Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park has its own dramatic cliffs
Lydia Mansel is a writer with more than eight years of experience editing and writing for both brands and online publications—with a particular focus on travel
She’s also the founder of the travel site justpacked.com
Many travelers want to find dupes of the most famous parks that offer similar attributes with fewer crowds
especially this summer due to recent layoffs and hiring freezes at the National Parks Service
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park is a good dupe for the Grand Canyon
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leaving behind cherished memories and a legacy that will be remembered by all who knew him
Scott led a life rich with passion and dedication
He grew up and worked on the family farm with his brother
sister and father where he learned the importance of hard work
He graduated from Gunnison Valley High School
worked many years at Satterwhite and also a career as a truck driver
His work not only defined a significant part of his life but also reflected his commitment to providing for his family
Scott's vibrant personality shone through in all that he did
His adventurous spirit continued into adulthood; he enjoyed water skiing
His love for the outdoors was matched only by his passion for riding motorcycles and hiking
he attained this distinguished honor alongside his brother Jeremy
marking a significant achievement in his youth
having belonged to a band during his twenties
He was known for his kind and gentle nature
who were drawn to him and adored him in return
He was born to Hal Standley and RaDene Anderson Pickett and is survived by his beloved family
Scott was married to Tiffany Maughn on August 20
a union that ended with her passing on July 15
He later married Jenny Roberts in December 2016
adding a new chapter to his life that brought him joy
and adventurous spirit will be missed by many
but his legacy of love and laughter will remain etched in the hearts of those fortunate enough to have known him
2025 at 11:00 am in the Centerfield Ward Chapel
2025 from 6:00 - 7:00 pm and prior to services on Thursday from 9:30 - 10:30 am at the church
Interment will be in the Gunnison Cemetery
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Occurrence values are defined below. One or more Occurrence Tags may be associated with each Occurrence value
Probably Present: High confidence species occurs in park but current
Unconfirmed: Species is attributed to park but evidence is weak or absent
Not In Park: Species is not known to occur in park
Occurrence Tags
Adjacent: Species is known to occur in areas near to or contiguous with park boundaries
False Report: Species was reported to occur within the park
but current evidence indicates the report was based on misidentification
or other similar problem of error or interpretation
Historical: Species' historical occurrence in park is documented
Assigned based on judgment as opposed to determination based on age of the most recent evidence
Native: Species naturally occurs in park or region
Non-native: Species occurs on park lands as a result of deliberate or accidental human activities
Unknown: Nativeness status is unknown or ambiguous
The Checklist contains only those species that are designated as "present" or "probably present" in the park
The Full List includes all the checklist species in addition to species that are unconfirmed
or incorrectly reported as being found in the park
The full list also contains species that are "in review" because their status in the park hasn't been fully determined
Additional details about the status of each species is included in the full list
The checklist will almost always contain fewer species than the full list
Species attribute definitions
Visit NPSpecies for more comprehensive information and advanced search capability. Have a suggestion or comment on this list? Let us know
Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) are one of three squirrel species present in the park
Their typical size is 9 to 12 inches (23 to 30 cm)
These squirrels are reddish-tan colored with two lateral white and black stripes along its sides
and woodlands and burrow in rock outcrops or underground
Golden-mantled ground squirrels are omnivores and eat mostly of leaves
Since these squirrels' frequent areas where humans are
visitors should keep food stored properly and not feed any wildlife
Mountain lion (Puma concolor) are the largest predators in Black Canyon
They can also be known as pumas or cougars
Mountain lions can weigh up to 200 pounds (91 kg) and be 8 feet (2.4 m) long
Their fur is a tan-brown color with a white throat
and hind legs make them agile jumpers are lethal hunters
These animals are generally solitary, and males travel alone. They have large seasonal territories that move with migration of prey, such as elk and deer herds. Mountain lion sightings are rare, but visitors should be aware of safety guidelines around them
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are found throughout western North America
They occur in a variety of habitats – from open deserts to mountains to developed urban areas
Mule deer are slightly larger and heavier than white-tailed deer
Adults can weigh up to 100 pounds (females) and 300 pounds (males)
Males (bucks) have antlers used to fight other male competitors during mating season or the “rut.”
mule deer are usually seen along trails in dense brushy areas
Mule deer are particularly active at dawn and dusk
Visitors should drive with caution and pay attention along roadways to avoid collisions with wildlife
Animals live in different habitats from canyon rim to river and require specific lifestyles to be successful
Learn about safely viewing wildlife in the park
Download the NPS app to navigate the parks on the go
Gunnison & Chaffee Counties — The Colorado Department of Transportation will perform week-long culvert replacement operations on US Highway 50 approximately 23 miles east of Gunnison (Mile Points 181 to 182)
motorists will be guided through the work zone by temporary traffic signals
The signals will be in place 24 hours a day and motorists should plan for full stops and up to 20-minute delays during daytime working hours through Friday
CDOT urges motorists to plan ahead and allow for additional travel time on US 50 between Salida and Gunnison
CDOT crews will work as swiftly as possible to complete the culvert replacement however operations are weather dependent
Travelers are urged to “know before you go.” Gather information about weather forecasts and anticipated travel impacts and current road conditions prior to hitting the road
The following tips are to help you stay safe while traveling through maintenance and construction work zones
Contact CDOT
The Central Utah Correctional Facility in Gunnison opened in 1989
The Gunnison prison is split in three housing facilities: Henry
The facility offers a variety of opportunities for inmates
life skills courses and Utah Correctional Industries work programs (Sign Shop
The South Sanpete School District oversees the prison’s high school education program
Snow College offers vocational training programs
Inmates with substance use issues may participate in the HOPE (Help Offenders Parole Effectively) program
The vast majority of employees live in the Six-County region (Juab
with more than half living in Sanpete County
The Elm housing unit consists of six sections
Elm can house a total of 192 inmates (32 inmates per section)
maximum-security unit for “level two” inmates
each capable of housing 32 double-bunked inmates (for a total capacity of 192 offenders)
Inmates have access to programming and educational packets
with one to 4 cells out at a time in each section for safety and security
Inmates have regular access to medical staff
case managers and the Offender Management Review team
They are encouraged to volunteer for work assignments and other activities to demonstrate positive behavior and thus progress to a medium-security unit
Fir is a dormitory-style unit capable of housing up to 288 inmates The unit has six sections
Each section consists of four smaller pods of 12 beds
Gale is a dormitory-style unit capable of housing up to 288 inmates
Inmates here are enrolled in the STRIVE (Success Through Responsibility
STRIVE is a volunteer program which has been shown to increase success in education and productivity
management problems and reduced recidivism
Inmates on the unit typically have a sense of pride in their accomplishments
Hickory is a Restrictive Housing Unit for “level two” inmates
with one cell out at a time in each section for safety and security
Birch and Cedar units contain three housing sections
bringing the total capacity to 192 (or 96 double-bunked cells)
All three housing units house general population inmates
The sections are closely managed by the Offender Management Review team
with regular interviews to address behavior and productivity
This careful management keeps violence and other problems to a minimum
inmates may be eligible to participate in programming
The Offender Management Review team strives to effectively manage this population and keep the housing section relatively quiet
The Dogwood housing unit has seven sections and can house 82 inmates at capacity
camera-equipped cells that allow officers to monitor occupants 24 hours a day
This section has a capacity for up to 10 inmates
The cells are used for anything from inmates who have been issued a temporary restraining order or have been given administrative segregation due to behavior
Inmates may be held here for a night or several nights prior to a Board of Pardons and Parole hearing
being moved to a county jail or being brought from a county jail to the prison for such reasons as medical or dental treatment
Because inmates are here for short-term stays
they do not have the ability to engage in programming or recreation
new to prison or back on a parole violation
who are going through the Receiving & Orientation process
These inmates are closely monitored while they go through this process
Once they are classified they wait in this section for their housing assignments
single bed camera-equipped cells that allow officers to monitor occupants 24 hours a day
The cells are primarily used to house inmates who have demonstrated extreme behavior
This section consists of two single bed camera-equipped cells built with a positive air-flow system
The cells are designed for inmates who have a communicable disease or an infection that may be transmitted through the air
These inmates are monitored by medical staff
When not in use for their designated purpose
the cells may be used to house inmates with behavior problems
The unit is set up as a therapeutic community
where inmates work on a highly structured treatment plan for 12 months or more
The program’s therapeutic design intentionally uses a positive peer culture and environment
morals of “right living” and pro-social core values are reinforced with privileges
The HOPE clinical staff and Fir security staff
serve as role models to the program’s residents
HOPE is aimed at helping inmates live clean
inmates leave the program with tools necessary to avoid re-engaging in problem behaviors
HOPE includes a thorough relapse prevention component that enables recovering addicts to live cautiously
knowing their next relapse could be around the corner
A companion goal in HOPE’s behavior modification program is the recognition and elimination or reduction of criminal thinking and anti-social behavior after a return to the outside community
Inmates who successfully complete the program may be eligible for a sentence time cut from the Utah Board of Pardons and Parole
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— The Bureau of Land Management unveiled resource management plans this week to protect big game and Gunnison sage-grouse habitat in Colorado
conserve public lands and focus energy development in areas with the highest potential for oil and gas resources in the BLM Upper Colorado River District
The Bureau released Records of Decision for the Big Game Resource Management Plan Amendment
the Gunnison Sage-Grouse Resource Management Plan Amendment
and plans for the Grand Junction and Colorado River Valley Field Offices
The finalization of these plans resolves litigation on past planning processes
“The BLM worked tirelessly with local governments
and other stakeholders over the past two years to find an appropriate balance
which is achieved with the completion of these plans,” said BLM Colorado State Director Doug Vilsack
“BLM is at the forefront of wildlife conservation in Colorado by aligning oil and gas management in big game habitat with strong State rules and advancing a separate plan that will limit disturbance in the habitat of the threatened Gunnison sage-grouse.”
BLM also analyzed disturbances from other land uses in considering cumulative impacts. This will help BLM continue to work with the state and other partners to enhance big game conservation while balancing the need for new outdoor recreation and energy development opportunities. More information is available on the BLM National NEPA Register
BLM also amended 11 RMPs in Colorado and Utah to protect Gunnison sage-grouse habitat on more than two million acres of BLM-managed public land and nearly three million acres of public subsurface mineral estate. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated Gunnison sage-grouse as a threatened species in 2014 and approved a final recovery plan in 2020
Protections in BLM’s new plan include a one-mile buffer around Gunnison sage-grouse habitat as well as the designation of a new backcountry conservation area and three new areas of critical environmental concern. Surface disturbance will also be limited on BLM lands in Gunnison sage-grouse habitat. More information on the Gunnison sage-grouse plan can be found at the BLM National NEPA Register
Updates to the Colorado River Valley and Grand Junction Field Office RMPs make approximately 85% of acres with high potential open for future oil and gas leasing, while low and medium potential areas are largely closed to leasing. The plans also add new areas where management will focus on protecting wilderness characteristics. More information on these plans can be found on BLM National NEPA Register
The BLM manages more than 245 million acres of public land located primarily in 12 western states
The BLM also administers 700 million acres of sub-surface mineral estate throughout the nation
and productivity of America’s public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations
An official website of the Department of the Interior
Climate change and the parks
National Parks in Crisis
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park has moved to a cashless operation/NPS file
Your cash is no good at Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park
which is only accepting mobile or electronic payments for entrance
the park staff says transition to electronic payment is safer
Credit and debit sales already represent as much as 95 percent of in-person sales in the park
Cash handling costs include park rangers’ time counting money
most of which is remedied through cashless sales
A legal challenge to the cashless policy nationally was revived last month with an amended complaint that specified the constitutional and statutory issues that the Park Service allegedly violates with the cashless policy
After downloading the app and creating an account
simply scan the QR code at the campground to complete the payment
the park’s cooperating association that runs the park store in the South Rim Visitor Center
Partial proceeds from purchases assist park operations with education and interpretation efforts
the updated filing pointed out that the general counsel for the Internal Revenue Service advised the agency that it must "accept cash for payment citing the very law defendants continue to violate
Plaintiff simply asks this court to uphold it and re-establish plaintiff's right to tender government currency at Hyde Park or any other national park."
Congress created the Legal Tender Statute that "allows the use of Federal Reserve Notes as legal tender for all private charges and public fees
including the entrance fee at NPS locations (including Hyde Park) that don’t accept cash."
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National Parks Traveler was formed in the state of Utah for the purpose of informing and educating about national parks and protected areas
Residents of the following states may obtain a copy of our financial and additional information as stated below:
National Parks Traveler is a 501(c) (3) nonprofit
Here’s the definitive guide to National Park System campgrounds where RVers can park their rigs
Our app is packed with RVing- specific details on more than 250 campgrounds in more than 70 national parks.You’ll also find stories about RVing in the parks
tips helpful if you’ve just recently become an RVer
National Parks Traveler is a 501(c) (3) nonprofit media organization
Dark skies are beautiful and scientifically valuable
Humans have been contemplating their meaning for centuries
The National Park Service and its partner organizations invite you to discover the night sky through a series of astronomy programs
AstroFest provides the opportunity for visitors to experience this threatened resource
and learn about how important it is to protect
This year will highlight the night skies along the Gunnison River corridor
AstroFest has been made possible through our partnerships with
Learn more about protecting dark night skies in national parks and at home
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park "preserves an area encompassing spectacular gorges
and breathtaking landscapes by protecting its natural
and wilderness integrity for public benefit
The 15,599-acre (6312 hectares) Black Canyon of the Gunnison Wilderness includes 11,180 acres (4524 hectares) designated by Congress in 1976 (Public Law 94-567) and an additional 4,419 acres (1788 hectares) added in 1999 (Public Law 106-76) when the monument was redesignated as national park. Today, the park is approximately 51% federally designated wilderness
and another 10,000 acres (4046 hectares) is undeveloped backcountry
The wilderness area is bordered by the Gunnison Gorge Wilderness
17,700 acres (7162 hectares) to the northwest managed by the Bureau of Land Management
It was designated under the same law (Public Law 106-76) that increased the wilderness acreage of Black Canyon of the Gunnison Wilderness
such as connection with nature and finding inspiration
can be experienced at all levels of this vertical landscape
Cultural and historical connections to this wilderness landscape are significant
Lands now managed as wilderness are the homelands of indigenous peoples since time immemorial
Human use of wilderness areas has happened for thousands of years
Within the park's designated wilderness and non-wilderness areas
indigenous populations used resources on the canyon rims
They may also have used the inner canyon and river
but massive historic floods have left little to no evidence of this use
Wilderness is more than just an additional protection status. Wilderness offers social, cultural, and ecological benefits rooted in wilderness character preservation
and human-powered recreation opportunities
Wilderness belongs to everyone and has different meaning and significance to each visitor
Wilderness is identified as one of the fundamental resources and values in the park foundation document
rugged inner canyon makes up about half of the wilderness area
the boundary reaches beyond the canyon rim
It is both accessible and remote; all visitors can experience this wilderness in different ways
To protect the inner canyon wilderness and visitor experience
important regulations and guidelines are in place
Various documents guide the management of Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park
Learn more about wilderness managed by the National Park Service
Black Canyon has more than 650 species of vascular plants
The park has vegetation communities that are both representative of the geographic region and unique within its boundaries
The park lies within the Dry Domain (climate classification) and supports montane (mountain)
Forests and shrublands are the dominant vegetation
as well as some grassland and rock outcrops
The canyon rims are predominantly pinyon-juniper forests and scrub oak
Douglas-fir and Colorado blue spruce grow on the canyon’s north facing slopes
occur along the river at the canyon bottom
and mountain mahogany are the dominant shrubs on the canyon rims and uplands
Some sagebrush and rabbitbrush are also present
are present in the uplands and inner canyon
The distribution of vegetation is driven by elevation
Ecoregions
The park is mostly within the Semiarid Benchlands and Canyonlands of the Colorado Plateau Ecoregion
but the canyon continues east into the Sedimentary Mid-Elevation Forests of the Southern Rockies Ecoregion
Diverse plant communities are found here due to the topographic variation and elevation differences in short distances
A small number of rare plant species are either known or suspected
Pinyon-juniper forest and scrub oak dominate the landscape
Other stands of deciduous and coniferous trees exist
Wildflowers grow on both the canyon rim and inner canyon
Six species of succulents found on the Colorado Plateau are present at Black Canyon
Invasive species can disrupt native ecosystems
Life zones are ecosystems found at different elevations
Black Canyon is known for its vertical landscape; various life zones exist from the canyon rim
Plants and animals within each life zone are adapted to its conditions
This striking difference is mainly due to the amount of sunlight hitting the walls
This determines the amount of freeze-thaw erosion occurring on each wall
The continuous cycle of freezing and thawing water—expanding and contracting within the canyon walls—weakens rocks and causes them to break off or erode
Since the south-facing wall receives more direct sunlight
the north-facing wall is in shadow much of the day
causing more freeze-thaw and increased erosion
Roots help to break up rock and make soil as well
Creeks and rivers create wetland areas as they weave their way through the arid landscape of the Colorado Plateau
The Gunnison River has been cutting through the hard rock of the Black Canyon for about two million years
its powerful waters continue to sculpt the smooth Precambrian rock
Water loving plants cling to the edge of the river
Rainbow and Brown trout inhabit the river's chilly waters
Box elder (Negundo aceroides) and Narrow-leaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) crowd the riverbank
Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) tower over surrounding trees
the Narrow-leaf cottonwood nears seeds that drift through the air and float downstream
they must locate a sunny place that is wet with sand or gravel to continue their life cycle
flies over shallow rapids or runs along the riverbed with half-open wings
Presence of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) indicates a healthy river ecosystem
Learn about the plant communities that thrive on the canyon rim
— Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park is now using a fully cashless payment system
camping and parking fees via mobile or electronic payment system
First-come, first-served camping opportunities are available through the Scan and Pay option within the Recreation.gov mobile app. Once a visitor has the app downloaded and an account created
they can scan the QR code at the campground to pay
The park said the app works in remote areas with no mobile service
The Scan and Pay feature allows visitors to pay offline
and then the transactions are processed once their device is back online
reduces transaction times and allows for reservations and prepayment
Cash payments require park rangers to spend time counting money
the park said rangers can instead invest time and money into other work
the park said credit and debit sales already account for as much as 95% of in-person sales
which runs the store in the South Rim Visitor Center
And it's common practice for visitors to pay for entrance fees and advanced camping reservations online or with the mobile app at hundreds of National Park Service
Army Corps of Engineers sites through the country
Denver7 is committed to making a difference in our community by standing up for what's right
lending a helping hand and following through on promises
By Aspen AndrewsPublished: Apr
2025 at 4:22 AM MDTEmail This LinkShare on FacebookShare on X (formerly Twitter)Share on PinterestShare on LinkedInGUNNISON (KKTV) - The National Park Service said human remains were recovered in an area of Black Canyon within Gunnison National Park during an operation on Sunday
Park Rangers said the remains of Denver man Jordan Marsters were found in a remote and highly technical wilderness area of Black Canyon
Marsters’s family reported him missing to the Denver Police Department on Feb
Officials said Marsters was then linked to an abandoned vehicle at Black Canyon
Park Rangers said Capitol Reef National Park’s Recovery Team
Colorado National Monument’s Recovery Team
Curecanti National Recreation Area’s Overhead and Recovery Team
Montrose County Sheriffs Office Investigative Unit
Friends of Black Canyon Search and Rescue Volunteers’ Contingency Team and Mountain Blade Runner Helicopters assisted in the search and recovery
Under the Gunnison Public Lands Initiative
the mesa would become part of the the Lake Gulch / Cebolla Creek SMA
Supporters of the GORP Act include: Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
Gunnison Valley OHV Alliance of Trail Riders (GOATs)
Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District
Gunnison Sustainable Tourism Outdoor Recreation Committee
and others.* Supports applies only to the portion of the bill in their county
and development are putting unprecedented stress on our natural resources
The outdoors’ importance for recreation and as a refuge for our local communities has never been greater
The GORP Act is carefully designed to protect the values that Gunnison Basin residents and Coloradans cherish long into the future
The legislation will help protect existing uses while also ensuring the future vitality of the region’s landscape
While conversations about long-term protection have been ongoing in the region for decades
local stakeholders with wide-ranging interests have coalesced around a common vision in recent years
Now is the moment to ensure that the Gunnison Basin’s incredible natural and cultural heritage is preserved for generations to come
After several years of collecting public proposals
the Gunnison County Commissioners assembled local stakeholders to develop a common vision for the future of public lands in Gunnison County
This working group of local stakeholders became known as the Gunnison Public Lands Initiative (GPLI)
collectively agreed upon by the members of GPLI
guided the coalition’s discussions and the creation of their final proposal:
Recognizing the unique and diverse values of public lands in the Gunnison Basin
the GORP Act establishes six different types of public land designations
each designed to carefully fit the values of the lands and community
All of the special designation areas in the GORP Act would help protect their natural
each also emphasizes some uniquely important values
The types of designations and the values they emphasize are:
Protection Areas: protecting natural and undeveloped character
Recreation Management Areas: providing for and improving the management of recreation resources for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations
Rocky Mountain Scientific Research and Education Area: encouraging and preserving the conditions necessary for natural science research and education
and providing opportunities for the use of continually emerging techniques and methodologies in the conduct of such research and education
Wilderness: preserving and protecting the natural ecosystems and wild areas
and providing opportunities for solitude and retrospective or primitive recreation
Wildlife Conservation Areas: conserving and restoring wildlife and wildlife habitat
Supporters of the GORP Act include: Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
* Supports applies only to the portion of the bill in their county
A Wilderness Study Area (WSA) is a Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administrative designation
The BLM must manage WSAs to retain their Wilderness character until Congress makes a final determination on whether they should be included in the National Wilderness Preservation System
The GORP Act proposes that Congress make such a determination by designating a portion of the Powderhorn WSA as Wilderness and releasing the remaining portions for more flexible management as part of the proposed Powderhorn Wildlife Conservation Area
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These landscapes—from sagebrush shrublands to old-growth pinyon-juniper forests—are facing increasing pressures that cause plant communities to shift and expose various conservation challenges
The answers to these questions can present options for informed management
NCPN uses a structured monitoring approach to track ecosystem changes. A pilot study (2008–2010) refined methods
leading to 153 permanent monitoring plots across different elevations and vegetation types
researchers have revisited these sites every five years
surveying up to 45 plots annually to measure plant cover
and other key indicators (Figures 1 and 2)
Fieldwork occurs in late spring and summer when plants are most active
and soil conditions using standardized methods
These data show how ecosystems respond to grazing
Long-term monitoring at BLCA and CURE shows that while some ecosystems remain resistant to change
others are experiencing shifts in plant composition
and water availability that may impact habitat and ecosystem health
While overall shrub and total grass cover remained stable
native grasses declined at an annual rate of -0.33%
Pinyon-juniper woodlands remain relatively stable
and invasive species like cheatgrass—while not yet widespread—could increase fire risk by adding dry fuel (Figure 4)
Large fires in similar landscapes have turned forests into shrublands
emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and fire prevention
canopy closure decreasing by 1.6% per year
and seedlings unable to mature due to heavy browsing (Figure 5)
While non-native plants like Kentucky bluegrass are widespread
but the forests' long-term survival is uncertain at the lower edge of their climate range
Gambel oak shrublands remain stable despite environmental stressors (Figure 6)
native grasses have declined by 5% since 2011
while forb cover—especially in wetter years—has increased
These shrublands appear resistant but understory components may shift with long-term climate changes
Water availability is a major driver of ecosystem change
Drier conditions were linked to a reduction in native grass cover in most vegetation types at BLCA and CURE
As temperatures rise and precipitation patterns shift
water shortages will likely continue to influence these landscapes
Protecting BLCA and CURE’s upland ecosystems requires targeted conservation strategies to manage grazing
and water scarcity while sustaining habitat quality and resilience
Sagebrush shrublands remain vital for the Gunnison sage-grouse
Managers can help support sagebrush by monitoring grazing impacts from livestock and native ungulates
maintaining allotment boundary fences to prevent trespass
and prioritizing the protection of resilient areas with low non-native plant cover
Pinyon-juniper woodlands are in good condition
Managers can protect high-value woodlands from fire and continue to monitor and control for cheatgrass
Aspen forests are struggling as fewer saplings reach maturity due to browsing and changing climate conditions
Managers can identify areas most likely to support aspen in the future while preparing for inevitable shifts in vegetation
but consistent decline in cool-season native perennial grasses across vegetation types warrants concern
Managers should consider this functional group as vulnerable when making decisions regarding livestock grazing and wildlife management
Water scarcity is shaping vegetation trends across the region
Park managers can track water deficit trends and incorporate water availability into conservation planning to help mitigate ecosystem stress and prepare for future drought conditions
Ongoing conservation efforts will give native species a better chance to persist
ensuring BLCA and CURE’s upland ecosystems remain resilient in the face of change
Information in this article was summarized from Livensperger C. 2025. Vegetation and Soil Trends, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area, 2011–2022
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Invasive grasses tend to thrive in areas with high N deposition
displacing native vegetation adapted to low N conditions
Increases in N have been found to promote the spread of fast-growing non-native annual grasses (like cheatgrass) and forbs (like Russian thistle) at the expense of native species (Brooks 2003; Allen et al
N may also increase water use in plants like big sagebrush (Inouye 2006)
Given the abundance of base cations in underlying park soils and rocks
surface waters in BLCA are generally well-buffered from acidification
steep-sided canyon walls in the park have little ability to retain nutrients and water
limiting the landscapes to buffer acidic run-off that may discharge to the inner canyon (Sullivan et al
Epiphytic macrolichens grow on tree trunks
they obtain all their nutrients directly from precipitation and the air
Many epiphytic lichen species have narrow environmental niches and are extremely sensitive to changes in air pollution
Epiphytic lichen communities are less diverse in arid areas
Forest Service national survey to develop critical loads of nitrogen (N) and critical loads of sulfur (S) to prevent more than a 20% decline in four lichen community metrics: total species richness
(2021) used forested area from the National Land Cover Database to estimate the impact of air pollution on epiphytic lichen communities
Forested area makes up 83 km2 (66%) of the land area of Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park
For exceedances of other lichen metrics and the predicted decline of lichen communities see Appendices A and B of McCoy et al
Additional modeling was done on 459 lichen species to test the combined effects of air pollution and climate gradients (Geiser et al
A critical load indicative of initial shifts from pollution-sensitive toward pollution-tolerant species occurred at 1.5 kg-N ha-1 yr-1 and 2.7 kg-S ha-1 yr-1 even under changing climate regimes
Plants vary in their tolerance of eutrophication and acidification
and some plant species respond to nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S) pollution with declines in growth
Forest Service national forest survey to develop critical loads of N and critical loads of S to prevent declines in growth or survival of sensitive tree species
(2019) used a database of plant community surveys to develop critical loads of N and critical loads of S to prevent a decline in abundance of sensitive herbaceous plant species
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park contains:
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park has 70.2 km2 of coniferous forests and 47.5 km2 of broadleaf forests
the minimum CL is exceeded in 0% of forested area and the maximum CL is exceeded in 0% of forested area based on 2019-2021 TDep Total N deposition
Estimated total nitrogen and sulfur deposition levels from 2000-2002 (top) compared to the 2019-2021 (bottom) average at BLCA
Estimated values were developed using the National Atmospheric Deposition Program - Total Deposition (TDep) approach that combines measured and modeled data
Estimated values are valuable for analyzing gradients of deposition and the resulting ecosystem risks where monitors are not present
Pollutants like mercury and pesticides are concerning because they are persistent and toxic in the environment
These contaminants can travel in the air thousands of miles away from the source of pollution
even depositing in protected places like national parks
while some of these harmful pollutants may be banned from use
historically contaminated sites continue to endure negative environmental consequences
When deposited, airborne mercury and other toxic air contaminants are known to harm wildlife like birds and fish, and cause human health concerns
Many of these substances enter the food chain and accumulate in the tissue of organisms causing reduced reproductive success
The NPS Air Resources Division reports on park conditions and trends for mercury. Visit the webpage to learn more. Fish consumption advisories may be in effect for mercury and other contaminants (NPS 2022)
average natural visual range is reduced from about 175 miles (without the effects of pollution) to about 140 miles because of pollution
The visual range is reduced to below 95 miles on high pollution days
At ground level, ozone is harmful to human health and the environment
Ground-level ozone does not come directly from smokestacks or vehicles
but instead is formed when other pollutants
mainly nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds
The tree species ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
is at risk of 7% biomass deficit in seedlings
The tree species quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
is at risk of 5% biomass deficit in seedlings
Recent ozone levels in the park exceed critical levels that protect this species
Tree species Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is at low risk from ozone despite its known sensitivity
Recent ozone levels in the park are below critical levels that protect these trees from 5% biomass deficit
Ozone critical levels are for tree seedlings, which represent the regenerative capacity and long-term stability of sensitive species within a forest. These tree species are also known to be sensitive to ozone as adults (Bell et al. 2020)
but critical values for seedling growth do not predict ozone effects on mature trees
Air Resources Division is currently working with collaborators to establish critical levels for mature trees using data from forest monitoring plots
Visit the NPS air quality conditions and trends website for park-specific ozone information
There are 47 other Park Air Profiles covering parks across the United States and its territories
Binkley et al. 1997. Status of Air Quality and Related Values in Class I National Parks and Monuments of the Colorado Plateau. Chapter 5. Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park. National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Denver, CO. Available at https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/167034
Clark, C.M., Simkin, S.M., Allen, E.B. et al. Potential vulnerability of 348 herbaceous species to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in the United States. Nat. Plants 5, 697–705 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0442-8
Assessing Ecological Risks from Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur to US Forests Using Epiphytic Macrolichens
Horn KJ, Thomas RQ, Clark CM, Pardo LH, Fenn ME, Lawrence GB, et al. (2018) Growth and survival relationships of 71 tree species with nitrogen and sulfur deposition across the conterminous U.S.. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205296
Effects of shrub removal and nitrogen addition on soil moisture in sagebrush steppe
Kohut R.J. 2007. Ozone Risk Assessment for Vital Signs Monitoring Networks, Appalachian National Scenic Trail, and Natchez Trace National Scenic Trail. NPS/NRPC/ARD/NRTR—2007/001. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado. Available at https://www.nps.gov/articles/ozone-risk-assessment.htm
Kohut, B. 2004. Assessing the Risk of Foliar Injury from Ozone on Vegetation in Parks in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network. Available at https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2181489
McCoy K., M. D. Bell, and E. Felker-Quinn. 2021. Risk to epiphytic lichen communities in NPS units from atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur pollution: Changes in critical load exceedances from 2001‒2016. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/ARD/NRR—2021/2299. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. https://doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287254
[NADP] National Atmospheric Deposition Program. 2018. NTN Data. Accessed January 20, 2022. Available at http://nadp.slh.wisc.edu/NADP/
[NPS] National Park Service. 2022. Fish Consumption Advisories. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fishing/fish-consumption-advisories.htm
Porter, E., Blett, T., Potter, D.U., Huber, C. 2005. Protecting resources on federal lands: Implications of critical loads for atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur. BioScience 55(7): 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0603:PROFLI]2.0.CO;2
Effects of nitrogen deposition on an arid grassland in the Colorado plateau cold desert
Air quality related values (AQRVs) in national parks: Effects from ozone; visibility reducing particles; and atmospheric deposition of acids
Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/ARD/NRR—2016/1196
– The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) invites public land enthusiasts everywhere to join in celebrating the 25th anniversary of Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area (NCA) and Wilderness
the nearly 63,000-acre NCA was established on Oct
1999 to recognize and protect the area’s outstanding natural
“The establishment of this national conservation area 25 years ago involved tremendous community support,” said BLM Colorado State Director Doug Vilsack
“The BLM manages this special place to protect its cultural
along with abundant opportunities for recreation
Rafting the Gunnison River is a personal highlight for me
from the thrill of maneuvering the rocky rapids of the gorge to the tranquility of floating the calmer waters downriver.”
The NCA stretches from Delta County in the north to Montrose County in the south just east of Colorado Highway 50 and encompasses diverse scenic landscapes
ranging from desert shrub and sagebrush lowlands to highly eroded adobe badlands to piñon-juniper woodlands adorning the slopes
At the heart of the NCA lies the spectacular rugged canyon of the Gunnison Gorge Wilderness
a 17,700-acre treasure that showcases about 1.7 billion years of geologic history
from the ancient metamorphic and igneous rock of the steep-walled inner gorge to the younger sedimentary layers lining the upper walls and rim
While Gunnison Gorge is well known for world-class trout fishing, challenging whitewater rafting, and flatwater paddling, visitors can also explore over 225 miles of trails by foot, horseback, mountain bikes, and off-highway vehicles. Camping and stargazing are popular activities as well, with the NCA recently being certified as an International Dark Sky Park
Local community partners come together to offer volunteer opportunities and youth education programs including Cottonwood Days
which just celebrated sixteen years of offering hands-on educational activities to area sixth graders about riparian resources along the Gunnison River
MONTROSE, Colo. – The Bureau of Land Management has finalized a supplementary rule implementing decisions pertaining to motorized and non-motorized travel, day-use areas, camping, and seasonal wildlife habitat in the Tres Rios Field Office and the Silverton area of the Gunnison Field Office
The rule applies to BLM-managed public lands in Archuleta
excluding public lands within Canyons of the Ancients National Monument
These measures respond to growing visitation by restricting certain activities and defining allowable uses in special management areas to provide for visitor health and safety
and prevent degradation of natural and cultural resources
“The BLM worked closely with the local communities to develop plans with a shared vision for managing a wide range of public land resources and resource uses,” said BLM Southwest District Manager Stephanie McCormick
“This supplementary rule implements decisions that support the unique quality of life enjoyed by our Southwest Colorado communities.”
MONTROSE, Colo. — The Bureau of Land Management is seeking public input on an enhanced air quality analysis for two oil and gas developments in western Gunnison County
The additional analysis has been completed in response to a District Court decision directing the BLM to complete further review and to ensure consistency with evolving case law and state and federal policy
The Bull Mountain Unit Master Development Plan and the Dual Operator 5-Pad Proposal involve 55 private and 171 federal wells on 38 new and existing well pads
The 2017 environmental impact statement for the Bull Mountain Master Development Plan estimated more than 600 jobs and $115 million in economic impacts over the life of the project.
“BLM is completing this updated analysis to ensure we consider impacts from developing oil and gas resources
allowing resources to be developed in an environmentally responsible manner,” said Southwest District Manager Stephanie McCormick
Consistent with Executive Order 14154
“Unleashing American Energy,” oil and gas development on public lands helps meet the energy needs of U.S
citizens and solidify the nation as a global energy leader long into the future
Three people died and 55 were severely injured in 264 crashes between 2018 and 2022
Rather than expand the highway to accommodate more cars, however, local officials are boosting public transportation service and will use the federal grant to help fund safety improvements — many of which are aimed at pedestrians and transit users
“I think that people in our community would much rather see new traffic calming and safety installations … before we would want to contemplate or need a widening of the highway,” Gunnison County Commissioner Jonathon Houck said in an interview.
the Gunnison Valley’s strong ranching community — and the land those ranchers own that abuts the highway — wouldn’t mesh with a wider
Cattle drives still routinely happen on the highway
“Getting beyond two lanes on 135 would really seriously impact the character of the Gunnison Valley,” Houck said
Local governments recently commissioned a detailed look at the highway that recommended $19 million in safety-focused changes to the road
the construction of missing sidewalks near bus stops in Gunnison
and curb extensions at the busy intersection of Highway 135 and U.S
Also planned is a $3 million pedestrian tunnel near a bus stop just south of Crested Butte that would allow the future residents of a proposed 252-unit affordable workforce housing development to safely cross the highway.
Separately, the county is also planning a new multimodal trail on a 7.5-mile stretch along Highway 135 between Crested Butte and a housing development to the south.
The federal government announced 10 other safety-focused grants to other Colorado communities this week as well
including $6.7 million for infrastructure changes in downtown Denver
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Airborne pollutants can be deposited in the park by wet (rain or snow) and dry (dust
The NPS ARD monitors nitrogen and sulfur deposition; either of these compounds in excess can be problematic for ecosystem health
such as the canyon rim of Black Canyon and surrounding ridges
can be more sensitive to nitrogen deposition
Nitrogen and sulfur can also accumulate in rivers
This contributes to acidification and negative impacts to aquatic life and adjacent ecosystems
Clean air is critical for clear views of park scenery and historic landscapes
Learn about park-specific air quality data
The Gunnison River drops around 2,100 feet (640 m) through 14 miles (22.5 km) of canyon in the national park
The Gunnison River headwaters start at the confluence of the Taylor River and East River
Snowmelt feeds tributaries to the Gunnison River from the West Elk Mountains
The river was previously known as the Grand River
in addition to other names before the mid-1800s
It was renamed after John Williams Gunnison
army officer who led expeditions to find a railroad route through the Rocky Mountains and Black Canyon
When the park was established first as a National Monument in 1933
the Gunnison River was free-flowing through the canyon
the Gunnison River is dammed to create the Wayne N
Aspinall Unit is one of the four main units of the Colorado River Storage Project (CRSP)
a project to provide water storage for the Upper Colorado River Basin states of Colorado
Even the most experienced boaters must portage
and the river touches canyon walls in some places
Riparian vegetation is minimal due to powerful spring peak flows scouring the narrow canyon bottom
Red Rock Canyon
a tributary near the western park boundary
flows into the Gunnison River before it continues into the Gunnison Gorge National Recreation Area (BLM)
and Uncompahgre rivers flow into the Gunnison River before Dominguez Canyon
the river eventually empties into the Colorado River
Colorado Encyclopedia. “John W. Gunnison.” Accessed November 18, 2024. https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/john-w-gunnison
Redmond, Zachary. “Wayne Aspinall Unit Colorado River Storage Project.” Bureau of Reclamation, 2000. https://www.usbr.gov/projects/pdf.php?id=87
Wild and Scenic River Study and Final Environmental Statement
U.S. Geological Survey. “Geology of Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park.” Accessed November 18, 2024. https://www.usgs.gov/geology-and-ecology-of-national-parks/geology-black-canyon-gunnison-national-park
Weissinger, R. and Gibney, N. 2019. Status and trends in water quality at Curecanti National Recreation Area and Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, 2001–2014. Natural Resource Report. NPS/NCPN/NRR—2019/1858. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado
The Gunnison River flows through the Black Canyon of the Gunnison
Life zones are present throughout the park - from the Gunnison River to the canyon rim
High water releases from Crystal Dam are expected to occur throughout late May and well into June
Peak water flow is predicted to approach 8,000 cubic feet per second through the main gorge of Black Canyon
causing fluctuations in depth and velocity throughout the day
Fishing on the Gunnison within Black Canyon will be very difficult due to the increased flow rate through the canyon
wading in the river will be extremely hazardous
campsites in the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (including Red Rock Canyon)
Movement upstream and downstream from river accesses will be very limited or impossible
Check with rangers at the visitor center if you are planning a trip into the canyon
USGS River Gauge - Gunnison River Below the Gunnison Tunnel: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/co/nwis/uv?cb_00065=on&cb_00060=on&format=gif_stats&period=7&site_no=09128000
Bureau of Reclamation – Aspinall Unit http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/asp.html
https://www.nps.gov/blca
https://www.nps.gov/cure
“Most folks visit Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area during the daytime—as there's great fishing
and trail riding to do then—but for those who remain after dark
a whole different experience presents itself,” said NCA Manager Edd Franz
“Sleeping out under the stars can be one of the most peaceful and meaningful ways to experience this special place
I'm incredibly pleased to have the Gorge certified as a Dark Sky Park
and proud of the BLM's commitment to conserving western Colorado's dark skies.”
In order to earn Dark Sky Park certification
and dedicated volunteers documented the quality of the night skies by taking readings over a period of time at various locations across the Gunnison Gorge NCA
Volunteers also took photographs highlighting the visibility of the Milky Way
confirming that the NCA has zero artificial lights within its boundaries
A light management plan was developed to guide future outreach and education about conserving the dark sky resource
numerous outreach and education events were conducted—with more planned—to promote the effort toward certification and beyond