Snow is not the reason for La Palma turning white
which lingers in the air and on the cobblestone streets
reminding us that in Europe there are also unique and fun ways to celebrate carnival
Brazil has the most famous carnival in the world but
an excellent option is the island of Palma in Spain
where the carnival extends for almost two weeks
I lived on the island during the carnival of 2023, a moment that signified the restarting of these celebrations after the pandemic and the eruption of the volcano that stained part of the island with tragedy and ashes
who prepare every year to receive thousands of tourists during the carnival days
which are usually crowded with tourists from cruise ships
multiply the pedestrians who go to forget the cold of winter and enjoy days of festivities without watching the clock
This is the biggest high season of the island
which means a lot for a town that lives on tourism
In La Palma it is impossible to celebrate only Monday and Tuesday of carnival (on 3rd and 4th March this year)
But there are definitely some days that stand out from others — even making people forget to sleep
While some only celebrate in parades and concerts
others prepare for Holy Week with religious walks such as the procession of the virgin from one of the highest points of the capital
This pilgrimage marks on the calendar the last days of parties before calmer times 40 days later
One of the most fun days is the Friday before the carnival weekend
The party with DJs in different parts of Santa Cruz starts early in the afternoon and ends the next day with concerts on a big stage on Maritima Avenue
Although you can wear any conventional wig
the boldest attendees make the most eccentric
original and wild wigs that look like an end-of-the-year school project (it probably takes them an entire year to create these works of art)
because the party is not reserved only for Santa Cruz de la Palma
wigs are transformed into full costumes and people throw colorful talcum powder at each other
turning the town into an eternal colorful party
You won’t find a more original way to celebrate carnival in the world
This is the peak day for tourism on the island
make a note of the day: it is always celebrated on Carnival Monday and extends until Tuesday morning
The tradition pays homage to the island’s Spanish migrants who returned from Cuba, and other places like Venezuela, flaunting the riches obtained in the new world. To relive the moment, everyone dresses in white from head to toe in period costumes, while dancing salsa in the streets
One of the funniest attractions is the white talcum powder
No one escapes the talcum powder shower that starts early in the morning with Los Indianos parade and doesn’t stop all day
After the party you will need a deep bath to remove the talc from your scalp
so be prepared to walk if you want to see it all
The streets are closed and crowded with people
along with stands selling sugar cane juice and mojitos
It is closed to avoid damage and environmental problems
If you think the party ends on Shrove Tuesday
Although they are not such big celebrations
you can enjoy other parades the following days
One quite unique parade features the sardine as the main character
Bands from all over the island accompany a sardine-shaped carriage that
because people don’t only dance on the island
Carnival is not always an important celebration in many cultures
but after spending some time on the island you will not want to stop celebrating it every year
Photos: Edgary Rodriguez R. and Toni Rivera
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La Palma is home to dramatic volcanic landscapes and some of the darkest skies on Earth
La Palma offers breathtaking views of the Milky Way
STARMUS La Palma 2025 is set to be a stellar celebration of science with some of the greatest minds on Earth and I can’t wait
I'll be packing my bags and heading to a beautiful island just off the coast of northwestern Africa shaped by volcanic activity and dense
extensive beaches and towering waterfalls are a huge draw for many tourists
I'm in search of something a little more ..
This April, the island of La Palma — affectionately known as "Isla Bonita" (beautiful island) — will transform into a beacon for space lovers, scientists and stargazers alike as it hosts STARMUS La Palma 2025
the cosmos and the art of discovery under some of the darkest skies in the world
the largest single-aperture optical and infrared telescope in the world
The 2025 edition of STARMUS includes more than 45 speakers including Nobel Laureate Kip Thorne
as well as iconic zoologist and primatologist Dame Jane Goodall
STARMUS isn't all about lectures — it's an immersive celebration of science and the night sky
There will be several events taking place across the island
with STARMUS Camps in Santa Cruz de La Palma and Los Llanos de Aridane bringing science and wonder to the streets of La Palma
These camps are a great way for the public to experience hands on exhibits
this year's festival also carries a deeper mission
La Palma was stuck by a volcanic eruption that displaced thousands of people and reshaped parts of the island
STARMUS La Palma 2025 is dedicated to supporting the island's ongoing recovery toward once again being a top tourist destination for night sky enthusiasts due to its pristine dark skies
It offers this support through its ability to revitalize local economies and create spaces for community engagement
Evenings at STARMUS will echo with music under the stars
including the Sonic Universe concert on April 26 in Puerto de Tazacorte as well as classical concerts in Santa Cruz de La Palma on April 25 and April 27
Founded by astrophysicist Garik Israelian and Sir Brian May
Queen's guitarist and fellow astrophysicist
STARMUS remains a powerful intersection of art
And it's only enhanced by the fact that this year's special edition offers not only a journey through the cosmos — but also a heartfelt tribute to the spirit and strength of La Palma
Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.
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Astrophotographer captures the moon and Jupiter suspended above one of Europe's oldest lakes (photo)
Look up! How to see the Eta Aquarid meteor shower 2025 peak overnight on May 5-6
10 must-have 'Star Wars' books and novels coming soon to your galaxy
HomeDestinationsInterestsTop Places to Travel by MonthSearchMenuBest time to go to Canary Islands
Witness one of the most exciting and popular fiestas of the Santa Cruz de La Palma Carnival
Save Visited Rate Review SharePreviousNextSee all J
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offering a vibrant glimpse into the island’s cultural heritage
Held annually on this picturesque north-western island
the event draws thousands of visitors eager to partake in its distinctive festivities
Central to the celebration is the tradition of dressing in elegant all-white costumes
and engaging in a joyous talcum powder fight that transforms the streets into a dazzling white spectacle
Known affectionately as the "Big White Party," this visually stunning event has become one of the most popular and cherished highlights of La Palma’s cultural calendar
The origins of the Los Indianos Carnival date back to the early 19th century
inspired by the migration of Canary Islanders to Latin America
often referred to as "Indianos," brought back wealth
The event became a playful reenactment of their triumphant return
complete with costumes and displays of prosperity
The tradition evolved into a carnival celebration
blending satire and nostalgia to honor this cultural exchange
The White Party is a really big deal for locals
so they put a ton of energy into preparing of the carnival
the locals traditionally welcome the Indians with mojitos
head to Avenida de Los Indianos street and then follow the crowd up to Alameda Square
the whole historic center will be jam-packed with people
doubling the local population by more than twice
The connection between Los Indianos and Cuba is deeply rooted in history
Many Canarian emigrants who sought better opportunities overseas found a new life in Cuba
The carnival pays homage to this historical bond
with its white outfits symbolizing the attire of wealthy returnees from the Caribbean
and elements of Cuban culture permeate the celebration
reflecting the shared heritage and cultural influences between the two regions
Los Indianos is a centerpiece of the broader Santa Cruz de La Palma Carnival
a week-long festival brimming with diverse events
Highlights include the "Entierro de la Sardina" (Burial of the Sardine)
a satirical procession marking the end of the festivities
and concerts showcasing traditional Canarian music
These events make the carnival a multifaceted celebration of history
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STARMUS is thrilled to announce the first round of artists and the program structure for the highly anticipated STARMUS La Palma festival
This year’s lineup features an extraordinary array of luminaries
including renowned ethologist Jane Goodall -founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and UN Messenger of Peace-
legendary musician and STARMUS co-founder Brian May
and an incredible cast of world-class renowned scientists and experts in AI and cybersecurity
The festival will also host a multidisciplinary scientific program focused on the protection of the sky
addressing critical issues such as pollution and space debris
with the Starlight Foundation as the responsible body—this edition will be a key platform to generate greater visibility and awareness on this issue
with this great representation of this remarkable edition
which marks the “return home” to the place that inspired the creation of what is now recognized as the world’s most inspiring festival of science
STARMUS announced the first confirmed artists of the musical lineup and the final program structure of this very special edition
This spectacular lineup of artists will be preceded by unprecedented opening acts that embody the essence of STARMUS La Palma with space-inspired and distinctly Canarian rhythms:
which will start energizing the Puerto de Tazacorte from the early evening
will feature a group of bands acclaimed at festivals across Spain
These bands will offer a fantastic fusion of pop
STARMUS La Palma is excited to present the ‘Classical Night Series’ concerts
taking place in Santa Cruz de La Palma on April 25 and April 27
The lineup features an array of distinguished artists
STARMUS La Palma will feature two STARMUS Camps: one in Santa Cruz and another in Los Llanos de Aridane
Both camps will offer a full 4-day program of activities in the Expo Zones and Stage Zones
Both STARMUS Camps will gather an impressive lineup of exhibitors
including the Starlight Foundation; the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); the Jane Goodall Institute with its program “Roots & Shoots,”; ITER
the pioneering international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject or CTAO -Cherenkov Telescope Array
Observatory- the future largest and most powerful gamma-ray observatory in the world
The lineup of speakers ranges from keynote lecturers to popular science communicators like Mar Gómez (eltiempo.es)
Space Trainer and Olympic Athlete Guillermo Rojo
as well as presentations from some of the most anticipated speakers in the keynote lectures
The daily evening music program will feature local DJs and indie-pop bands as the opening acts for the ‘Sonic Universe’ concert – Shidow
Terco – and other local groups like Macaca Radiata
the camps will feature two very special days meant to inspire the youngest generations with the “INTERSCHOLAR by STARMUS” project
This initiative will be carried out across schools for students in 5th and 6th grade of primary school and secondary school
who will have the opportunity to learn from and meet inspiring ambassadors such as Javier Santaolalla
and the Jane Goodall Institute through their Roots & Shoots program
These special days will take place in the mornings of April 25 and April 28
Keynote Lectures Program: The keynote lectures will take place in Puerto Naos on the following dates and times (tentative):
Attendees can look forward to a series of thought-provoking and inspiring talks with the protection of the skies as the main topic but spanning a wide range of disciplines and topics with world eminences from all over the globe
*Check the full list of speakers here
In addition to the many events during the festival
STARMUS La Palma will also feature an educational initiative in the preceding months which will end up bringing students from all over the Canaries to the festival:
The full schedule of events and activities will be unveiled in the coming weeks on the STARMUS website – www.starmus.com -and social media channels
For further details on each of the events being unveiled and summarized
updates and special offers via email from Astronomy.com
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ShareSaveCommentBusinessHollywood & EntertainmentIs ‘La Palma’ On Netflix Based On A True Story? What’s Real Vs. FakeByMonica Mercuri
Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights
Monica is an entertainment reporter covering TV
Netflix’s new disaster series La Palma is currently the No
1 show on the streaming platform in the U.S
you might find yourself wondering if La Palma is based on a true story and whether the highly active and dangerous Cumbre Vieja volcano actually exists
The four-episode limited series is set on the island of La Palma and follows a young scientist
and a family of four as they face a volcanic eruption with the potential to trigger a global catastrophe
Despite warning signs—including a deadly boat accident and a series of earthquakes—geologists Marie and Haukur uncover evidence that an imminent eruption could cause devastation far beyond the island
to take their findings seriously before it’s too late
La Palma is a real place—one of Spain’s Canary Islands
This Spanish territory is home to the Cumbre Vieja
the most active volcanic ridge in the Canary Islands
SPAIN - 2021/10/05: Volcano of Cumbre Vieja in the Canary Island of La Palma ..
More continues with his activity erupting lava after more than two weeks
(Photo by Marcos del Mazo/LightRocket via Getty Images)
no injuries or deaths were directly attributed to the eruption
the Cumbre Vieja last erupted in 1971 and 1949
the majority of scientists agree that such a catastrophic event is highly unlikely
The hypothesis suggests that during a major volcanic eruption
a large portion of the western flank of Cumbre Vieja could collapse into the Atlantic Ocean
This landslide could generate a mega-tsunami
potentially affecting the eastern coasts of North America
wrote in a study the following year: "The threat of mega tsunami generation from collapses of oceanic island stratovolcanoes has been greatly overstated
Smoke rises from cooling lava after the Cumbre Vieja volcano erupted on the Canary Island of La ..
- A new fissure has emerged in the erupting volcano on Spain's Canary Islands
belching out more lava and forcing another 500 people to flee as experts closely watched its progress towards the sea
(Photo by JOSE MARIA MONTESDEOCA / AFP) (Photo by JOSE MARIA MONTESDEOCA/AFP via Getty Images)
The Netflix series La Palma was filmed on location in the real-life La Palma
Known as the "Isla Bonita," La Palma is a popular destination for nature lovers
and gorgeous beaches that attract tourists from around the world
In addition to La Palma, some scenes were filmed on the nearby island of Tenerife, according to The Direct
Tenerife is the most visited island in the Canary Islands archipelago
attracting over five million tourists annually
SPAIN - 2022/02/03: View of the Cumbre Vieja volcano still emitting sulfur gases
More areas are still affected by volcanic lava and ashes caused by the eruption of the volcano
which lasted more than three months causing damages in residential buildings
The series also features the interior of the luxury resort Isla Bonita and the H10 Taburiente Playa
which serves as the backdrop for many exterior shots
while La Palma Airport also plays a key role as a hub for visitors and emergency crews arriving and departing the island
The show was co-written by Gudmestad and Rosenløw Eeg and stars Anders Baasmo Christiansen
the Cumbre Vieja volcano erupted for a total of 85 days — the longest eruption ever recorded on La Palma island
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The capital of La Palma has once again been blanketed in white today (Monday) as the island celebrated its iconic Los Indianos festival
brings thousands of people to the streets to commemorate the return of Canarians who had emigrated to Cuba
The celebration transforms the Plaza de España into a scene reminiscent of Havana
and participants dressed in traditional white linen garments
One of the festival's most beloved figures
portrayed each year by Víctor Lorenzo Díaz Molina
marking the official start of the festivities
The tradition sees La Negra Tomasa arrive at the port of Santa Cruz de La Palma
where hundreds of eager onlookers await her
She then makes her way to the Plaza de España
The streets are filled with the sounds of guarachas and Cuban sones as revellers engage in the playful ritual of throwing talcum powder
adding to the joyous and carefree atmosphere
The tradition of Los Indianos takes place every Carnival Monday
with Santa Cruz de La Palma transformed into a spectacle of white attire and talcum powder
The event is a parody of the wealthy Canarian emigrants who made their fortune in America
and returned to the island showing off their newfound wealth and elegance
embodying the style of the high-society ‘Indianos’
poking fun at the ostentation of the returning emigrants
Los Indianos is more than just a festival; it is a cultural homage to La Palma's migratory history and a vivid expression of the island’s identity
it draws visitors from around the world who come to experience the unique blend of humour
and community spirit that defines this remarkable event
STARMUS and The Canary Islands proudly unveiled the line-up for the highly anticipated STARMUS La Palma festival
The announcement was made during a special presentation led by STARMUS co-founder and Director
featuring the President of the Cabildo de La Palma
with the Starlight Foundation as the responsible body—this edition will be a key drive to generate greater visibility and awareness on this issue
With this shared goal, in partnership with the Starlight Foundation
the festival will bring together an extraordinary array of luminaries
UN Messenger of Peace and STARMUS Advisory Board
STARMUS co-founder and legendary musician Brian May
and a host of other world-class experts in science
The STARMUS La Palma festival will feature a remarkable roster of speakers
including Nobel Laureates like John Mather
Steven Chu or Donna Strickland; famous astronauts such as Col
first female private space explorer and entrepreneur Anousheh Ansari or ESA astronaut reserve Sara García; popular scientists and communicators like Jim Bell
who is also a collaborator of Starmus; world-renowned inventors and entrepreneurs like Tony Fadell
the inventor of the iPod and co-creator of the iPhone; environmental experts like Maureen Raymo and Chris Rapley; and scientific luminaries such as Rafael Yuste
the leading representatives of the prestigious IAC
This impressive gathering will lead a spectacular multidisciplinary scientific program with its main focus on the protection of the sky
serving as a crucial call to action against threats such as pollution and space junk
the discussions in La Palma will be pivotal in shaping our approach to safeguarding the skies for future generations
In addition to becoming the epicentre of science and the future of sky protection
this edition in La Palma also has a very special goal: to support the recovery of the island after the disaster caused by the major volcanic eruption in 2021
This edition of STARMUS will be 100% open and free to the public. While keynote lectures will require accreditation due to limited venue capacity, they will be live streamed at the STARMUS CAMPS. Most keynote speakers will also deliver special talks at the Camps. Pre-registration for those wishing to attend the keynote lectures program is now open on the STARMUS website (please visit www.starmus.com)
shared his thoughts: “La Palma is the birthplace of STARMUS
We are thrilled to bring the festival back to this island
which is not only a natural paradise but also a beacon of scientific and technological innovation
hosting numerous significant milestones and facilities like the world’s largest optical-infrared telescope
offering unparalleled opportunities for research and discovery.”
“With its unique volcanic and Atlantic landscape
will definitively be positioned as the Island of the Stars
becoming an awareness hub of sky protection and aiming to create the most inspiring call to action about it.”
stated that “The Starmus Festival positions our island as a global reference in the scientific and cultural fields
with its privileged sky and rich astronomical history
and it is the perfect setting for a festival of this magnitude
Starmus is not just a gathering of scientists and astronauts; it is a bridge that connects knowledge with art
It is a unique opportunity to inspire new generations and spark scientific vocations.”
We demonstrate to the world that La Palma is an island looking to the future
and aiming to be a driving force for development in the Canary Islands and Spain.”
conveyed to the organisation that “It is an honour and also a great responsibility to be part of organizing a festival of this magnitude
which will bring so many renowned international scientists and artists to La Palma
an island that has seen the birth of the most significant initiatives in defence of the sky
This festival will help us promote the environmental
and scientific values associated with the protection of our skies and raise awareness in society about the urgent need to protect this resource for present and future generations
The music line-up and the full program for STARMUS La Palma will be unveiled in January 2025
This announcement promises to reveal the spectacular array of performances and events
adding to the excitement and anticipation surrounding this extraordinary festival
In addition to sharing the incredible line-up for its upcoming edition
STARMUS is thrilled to announce the addition of two remarkable members to its prestigious Advisory Board: Nobel Laureate Steven Chu and former Astronaut Chris Hadfield
is renowned for his groundbreaking research in laser cooling and trapping of atoms
which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997
celebrated for his command of the International Space Station and his contributions to space exploration
is also known for his engaging educational outreach as a writer and public speaker
Both figures will join an illustrious group of scientific and musical luminaries
further enriching the STARMUS community with their expertise and passion
the countdown begins for the Canarian archipelago
in addition to being a highly valued tourist destination worldwide
will transform into a global hub for science and innovation with the celebration of STARMUS La Palma
This edition is generating immense excitement
as it returns to its roots in the Canary Islands after traveling to countries like Norway
This remarkable event promises to elevate La Palma’s status on the world stage
showcasing its unique blend of natural beauty and scientific excellence
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article
Manolo Blahnik (born November 27, 1942, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) is a Spanish fashion designer best known for his signature line of high-end women’s footwear
and gained the attention of the fashion elite
whose shoe-obsessed fictional character Carrie Bradshaw transformed the brand into a household name
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visits to historic towns and more: here’s what you’ll want to do on the enchanting Canary Islands
Isabella is one of the writers on the new Canary Islands guidebook
After spending weeks of research on the road
she shares the top experiences for your next trip
Anyone who loves the Canaries can attest that the most challenging (and exciting) part of visiting these bewitching volcanic islands is where to start
Indeed, it’s this astounding variety – of landscapes, cultures, activities – that makes the beloved Atlantic archipelago such a thrill to discover. Beach lovers will of course be particularly drawn to the Canaries – yet many of the islands are also great bases for adventurous types, perhaps a surprise for first-time visitors. Of Spain’s 16 national parks
while a network of other nature reserves protects everything from coastal cliffs to age-old laurisilva (laurel forests).
Keep in mind that each island lends itself to distinct experiences. The three smaller western Canaries, for example, are top spots for hiking, while the three easternmost islands have the loveliest sandy beaches. Tenerife
genuinely brings a bit of everything.
Here’s our roundup of the many top experiences you can look forward to on the Canary Islands.
Whether glimpsed when dusted with snow in winter or surrounded by spring blooms
El Teide is an unmissable Canarian experience
and hiking to its sky-high summit is a temptation few walkers can resist.
The UNESCO-listed national park is understandably popular (almost 4.6 million people visited in 2023) – and it’s also strictly protected
A cable car zips up El Teide’s southern flank to viewing platforms at 3555m (11,663ft)
but since there are tight regulations for hiking onwards to the peak
Visit first thing or in the late afternoon to sidestep some of the national park’s crowds
we recommend taking advantage of the many other trails weaving across the lunar landscape
Detour: Tenerife has plenty of other spectacular hiking paths, especially around the Parque Rural de Anaga and the Parque Rural de Teno.
perched 2396m (7861ft) at the top of the island.
Planning tip: The Parque Nacional del Teide in Tenerife is another great spot for enriching stargazing experiences.
where Manrique lived in his final years.
Planning tip: If the master’s residences pique your interest in his work, Manrique left works all over the Canaries, including the soaring Mirador de la Peña in El Hierro and the Parque Marítimo César Manrique pool complex in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
which was founded by a marine biologist.
Southern Gran Canaria is another beach hotspot, especially Maspalomas
whose rolling dunes make up a protected 400-hectare (162-acre) nature reserve opening onto a 3km-long (2-mile-long) swath of honey-colored
Follow marked paths through the dunes to discover palm-studded oases
ospreys and other birds at La Charca lagoon.
Check online for current shows; the space itself – with its light-flooded library – is worth visiting at any time.
Santa Cruz also has the archipelago’s liveliest street-art scene
with particularly vibrant works adorning the Puente Serrador near the TEA and old-town streets like Calle Castillo and Calle Pi y Margall.
The Canary Islands escaped the 19th-century phylloxera that swept through other European vineyards
Atlantic-influenced wines here are largely produced from grape varieties that are both local and ancient
Vines were first planted in Tenerife back in the 15th century – and today the island rivals Lanzarote as the archipelago’s top wine-making island
El Hierro has started making a name for itself on Spain’s wine map
during which you’ll learn all about the unique growing techniques adapted to the extreme landscapes
These include the cordón trenzado (plaited cord) in mountainous northern Tenerife
and Lanzarote’s famous circular vines planted in volcanic-ash pits.
Planning tip: While many large-scale wineries have drop-in tours and tasting sessions, it’s always best to book ahead for smaller vineyards. Wine Tours Lanzarote and Tenerife Wine Experience run superb bodega-hopping tours.
(Climb the towers for knockout views.)
Then there’s the blossoming food scene, packed with innovative flavors and local produce, anywhere from plaza-view tapas bars to Michelin Green Star kitchen Muxgo. Playa de las Canteras
is up there with Spain’s loveliest urban beaches
lagoon-like waters and a buzzy promenade.
If you only have time for one thing in low-key La Gomera, head straight to the ethereal national park that crowns the island. The 40-sq-km (15.5-sq-mile), UNESCO-listed Parque Nacional de Garajonay protects around half of the Canaries’s ancient laurisilva
whether you choose to tackle a short but wonderfully scenic walk to the Alto de Garajonay (the island’s highest point at 1484m / 4869ft) or descend through verdant canyons to colorful villages like Hermigua.
Just outside the national park’s southern boundary, Casa Efigenia is one of the best places in the Canary Islands to sample traditional cuisine.
Planning tip: While it’s perfectly possible to visit La Gomera on a day trip from Los Cristianos in Tenerife (the ferry across takes 50 minutes)
this charmingly slow-going island rewards longer stays
Detour: Further west, Santa Cruz de la Palma (La Palma’s laid-back capital) also counts among the Canaries’ most beautiful and architecture-rich cities
bursting with flower-filled wooden balconies and cobbled squares.
The smallest, westernmost and least-visited of the seven main Canary Islands combines rural charm, an offbeat bohemian energy and an entrancing lava-shaped landscape. All of which makes El Hierro one of the most rewarding places for quiet hikes anywhere in the Canaries
Even better: most of its trails can be walked within a day.
The best way to soak it all up is by tackling the 27km-long (17-mile-long) Camino de la Virgen (or at least part of it): the trail tracks across the entire island
from the windswept La Dehesa region to the capital Valverde via eerie cloud forests
The trail (allow eight hours) follows the route of El Hierro’s most-loved fiesta
which has been held every five years since the mid 18th century.
Planning tip: The best months for hiking in El Hierro are October to December and March to May.
Sometimes called the “Hawaii of Europe,” the Canary Islands rank among the continent’s top spots for surfing. Easily the most-loved surf destinations are El Cotillo and Corralejo in northern Fuerteventura, Famara in northern Lanzarote and Playa de las Américas in southern Tenerife
Kitesurfing and windsurfing are big on all three islands
and even La Palma is becoming popular for water sports.
Many of the famous surf hubs in the Canaries are best suited to those with some experience
but there are also plenty of beginner-friendly courses and camps (often with accommodation included)
Local surfers recommend winter (November to March) as the best season to ride the waves.
try kayaking and paddle boarding along the craggy coast on any island.
A series of important archaeological sites scattered across the islands sheds light on the cultures of their Indigenous pre-conquest communities. For many experts, Gran Canaria’s Cueva Pintada
colorful geometric paintings that decorate the cave’s walls
It is believed that these complex shapes crafted from natural dyes could possibly be connected to lunar and solar calendars of some kind
Much more off the beaten track are the superbly preserved petroglyphs etched into lava flows by the Bimbaches at remote El Julan
which can only be reached by pre-booked guided hike or 4WD tour.
Since the islands’ remote location made self-sufficiency essential
a wave of modern-day artisans are sharing their skills with anyone keen to learn the secrets behind the archipelago’s most curious traditions
from pottery-making to embroidery to basketry.
In Lanzarote, you can pick up original Canaries-inspired ceramics and meet their makers in the tiny northern village of Teseguite, or join a ceramics-making class at Tinajo-based Timijota Studio, which also has a second outpost in Tenerife. Over in La Gomera, discover how Canarian palm-leaf baskets are crafted with Gomera Corazón Verde.
The whole place revolves around a miles-wide caldera you can ogle at both from lofty lookout points and out on the trails.
Routes around the park range from short scenic loops to strenuous full-day hikes taking in the Roque de los Muchachos. Our favorite time to hit the hiking trails is spring
the tiniest of the Canaries only became the official eighth island in 2018
So it is no surprise that secluded Isla Graciosa is still one of the archipelago’s most magical places for refreshingly go-slow beach escapes
The entire island is part of the Chinijo Archipelago and sits within a wider nature reserve
Simply catching the half-hour ferry across from Órzola in Lanzarote (the only way to get here) is a thrill
with views of Lanzarote’s cascading 600m-high (1969ft-high) Famara cliffs dazzling as the journey trundles on
A day trip to Isla Graciosa is best enjoyed by hiking or cycling out from the sandy-floored “capital” of Caleta de Sebo to untouched golden beaches backed by stark volcanic cones
We love peaceful Playa de La Francesa (with great snorkeling) and wild Playas de Las Conchas (where swimming isn’t advised)
the Canary Islands burst with fabulous beaches
Yet some of the region’s most memorable attractions are its glittery natural pools
these rocky visions of turquoise and cobalt were created largely by past eruptions
and now fill up with water from the swirling Atlantic Ocean according to the tides
Some feel almost like calm little lagoons; others have been lightly developed as sprawling swimming pools
where you’ll often be joining a local crowd doing laps.
Punta Mujeres in Lanzarote, La Maceta in El Hierro
and anywhere along Gran Canaria’s north coast are all blissful places to jump in.
Planning tip: Always check the tides before heading to a natural pool
as it can be dangerous to swim at high tide.
Most Canarian towns have a weekly fresh-produce market
which is as much a lively local event as a place to stock up on ingredients
Stalls are typically crammed with goodies sourced from the immediate region
often from small-scale producers on the island itself
Drop in to soak up the atmosphere and pick up beloved Canarian ingredients like palm honey
almogrote and locally grown bananas.
In the bigger cities, you’ll find fun permanent markets open most days. Don’t miss Santa Cruz de Tenerife’s wonderful, 1940s Mercado de Nuestra Señora de África
with whimsical Moorish-inspired architecture
Planning tip: They say the Canary Islands consume more cheese per person each year than anywhere else in Spain. You can meet cheese-makers on visits to queserías like Montesdeoca in Tenerife and La Casa del Queso Cabrera Pérez in Fuerteventura
Planning tip: Most experts rank October as the best month for diving in the Canary Islands.
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The port is filled with cute cobbled streets and a scattering of cafes
Traffic can be busy around the immediate port area
There's beauty to be found in port and further out for those looking to explore the island's volcanic terrain
The port is unpretentious and uncommercialized
which is a nice way of saying there's no reason to hang around
Traffic is busy as you walk into Santa Cruz from the port gates; you need to cross several junctions
On Foot: Most ships offer free shuttle buses from the small cruise terminal to the main port gates; from there
it is a five-minute stroll into town.By Bus: Buses operate around the island from Avenida de Bajamar
you can buy a return ticket to the nearest beach
By Taxi: Taxis are a good way to travel on the island
A taxi from the port (just outside the terminal) to the beach costs around 20 euros one way -- this is more reliable than buses if you're on a tight schedule
depending on your negotiation skills (establish the fare in advance)
By Car: If your ship is in port for a long time
you could consider hiring a car at Autos la Palma on Avenida Maritima
It's not recommended on a short cruise call because the roads are winding
See www.oanda.com or www.xe.com for conversion rates
and many residents speak at least a smattering of English
but it could be worth investing in a phrase book if you're heading off on your own
You'll disembark at the port of Santa Cruz
Other reviews are unduly negative - in my opinion
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the most north-westerly island of Spain’s Canary Islands
is preparing to host the fourth edition of the KOS Xtreme Triathlon on May 31
The event is organized by Beyond Xtreme Limits (BXL) and supported by Breña Alta City Council and La Palma Island Council
The event motto ‘from the ocean to the stars’ (Spanish: ‘desde el océano a hasta las estrellas’) highlights the route of the event
where triathletes swim in the ocean and ride their bikes to the mountains
and then run between telescopes at one of the world’s premier astronomical observatories
The route combines 2km of swimming in the North Atlantic Ocean
42km of cycling with 2,500m of elevation gain and a final 10km run with an elevation gain of 490m
KOS Xtreme Triathlon culminates at the Roque de Los Muchachos at 2426m above sea level
next year’s event is part of of the Canary Islands Cup
which adds an additional attraction for local and international competitors
Race Director Rafael Matos Santos said “Throughout their lives
endurance athletes push their bodies to the limit to prove to themselves that they are capable of achieving their goals
“Very few athletes have gone from the ocean to the stars and crossed the finish line
KOS Xtreme Triathlon exists because we love triathlon and we want you to be able to experience something different in a unique environment on the planet
pushing your limits and adding one more achievement in your life.”
Previous event editions have brought together athletes from different nationalities representing countries such as Spain
La Palma Airport is served by regional airlines (Binter Canarias and CanarFly) and various international airlines
with flights to and from Tenerife and Gran Canaria
There is also a ferry service between the city of Santa Cruz de La Palma and the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria
www.kosxtremetri.com
2025 /PRNewswire/ -- STARMUS La Palma has announced the first round of artists and the program structure for its festival
This event will bring together an impressive lineup of musicians
focusing on the protection of the sky from pollution and space debris
The musical lineup includes the STARMUS All Stars
a rock ensemble featuring legends like Glenn Hughes
and Dino Jelusick; the Oscar and 15 Grammy award-winning composer and singer Jorge Drexler
and the Spanish pop-rock band Efecto Pasillo
The festival will also host a stellar panel of speakers
including renowned ethologist Jane Goodall
founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and UN Messenger of Peace
and eight Nobel Laureates such as John Mather
along with world-class experts in technology
and AI and cybersecurity experts Bernhard Scholkopf and Chema Alonso
The program structure includes several key components
The 'Sonic Universe' concert on April 26 will feature performances by the STARMUS All Stars
Opening acts will include the innovative Chilean Astro-Pop band FLANGR
will showcase distinguished artists such as Montserrat Martí
These performances will take place in Santa Cruz de La Palma and will feature a blend of operatic and classical music
STARMUS La Palma will also introduce two STARMUS Camps
located in Santa Cruz and Los Llanos de Aridane
offering a full four-day program of activities
The Expo Zone will host a variety of exhibitors
the Jane Goodall Institute and ITER while the Stage Zone will feature lectures
The Keynote lectures will be held in Puerto Naos on April 25
These lectures will cover a wide range of topics
with a particular focus on the protection of the skies
STARMUS La Palma will feature an educational initiative called "Interscholar by STARMUS," designed to inspire Canarian primary and secondary school students
students will engage in activities and workshops led by ambassadors such as the great science communicator Javier Santaolalla
This project aims to spark curiosity and deepen students' understanding of scientific concepts through a blend of music
The entire festival will be free to attend
and the full schedule of events will be unveiled on the STARMUS website in the coming weeks
Media Contact details: Brezo Rodríguez, +34 678255196, brezo@starmus.com; press@starmus.com
STARMUS La Palma: https://starmus.com/p/starmus-la-palma
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The Aida Cosma cruise ship made a significant stopover yesterday (Monday) when it docked at the Port of Santa Cruz de La Palma
marking a historic milestone as the largest vessel by tonnage ever to visit there
brought with it an impressive complement of 5,809 passengers and 1,405 crew members
Its next destination is Santa Cruz de Tenerife
which it departed for at 10:00pm last night
the Aida Cosma surpasses the previous record held by the Freedom of the Seas
Gross tonnage is a measure of a ship's capacity
encompassing the total volume of all its interior spaces
The Aida Cosma’s arrival highlights Santa Cruz de La Palma’s growing capacity to accommodate larger and more modern ships
enhancing its appeal as a destination for luxury cruises
drawing thousands of visitors and boosting the local economy
Adding to the bustling activity at the port
This smaller vessel arrived with 128 passengers and 73 crew members on board
further demonstrating the port's ability to handle multiple cruise liners simultaneously
situated in La Palma in the Canary Islands
started to spew hot lava and ash on 19 September 2021
the area of Cumbre Vieja and the villages of El Paso and Los Llanos de Aridane had to be evacuated
the island had been on high alert after more than 22,000 tremors had been reported in the area
Lava continues to flow in the aftermath of the island's first volcanic eruption in 20 years
destroying hundreds of property and forcing the evacuation of over 5,500 people
We bring you the story of the eruption and subsequent destruction in our special image gallery:
More galleries from BBC Science Focus Magazine here:
In a nod to the Canary Islands, Primark has launched a special sweatshirt dedicated to Santa Cruz de La Palma as part of its latest collection. The design, which features palm trees, waves, and a setting sun in soft blue and red tones, celebrates the charm of this insular capital.
Even the city's mayor, Asier Antona, shared the design on social media, proudly asking: “What do you think about Primark releasing this sweatshirt about Santa Cruz de La Palma? It's amazing, we’re trending!”
Primark, with four stores in the Canary Islands - two in Gran Canaria, one in Tenerife, and one in Lanzarote - where residents can purchase the sweater, a symbolic tribute to a city known for its natural beauty but often confused with other destinations in Gran Canaria (Las Palmas) and Mallorca (Palma).
With 56 stores in Spain, Primark continues to increase its presence, showcasing cities from around the world in its fashion collections—and now, Santa Cruz de La Palma joins the ranks of Paris, London, and New York!
The Independent's journalism is supported by our readers
When you purchase through links on our site
Here’s how to enjoy the best of the warm temperatures
volcanic peaks and Atlantic shallows that the cluster of Canaries has to offer
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An archipelago of eight sun-drenched islands 100 miles off the north west shoulder of Africa make up the Canaries on the Atlantic Ocean
Chiefly celebrated for year-round vitamin D and playas that rival the Balearics
on these Spanish islands natural landscapes transcend even the bright lights of their coastal resorts
the Canary Islands offer endless active pursuits
beaches to bathe and cultural adventures to cement their popular position as the place to get away for Brits
Whether tucking into elevated plates of tapas, hiking steep lava fields or doing some serious stargazing, the Canaries masterfully balance budget travel with Michelin-quality luxury for trips that are sure to surprise you
From holiday hotspot Lanzarote to under-the-radar La Gomera, here’s where to find getaways on the Canary Islands, just a four-hour flight from the UK
Read more: This Canary Island resort is a haven for active travellers – and surprisingly good for toddlers too
Tenerife is sandwiched between the Sahara and the Atlantic, with tropical forest trails in Parque Nacional Las Cañadas del Teide, journeys into the arteries of a dormant volcano, Mount Teide and Europe’s first Whale Heritage Site
All can be explored during four seasons of sun
Though well-catered for budget-friendly package holidays, the Canary island disputes its sour rep as a cheap spot primed for British pubs and associated tomfoolery with its leafy canopy and wild west coast – both relatively untouched by tourism. It’s also the ideal spot to see the stars, with clear skies, clean air and high altitudes. Tenerife knows how to attract Brits
with golden sands imported from Western Sahara for sprawling beach fronts
which remains open throughout winter for sun-seekers visiting the largest of the Canaries
Read more: Best luxury Tenerife hotels and family-friendly stays
Royal Hideaway Corales Suites offers a home-from-home for holidaymakers in the fishing village of La Caleta
three heated saltwater pools and Michelin-starred restaurant El Rincón de Juan Carlos – all designed by local architect Leonardo Omar to mimic a sea cave
Read more: Best budget-friendly hotels in Tenerife for families, solo travellers and couples
Known as the “miniature continent” for its contrast of volcanic calderas, urban beaches and imposing heights, Gran Canaria sits in the centre of the Canary Islands archipelago
Black and white southern sands dot Playa del Inglés
and the stylish Meloneras waterfront offers an oasis for holidaymakers shopping
Active travellers can tackle the 75km Gran Canaria Camino path which stretches coast-to-coast from Maspalomas in the south to Santiago de los Caballeros in the north
crossing dunes and lush forest as they tread the diameter of this circular island
Enviable temperatures (average daily highs of 24C) and fresh banana snacks are sure to help with the journey
Santa Catalina, a Royal Hideaway Hotel, is a hotel dating back to 1890
built in Santa Catalina’s distinctive pink
It’s just a short stroll from the old town
Neoclassical rooms feature wooden balconies
ambient lighting and comfortable beds for some R&R before tucking into an extravagant breakfast buffet
Read more: The Canary Island you might not have thought of for wine – and running
With clear, shallow waters, palm-lined promenades and rows of parasols, Lanzarote has smartened up its image from tacky tourist hotspot to luxury travel destination
Famed as the most popular Canary for holidaymakers
pristine beaches and well-equipped resorts awash with international restaurants now sit below the island's dramatic mountains
Visit Papagayo Beach on the island’s southern tip for a tan top-up by emerald waters, or tour Timanfaya National Park's lunar landscapes for otherwordly views of the entire island. Playa Blanca, Puerto del Carmen and Costa Teguise are ideal for families visiting the usually rain-free isle, but hidden in rural whitewashed villages are the jewels in Lanzarote’s crown
country bodegas and the vineyard belt of La Geria
tourists are attracted to the lava field landscape
benign inland climate and sparkling coastline
H10 Rubicón Palace
is a family-friendly resort with five different dining venues
spacious suites to sleep your whole clan and a village atmosphere
multi-sports courts and themed meals greet guests heading for this white sand stretch of Lanzarote
Read more: The best beaches in Lanzarote
Travellers flock to the coast of the Canary's oldest island, Fuerteventura
miles of golden sand blessed with breaks and swells for riding the waves is coupled with a relaxed vibe to match the surf scene
Sotavento Beach’s 9km stretch is a hub of wind and kite surfing
while famous north shore breaks in chic Corralejo are hailed as Europe’s answer to Hawaii for surfing
Beneath the volcanic mountains, the hills are scattered with traditional windmills, Aztec-inspired churches and ochre colonial mansions. Think kitesurfing, buggy driving and mountain hikes to volcanic wine cellars on a Fuerteventura holiday
If stylish boutique hotels accented with white and blue, a sheltered beach and a classic Spanish restaurant are what you desire from a Fuerteventura holiday, then the Avanti Lifestyle Hotel should fit the bill
14 terraced bedrooms are available for adults to kick back in Corralejo after days spent diving into watersports
The isle bonita – the “pretty island” – of La Palma is a subtropical paradise marked by lava scars from its active Tajogaite volcano
Since its last eruption devastated Palermos in 2021
the ashy shore has found its place in the archipelago’s tourism arena with seismic volcano-themed tours and cruises around its corrugated coast
The lushest of the Canaries, La Palma is considered one of the world’s steepest islands. This naturally diverse destination is best appreciated on foot, with high-altitude hiking on La Palma’s central peaks the activity du jour
rather than shoreside lounging or living it up in the nightclubs of Tenerife or Lanzarote
a small resort near the island’s attractive capital Santa Cruz de La Palma
shallow bays and bistros serving papas bonitas (wrinkled potatoes with Canarian mojo verde sauce) for an authentic taste of this palatable island
Hotel San Telmo in Santa Cruz de La Palma features charming 17th-century decor with 21st-century comforts and it’s ideally situated for a countryside hike
Reading in the garden solarium and feasting on freshly prepared bread at breakfast are also on the itinerary for guests
and a hiker’s dream for a winter walking holiday
the “little sister” to Tenerife (which is a 50-minute boat ride away) packs a punch with its breathtaking range of scenery
The gorges are so steep on the island that the El Silbo whistling language developed on La Gomera so farmers could communicate across its deep ravines
The island is studded with palms on its west coast
lush green valleys and fruit plantations in the north
and hiking trails through the misty Garajonay National Park
This Canary is also becoming something of a foodie hotspot
with goat cheese and dried figs drizzled with palm honey and cazuela
Exceptional local fish offerings include sama
while terraced vineyards surrounding Vallehermoso and Hermigua are the perfect spot to wash down La Gomera delicacies with local grapes
The four-star Hotel Jardín Tecina offers an outdoor pool
hot tub and terraced rooms laid out like a traditional Canarian village
It’s just a short drive from world-class golf courses – and the tranquil flower gardens boast exceptional views of Mount Teide
The smallest and most remote Canary Island, El Hierro is a ferry or flight from Tenerife and was once viewed as the “end of Earth”
but this tiny island is scattered with dramatic volcanic deserts
aiding ambitions for self-sufficient energy
El Hierro’s unpolluted waters are a paradise for scuba divers
with the crystalline depths of Mar de Las Calmas attracting all manner of marine life
In the coastal villages of La Caleta and El Tamaduste
natural pools for swimming are backdropped by a rugged cliffside with holiday cottages nestled atop for panoramic views from the southernmost point of Spain
On land, activities include hiking, mountain biking and la lucha Canaria (Canarian wrestling)
while the quadrennial festival Bajada de la Virgen de los Reyes – an 18-mile pilgrimage winding the tracks of Valverde since 1741 – sees the Virgin of Los Reyes (the island’s patron saint) carried in a lively procession to the capital
On the coast of El Golfo Bay, Balneario Pozo de la Salud oozes calm
there’s a spa that features clinical and aesthetic treatments
plus sprawling sea views of the Atlantic from modern suites and the on-site restaurant
Read more: The best hotels in Tenerife for family-friendly holidays and luxury stays
The Canary Islands are bracing for the impact of Storm Olivier
which is expected to bring intense rainfall across the archipelago from this afternoon
According to the latest technical coordination meeting held this morning (Wednesday) by the regional authorities
the storm will begin affecting La Palma at 3:00pm
with rainfall possibly reaching up to 30 litres per square metre in just one hour
The storm will reach La Gomera and El Hierro around 6:00pm
where heavy downpours are anticipated later in the evening
Gran Canaria is expected to feel the effects from 9:00pm
and La Graciosa) will be impacted in the early hours of tomorrow
The Canary Islands Government has declared a full alert for rainfall and issued pre-alerts for risk of floods
Storm Olivier will cross the islands from west to east
driven by southerly winds that are forecast to intensify the downpours
a preceding weather front has already caused rainfall and lightning strikes over the sea between Gran Canaria
These early effects led to minor flooding in around 15 homes in Lanzarote
road debris and landslides on secondary roads in Gran Canaria
Flood Risk Areas Identified Across Islands
Authorities warn that most flood-prone zones across the archipelago will be affected
particularly in southwestern-facing municipalities
The following areas have been identified as high-risk zones for flooding:
The Directorate General of Emergencies urges residents to avoid travel unless absolutely necessary
Citizens are also advised not to use lifts during storms and to call 112 only in emergencies
people are warned not to approach areas struck by lightning or run through open spaces during electrical storms
Authorities stress the importance of taking all necessary precautions and following official guidance to ensure public safety as the storm moves through the islands
On his fifth visit since the Atlantic island was shaken by the Sept
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said that his government would pass new measures this week to help millions of euros in aid to reach those in need
Sánchez's government had already assigned 63 million euros ($73 million) in direct aid, with another 6 million euros ($7 million) for the local farming and fishing industries in the impacted area.
Though most of the island of 85,000 people off northwest Africa is unaffected by the eruption, part of the western side is facing an uncertain future.
The lava flows are still going strong over a month later, gobbling up more buildings and forming newly-born land where it has reached the sea. Locals are also feeling the toll of the nonstop roar from the volcano and the constant series of low-level earthquakes under their island.
About 7,500 residents have had to be evacuated from their homes in prompt action by authorities that has prevented the loss of any lives. Most have taken refuge with family or friends but around 430 people are in temporary lodgings provided by the local government.
The Canary Islands government is buying up empty apartments to house those whose homes have been demolished. It has also pledged to modify regulations to help rebuilding efforts once the eruption finally stops.
But the end is nowhere in sight, warned Canary Islands president Ángel Víctor Torres.
“We still have weeks ahead of us,” Torres said. “We are living through some very difficult times. (But) no resident of La Palma will have to leave the island to continue their lives.”
Metrics details
The eruption of the Tajogaite volcano began on the island of La Palma on September 19
This study aims to present the design and methodology of the ISVOLCAN (Health Impact on the Population of La Palma due to the Volcanic Eruption) cohort
as well as the preliminary findings from the first 1002 enrolled participants
A prospective cohort study was conducted with random selection of adult participants from the general population
with an estimated sample size of 2600 individuals
The results of the first 857 participants are presented
along with a group of 145 voluntary participants who served as interveners during the eruption
Data on epidemiology and volcano exposure were collected
and participants underwent physical examinations
and venous blood extraction for toxicological assessment
descriptive analysis revealed that the participants were mostly middle-aged individuals (50.8 ± 16.4)
the participants resided at a median distance of 6.7 km from the volcano in the Western region and 10.9 km in the Eastern region
Approximately 15.4% of the sample required evacuation
whose 34.8% returning to their homes on average after 3 months
A significant number of participants reported engaging in daily tasks involving cleaning of volcanic ash both indoors and outdoors
The most reported acute symptoms included ocular irritation
Multivariate analysis results show that participants in the western region had a higher likelihood of lower respiratory tract symptoms (OR 1.99; 95% CI:1.33–2.99)
depression and anxiety (OR 1.95; 95% CI:1.30–2.93)
The ongoing follow-up of the ISVOLCAN cohort will provide valuable insights into the short
and long-term health impact related to the material emitted during the Tajogaite eruption
based on the level of exposure suffered by the affected population
Few studies have assessed long-term chronic health effects
and the scarce longitudinal studies have methodological limitations due to the analysis of samples from hospitalized patients
low reliability of data sources in some countries
longitudinal studies with extended follow-up periods in the general population are needed to analyse the occurrence of deleterious medium to long-term effects
the ISVOLCAN study (Health Impact on the Population of La Palma caused by the Tajogaite Volcano Eruption) was started
This study involves the recruitment and follow-up of a cohort from the general adult population to assess the impact of the Tajogaite volcano eruption on the health of the population of the island
The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology of ISVOLCAN study and provide a preliminary analysis of the data obtained from the first 1002 enrolled participants
This is an observational epidemiological study
targeting the general adult population residing in multiple municipalities on La Palma Island
a group of volunteers from professional personnel with access to the exclusion zone or operations centre during the eruption (including civil protection workers
The study consists of two different stages: the first stage involved recruitment and baseline assessments conducted from 2022 to 2023
while the second phase will involve follow-up of the cohort at 2
The study has obtained authorization from the health authorities and received a favorable decision from the Provincial Ethics and Medicines Committee (ref
Participants were required to provide written consent before being included in the study
is the city with highest population density
The Canarian Public Health System provides healthcare to the entire population through a hospital and a network of primary care health centres throughout the island
The sample selection was conducted using a random
stratified approach based on age and gender groups
according to the 2020 municipal census data of the population residing in the western region (El Paso
The sample was drawn from the health card registry of the Canarian Health Service
which is continuously updated and includes all individuals above the age of 18 who were residents on the island during the eruption and provided informed consent to participate in the study
To ensure the achievement of the intended objectives
The sample sizes for each municipality in the western region were as follows: Los Llanos de Aridane: 820; El Paso: 405; Tazacorte: 305; Puntagorda: 205
the sample sizes were 505 for Santa Cruz de La Palma
Using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method
participants in the study also included members of various professional and volunteer groups involved in different tasks related to the eruption and who had access to the volcano’s exclusion zone or operations centre
Although access to these areas was controlled and followed safety and protection measures
we expected that these participants from the different groups were highly exposed during their workdays throughout the nearly four-month duration of the eruption
An initial sample size of 1207 persons was estimated (precision 3%
confidence level 95%) based on an expected prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms (the most frequently associated with such phenomena)
Considering an anticipated participation rate in this type of study of 60–70% and a dropout rate during follow-up exceeding 30%
the sample was increased to 2600 individuals
telephone contact with the selected sample started
Those who agreed to participate in the study were administered an epidemiological questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose
The questionnaire was completed by Primary Care professionals
participants were scheduled to visit the health centres in the two regions for physical examinations
and two separate blood pressure (separately by 10 min) were recorded
a venous blood sample of approximately 20 mL was collected
divided into 4 tubes (2 tubes for complete blood count and 2 tubes for biochemistry)
for the toxicological determination of persistent contaminants in whole blood and serum
The tubes for complete blood were stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C
while the biochemistry tubes were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10–15 min
and then allowed to rest for 20–25 min until clot retraction
the samples were transported to the Laboratory of the University Hospital of La Palma and finally stored at the Research Unit of the Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria in Tenerife at -80 °C for the sera and − 20 °C for the whole blood
primarily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
will be quantitatively determined due to their possible formation in eruptive processes and their known carcinogenic and teratogenic properties
the following will be determined: naphthalene
inorganic contaminants that may have been emitted in these eruptive processes will be quantified in whole blood
and Zn); (b) toxic elements listed in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) inventory
and V; (c) rare earth elements and other minor elements (Au
All these analyses will be performed using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for organic contaminants and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for inorganic contaminants
The determinations will be carried out in the Toxicology laboratories of the two public universities of the Canary Islands
each participant underwent forced spirometry to measure lung function following the recommendations by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV-1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)
Spirometry tests were conducted using a portable spirometer acquired specifically for this study (Sibelmed
Categorical variables will be presented with their distribution of absolute and relative frequencies
Quantitative variables that follow a normal distribution will be summarized using the mean and standard deviation (± SD)
while those that do not follow this distribution will be presented with the median and interquartile range (IQR)
participant home coordinates during the eruption were obtained using the geodist command in STATA
and elevation was obtained using the elevatr Statistical package in R
A comparison of the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics
variables related to the level of exposure during the eruption and previous comorbidities of the participants in the general population between the two regions (west and east) was performed
Comparisons of means between two regions were performed by Student’s t-test if the variables followed a normal distribution
or by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for asymmetric variables
multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the independent effect of the place of residence (west vs
east) on acute symptomatology during the eruption
Those variables considered to be of interest were introduced as adjustment variables
The crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) are presented together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Statistical significance was assumed as p < 0.05
Analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS 26.0® (SPSS Inc.
Preliminary results of the descriptive analysis are presented for the first 1002 participants: 857 participants from the ISVOLCAN cohort
representing the general adult population of La Palma Island
and 145 intervening personnel who accessed the exclusion zone during the eruption
Flowchart of the ISVOLCAN study cohort until December 31
Table 1 describes the sociodemographic characteristics of the analysed sample from the general population
and 20.8% of the sample were unemployed before the eruption; a similar situation was found in the two regions
During the eruption 662 (77.2%) resided in the western region and 198 (22.8%) in the eastern region
The group of participants from the western region presented a higher percentage of women and a higher percentage of unemployed people significantly
In the interveners, the mean age was slightly younger (45.7 years (± 11.8)) with a predominance of males (supplemental Table 1)
Figure 2 shows the geolocation of the ISVOLCAN cohort based on the coordinates of participants addresses before and during the eruption in the general population. It can be observed that during the eruption, there was a displacement of residents from the Valle de Aridane area to other parts of the island.
Place of residence of ISVOLCAN cohort participants: (a) before and (b) during Tajogaite volcano eruption
Characteristics related to exposure during the volcanic eruption in general population are described in Table 2
The median distance from participants residence to the volcano during the eruption was 7.1 km (IQR:6.1–9.3); for the western region
Most of the population in the sample engaged in cleaning up volcanic ash
using tools with a high capacity for particle projection
85% of the general population always used masks when outdoors
it found that the location of the usual residence with less distance to the volcano and higher altitude
a more frequent cleaning of volcanic ash both inside and outside the homes and a more daily hours spent in outdoor environments were registered between participants from western region compared to those from the eastern one
The frequency of use of face masks and protective eyeglasses in outdoor environments did not differ between the two regions
The intervining group showed a similar distribution to the general population regarding variables related to volcanic ash cleaning (location
as well as mask usage frequency and type in outdoor environments (supplemental Table 2)
Table 3 shows baseline characteristics in general population related to lifestyle and pre-existing comorbidities before the eruption and use of healthcare resources and acute symptoms reported by participants during the eruption
The most prevalent pre-eruption comorbidities included blood hypertension (24.3%)
The most frequently reported acute symptoms by the general population were eye irritation (45.9%)
12.1% of the sample reported having an emergency visit at a hospital or primary care centres
The main reason for primary care visits was anxiety or depression
while hospital emergency visits were mainly due to osteomuscular traumas
Only 1.8% of the participants reported being hospitalized during the eruption
with surgical intervention being the primary reason
Participants from the western region compared to those from the eastern one were
the acute symptoms reported during the eruption were like those of the general population
as well as the utilization of healthcare services
the percentage of hospitalizations was lower in this group (supplemental Table 3)
Table 4 shows the adjusted and unadjusted effect of region of residence during the volcano eruption (west/east) in general population on each of the most prevalent acute symptoms that showed statistically significant differences between the two regions
daily hours in outdoor environments and type of smoker were entered as adjustment variables in all multivariate models
for the acute symptom lower respiratory tract symptoms
we adjusted for having suffered from any respiratory infection (influenza
COVID 19 or cold) during the months of the volcano eruption
Adjusted multivariate analysis results show that participants in the western region had a higher likelihood of lower respiratory tract symptoms (OR 1.99; 95% CI:1.33–2.99)
depression and anxiety (OR 1.95; 95% CI:1.30–2.93) and insomnia (OR 2.03; 95% CI:1.33–3.09)
This article presents the methodology of the ISVOLCAN study
as well as a descriptive analysis of the baseline characteristics of the first 1002 participants (857 participants from the general adult population of La Palma Island
After the initial telephone contact was established with the selected individuals from the general population of the island
an initial response rate of 36.4% was observed
Although a higher participation rate was expected
the conditions of uncertainty and vulnerability experienced by the population immediately after the eruption was extinguished and during the subsequent months
part of the evacuated population was still displaced or involved in bureaucratic and administrative procedures related to the disaster
epidemiological data for each participant were collected through a health questionnaire
Analysis of this data revealed that the participants had a mean age within the working-age range
with a predominance of women and most individuals who had completed secondary education
The recruited population mainly resided in the municipalities affected by the volcano
with the highest number of displacements during the eruption occurring among the inhabitants of Los Llanos de Aridane
which coincided with the movement of the lava flows
it was observed that they were younger and predominantly male
reflecting the male dominance in certain professions related to the field of public safety
the local population resided much closer to the eruption at the time compared to other mentioned populations
there are no published studies that analyze the potential effects of degassing exposure on the population of La Palma
due to the recommendations of authorities and scientists
as well as the activation of volcanic emergency protocols
the integrity of the population was successfully safeguarded
it is reasonable to assume that the displacements of the evacuated population during the eruption could have had an impact on their health
the island’s population received daily information about the necessary preventive measures in each municipality
based on air quality and the evolution of volcanic ash
In the case of our sample from the general population
and less than half of the evacuated individuals returned to their usual homes after an average of approximately 3 months
nearly half of the individuals reported insomnia and symptoms indicative of mood disorders
those who had to undergo evacuation displayed a higher incidence of these symptoms
The eruption caused significant disruptions in the daily routines of the population in specific municipalities
especially those directly affected by evacuation orders
The elevated prevalence of anxiety and depression can be related to several factors
including increased work demands during the eruption and the uncertainty concerning personal health
given the substantial number of seismic events and the explosive nature of the eruption
it is plausible that these anxiety-related symptoms contributed to the substantial percentage of reported insomnia among the affected population
studies focused on monitoring toxin levels in populations affected by eruptions are limited
primarily due to the challenge of simultaneously quantifying these inorganic toxins in blood samples collected from affected individuals
the necessary analytical methods are mostly expensive
limiting their inclusion into epidemiological studies
as experts in toxicological analysis of both major inorganic and organic pollutants
is presently conducting determinations using venous blood samples from study participants
which is exacerbated in our case by logistical difficulties inherent in a fragmented territory like the Canary Islands
limiting the transfer of biological samples and human or material resources between islands
while the participants were randomly selected from the general population
there may exist a selection bias if those who chose not to participate had some differential characteristics (e.g.
which could limit the detection of certain relevant associations
the epidemiological data relies on self-reporting by the participants
which could introduce information biases affecting the validity of the results
the high percentage of losses during follow-up
several methodological strategies have been implemented
The sample size was increased to more than double the initial estimate
that is why recruitment and inclusion of participants are ongoing at this moment
data collection started as soon as possible after the eruption was finished
carried out by personnel specially trained to ensure rigor and thoroughness in the process
following the recommendations of the IVHHN regarding epidemiological data records for such phenomena
the data undergo rigorous quality control and verification processes
Given that the data come from a randomized sample of the general population of the island
this study will allow for the detection of causal associations
It is worth noting that the inclusion of interveners in the ISVOLCAN cohort provides a significant area of study since they can be considered as individuals with high prior exposure
The ISVOLCAN study has been meticulously designed as a 10-year follow-up study aimed at assessing the medium to long-term health impact on the adult general population of La Palma Island following the recent eruption of the Tajogaite volcano
Despite currently being in a recruitment phase
the study has successfully completed several stages of biological sample collection and biomedical data gathering
Once the baseline measurements are finalized and toxicological determinations are conducted
data from over 2000 individuals with varying levels of exposure during the eruption are expected to be obtained
in our knowledge this study is the first to publish data related to the short-term health impact on the population of La Palma following the eruption of the Tajogaite volcano
The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
International Volcanic Health Hazard Network
Primarily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
An Improved Global Analysis of Population Distribution in proximity to active volcanoes
Impact of the 2021 La Palma volcanic eruption on air quality: insights from a multidisciplinary approach
The respiratory health hazards of volcanic ash: a review for volcanic risk mitigation
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Volcanic air pollution and human health: recent advances and future directions
Respiratory health effects of volcanic ash with special reference to Iceland
Increased mortality of respiratory diseases
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Health effects following the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption: a cohort study
Volcanic Ash and Daily Mortality in Sweden after the Icelandic volcano eruption of May 2011
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Download references
The authors give special thanks to Marta Rodríguez Pérez for her invaluable contribution in the technical support of this study
She has managed the contacts with selected persons and scheduled participants
She also designed all the electronic documents to recording data from the participants and has carried out the data quality control of the database of the cohort
Many thanks too to the Primary Care health staff of La Palma
for their help to disseminate the study and to administer epidemiological questionnaires to the participants
Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC: ST22/07)
University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria and Primary Care Authority of Tenerife
Ignacio García Talavera & Antonio Cabrera de León
Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)
University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC)
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn)
María Carmen Daranas Aguilar & Luis Vizcaíno Gangotena
University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria.
Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL)
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE)
Study recruitment and sample processing: A.D.A.P
Acquisition of epidemiological data: M.C.R.P
Complete data curation and analysed: M.C.R.P
All authors revised and approved the final manuscript
The authors declare no competing interests
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material
unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01056-4
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Standing above the clouds and taking in the dramatic rock formations and giant
I tell my friend Jeremy – who I met just three days ago – that I think this must be what Mars looks like
We are 2,400m above sea level at the Roque de los Muchachos viewpoint in La Palma on the Canary Islands
which gives a breathtaking panoramic view of a giant 1,500m-deep volcanic crater
covered with trees and stunning volcanic rock formations
As the sun begins to set, our tour guide hands out glasses of red wine to our group of 20 and we all watch in awe as one of the most dramatic sunsets I’ve ever seen descends over the clouds, leaving a clear night sky that’s perfect for stargazing
This 5 1/2-hour tour costs from £47 per person (Lapalmatransfer.com)
Driving down the steep
we pass one of the main attractions on the island
a complex of telescopes and observatories and a UNESCO Astronomy Heritage Site
our group admires the stars before we get the chance to spy the planet Venus and jaw-dropping particles of stardust
It’s easy to see why this island is known as Isla de las Estrellas – island of the stars
It’s also one of the least crowded and most unspoiled, and has been declared by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve – a protected area meant for the conservation of plants and animals
the group meets every day to eat breakfast together
before reuniting in the hotel bar at 7pm for dinner
It’s nice that there’s always somebody to chat to – Londoner Jeremy is a real giggle – and as we’re staying all-inclusive at the H10 Taburiente Playa resort, there’s no awkwardness splitting bills or wondering if it’s your round.
A few of us decide to join The Big Island Tour for a full day’s exploring
we get an unbeatable view of the vast valley of Aridane
covered in banana plantations and cut by the deep gorge of Las Angustias
The Caldera de Taburiente National Park is also beautiful
It’s located in the centre of La Palma and is an 8km-wide crater
lava flows and expansive black ash left by the volcanic eruption of Volcán de Cumbre Vieja three years ago
Full-day tours cost from £43 per person and are bookable through the hotel
One morning, another small group of us make the scenic hour’s walk into the island’s capital of Santa Cruz, located on the east coast and known for its centuries-old architecture
I opt for a spot of alfresco dining at Habana Cafe
prove tasty and filling (Instagram.com/habanalapalma)
serves up an excellent cappuccino (Elcafededonmanuel.com)
before I hop on the 20-minute bus back to base
We also venture to the west coast to visit Los Llanos
which sits on a fertile plain between banana plantations and avocado
it’s only a 30-minute drive and costs little more than £2 each way
Los Llanos has a buzzy atmosphere and we spend the afternoon sipping coffee
people-watching and snapping colourful street art
coffee with Licor 43 at Frida cafe on Calle del Medio
We’ve since met up for dinner and plan to catch up again to discuss future travel plans
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Armstrong Williams takes on the news of the week and asks the questions you want answered. Don’t miss our weekly town hall.
Scientists: Spanish volcano has entered 'low activity' phaseby DANIEL ROCA and ARITZ PARRA | Associated Press
although scientists warned that it was too early to declare the eruption phase finished and authorities ordered residents to stay indoors to avoid the unhealthy fumes from lava meeting sea waters
The plume of ash emerging from the main vent that opened on Sept
live footage of the Cumbre Vieja range in the La Palma island broadcasted by the public Canary Islands Television showed
But the column of ash and volcanic material returned after a two-hour hiatus
"The volcano of La Palma has entered in a phase of lower activity," the Madrid-based Institute of Geosciences
"Let's see how it evolves in the coming hours."
The archipelago's volcanology institute published graphs showing a sharp decline in seismic activity in the area
"In the last hours the volcanic tremor has almost disappeared
as well as the strombolian explosive activity," Involcan said on Twitter
But the institute had to follow later with another post announcing that
"the re-emission of lava in the main cone is also confirmed."
Experts were also on alert as the swarm of quakes that preceded and accompanied Spain's first volcanic eruption on land in half a century moved south
with more activity detected in the island's Fuencaliente area
Spain's National Geographic Institute said
the island's authorities advised residents in four neighborhoods to remain indoors to avoid toxic gases that could be released as a result of lava at more than 1,000 degrees Celsius (1,830 Fahrenheit) meeting Atlantic Ocean water at a temperature of around 20 degrees Celsius
Scientists say that the thermal shock results in the release of water vapor plumes loaded with hydrochloric acid and tiny particles of volcanic glass that can cause skin
Shopkeepers and residents were also sweeping the layer of ash that had fallen over the island's capital
after winds dispersed the volcano's cloud the day before
The speed of the flow had increased since Sunday as a result of more fluid lava descending down a sharp slope toward cliffs onto the sea
The flow was some 800 meters from reaching the water early on Monday
More than 230 hectares have been buried by the lava
which has destroyed over 18 kilometers of roads
the EU's satellite monitoring service
as well as irrigation infrastructure for the island's banana plantations
which provide nearly one-third of the island's jobs
No fatalities or serious injuries have been reported since the volcano's eruption
The island is roughly 35 kilometers (22 miles) long and 20 kilometers (12 miles) wide at its broadest point
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It is difficult to deny that there are many similarities between Hawaii's Big Island and La Palma
Spain despite 14,000 kilometers of sea between them
Both of these islands were created by volcanic activity thousands of years ago
Both feature an amazing range of climate zones and stunning natural backdrops
and the two landmasses are world renowned for their astronomical observatories
Hawaii’s Big Island is a household name for triathletes and sport enthusiasts everywhere
the fifth largest of the seven main Canary Islands
is not well known within the endurance sport scene
runners and cyclists venture to the nearby islands of Gran Canaria
But La Palma is a jewel in its own right when it comes to training
Throughout the Christmas and New Year holidays
we spent a couple of weeks training around La Palma and were amazed by the raw beauty and plentiful training opportunities
Some other training destinations feature tourist attractions and lots of extras
Not many huge hotels or training resorts can be found here
old-style guesthouses and a range of rental houses are on offer
Mass tourism has not yet taken over this traditional spot
evidenced by the tranquil island vibe that can be felt just about everywhere on the La Isla Bonita
Few airlines serve the airport of Santa Cruz de la Palma directly (not to be confused with Santa Cruz de Tenerife!)
Gran Canaria or mainland Spain hubs Madrid and Barcelona
There are a few direct flights offered from Belgium
this little Spanish volcanic island holds much for triathletes to explore and experience
It is difficult to find many good training pools the island
but it is even harder not to plunge in the striking Atlantic sea which offers several great spots for open water drills
Local athletes commonly train beside the Santa Cruz marina as it features numerous buoys
La Palma is not an island well-known for its beaches because of the many harsh volcanic cliffs around the coastline
beaches can be found and we had proper session in the Atlantic Ocean every day
There is a charming 50-meter open air pool above the city of Santa Cruz
The pool is located in the sports complex “Ciudad Deportiva Miraflores”
Properly it is one of the most stunning pools you ever swam
Despite the prominent location of the complex and the beautiful vistas
Triathletes should be aware that La Palma is not an ideal place for smooth base miles
But the biking is still exceptional – the main roads as well as the smaller streets are in great condition and the little alleys are magical
But there are very few flat places to ride so you will need some base fitness to fully appreciate and enjoy cycling on La Palma
none of the streets are crowded and traffic is very easy going
Infinitesimal roads wind across the terrain
and the ascent to the island's highest point
there is also an immense variety of off-road paths to explore
It is difficult to choose which bike I would take to the island
La Palma is well liked by hikers and trail-runners for its massive network of exciting and varied paths
The trail running scene is rapidly developing here
and the hard-hitting “Transvulcania” ultra marathon crosses the island each year
The 73.3 kilometer competition is part of the global Skyrunning series
and takes runners from all over the world through 4,415 meters of elevation gain
The rich nature paired with well-marked hiking trails is heaven for run training
runners should expect plenty of elevation changes
However because the local roads are not busy
the “Ciudad Deportiva Miraflores” not only features the pool that was mentioned earlier
but it also provides a perfect synthetic track that never seems to be crowded
but this is precisely what makes this spot so extraordinary and inimitable
This island brings you back to the essentials of the sport
This volcano rock has the shape of the island
We found it during one of many training runs alongside the “Ruta del los Volcano"
The trail is a part of the GR 131 long distance footpath that covers sections of the island
Humble wooden cabins like this can be rented all over the island
These simple huts are a smart base for a training camp on the Isla de la Palma
La Isla Bonita’s highest mountaintops reach over 2,400 m above sea level
and the base of the landmass is situated almost 4,000 m below sea level
The northern part of La Palma is dominated by the “Caldera de Taburiente”
with a width of 9 km and a depth of 1,500 m
Trails range all over the Caldera – a picture-perfect spot for running sessions
A hotspot for open water swim training – the Santa Cruz shoreline
Swimming in the open waters is easy with weather like this
this picture is not taken on Hawaii’s Manua Kea
Due to its location and the elevation of its mountains
is home to a number of international observatories
it is common to enter one side in complete cloud cover and find the other side flooded in sun
The 400m oval in the “Ciudad de Miraflores” complex is a stunner
It is hard to not get side-tracked during intervals
The outstanding 50 meter pool next to the track
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MSC Opera will run 7-night itineraries with six ports of call between November 3
The ship will depart from Santa Cruz de Tenerife and visit Las Palmas
The itinerary offers flexible embarkation options on specific days of the week
Extended stays in ports will allow cruisers more time to explore each destination fully
Las Palmas is the capital city of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands
Key attractions include Las Canteras beach
Highlights include Castillo de San Gabriel
Santa Cruz de Tenerife is famous for its carnival
Puerto del Rosario is the capital of Fuerteventura
It also serves as a gateway to Fuerteventura’s natural landscapes and sites
Santa Cruz de la Palma is the capital city of La Palma in the Canary Islands
featuring historical and natural attractions
RELATED: MSC CRUISES LAUNCHES ‘OPEN BOOKING’ PROGRAM
This new itinerary replaces MSC Opera’s earlier Red Sea season due to safety concerns in that area. For more details on the new itineraries, visit the provided link.
Will you be exploring these two new itineraries? Let us know in the comments!
Julie Bouchner is the Marketing Lead for Porthole Cruise and Travel. She has a Master’s Degree in Journalism from Syracuse University. When she is not writing, she enjoys traveling, spending time with family, baking, and playing with her Siberian Husky named Ellie.
Porthole Cruise and Travel is your one-stop shop for all things cruise-related. Whether you’re a first-time cruiser, a seasoned traveler, or an industry professional, our mission is to inspire and inform by bringing you the best in cruising and travel.
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President Donald Trump makes a major sports announcement. The announcement comes amid reports Washington, D.C. will host the 2027 NFL Draft.
WATCHScientists: Spanish volcano has entered 'low activity' phaseby DANIEL ROCA and ARITZ PARRA | Associated Press
The speed of the flow had increased since Sunday as a result of more fluid lava descending down a sharp slope toward cliffs onto the sea. The flow was some 800 meters from reaching the water early on Monday, authorities said.
More than 230 hectares have been buried by the lava, which has destroyed over 18 kilometers of roads, according to Copernicus, the EU's satellite monitoring service. The molten rock has destroyed houses, schools, churches and health centers, as well as irrigation infrastructure for the island's banana plantations, which provide nearly one-third of the island's jobs.
No fatalities or serious injuries have been reported since the volcano's eruption.
La Palma, home to about 85,000, is part of the volcanic Canary Islands, an archipelago off northwest Africa. The island is roughly 35 kilometers (22 miles) long and 20 kilometers (12 miles) wide at its broadest point.
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and the legend of a ninthEach of the Canary Islands is a world unto itself
But certain natural and man-made features are shared across the archipelago
not to mention persistent whispers of one more undiscovered island…
The Ancient Greeks had a habit of yearning westward
Homer and Plato conjured rhetorical visions of a mythic paradise or lost civilization at the edge of the known world
They projected the Elysian Fields of the afterlife
a sequence of oceanic-volcanic archipelagos off the northwest coast of Africa
plus four smaller islets and various rocky satellites
while La Palma is comparatively young at only 1.7 million years old (and still growing through sporadic
All have belonged to Spain for more than half a millennium now
But while many biogeographical features are shared between them
some are specific to a few of these islands
Canarian biologist Dr Antonio Machado offers an evocative list of flora and fauna from a group of about 3,600 animal species and 500 native plants endemic to the Canaries
the giant lizard of La Gomera… ” Several of these species are critically endangered
“This is a fragile territory with unique biodiversity,” says Dr Machado
having spent much of his career working to protect it
National parks and nature reserves now encompass more than 50 percent of the Canaries
and conservationists can report many hard-won successes
such as ancient laurel forest regrown and borderline-extinct species reintroduced
it steadily disappeared until a recent renaissance in traditional agriculture and gastronomy restored the breed to farms and subsequently to menus
a rustic form of pole-vault known as “shepherd’s leap”) also survive as evidence of a heady human heritage
derived from the customs of aboriginal Guanches
One particular story has been told across all eight islands for as long as anyone can remember: The legend of a ninth
the spectral isle of San Borondón was named after the mystic Irish monk known as Saint Brendan the Navigator
Spreading Christianity across the seas in the 6th century
he was guided by a giant fish to a kind of heaven on Earth at the far end of this archipelago
As a native of Tenerife who can trace his ancestry back to the conquest
Dr Machado is well acquainted with such tales
he is disinclined to believe the occasional wild testimony of local fishermen who swear they have seen San Borondón appear and disappear like a ghostship in the mist
“Vertical clouds on the horizon west of El Hierro may look
but El Hierro itself is vastly stranger and more wonderful to him than any figment of fishermen’s imagination
as are all of the Canaries in their own way
Dr Machado paints a vivid picture of the sheer variety a modern voyager might encounter in sailing to all eight in turn
“Older islands like Lanzarote are washed out and flattened
Gran Canaria is an open book of dramatic geology…” Each island
The largest and most populous of the Canary Islands is also the most visited
and dotted with 10 Michelin-listed restaurants in luxury hotels and restored colonial buildings
it’s also quietly spectacular through inland forests and farmlands
This mightiest volcano of the whole archipelago casts a long shadow over the sea
which is one possible source of the San Borondón legend
Tenerife’s natural inner spaces are a spectacular array of forests
and fresh mountain peaks.Photograph by Matthieu PaleyGran CanariaDark volcanic rock meets white sand and bright blue water on this island popular for seaside holidays
with almost 40 miles (60km) of beaches flanking big resorts and charming coastal corners like the port of Mogán
Gran Canaria arrays some of its deepest natural pleasures across the hidden reaches of a dynamic topography
and rolling green hills create a “miniature continent” unto itself
Gran Canaria’s towering Maspalomas Dunes are one of many ancient natural attractions on the island.Photograph by Matthieu PaleyLanzaroteInvariably likened to lunar craters or red-dusted Martian canyons
Lanzarote’s UNESCO-protected biosphere pushes most human activity right to the margins at busy ports and lively coastal resorts
The beautifully eerie interior now draws ever-more hikers and cyclists to otherworldly massifs and plains
the vast El Jable desert and the lava fields of Caldera Blanca
Landmark sporting fixtures like the Club La Santa Ironman are all the more appealing for racing through such a dreamscape
Lanzarote’s volcanic soil is also great for growing grapes
making delicious wines to sample while taking in the otherworldly landscape.Photograph by Matthieu PaleyFuerteventuraThe oldest Canary Island was born from the sea in the Miocene era
then shaped over eons by strong breezes that have whipped up sand dunes into soft looming peaks at Corralejo and rounded the edges off the ochre hills
with their roaming goats and lonely windmills
Conditions are optimal for surfing and other watersports off golden beaches
while backroads wind their way to remote lookouts
and conservation areas for birdlife or sea turtles
wild and golden sandy beaches are perfect for watersports and other
quieter ways to relax.Photograph by Matthieu PaleyLa PalmaMany older ports of the Canaries retain some color and flavor of the colonial era
but none as strongly as Santa Cruz de la Palma
Wood-fronted houses rise out of the harbor on a wave of solid lava
while Latin-style carnivals and hand-rolled cigars attest to a long history as shipping hub between old and new worlds
La Palma retains the colors and flavors of the colonial era spectacularly well
Santa Cruz de la Palma.Photograph supplied by Islas CanariasEl HierroOnce the island at the edge of the known world
El Hierro was marked as the first planetary meridian by French mapmakers of the 17th century
The line runs past the famously isolated lighthouse at Punta de la Orchilla
along one of many cliff edges that drop away abruptly into deep waters now known for prime dive spots
A certain primeval atmosphere abides in volcanic pools and thick laurel forests
especially where local legends tell of witches gathering for ritual dances
El Hierro’s primordial feel is exemplified by its volcanic pools and thick
secluded forests.Photograph supplied by Islas CanariasLa GomeraAmong the smallest
La Gomera rises from beaches and palm groves to misty cloud forest and volcanic caves housing ancient sacrificial altars
the island still bears living witness to its distant pre-Christian past by way of the native “whistling language”
Used by ancestral shepherds to communicate across deep valleys
and registered by UNESCO as a Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Stepping through La Gomera’s misted forests
you may hear the island’s ancient whistling language echoing across lush green valleys.Photograph by Matthieu PaleyLa GraciosaThe newest Canary Island was only recognized as such in 2018
Previously considered an islet of nearby Lanzarote
it’s one of Europe’s last outposts without asphalt roads
with virgin sands on beaches like Playa de las Conchas
A few whitewashed houses and summer residences are scattered between deep blue undersea caves and terracotta-colored volcanic ranges
Metrics details
Teeth from 38 aboriginal remains of La Palma (Canary Islands) were analyzed for external and endogenous mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and for diagnostic coding positions
Informative sequences were obtained from 30 individuals (78.9%)
The majority of lineages (93%) were from West Eurasian origin
being the rest (7%) from sub-Saharan African ascription
The bulk of the aboriginal haplotypes had exact matches in North Africa (70%)
This means that the exact region from which the ancestors of the Canarian aborigines came has not yet been sampled or that they have been replaced by later human migrations
The high gene diversity found in La Palma (95.2±2.3)
which is one of the farthest islands from the African continent
is of the same level than the previously found in the central island of Tenerife (92.4±2.8)
This is against the supposition that the islands were colonized from the continent by island hopping and posterior isolation
the great similarity found between the aboriginal populations of La Palma and Tenerife is against the idea of an island-by-island independent maritime colonization without secondary contacts
Our data better fit to an island model with frequent migrations between islands
an aboriginal sample from La Palma island was chosen to be analyzed for the hypervariable region I (HVR I) of mtDNA and for the diagnostic coding region positions that allowed the unequivocal assignation of their lineages to one of the known mtDNA haplogroups
so that its relationship with other populations from the islands and North Africa could be accurately established
Geographical position of La Palma within the Canary Islands and locations of the archeological sites sampled
To assess whether the teeth were externally contaminated the following protocol was used to extract DNA from their external surfaces: Teeth were repeatedly swabbed using a sterilized swab stick soaked in a guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) washing solution (6 M GuSCN
The swab was introduced in a 1.6 ml tube with 300 μl extracting solution (6 M GuSCN
2% Triton X-100) and the stick broken to close the tube
Then the tube was boiled for 10 min and left to room temperature (RT) for other 10 min
its top and bottom were perforated with a sterile syringe needle and fitted in a new 1.6 ml tube to which the solution was transferred by centrifugation
Fifteen microliters of acid-treated size-fractionated silica particles (Sigma)
were added and the new tube was kept at RT with occasional vortex during 10 min
Then the silica particles were pelleted by centrifugation
the supernatant discarded and the pellet washed twice with 1:1 washing solution/ethanol
once with acetone and once with 70% ethanol
the DNA was eluted from the silica pellet resuspending it in 50 μl TE buffer pH 8
and transferring supernatant into a new tube after centrifugation to pellet the silica
Five microliters of this solution was used as template for 25 μl volume PCR reactions
Ancient DNA (aDNA) was quantified using an ND-1000 (NanoDrop) spectrophotometer following the manufacturer's instructions
to estimate the initial number of DNA molecules in each sample
The first was typed amplifying a fragment of 50 bp
using the forward primer L3005 5′-CTCGATGTTGGATCAGGACA-3′ and a modified reverse primer H3011 5′-GAACCTTTAATAGCGGCTGCACAAT-3′ that creates a Tsp509I site when the derived A is present
The second was checked amplifying a fragment of 53 bp
using the forward primer L6769 5′-CTAGGGTTTATCGTGTGAGC-3′ and a modified reverse primer H6777* 5′-TCTACGTCTATTCCTACTGTACATAT-3′ that creates an NdeI site when the derived C is present
Amplification products were cloned into pGEM-T vectors (Promega)
Several clones were sequenced for each fragment until an unambiguous consensus sequence was obtained
Additional cloning was carried out in those cases in which only one of the three negative PCR controls showed contamination
and this was of a much lower intensity than the sample amplification
Cloned sequences from the sample were used only when: (a) detected variants were different between the contaminated control and the aboriginal sample
and (b) the mutations observed for that segment were phylogenetically congruent with the haplotype obtained with the rest of the fragments
Ancient DNA PCR fragments were directly sequenced with the M13 forward primer
Clones were sequenced using the M13 reverse primer (Promega)
Amplified fragments from external DNA extracts and from modern samples were sequenced with the same forward primer used in the PCR reaction
When necessary the reverse strand was also sequenced
All the sequencing reactions were prepared with the BigDye v3.1 Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems) using 10 μl volume reactions
sequencing reactions were run on a MegaBACE 1000 sequencing system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)
At Las Palmas they were run on an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems)
To confirm the accuracy of the fragments amplified for RFLP diagnosis
half of their PCR reactions were directly sequenced at least in two samples
DNA sequences were analyzed using CLUSTAL X 1.83 and confirmed by inspecting the electropherograms manually
and misincorporated bases detected in several instances
One blank extraction and three negative PCR controls per sample and amplification have been always performed
Consistence of the sequences obtained has been confirmed by repeated amplification and by RFLP analysis that
matched the haplogroup assignation based on HVSI sequencing
The initial number of amplifiable DNA molecules has been quantified using real-time PCR
we analyzed the mtDNA HVSI region using seven overlapping small fragments
the total HVSI region could not be amplified in any case
Due to the lack of the appropriate technology
biochemical assays of macromolecular preservation could not be performed
Our overlapping approach would detect any amplification of mtDNA sequences integrated into the nuclear genome
Five duplicated samples were assayed in a second independent laboratory
it has to be taken into account that the estimated age for these animal remains was older than the oldest date for La Palma aboriginal samples
With the aim to remove and to detect any previous surface modern DNA contamination
two additional criteria have been followed:
any modern DNA contamination present on the surface of the teeth was retrieved before the extraction protocol for endogenous DNA was carried out
This approach allowed the subsequent comparison of both DNA sources
Table 1 compares haplogroup frequencies between aboriginal
and modern samples from the Canary Islands and those from Northwest (Morocco
and Sahara) and North Central Africa (Algeria and Tunisia)
haplogroup frequencies in aborigines from La Palma and Tenerife are highly coincident (FST=0.0047
although some haplogroups present in La Palma
W and X were not detected in Tenerife and haplogroup HV0
This could be attributed to small sample size
the U6a1/a2/a3 type was also absent in the modern population of La Palma
haplogroup H was the most abundant in the aborigines from La Palma (56.7%) and Tenerife (47.2%)
Although there are no significant differences with the historical sample from Tenerife
nor with the modern population of the Archipelago
there was a significant excess of H lineages in the aboriginal sample when compared with North Africa (P<0.005)
Macro-haplogroup L was also present in moderate frequencies in the aboriginal populations of La Palma (6.7%) and Tenerife (11.1%)
there was only significant differences (P=0.003) with L frequencies (24.8%) in North Africa
and Can756: Canarian; GER54: German; POR162: Portuguese; SYR456: Syrian; YEM1615: Yemeni
Graphical relationships among the studied populations. MDS plots based on FST haplotypic (a) and haplogroup (b) frequency distances. Codes are as in Table 1
it seems that well preserved teeth are less sensible to these routes of contamination
the archeologist sequence was not retrieved from the external extracts
possibly due to its elimination by later anthropologists handling
this sequence did not appear as a contaminant of the endogenous extracts
could be constructed from the mutations consistently detected in the different PCR fragments and clones of a same sample
we feel confident of the reliability of our results
As samples in each island were collected from four different sites
although with a predominant one (Espigón in La Palma 18 of 30 and CP in Tenerife 24 of 36)
we wondered whether population structure within islands existed and the sampling process introduced a bias augmenting diversity
H was calculated only for the most abundant sites
their values were even higher than those obtained for the total sample (96.1±3.0 in Espigón and 93.1±3.2 in CP)
So we discarded the existence of a strong population structure and considered the high H values real
These results are against the supposition of a settlement process through island hopping and posterior isolation
a restrictive stepping stone model would not fit with the maternal genetic pattern found
although it could be accepted supposing frequent secondary migrations between islands
the most important evolutionary forces that modulate gene variation are mutation
the relative recent age of the Canary Island colonization
suggests that mutation could play only a minor role
coalescence ages of around 6000 years ago found for two founder clades
This leaves migration and genetic drift as the two main counteracting factors to explain the high gene diversity present in the islands
the most accepted age for the aboriginal colonization of the island is at the beginning of the first millennium
and the mean age for the analyzed aboriginal remains is around 900 AD
36 generations passed since the initial colonization of the two islands
which roughly gives an interchange of around three migrants per generation
This value is sufficient to homogenize their genetic pools and would explain the great similarity found between both populations
this migratory input could be an overestimation if
the colonizers of the two islands had the same North African origin
an island-by-island independent maritime colonization
if the Canary Islands were colonized in several waves
most probably Tenerife and La Palma were affected likewise by these events
our data better fit to an island model with frequent migrations between islands
Future studies on aboriginal remains from other islands and from modern and ancient North African populations would help to elucidate these remaining questions
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Cabrera VM : The peopling of the Canary Islands: a CD4/Alu microsatellite haplotype perspective
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the dominant human mitochondrial DNA lineage in West Eurasia: the Near East and Caucasian perspective
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Download references
We gratefully acknowledge P Hernández Carpio and A González and J Espino from SEGAI for technical assistance and to N Maca-Meyer and A Gámez for their helpful comments
The samples were generously donated by J Pais
This research was supported by grants from the Spain Ministry of Science and Technology BFU2006-04490 to JM Larruga
R Fregel was supported by a Gobierno de Canarias predoctoral fellowship
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on European Journal of Human Genetics website (http://www.nature.com/ejhg)
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and is a great bet for travellers who’d choose barefoot luxury and spectacular scenery over glossy resorts and busy promenades
And the old town of the capital – Santa Cruz de la Palma – is an architectural wonder
cobbled streets and a brilliant museum housed in a 16th-century monastery
For a truly memorable stay, bed down in this still-functioning 18th-century lighthouse in the rugged north-east of the island, arguably La Palma’s most enchanting region. The three units sleep a maximum of eight guests, so bespoke service is assured, with the housekeeper dropping off a breakfast basket every morning
brimming with fresh produce from Puntagorda’s farmers’ market
Address: Faro Punta Cumplida - Isla de La Palma c/ Lomo Machin 66 Bajo, La PalmaWebsite: rusticae.comDoubles from: £280
Address: Calle de Unamuno, 11 - 38770 Villa y Puerto de Tazacorte, La PalmaWebsite: hotelhaciendadeabajo.comDoubles from: £215
These homely stand-alone casitas are a brilliant budget option, with a swimming pool and barbecue kit for food-loving travellers who daydream of stocking up on local produce from the brilliant Mercado Municipal in Santa Cruz de la Palma and getting creative with Canarian flavours
Address: Casas Rurales en La Palma, Las Casitas de TijarafeWebsite: lascasitasdetijarafe.comDoubles from: £50
The turquoise of this swimming pool, carved out of natural rock, will linger in your memories long after your return to reality. It’s more of a local haunt than a tourist destination
so it’s the perfect spot to soak up some local flavour and eat tapas from Bar Charco Azul
Address: Camino del Melonar, San Andres y Sauces, La Palma
Among astrophysics enthusiasts and stargazers, La Palma’s observatory is known as one of Spain’s best – La Palma is a designated Starlight Reserve
but you need to make a request via the website
Address: Avenida Marítima, 34, 38700 Santa Cruz de La PalmaWebsite: starsislandlapalma.es
The name sounds like an exaggeration, but this lush forest weaves a powerful spell. From Cubo de La Galga, a hiking path steers travellers through some of La Palma’s prime rainforest
Address: Cubo de la Gala, 38714 Puntallana, La Palma
With a spectacular location overlooking the salt pans and next to the old Fuencaliente lighthouse, this family-run restaurant is a perfect place to try local seafood while enjoying views of the ocean
volcanic landscapes and the dazzling white of all that salt
Address: Calle Maldonado, 10, 38700 Santa Cruz de la PalmaWebsite: salinasdefuencaliente.es
At this intimate 16-seater restaurant run by Carmen, a local culinary legend, it feels as if you’ve been invited into a 200-year-old Canarian abode to feast on local delicacies. The menu changes every day and there are superb vegetarian options
plus dishes can be served vegan on request
Address: Doctor Santos Abreu, Santa Cruz de la PalmaWebsite: visitlapalma.es
This farm-to-table restaurant is a firm favourite for its traditional Canarian cooking and a well-curated list of local wines
Located on the rim of the San Antonio volcano
an awe-inspiring crater that has lain dormant since 1678
it has stargazing opportunities that only add to this rustic bodega’s charms
Address: Calle Los Volcanes, 23. 38740. Fuencaliente de La PalmaWebsite: lacasadelvolcan.es
Keep scrolling for more photos of the best spots in La Palma..
The quiet Canary Islands: La Palma, El Hierro and La Gomera
An unexpected road trip through Lanzarote, the design-led Canary Island
An essential guide to the Canary Islands
In a dazzling display of technological brilliance
Santa Cruz de La Palma is set to be bathed in the radiant glow of 200 drones this Saturday night
The traditional Christmas lighting ceremony
will be accompanied by an exhilarating aerial spectacle organized by the Departamento de Fiestas of the city council
this event marks a pioneering moment for the capital of La Palma as it joins the ranks of various Canarian cities opting for a futuristic display of light and colour through drone technology
complementing the usual fireworks extravaganza
The focal point of this unprecedented display will be the Avenida Marítima in Santa Cruz de La Palma
specifically at the intersection with Calle Apurón
The 200 drones are set to soar to an impressive 115 metres above ground
ensuring a breathtaking show without any interference in the island's airspace
attendees can revel in a night of music and ambience in the heart of the capital with a special tribute to the legendary Luis Miguel
The City Council extends a warm invitation to residents
and visitors from neighbouring islands to partake in this unique spectacle
marking the commencement of the Christmas festivities in La Palma
Don't miss out on this extraordinary fusion of technology and celebration
Differences in search efforts for missing persons have become a contentious issue
coordinator of the SOS Desaparecidos association in the Canary Islands
highlights a concerning trend claiming: "There are first
and even third level missing persons."
He reveals that Canarians with missing relatives have lodged complaints about the disparity in resources deployed in different cases
using the search for Jay Slater as an example
as it has received significantly more attention than many others
"These families are not asking to reduce efforts for finding Jay Slater
They simply wish that the search operations for their loved ones were as extensive and persistent as others organised on the islands." This sentiment resonates deeply among those still looking for missing family members
According to SOS Desaparecidos' website
there are currently 82 missing persons in the Canary Islands: 50 in the province of Santa Cruz (Tenerife
and 32 in the province of Las Palmas (Gran Canaria
The oldest case dates back to February 8th
when Adolfina Ramos Hernández disappeared in Arinaga
She was 21 years old at the time and would now be 64
The most recent and highly publicised case is that of 19-year-old Jay Dean Slater
Despite the Guardia Civil concluding the large-scale search operation last Sunday
searched the Masca area where he was last seen
Martín emphasises the need for equal attention for all missing persons: "No family of other missing persons wants search operations limited; they simply want everyone to receive the same attention." Few search operations for the other 49 missing individuals in Santa Cruz de Tenerife province compare to the extensive efforts for Slater
The reasons for this discrepancy are unclear
"It could be due to media pressure or the persistence of some families
What is certain is that all families consider their loved ones just as important as any other
and it is hard to explain why some cases receive more effort than others."
The diversity of cases in Santa Cruz de Tenerife includes adults who vanished without apparent reason
and unaccompanied immigrant minors who left care centres
Martín notes a common pattern: searches continue for several weeks before being suspended due to a lack of leads
but cases remain open in hopes of new evidence
the list of missing persons on SOS Desaparecidos' website includes Tomás Gimeno
who murdered his two daughters in April 2021
While his elder daughter's body was found
the bodies of Gimeno and his younger daughter
Another mysterious case is that of Natalia Hernández
The young woman from Madrid landed at La Palma airport but never collected her luggage
and her whereabouts remain unknown almost two years later
Other perplexing cases include German backpacker Oliver Heise
last seen in July 2020 in El Médano (Granadilla)
These cases exemplify the need for consistent and comprehensive search efforts for all missing persons in the Canary Islands
The Hospiten Group has reached an agreement with La Palma Atletico Paso FC to become the team’s official medical service
spirit and resilience during the 2021-2022 season
being promoted to the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) Second Division despite not having a field to train on after it became unuseable during the Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption
The hospital network has decided to bet on this club
adding to the agreement a series of actions to help and reward the team for their resistance and with the aim of improving the club’s situation for next season
These actions include medical checks of the 25 players on the squad at Hospiten Rambla University Hospital
and a complete cardiological study (electrocardiogram and echocardiogram
plus ergometry) to check the players’ health status
This sports cardiovascular check-up is an essential tool for technical staff
trainers and players that will allow them to start next season at full capacity and in safety
Hospiten will also take care of transfers from La Palma to Santa Cruz de Tenerife and on to Hospiten Rambla University Hospital
As the official medical service of Atletico Paso FC
Hospiten makes all its medical experience available to the club
as well as the main technological advances in the practice of sports medicine
Hospiten will also lend its support to the children's categories to cover expenses and promote a better sports situation for the youngest players
the company has committed to the purchase of 25 season tickets for the 2022-2023 season
which will be distributed among fans affected by the volcanic eruption
members or subscribers of Atletico Paso FC will have a 20% discount on medical services
Vice President and CEO of the Hospiten Group considers that "this series of actions confirms Hospiten's commitment to helping those affected by the volcanic eruption in La Palma and
which are crucial for good physical and mental health
The integrity and sacrifice of Atletico Paso FC is an example of the strength of the population La Palma
who are making innumerable efforts to restore normality on the island”
expressed his appreciation of the agreement “because it will allow us greater security and professionalism in the management of the team
We feel very grateful and proud that a company like Hospiten is collaborating with our club”
The Hospiten Group is an international healthcare network with 50 years of experience
committed to providing the highest quality service
and which has 20 private medical-hospital centers in Spain
Jamaica and Panama and more than 100 outpatient centers under the brand Clinic Assist
Pedro Luis Cobiella and attends more than 2,000,000 patients from all over the world every year with a workforce of more than 5,000 people
If you want to receive the latest news in your email
do not hesitate to subscribe to our newsletter
The Canaries are Spain’s most accessible destination under current UK travel rules – and home to historical towns
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Away from their pockets of mass-tourism development
Spain’s Canaries are an archipelago of endlessly varied landscapes
gastronomic delights and a thriving local culture that is at once firmly Spanish and distinctively Canarian
With two Unesco geoparks and four national parks
these eight sun-baked islands are home to a growing lineup of sustainable tourism initiatives – and you’re never far from a dip in the Atlantic
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As travel expert Paul Charles put it: “Consumers are voting with their feet and booking trips to Spain; they know the rules
they know it’s not illegal and they know they have to self-isolate when they get home.”
Teguise was Lanzarote’s capital until 1852; its protected historical core is packed with ancient mansions
fanning out from a restored 15th-century church
The nearby village of Teseguite has classic Canarian architecture
a 17th-century chapel and a couple of wonderful pottery workshops
Surf-friendly Famara beach in the north is one of the Canaries’ most beautiful
and you can do day trips to the dazzling beaches at Punta del Papagayo in the south
Don’t miss the natural pools in Punta Mujeres and
all-natural Playa del Risco (accessible by a one-hour hike)
Where to stayWith its island-inspired boutique design, circular pool and divine breakfasts, Álava Suites (doubles from €110) in Costa Teguise is a great place to tap into the local creative scene. Lanzarote Retreats (doubles/rentals from €115/95) has stylish yurts
stone-built cottages and a solar-warmed pool at its eco-finca in Arrieta
View image in fullscreenCaleta del Sebo
Photograph: Maremagnum/Getty ImagesOff northern Lanzarote and reachable only by ferry from Órzola
back-to-nature escape (no paved roads here)
It became the official eighth Canary Island in 2018
Where to stayFamily-owned Pensión Enriqueta (+34 928 842 051
doubles €35) is one of La Graciosa’s tourism pioneers
Eat and drinkEl Marinero, opposite Caleta de Sebo’s 20th-century church, is a locally loved tapas haunt serving home-cooked tortilla and seafood rice dishes (up to €10). Or try a platter of Lanzarote goat’s cheese at beachside Casa Margucha/Restaurante Girasol (tapas €10-€20)
explore gentle-paced villages such as Betancuria (Fuerteventura’s oldest settlement
pint-sized Casillas del Ángel and Pájara (home to a 17th-century Aztec-style church)
where a black sand beach hosts fresh-as-it-gets fish restaurants
Pozo Negro is another fishing hamlet popular for its seafood restaurants
On the unmissable southern Península de Jandía (it’s worth tacking on a couple of days here)
protected beaches (including Playa de la Barca
surfy La Pared village and the lonely Punta de Jandía lighthouse
Where to stayA 200-year-old volcanic-stone home just north-east of La Oliva has been sensitively restored as the Hotel Rural Mahoh (doubles from €60 B&B), with nine rustic rooms, a pool and a superb Canarian restaurant. The Avanti Lifestyle Hotel (doubles from €120) sits right on the coast in Corralejo
and if that’s too far to walk there’s a rooftop Jacuzzi from which to take in the sea view
View image in fullscreenBarranco de Guayadeque
Photograph: Westend61/AlamyGran Canaria might be famous for its southern resorts
but it’s also a superbly scenic land of forested hills
intriguing historical sights and seafood restaurants
What to doStay in Gran Canaria’s leafy north
Spain’s ninth-largest city – and with a standout beach
mountainous interior unfolds in a series of dramatically located villages
try north-west coast villages such as Sardina del Norte and Puerto de las Nieves
Where to stayLa Laguna Gran Hotel (doubles from €94) in San Cristobal de la Laguna is a stylishly reimagined 18th-century manor with a rooftop pool. An impressive 17th-century mansion on Garachico’s palm-dotted plaza, La Quinta Roja (doubles from €114) has smart
wood-beamed rooms around a leafy courtyard
it’s on its way to becoming the first island in the world to run on exclusively renewable energy
What to doEl Hierro’s most spectacular base is El Golfo
where the volcanic coastline sits at the foot of an amphitheatre-like
a food-and-crafts market and a 19th-century church
The popular (and challenging) Camino de Jinama hike begins (or ends) in La Frontera
Divers will want to plunge into the tranquil waters off La Restinga
which is also renowned for its seafood restaurants
Another El Hierro speciality are its sparkling natural pools; jump in at El Golfo’s La Maceta
at Cala de Tacorón near La Restinga or at Tamaduste in the north-east
Where to stayLa Frontera’s boho-feel El Sitio (doubles from €50) occupies a thoughtfully converted, sustainably run bodega with seven lava-stone casitas and views across El Golfo. Or stay at the east-coast Parador de El Hierro (doubles from €97)
a pool with a view of the Atlantic and a smart restaurant
Eat and drinkOpposite La Frontera’s pretty plaza, Joapira specialises in Venezuelan-influenced herreño cooking (mains €10), including stuffed cachapas and peppers filled with local goat’s cheese. In La Restinga, Casa Juan offers creative island produce
with seafood rice dishes among its signature dishes (€10-€15)
View image in fullscreenSanta Cruz de la Palma
arguably the most beautiful of the Canaries’ capitals
Photograph: Dominic Dähncke/Getty ImagesFrom its desert-like southern expanses
“La Isla Bonita” – protected as a Unesco biosphere reserve since 2002 – is a place for escaping into the wild
What to doArguably the most beautiful of the Canaries’ capitals
Santa Cruz de la Palma has a 16th-century core filled with traditional balconied homes
renaissance architecture and the glittering Iglesia del Salvador
Take a dip in the saltwater pools in nearby San Andrés
In the far south, Fuencaliente’s bare, volcano-studded landscape produces distinctive malvasia vines; visit wineries such as Bodegas Teneguía
and drive to the wonderfully scenic salt flats
beach and lighthouse on the island’s southernmost tip
Where to stayHotel San Telmo (doubles from €69) in Santa Cruz has eight boutique-inspired rooms strung around a flower-filled patio in a mango-yellow 17th-century house. Hacienda San Jorge (doubles from €64) looks out on to the black sand beach in Los Cancajos
and has a lagoon-style pool and subtropical gardens
Eat and drinkIn Santa Cruz, book one of the handful of tables at Enriclai for home-style Canarian cooking (mains €10-€15), and stock up on island produce at the municipal market. El Paso’s Tapas & Trekking does excellent Canaries-inspired tapas – cheese boards
View image in fullscreenBlack sand beach at Vallehermoso
Photograph: Westend 61/Getty ImagesWalkers travel to lush La Gomera for its outstanding mountain trails
but there’s much more to this bohemian island
where cliff-edged coastlines give way to palm-filled valleys
ancient subtropical forests and eerie volcanic rock formations
What to doCombine a stay in La Gomera’s pastel-hued seaside capital San Sebastián with delightful agricultural Hermigua in the less touristy north (near lovely volcanic Playa de la Caleta)
San Sebastián’s historic centre features laurel-shaded plazas
ancient mansions and the 15th-century church where Columbus is said to have prayed before setting off for the Americas
However, La Gomera’s hands-down highlight is the magical, misty Parque Nacional de Garajonay
Unesco-protected laurisilva forests conceal some of the Canaries’ most rewarding walking paths
A fabulous route through the 40 sq km park meanders down the Hermigua valley from the Alto de Garajonay (1,484m)
drop into northern villages such as 17th-century Agulo or Vallehermoso and Alojera
is home to La Gomera’s last remaining traditional ceramicists
Where to stayLooking out on Hermigua’s banana-palm valley, Los Telares offers smartly rustic studio apartments (from €47) with balconies and a pool. The Parador de la Gomera (doubles from €97)
designed to resemble a 15th-century mansion
surrounded by Canarian gardens and an Atlantic-facing pool
- La Palma airport now operational again after clean-up
- Spanish volcanologist explains what will happen when the lava reaches the sea on La Palma. (Details)
- More than 430 buildings destroyed by lava flow
- Villages of Tacande and Tajuya evacuated amid increased explosive activity and new vents
- New lava flow caused by cone fracture moving "more quickly and more fluidly"
- Lava flow "advancing quickly towards the coast"
says president of La Palma local government
- Spain PM Sánchez to declare La Palma "catastrophe zone"
- Active volcanoes in the Canary Islands: an overview
- When was the last volcanic eruption in the Canary Islands? (Details)
- The question on many minds: What happens when the lava reaches the ocean? (Details)
WORLD NEWS
Spanish volcanologist explains what will happen when the lava reaches the sea on La Palma
WORLD NEWS
La Palma volcano: coastal landslide captured on video
LA PALMA ERUPTION
La Palma eruption: drone takes stunning images of lava flow
The airport at La Palma halted flights for a period of time Sunday to avoid engire failures caused by interactions with volcanic ash
shows one "miracle house" that was saved from the destruction caused by the flow of lava from the Volcano that erupted a week ago
told a press conference this evening that the main lava flow
which “had been practically motionless for two days”
and is “advancing quickly towards the coast”
Zapata said: “We can’t say for certain whether it will reach the sea or not
but we can confirm that it is heading towards it.”
Related reading: Volcanologist explains to AS what will happen if the lava flow reaches the sea
has published these video images of the lava flow pouring from the Cumbre Vieja volcano today
AS reporter Santiago Castañeda has captured this image of the huge plume of smoke rising into the La Palma sky from the Cumbre Vieja volcano
SpaceTec’s Annamaria Luongo has shared this satellite image of the erupting Cumbre Vieja volcano and the lava flow emanating from it
It's the first such picture to be taken without clouds obscuring the view
the only undamaged produce from his ash-covered plot of land
as the smoke of the Cumbre Vieja volcano rises in the sky in Los Llanos de Aridane
These images broadcast by Radio Televisión Canaria show the moment lava flowing from the Cumbre Vieja volcano brought down the bell tower of the church in Todoque on Sunday
Firefighters unsuccessfully fought to divert the lava
part of a new flow travelling at 100 metres per hour
the president of La Palma’s local government
expressed his sadness at the bell tower's destruction
but declared: “Although the volcano has taken with it one of [Todoque’s] symbols and hallmarks
we’re going to be stronger than the volcano all together.”
Both Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (the most Eastern of the Canary Islands) are believed to be the oldest islands with an estimated age of 16/17 million years
La Palma is believed to be 2 million years old with El Hierro the 'youngest' island in the archipelago with an age of 1,1 million years
José Ramón Andrés Puerta is a Spanish chef
a non-profit devoted to providing meals in the wake of natural disasters
He's live in La Palma and filing regular updates via his Twitter account to his 1 million followers
In the seven days since the volcano erupted on the Canary Island a week ago
over 6,000 residents have been forced to leave their homes with more than 400 properties seriously damaged by lava
ferry operator Fred Olsen Express said it would add an extra round trip between La Palma and Tenerife from Monday until Wednesday
"Fred Olsen Express will increase connections..
to continue meeting the demand for transport generated by the emergency situation caused by the volcanic eruption," it said in a statement
Some people evacuated from towns close to the volcano were allowed to return to their homes to collect their belongings
AS reporter Santiago Castañeda takes a walk through the deserted streets of Santa Cruz de La Palma
If you can't understand what he's saying in Spanish
it doesn't matter; just listen to that crunch-crunch sound made by the carpet of ash under his feet:
a volcanologist at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
spoke to AS to explain the current situation of the volcano
how the process began and what is expected for the future
Read the full interview
The analysts have stations set up in key parts of La Palma in order to collect ash fall from the volcanic eruption and monitor its evolution
The view of the island is best seen from above the island
and this drone footage gives a perfect example of this
where the volcanic eruption in the area of Cumbre Vieja has been taking place for a week
has seen a rather spectacular landslide that has fallen into the sea
It's not yet clear if this is directly related to the seismic activity that has been capturing the world's attention
Watch it here
If you want to listen to the words directly out of the mouth of Miguel Ángel Morcuende
Most of what he said can be found in English in the previous posts
"What we need is help to the local economy
This starts with contributions of money."
"Seismic activity continues at low levels and the depth of the signal is over 10 kilometres
"Nearly 10,000 personnel are working on emergency coordination efforts
"The people who were evacuated the day before yesterday [Friday] in Tajuya and Tacande will return to their homes
"We are not in a situation of total alarm
Safety is completely secure as long as there are no major changes
This is a typical eruption process in the Canary Islands
with the added problem of passing through inhabited areas
"There are other municipalities that are suffering from ash fall due to a south-westerly wind
"This does not affect the air quality in the habitable areas
but care must be taken in handling the ash because the dust can cause bronchial and eye problems."
"We are still managing the same variables as in previous days
"We have a lava flow to the south that is moving at about 30cm per hour
The lava is at about 1,250 degrees Celsius
but it is becoming more viscous and is slowing down."
here is a reminder of volcanoes of the past on La Palma
We're about to go live to a press conference of the volcano emergency planning team of the Canary Islands..
A small landslide has been witnessed in Tazacorte
it is not known if it is a direct result of the volcanic eruptions
The Canary airline Binter has advised us through a statement that the situation with the ash cloud coming from the volcanic eruption will continue to keep its flights to and from La Palma suspended
"The airline has been forced to take this decision due to a force majeure and the flights scheduled for today have been cancelled
"The paralysation of the operation will be maintained until the conditions improve and allow us to fly while guaranteeing passenger safety."
The company has made it clear that they will deal with refunds or reschedules appropriately
Energy company Endesa has activated a special plan for urgent measures to help those in La Palma given the serious economic and social consequences caused by the volcanic eruption
The multinational will offer a personalised payments plan on invoices as well as special offers and specific measures for those whose homes or small businesses have been directly affected by the eruption
all Endesa customers on the island may request payment deferrals or installments of bills in order to help mitigate the impact that this natural catastrophe will have on households
the contracts of the homes that have been lost will be terminated and the bills will be canceled from last Sunday
The Volcanological Institute of the Canary Islands has reported that the magnetic pressure on La Palma has dropped
they also advise that this "does not imply that the eruption is approaching its end," adding that
"more data and different parameters will be needed to make correct forecasts about the medium-term evolution of the eruptive activity."
That means we'll continue to watch this space very closely and bring you all the latest
"We will always respect the integrity and feelings of the people affected."
That was the message from the local TV broadcaster
"For this reason we have not recorded images of the evacuated people who are in the football field in El Paso and we have stopped broadcasting and sharing those in which houses are seen collapsing."
As the Cumbre Vieja eruption on La Palma intensifies
the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain has been sending up drones to track the lava flow
Here's some more incredible footage of what has been developing
La Palma airport has returned to normal on Sunday
the work of cleaning the ash from the volcano eruption has been carried out in collaboration with the island's administrations and organizations
and the airport manager has passed on thanks for all their efforts in difficult circumstances
The island’s government said there had been “no significant incidents” with the volcano since Saturday
when part of the crater collapsed and another river of lava emerged
They have also been able to communicate that the eight airports across the Canary Islands are now operative
although Aena recommends that passengers should check the status of the flight with the airline before travelling
The closure had led to long lines at the island’s port to catch ferries off the island
Local television has shared this drone footage giving you the current situation above La Palma
Reports are that 496 buildings have already been impacted by the explosions and lava flow
The Pontiff said a few words in support of the emergency services working to keep residents of La Palma safe during an Angelus address on Sunday.
The European Union's Copernicus observatory now estimates the scale of the ashfall on La Palma at 1,314 hectares
The BBC asked an expert from Spain's National Geographic Institute
how long the Cumbre Vieja eruptions could last
The last eruption on La Palma took place in 1971 when Teneguía
which is part of the same range as Cumbre Vieja
erupted over a period of just over a month.
With La Palma’s airport now closed due to the ash clouds caused by the erupting Cumbre Vieja volcano
people attempting to leave have been forced to seek a ferry off the island
The Canary Islands media outlet El Día reported queues of “hundreds of people” at the Santa Cruz de La Palma ferry terminal on Saturday
Volcanic explosions spewed red hot lava high into the air on La Palma on Saturday as a new emission vent opened
forcing the small Spanish island to close its airport and preventing some people leaving
said the new emission vent that had opened was to the west of the principle vent
Spanish airport operator Aena said the island's airport had been closed because of the volcano
which has spewed out thousands of tons of lava
destroyed hundreds of houses and forced the evacuation of nearly 6,000 people
"La Palma airport is inoperative due to ash accumulation
but the situation may change at any time," it tweeted
Channel la Sexta broadcast drone footage of the lava flow Saturday evening
The flow is moving between 200 to 300 meters per hour
The Geological and Mining Institute of Spain and the Spanish National Research Council provide footage from the eruption on La Palma showing the full extent of what the lava has covered since Sunday
Cumbre Vieja began erupting after 3 pm GMT Sunday 26 September
Lava has now covered an area over three fifths the size of Central Park
The volcanic eruption on La Palma besides destroying homes is damaging the island's banana crop
In this photo from Reuters by Nacho Doce
holds ash in his hands that has affected his banana field at Los Llanos de Aridane
A reporter from El Salvador in the area managed to capture one of the volcano's huge shock waves
The Canary Islands Volcanology Institute closely tracks the activity of the various active volcanos on the islands
Two weeks ago seismic activity began to greatly increase informing of an imminent eruption
Hell and welcome to AS English's live coverage of the ongoing volcanic eruption on the Canary Island of La Palma
The Cumbre Vieja volcano has been spewing ash and lava since erupting on September 19
destroying hundreds of buildings and forcing the evacuation of thousands of people
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The government of the Canary Islands has declared a lockdown for nearly 3,000 on the island of La Palma due to the relentless stream of volcanic activity
The decision comes as concerns grow about toxic gases that may arise from a third lava delta
The measure will be maintained for at least 24 hours
This is the fourth time lava has reached the Atlantic Ocean since the volcano erupted just over two months ago
Although sulfur dioxide emissions have reached a minimum since the eruption began
the wind from the west and southwest has caused air quality problems in the municipalities to the east
Despite the lava adding an additional 43 hectares to the island since the Cumbre Vieja volcano began erupting in mid-September
the eruption also destroyed more than 2,000 properties and forced the evacuation of 7,000 people as a precaution
The destruction caused is immeasurable according to the Spanish government
The lava has also been destructive to farmland
with banana trees on the island being a particular target for the lava
Banana crops are one of the main crops on the island
it is estimated that the island has lost over €103 million due to volcanic activity
Metrics details
Volcanic activity provides a unique opportunity to study the ecological responses of organisms to catastrophic environmental destruction as an essential driver of biodiversity change on islands
no study of the biodiversity at an erupting volcano has yet been undertaken
we quantified the main species affected and their fate during the 85-day eruption (September–December 2021)
Our main objective consisted of monitoring the biodiversity subjected to critical stress during this volcanic eruption
We found that all biodiversity within a 2.5 km radius was severely affected after the first two weeks
It is challenging to assess whether volcanism can drive evolutionary traits of insular organisms
Examples are the adaptation of an endemic conifer to high temperatures
selection of functional plant types—secondary woodiness—
effects of the disappearance of invertebrates and their influence in trophic nets and vertebrate trophic plasticity
our data suggest that such previous evolutionary changes might continue to favour their resilience during this eruption
it is a very good opportunity to assess the extent to which these periodic volcanic catastrophes may constitute temporary windows of repeated opportunities for the evolution and speciation of oceanic island biota
quantitative and systematic ecological research during a volcanic eruption has been lacking
This study was an excellent opportunity to evaluate the influence of an eruption on the rich legacy of insular biodiversity by examining the vicinity of craters and lava flows
we put forward some interesting research questions that had not hitherto been tackled in real-time
(1) At what time and geographical scale (distance from crater) did specific groups of plants and their populations collapse
(2) To what extent are key insular species like the endemic Canary pine
adapted to various stressors arising from volcanism
(3) Is the dominance of particular plant functional types on oceanic islands linked to or even favoured by volcanic activity
(4) How strongly affected was the invertebrate community
on which many saurians and small passerines depend
(5) How important was trophic plasticity for some vertebrates during this volcanic process
(6) Do body size and mobility capabilities control the responses of vertebrates
(7) to what extent can regular volcanic catastrophes constitute time-windows of opportunities for the evolution and speciation of oceanic island biota
Our activity consisted of monitoring the biodiversity subjected to critical stress due to the eruptive process
The main aims of this work comprised spatial and temporal assessments of (1) plant species cover and vitality
(2) trends in the abundance of invertebrates on soil and plants
(3) patterns in the density and behavioural responses of terrestrial vertebrates (lizards
two of them in rainy conditions making their consistency especially cohesive
The pine trunks first re-sprouted two weeks after the eruption ended (December 13
even some just outside the new crater itself
At least 90% of the pines within 300 m of the crater seemed to resist the effects of the eruption
and green buds were seen at the needle-bases in tufts and on scratched branches
The state of the pines clearly improved further from the crater
Fruticose lichen thalli (Usnea articulata) are normally abundant on Canary pines and resisted well until the 12th week of the eruption
ferns (Pteridium aquilinum) were the first organism clearly affected during the first week
Understorey plants (mainly the shrubs Cistus symphytifolius and Chamaecytisus prolifer ssp
palmensis) endemic to the pine forest habitat were severely affected during the fourth week
coinciding with the first emission of ultrafine tephra
symphytifolius had its leaves perforated by the falling pyroclasts
thus limiting photosynthesis to its green stems
Euphorbia lamarckii or Kleinia neriifolia) located within the 2.5 km closest to the crater appeared deeply affected after the seventh week
In the xerophytic scrub (succulent plants)
many plant populations disappeared completely under lava flows
such as the archipelago endemic Euphorbia canariensis
and others showed severely reduced populations
like Euphorbia balsamifera or Sideritis barbellata
Time sequence in abundance of the endemic lizard Gallotia galloti sightings during the Tajogaite volcanic eruption and their distances from the crater (within or beyond 2.5 km)
Time sequence of the most common bird species sightings or songs/calls during the Tajogaite eruption and their distances from the crater (within or beyond 2.5 km)
To our knowledge, this is the only work done on the terrestrial biodiversity status in the direct vicinity of a limited duration volcanic eruption. In this contribution, we document and assess the impact on the main plant and animal groups within the ecosystems during a volcanic eruption (Table 1)
While some groups were clearly disadvantaged: ferns and herbaceous plants as well as invertebrates and saurians (lizards and geckos); other groups such as conifers and woody shrubs showed better resilience
which led to alternating destruction and neo-colonization processes
Concerning the flora, the Canary pine forest was the most affected ecosystem and vegetation type, as it is dominant in the vicinity of the new volcanic vents. The southern slopes of this forest were the most disturbed area due to the location of the volcano, combined with the prevailing northeasterly trade winds (Fig. 1)
Tephra fallout and sulphurous gases were the main factors that affected the pine forest
the local xerophytic and thermophilous habitats also lost much of their surface area
this drastic reduction was caused by the progressive downslope expansion of the lava flows
The nearest individuals to the crater were most directly affected by intense tephra falls and concentrated volcanic gases (SO2
plants located in the nearest 200 m to the lava flows but at more than 2 km from the crater were presumably more disturbed by the high temperature of the slow-cooling lava and its lesser gas emissions
Most members of these genera in other ecosystems on continents are mainly herbaceous
As such eruptions and their impacts due to ash depositions are frequent events on volcanic islands
several times within a century on La Palma
this is a “frequent” selective process at evolutionary time scales
this plasticity is tremendously beneficial in ecological catastrophes
their flight is limited by the delicate structure of their patagium
which can be damaged by the frequent pyroclastic tephra fall
scarcity of insects in the first few kilometres from the crater probably led to their displacement to other more distant and richer food resource zones
As we learned from the movement capacity of the vertebrate animals that still inhabited the affected area
resisted the eruptive process much better than those with less mobility
have not previously been associated with their potential evolution along with volcanic processes
such evolutionary adaptations most likely played an important role in the survival of plants and animals affected by the volcano
it is worth considering and debating whether these previously mentioned evolutionary processes are in fact also linked to repeated volcanic episodes on oceanic islands
The invertebrate fauna consists of a relatively low number of species
Lepidoptera or Hymenoptera should be highlighted
Vertebrate fauna is principally composed of 2 reptiles (both endemic to the Canaries: the lizard Gallotia galloti and gecko Tarentola delalandii)
about 12 breeding birds and one bat (Pipistrellus maderensis) endemic to the Canary and Madeira archipelagos
mammalian fauna introduced by humans inhabit the area
We studied the most important events affecting biodiversity during the three months of this eruption. A total of 32 original sample stations were studied at the beginning of the eruptive process, from the immediate vicinity of the main crater to the sea (lava delta) (see Fig. 1)
To follow up all these stations individually was impossible due to their ongoing destruction by new lava flows covering the habitat during the eruption
we tried to construct a realistic scenario of the vegetation before and during the arrival of lava and its progress down the slopes
we established a new one as a replacement within the 200 m band closest to the lava flows
a 30 × 30 m plot was chosen to inventory and monitor the biodiversity present
The procedure was continued during the whole eruption process to gain a complete picture of the volcanic impact on the habitat and its evolution over time
These stations were selectively located to include the most natural areas to be found near the lava flows
Our inventory quantified the species of flora and fauna in those areas; flowering plants
lizards and birds were intensively monitored as the most important groups in biomass represented in the ecosystem
A more approximate count and follow-up of insects and bats was also carried out
We worked up to a proximity of 1 km from the crater
following the security guidelines set by the Volcanic Emergency Plan of the Canary Islands (PEVOLCA)
we closely observed areas within 200 m of the volcanic lava flows
including their advancing front and the flanks
32 workstations surrounding the expanding terrestrial area of the eruption were censused and monitored
from the main crater down to the sea shore
Concerning the flora in the 30 × 30 m plots
together with their vital and conservation state
we performed censuses of birds during 5 min periods
detailing our distance (± 10 m) from each contact and whether they were heard or seen in the first 3 h after sunrise
Lizards were counted from 3 h after sunrise until 3:00 p.m
in a 2 × 30 m band within the plot and assigned a body size according to snout-vent length (small: < 7 cm
Both censuses were done in the same plots as plants
Invertebrates were inventoried and followed up by 30 min visual surveys in a 50 × 50 m plot covering all three habitats
The number of plots in the respective habitats corresponded to their relative surface area
Only invertebrates on plants and soils or in flight were recorded
because under-rock invertebrates disappeared below the lava flows and falling tephra
There was a previously available dataset for this animal group from this zone and season due to recent work by one author (RG)
To compare these previous data (quantified by a rank order; rare: 1–5 exx
occasional: 6–10 exx and frequent: > 10 exx) with those obtained during the eruption
information was gathered on the natural history of the area
which allowed us to verify the changes that occurred in animal behaviour
the state of plants and each interaction between animals and plants
Categorical data analyses (Chi-square) were carried out using the statistical package R 4.0.2.44
We compared the lizard abundance during each two-week period in both the zone up to 2.5 km from the crater and beyond this distance
The same methodology was applied to the six most abundant bird species
An ENE-WSW thickness profile was synthesized from these measurements to depict the distribution of the pyroclast deposits along the southern border of the new lava field where the biodiversity observations were made
The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in the Dryad repository, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzgzr
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Prebiotic synthesis in volcanic discharges: Lightning
Volcano ecology: Disturbance characteristics and assembly of biological communities
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FloCan- A revised checklist for the flora of the Canary Islands
High-resolution Digital Surface Model of the 2021 eruption deposit of Cumbre Vieja volcano
Copernicus Emergency Management Service (© 2021 European Union), EMSR546: https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSR546
Volume and stratigraphy of the Cumbre Vieja 2021 eruption tephra fallout
Impact of sudden volcanic sulphur emissions on the vegetation of La Palma
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The historic eruptions of La Palma Island (Canarias)
Signatures of volcanism and aridity in the evolution of an insular pine (Pinus canariensis Chr
Fire adaptations in the Canary Islands pine (Pinus canariensis)
Effects of modern volcanic eruptions on vegetation
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Temporal and palaeoclimatic context of the evolution of insular woodiness in the Canary Islands
Molecular evidence for multiple origins of woodiness and a New World biogeographic connection of the Macaronesian Island endemic Pericallis (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
Island colonization and evolution of the insular woody habit in Echium L
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Island woodiness underpins accelerated disparification in plant radiations
drought and island isolation favoured rampant evolutionary transitions towards insular woodiness
Animals and volcanoes: Survival and revival
Rapid decline of the volcanically threatened Monserrat Oriole
Changes in female reproduction and body condition in an endemic lizard
following the Puyehue volcanic ashfall event
The response of two lizard species to ash from fire and volcanism
Sublethal pathology in bats associated with stress and volcanic activity on Monserrat
Site fidelity in the Canary Islands stonechat Saxicola dacotiae in relation to spatial and temporal patterns of habitat suitability
The dynamic trophic niche of an island bird of prey
Bioclimatology and climatophilous vegetation of Hierro (part 2) and La Palma (Canary Islands)
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40Ar–39Ar ages and magnetostratigraphy of Brunhes and Matuyama lava sequences from La Palma Island
Evidence for a persistent uplifting of La Palma (Canary Islands)
inferred from morphological and radiometric data
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R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ (2022)
Download references
Daily interchange of biological information with our team of volcanologists was the key to better understanding many details of the impact of this 85-day eruption on the rich local biodiversity
Jesica López provided us with important references
and Juan Ignacio Padrón and Jesús Marco provided all kinds of logistic support
We thank the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Real Decreto 1078/2021
to fund the research activities of the CSIC-PIE project with ID numbers CSIC-LAPALMA-02 and CSIC-LAPALMA-05
The manuscript was proof edited by Guido Jones
currently funded by the Cabildo de Tenerife
under the TFinnova Programme supported by MEDI and FDCAN funds
This article is dedicated to the memory of Aurelio Acevedo Rodríguez for his defence of Canarian biodiversity
Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Gestión y Planeamiento Territorial y Ambiental (Gesplan S.A.)
Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal
Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22863-0
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Spain will formally ask the European Commission to activate the EU Solidarity Fund to obtain extra resources to repair the damage caused by the volcanic eruption on La Palma island
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez announced on Friday
The European Union Solidarity Fund (EUSF) was set up to provide finance to respond to major natural disasters. [Shutterstock/Alexandros Michailidis]