustainability of their grape production For more detailed information on grapevine cold hardiness and management practices, refer to our previous article: “Understanding Grapevine Cold Hardiness: Mechanisms, Management, and 2024-2025 Field Observations.”  A coming soon sign is posted on Northwest Highway for Southwest Tackle Sales which will be relocating to Grapevine after more than 40 years in business in Dallas Kern County residents and travelers going to and from the Grapevine were on Winter watch as the first blizzard rolled in Eyewitness News went to the Grapevine Sunday afternoon to see how the conditions were Travelers made a pit stop in Gorman to play in the snow "We did not know it was going to be snowing today,” said San Francisco resident Milca Mejia and her family were coming back from LA heading back home to San Francisco but couldn't help to stop by to see the snow we just wanted to enjoy the time in the snow because we have a couple people with me that had to see snow,” said Mejia but it's fun just playing and tossing around in the snow." The Gutierrez family was also driving through the Grapevine back home to Salinas and they just had to witness this since it doesn't snow there "I think it's super amazing,” said Laritza Gutierrez “We don't have snow like this in Salinas the fact that I get to see this just coming back we just have to stop by and just take a look at the snow." playing in the snow was a small distraction from what is going on back in Altadena after her house burned down a different sighting from the last three weeks that I've seen,” said Kierra “Just from seeing what looks like a freaking war zone in Altadena it's a little tiny joy that I feel right in the moment you know just being able to kick around the snowball Kierra says that she was only staying in Bakersfield for a few hours before having to turn back around to go back to LA “I don't think we'll be coming back tonight,” said Kierra Eyewitness News will continue to track and update the storm watch here on our website or on our news app will be part of the inventory survey done by BerryDunn for the Grapevine Parks and Recreation Department Fashion Q closed its location in Grapevine Mills on Feb Store closing sales are going on at Forever 21 inside Grapevine Mills Grapevine City Council members greenlit selling seven cabins after hearing a presentation from the city's Parks and Recreation Department during a Feb Mai Sushi has opened a kiosk inside Walmart in Grapevine to provide fresh meals Grapevine Mayor Pro Tem Darlene Freed speaks during the April 1 city council meeting