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Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1204472 This article is part of the Research TopicEnzyme-based TheranosticsView all 7 articles Ubiquitin is a small protein that can be added onto target protein for inducing target degradation thereby modulating the activity and stability of protein a class catalase that can remove ubiquitin from substrate protein provide a positive regulation of the protein amount at transcription level The reversible and dynamic ubiquitination-deubiquitination process plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis which is critical to almost all the biological processes the metabolic dysregulation of deubiquitinases often lead to serious consequences including the growth and metastasis of tumors deubiquitinases can be served as key drug targets for the treatment of tumors The small molecule inhibitors targeting deubiquitinases has become one of the hot spots of anti-tumor drug research areas This review concentrated on the function and mechanism of deubiquitinase system in the proliferation The research status of small molecule inhibitors of specific deubiquitinases in tumor treatment is introduced aiming to provide reference for the development of clinical targeted drugs Process of Ubiquitination and deubiquitination Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 initiates the ubiquitination process by activating ubiquitin in dependence on ATP the activated ubiquitin is transferred onto the ubiquitin-binding enzyme E2 the target protein is recognized with the cooperation of ubiquitin ligase E3 ubiquitin can bind to the target protein’s Lys residue thereby triggering a series of enzymatic reactions and eventually inducing hydrolysis of target protein by protease DUBs can hydrolyze the peptide bond of ubiquitin separate ubiquitin from the substrate protein This review aimed to introduce the effects of DUBs on tumor progression and the impacts of DUBs on tumor cell growth as well as the current research situation and development of DUBs inhibitors Effect of DUBs on tumor cell proliferation ABRO1 recruits USP7 and induces deubiquitination of Mdm2 and P53; USP21 induces FOXM1 and MEK2 deubiquitination; USP14 and USP22 can activate PI3K via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway USP43 inhibits the degradation of ZEB1 protein by deubiquitination; OTUD6A can stabilize DRP1 by deubiquitination; All the processes promote the proliferation of tumor cells DUBs are closely related to the metastasis of a variety of tumors and the treatment of targeted DUBs is expected to inhibit tumor metastasis how to use autophagy appropriately in cancer drug therapy is of particular importance Ubiquitination, as an important post-translational modification, participates in several autophagy stages (Grumati and Dikic, 2018). Accordingly, DUBs also have key regulatory effects on autophagy by targeting the ubiquitinated autophagic regulatory components or autophagic substrates (Magraoui et al., 2015) Deubiquitinase inhibitors in tumor therapy causing difficulties in the clinical translation of DUBs inhibitors With significant improvements in biochemical analysis and screening techniques an increasing number of small-molecule DUBs inhibitors have been discovered Transforming small-molecule inhibitors into specific probes to explore the downstream regulatory mechanisms of DUBs can provide a certain foundation for the clinical evaluation of drug-like molecules and also provide various tools for further analysis of related regulatory processes and drug efficacy evaluation in disease models We believe that DUBs and their inhibitors have a bright future in the field of cancer therapy and more exciting results will emerge in the future promoting them to eventually become the reliable clinical targets for cancer therapy and BL: paper writing and data collection; J-CC and XL: data collection; HL and J-CW: supervision and paper revision All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (Grant number: 823MS167) and Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (Grant number: ZDYF2022SHFZ283) Our thanks should go to The team from School of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan University The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher Improving survival by exploiting tumour dependence on stabilized mutant p53 for treatment PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Mechanism and function of deubiquitinating enzymes PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP7 inhibitor P5091 inhibits Wnt signaling and colorectal tumor growth PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar FOXM1 deubiquitination by USP21 regulates cell cycle progression and paclitaxel sensitivity in basal-like breast cancer PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar A role of HAUSP in tumor suppression in a human colon carcinoma xenograft model PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP37 promotes lung cancer cell migration by stabilizing snail protein via deubiquitination PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar A novel deubiquitinase inhibitor b-AP15 triggers 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Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP21 deubiquitinase promotes pancreas cancer cell stemness via Wnt pathway activation PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Deubiquitinase DUB3 regulates cell cycle progression via stabilizing cyclin A for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP14 activation promotes tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar OTUB1 de-ubiquitinating enzyme promotes prostate cancer cell invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo[J] PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP19 modulates autophagy and antiviral immune responses by deubiquitinating Beclin-1 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The deubiquitinating enzyme USP20 stabilizes ULK1 and promotes autophagy initiation PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar WP1130 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promote tumor growth PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in cancer PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP21 regulates Hippo signaling to promote radioresistance by deubiquitinating FOXM1 in cervical cancer PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Proteasome-associated deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 14 regulates prostate cancer proliferation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing androgen receptor PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Growth arrest and apoptosis induction in androgen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells by inhibition of USP14-mediated androgen receptor deubiquitination PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar WP1130 increases doxorubicin sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through usp9x-dependent p53 degradation PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Deubiquitinases in cancers: Aspects of proliferation CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Discovery of inhibitors that elucidate the role of UCH-L1 activity in the H1299 lung cancer cell line PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar USP17 mediates macrophage-promoted inflammation and stemness in lung cancer cells by regulating TRAF2/TRAF3 complex formation PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar RPN11 deubiquitinase promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Deubiquitinase PSMD14 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis by stabilizing GRB2 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Autophagy-related deubiquitinating enzymes involved in health and disease PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar ZRANB1 enhances stem-cell-like features and accelerates tumor progression by regulating Sox9-mediated USP22/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ubiquitin 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for hepatocellular carcinoma and other digestive tumors PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Demethylation of the HACE1 gene promoter inhibits the proliferation of human liver cancer cells PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Deubiquitylase OTUD3 regulates PTEN stability and suppresses tumorigenesis PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar ABRO1 suppresses tumourigenesis and regulates the DNA damage response by stabilizing p53 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Ubiquitin ligase CHIP regulates OTUD3 stability and suppresses tumour metastasis in lung cancer PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 regulates AKT/mTOR signaling PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Lidocaine inhibits the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating USP14 induced PI3K/Akt pathway PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Breast cancer metastasis suppressor OTUD1 deubiquitinates SMAD7 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar OTUB1 protein suppresses mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity by deubiquitinating the mTORC1 inhibitor DEPTOR PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar is a physiological substrate of SCFβTrCP E3 Ubiquitin ligase and regulates survival and autophagy PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar OTUB1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through modulating Snail stability PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar OTUB1 promotes metastasis and serves as a marker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar MicroRNA-205 regulates ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Liu H and Wu J-C (2023) A review of deubiquitinases and thier roles in tumorigenesis and development Received: 12 April 2023; Accepted: 03 May 2023;Published: 12 May 2023 Copyright © 2023 Liang, Wang, Liu, Chen, Cao, Chu, Lin, Liu and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited in accordance with accepted academic practice distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms *Correspondence: Hui Liu, aHVpaHVpMjU4MDhAMTYzLmNvbQ==; Jin-Cai Wu, d3VqaW5jYWkwMjFAMTI2LmNvbQ== †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher 94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or goodLearn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish Awards Cover Gallery Contact Update contact info Donate Submit a Biz Buzz announcement School News Submit a Chalkboard announcement Sports Submit a sports score Obituaries Submit paid obituary Entertainment SearchThier named Tiburon mayor, Welner is vice mayor in annual shuffling of seats Francisco MartinezDec 11 20241 min readTiburon Town Councilmember Holli Thier (left) was elected by her colleagues Dec while Councilmember Jon Welner was elected vice mayor (Francisco Martinez / For The Ark)Town Councilmember Holli Thier has stepped into the role of mayor for the second time while colleague Jon Welner has been named vice mayor Both were elected by their colleagues in separate 4-0 votes at the council’s Dec Thier joined the council in 2017 and was reelected alongside colleague Isaac Nikfar in a four-way race on the Nov She previously served as mayor in 2021 and this time assumes the role from Alice Fredericks who completed her fifth turn as mayor and remains on the council Read the complete story in our e-edition, or SUBSCRIBE NOW for home delivery and access to the digital replica Comment on this article on Nextdoor The Ark, twice named the nation's best small community weekly accountability journalism with a mission to increase civic engagement and participation by providing the knowledge that can help sculpt the community and change lives. Your support makes this possible © 2025 The Ark, AMMI Publishing Co. Inc. | 1550 Tiburon Blvd. Ste. D, Tiburon, CA 94920 | 415-435-2652 | Privacy Policy | Designed by Kevin Hessel Thanks for visiting The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here New Catechetical Director Aims to Help Teachers Model Christ for Students Young Catholic School Teacher Receives Top Award for Literacy Work Humble Service Mark Priest’s 100 years Archdiocesan Priest Reflects on Life with Gratitude as He Turns 100 who celebrates his 50th anniversary of ordination this year has a unique ministry that keeps him young In addition to his being a priest of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia he is a member of the Congregation of the Oratory of St across from the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Fairmount section of Philadelphia or chief officer of the oratory while Father Convery is pastor of St their little community also includes two younger religious brothers in formation for the priesthood They are Brother Joseph Mosko and Brother Joshua Vargas Charles Seminary with residence at the oratory In addition to the sanctification of its members Francis Xavier has a special focus on the evangelization of young adults a major population in that part of the city Father Thiers credits spiritual formation to his “two wonderful parents Walter and Adeline,” and good holy priests both at St Raymond Parish in Philadelphia and Bishop McDevitt High School Collegeville and taught at Cardinal O’Hara High School and Lansdale Catholic High School before the founding of the Oratory at St The oratory movement itself was founded by St Philip Neri in Rome in 1575 and first introduced to the English-speaking world by St “Newman is very contemporary,” Father Thiers said Philip a pastoral approach that was a response to rampant secularism.” Philip Neri differ from a typical religious order or congregation in that members are not bound to it by vows Although they have stability and may remain at the same oratory for life they may leave for a different ministry as a priest if they so choose Father Thiers credits his own entrance into the oratory through reading biographies of St whose canonization he attended last October Father Theirs is especially taken by the episcopal motto of St That this particular oratory is located at St Francis Xavier Parish is a happy coincidence Philip Neri (1515-1595) and the great missionary St Francis Xavier (1506-1552) were contemporaries and as a seminarian Philip confided to his confessor that he would like to join Francis in the mission fields “Rome is your India,” his confessor told him referring to the rampant secularism in his home city Most of the young adults who come to the Oratory at St Francis Xavier for spiritual direction are post-college because so many young professionals live in that part of the city “People who don’t go to college have souls too,” Father Thiers said Many of the young people remain active at the oratory after marriage but very often after the birth of their first child they relocate to the suburbs the spiritual guidance and formation they received from Father Thiers and the other members of the Oratory at St Francis will stay with them through the years ahead Catholics of a certain age know that the Latin ora pro nobis means “pray for us.” Hence an oratory is “a community of people who pray,” Father Thiers explained and central to the life of the oratory is daily prayer is based on “Do those who come have that personal commitment to the Lord and do they frequently celebrate the sacraments?” two decades at the oratory have taught Father Thiers humility “Your job is to be an instrument of God’s love.” CatholicPhilly.com works to strengthen the connections between people families and communities every day by delivering the news people need to know about the Catholic Church you and hundreds of other people become part of our mission to inform form in the Catholic faith and inspire the thousands of readers who visit every month Please join in the church's vital mission of communications by offering a gift in whatever amount that you can ― a single gift of $40 Your gift will strengthen the fabric of our entire Catholic community and sustain CatholicPhilly.com as your trusted news source PREVIOUS: The living tell the story of God’s goodness in pandemic’s wake USCCB: Statement of USCCB on Vatican’s Document Addressing Pastoral Blessings Pope Francis’ May 2023 Prayer Intention | Watch Video Catholic Charities of Philadelphia Returns to Roots Dan Tarrant Brings God to the World Through Catholic Filmmaking Foreign policy rarely dominates election campaigns but often goes on to define the tenure of prime ministers Consuelo Thiers analyses Keir Starmer’s personality traits and argues that he is likely to have a very different approach to foreign policy from previous UK prime ministers Keir Starmer got elected on a platform that focussed primarily on domestic policy but days into his premiership he was thrown into the world of foreign affairs and defence with NATO’s 75th anniversary summit in Washington And while Starmer has made some pledges about defence spending and continuing to support Ukraine in its war against Russia the public have little sense of his thinking and outlook on the rest of the world the public still have little sense of who Starmer himself is By analysing Starmer’s personality through his public statements and comparing them to former UK Prime Ministers we can get a sense of his decision-making style when it comes to foreign policy the potential re-election of Donald Trump in the US what can we expect from Starmer’s government on the international stage The Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA) framework proposed by Margaret Hermann allows researchers to assess leaders’ personalities and their impact on foreign policy based on their public statements The logic behind it is that the way key political figures speak in public addresses including their choice of words and phrases I used this framework to assess Keir Starmer’s personality traits to help shed light on his potential approach to foreign policy decision-making. Assisted by a computer programme I analysed 39,107 words from fourteen interviews given by Starmer between 22 May and 2 July 2024 focusing on press interviews and his responses to public questions during campaign events and debates By using spontaneous material instead of prepared speeches I aimed to obtain a more accurate account of his personality and avoid the influence of speechwriters These characteristics suggest that Starmer will challenge constraints internationally exerting both direct and indirect influence to bring about the changes he deems necessary This Leadership Trait Analysis provides scores for seven personality traits crucial for decision-making in foreign policy. Starmer’s scores were compared with a sample of twenty-three UK party leaders revealing that his profile is significantly different from most decision-makers Six of the seven traits measured are either substantially higher or lower than average Starmer’s beliefs in his ability to control external events and his need for power are particularly high Leaders with these traits are proactive and confident in shaping outcomes with a strong desire to influence the environment to achieve their political goals Starmer also displays a high level of conceptual complexity compared to other UK party leaders This suggests he is flexible and capable of seeing nuances in the international environment Starmer is likely to gather a wide range of information and consider different points of view before making a decision While this approach can lead to more balanced decisions it may also potentially delay the decision-making process Starmer exhibits very high distrust towards the world reflecting a general doubt and uneasiness about others In terms of what motivates leaders to seek office Starmer shows a high relationship orientation and a low task orientation compared to other UK leaders Leaders with similar traits focus more on maintaining group morale and building relationships than on completing tasks It is expected that he will be highly attuned to what people want and need which correlates with a less confrontational approach and a greater capacity to perceive and engage in win-win agreements Leaders high in distrust highly value loyalty Now, how does Starmer’s profile compare to two key figures in the Conservative Party? Can we expect drastic changes? Previous works using the same framework show that Starmer shares some relevant characteristics with both Sunak and Johnson but also diverges in some important areas and Johnson all have a very high belief in their ability to control events and a strong need for power which makes these leaders defiant of constraints on the international stage these three leaders share a high focus on relationships and a low focus on tasks Starmer and Sunak both exhibit a high degree of distrust towards others who scores average in this trait compared to other UK leaders These characteristics indicate that Starmer is likely to influence international policy significantly but with a tendency to be wary and potentially confrontational towards perceived adversaries A major difference among the three leaders is Starmer’s very high conceptual complexity compared to the very low levels shown by Johnson and Sunak This suggests that Starmer is more capable of balancing different opinions and avoiding black-and-white perceptions of international matters Starmer shows the lowest in-group bias of the three which could lead to a better capacity for negotiation and reaching agreements Starmer’s personality is characterised by a high belief in his ability to control events While he shares some traits with previous Conservative Prime Ministers his unique profile suggests a leader who is both proactive and nuanced All articles posted on this blog give the views of the author(s) and not the position of LSE British Politics and Policy nor of the London School of Economics and Political Science Image credit: Michael Tubi on Shutterstock Consuelo Thiers is a Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Edinburgh and her research focuses on the application of psychologically oriented and agent-based approaches to understanding decision-making in International Relations Consuelo Thiers is a Fellow in International Security at the Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals – IBEI She holds a PhD from the University of Edinburgh and a Master's in International Studies from Universidad de Chile She is an interdisciplinary scholar working at the intersection of psychology Her research interests include enduring rivalries and the psychological assessment of political leaders She also has a particular interest in the foreign policies of Latin America Her research has been published in International Studies Quarterly and the British Journal of Politics and International Relations by Consuelo Thiers | 25 August, 2023 | Academia Current trends in the academic job market paint a bleak picture universities reveal a drop in job postings in the Politics field over the past three years and a decline in tenure-track positions over the last decade APSA reported that 53.12% of job listings were non-tenure track 54% of academic job advertisements across disciplines were for fixed-term positions With an excess of PhD graduates and a dwindling number of academic openings many are now increasingly seeking jobs outside academia Rights to all original content are held by its respective authors and provided under a CC-BY-NC-SA license Walking into one of the knife boutiques in the French town of Thiers was like walking into a watch store in Switzerland There were so many dazzling choices: rare folding knives with real mammoth-tooth handles and hand-forged Damascus steel blades that sell for thousands of euros beside handsome pocket knives and hunting knives priced anywhere between €50 to €500 I was a kid in a candy store.Thiers is widely known among those of us afflicted with chronic knife-geekery as the European capital of fine My thing is artisanal pocket knives with a corkscrew The corkscrew requirement helps restrict my knife-purchasing urges that might otherwise spiral out of control and makes the knife a more practiced accomplice in my joie de vivre I never leave home without choosing a knife from my little collection and dropping it in my pocket even if it means ridiculously cutting the top off a banana I’d been drawn to this small Auvergne town (population 11,600) by its long history of craftsmanship Knives were being made here at least as far back as the 15th Century according to the ancient grindstones found just below town by the Durolle River wearing a traditional blue workman’s tunic proudly led me to a version of the area’s iconic knife when the Confrerie du Couteau Le Thiers (Brotherhood of the Thiers Knife) was set up to make a knife distinctive to their town Fifteen local master knife-makers (including Chambriard) based on ideas from their 16th-Century guild forefathers and excellent function,” Chambriard told me in French the proof of those priorities is evident in the many subtle variations – perhaps a proportionally longer blade or embellished handle – upon the approved graceful design These fine modern folding knives are assembled usually by one artisan metal snips and electric belt grinders and polishers which has been operating under different family names since 1919 The shop offers a variety of knives in many styles including a version of the iconic Le Thiers I called and asked if I could come to the shop and order a Le Thiers knife choosing in person the exact piece of material for the handle certainement,” said Monsieur Stéphane Brossard Brossard showed me knife after knife with various handles and blades Stainless steel with a satin finish perhaps Or did I want to splurge on intricately patterned Damascus steel orange-and-green tinted camel bone and a beautiful Damascus steel blade one does not make the pilgrimage to Thiers every day Stéphane Renard has been a coutelier (knife maker) in Thiers for 25 years I watched as he assembled the six pieces that make up most folding knives: two handle pieces plus the additional piece that is obligatoire for me: the corkscrew During the 90 minutes Renard spent assembling polishing and otherwise fine-tuning my knife clearly delighted to meet the person for whom he was making this fine knife My beautiful new knife is a classic Le Thiers But as steeped in tradition as knife-making is in this town not every local artisan bows at that altar who grew up near Paris in a family that had nothing to do with knife making has been a coutelier in Thiers since he was an 18-year-old apprentice which has quickly gained him a following among connoisseurs as kind of a beloved bad boy not every local artisan bows at that altar.Lannier got into the trade thanks to his misspent youth in medieval role-playing games while listening to a lot of heavy metal music His knives are decidedly not traditional Le Thiers Sharply bevelled handles are cut from colourful resins or old vinyl records layered with anything from tartan designs to album labels Did he ever apply to become a member of the venerable Confrerie de Couteau de Thiers “Hell, no!” he said in perfect English. One of his most popular knives is named ‘Why So Serious?’ a tribute to the late actor Heath Ledger in his role as the Joker in Batman trying to decide which of hundreds of exquisite knives they might choose I was one of them during three days of window-shopping seeing so many beauties I could have happily brought into the family Join over three million BBC Travel fans by liking us on Facebook, or follow us on Twitter and Instagram If you liked this story, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter called "If You Only Read 6 Things This Week". A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Earth, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday. Rome's most stunning optical illusions revealedFrom the Malta Knights keyhole to a set of vanishing columns, discover the Eternal City's visual secrets. 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Malaysian trade minister on US tariffsMalaysia's minister Zafrul Aziz will be representing the ASEAN bloc in its negotiations with the US. “This project represents the forward-thinking of the City of Nice to create a major architectural landmark and to rejuvenate the surrounding area near the Theirs Station in this historic city,” states architect Daniel Libeskind Atelier FévrierCarré and MDI Architecture together with landscape architects Jean Mus and interior architects Zatti Interiors are soon completing Gare Thiers-Est for developers Compagnie de Phalsbourg which the team won in an international competition sponsored by the City of Nice and ESA Engineering are listed as partners for the realization of the development The project is part of a comprehensive urban redevelopment of Thier’s main station; and when completed it will include the design of 20,000 square meters of high-end commercial space and a restaurant offering an open roof terrace with views towards the sea on the top floor Part of a major urban redevelopment of Thiers central station and its surroundings the project will reconnect the urban fabric by creating new pedestrian connections between the station and the street and the North and South neighborhoods that are currently separated by the railways and the Pierre-Mathis road the building will house the new headquarters of Hilton Hotels and offices of a start-up listed on the French stock exchange Les Agences de Papa – a real estate company managed by Frédéric Ibanez Inspired by technological innovation and modernity the project will include flexible spaces designed to foster collaboration with a rooftop dedicated to the recording of podcasts and other business communications Libekind’s architectural form is inspired by the mineral forms of azurite—a mineral endemic to the region—each peak is conceived as a harmonious crystallization whose edges speak to Avenue Jean Médecin. The reflective façade is covered with metal as facets and scales with serigraphs on the windows that reflect the neighboring buildings with multiple faces rising nearly 40 meters high to obscure the rail tracks The strong architectural identity of the project will be visible from the avenues Thiers and Jean Médecin as well as from the railway area Project: Gare Thiers-EstArchitects: Studio Daniel LibeskindArchitects of Record: Atelier FévrierCarré ArchitectsCollaborating Architects: MDI ArchitectureLandscape Architects: Jeans Mus & CieInterior Architects: Zatti InteriorsEngineers: ESA EngineeringStructural Engineers: CE-N Civil Engineering NetworkInterior Contractor: Agilité SolutionsClient: Compagnie de Phalsbourg Input your search keywords and press Enter You can see how this popup was set up in our step-by-step guide: https://wppopupmaker.com/guides/auto-opening-announcement-popups/ Votre newsletter personnalisée pour faciliter vos déplacements et vos sorties pendant les Jeux Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive updates on new posts scientists have been documenting the plants and fungi of the world through herbaria is a unique source of data that not only helps scientists understand how the world’s vegetation has changed over time but also allows them to predict how it will change in the future In Herbarium, soon to be published by Timber Press, Barbara M. Thiers—Vice President and the Patricia K. Holmgren Director of The New York Botanical Garden’s Steere Herbarium—shares the fascinating history of herbaria and the important role they play in our modern world In it she explains how recent innovations that allow us to see things at both the molecular level and on a global scale can be applied to herbaria specimens helping us address some of the most critical problems facing the world today and spotlighting humanity’s better impulse to save things—not just for ourselves It’s sure to be a must-read for passionate plant fans and conservationists alike with abundant photographs and unique historical material from the collections at NYBG We invite you to preorder Herbarium here ahead of its December 8 publication and stay tuned for more information as we near the big day Posted in Interesting Plant Stories on October 7, 2014 by Stevenson Swanson Stevenson Swanson is The New York Botanical Garden’s Science Media Manager One of the most important projects underway at The New York Botanical Garden is the ongoing effort to make the preserved plant specimens in the William and Lynda Steere Herbarium available online That means more than just taking high-resolution digital images of the plants It also entails entering all of the information about the specimens Of the 7.4 million specimens now in the Steere Herbarium—the largest in the Western Hemisphere and one of the four largest in the world—Botanical Garden science staff have already digitized more than 2.3 million of them as more specimens become available online at the Steere Herbarium and elsewhere plant scientists and other researchers will be able to compile massive amounts of data about Earth’s plant life for the first time The Huffington Post has published a piece by Dr the Garden’s Vice President for Science Adminstration and the Patricia K in which she talks about one very important use for this newly available data: gaining a better understanding of the potential impact of climate change on ecosystems You can read more about the Garden’s digitization project here 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458-5126 Directions Call: 718.817.8700 Contact us Privacy Policy Press Room Jobs By subscribing, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Drôle de Monsieur has debuted its first-ever footwear collaboration, partnering with heritage French shoemaker Paraboot for the seasonal release. The collaboration builds on the golf influence of Drôle de Monsieur’s Spring/Summer 2022 collection reworking the Thiers silhouette from the Paraboot archive The shoe’s sports a mixed material construction of plain leather and suede as well as a color blocked design with bright colors inspired by the world of golf This approach references the collaboration’s ethos of mixing elegance and sporty and is continued onto a small apparel capsule collection consisting of a Paraboot-branded hat and a hoodie declaring “Not From Paris Madame.” Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Aaron Thier was born in Baltimore and raised in Williamstown He is the author of two novels: The Ghost Apple a semifinalist for the 2015 Thurber Prize for American Humor He writes a column for Lucky Peach and he is a regular contributor to The Nation My fiscal plan for the spring consisted of hoping that a shoebox of cash would arrive in the mail but I never did think that the shoebox was real and that news of its arrival would come by telephone and when I started getting calls from a D.C I assumed that it was the Health Insurance Marketplace Grateful though I am to the Health Insurance Marketplace The only reason I picked up the phone a week later was that I suddenly began to fear that our 2016 health coverage was not squared away after all But it wasn’t the Health Insurance Marketplace Instead it was the NEA notifying me that a shoebox of cash would be arriving in the mail which feels unprovoked and wildly generous The money arrives just ahead of a baby and it means that my wife and I can buy the things we need and I can work on my new novel which is about a young couple who can’t afford to buy the things they need aren’t sure if their health coverage is squared away and are chased across America by the Old Testament god For breakfast the ancient mariner fried sweet plantains in the kitchen shed at the back of the yard but he offered us a thick milky liquid called po Azar drank some out of a little tin cup and professed himself a changed man and I felt like an angel had sneezed in my face “Do you remember the invention of chewing gum?” “First only clove-flavored gum,” said the ancient mariner But you have to understand what they meant to us Today no one remembers and gum comes in a bright envelope that you close with a little flap and you chew it and you stroll around and you feel like the Soldan of Aden.” “And pepper is so cheap that they give it away in paper packets!” He jerked his head around and bounced on his heels a smile that creased up his face like a baseball mitt From certain angles he was still a handsome man “If you could take one item back with you to the sixteenth century,” Azar said setting the camera on the table in front of him “I had malaria for a hundred years,” said the ancient mariner Monday Tuesday Saturday Friday Friday Friday Wednesday Friday Monday Friday two challengers have entered the race for two open seats in Rehoboth Beach’s annual municipal election Suzanne Goode and Craig Thier filed paperwork with the city May 13 and May 14 said she’s running because the city needs to rein in spending citizens aren't given any feedback to their questions and concerns She wants to change that policy so free speech is restored for sitting commissioners “Local issues are the ones which affect us deeply Goode said she would like to speed up the permit process and the city’s infrastructure is her top priority in the next three years “I hope common sense and due diligence on my part will contribute to more reasonable decisions in city hall,” said Goode “I want to thank all stakeholders in Rehoboth for the honor of being considered for their vote.” Thier said he is running for office to help the city ensure financial stability by improving and enhancing its budgeting and comprehensive development plan processes Thier said he has 15 years of experience doing this as the founding partner of Blue Line Planning He said he helped organizations of various sizes improve their budgeting and forecasting processes by implementing software solutions and adopting best practices Their said he’s served on a board of education in New Jersey for 12 years “Through this experience I have an excellent understanding of the role responsibilities and time commitment of a city commissioner,” said Thier in the first term of her second stint as a commissioner are the two commissioners up for re-election this year Bennett said he has not decided on his path forward He is weighing the demands of a full-time job and of a commissioner There hasn’t been an election in Rehoboth Beach since Sharp and Bennett defeated incumbent Commissioner Richard Byrne and former Planning Commissioner Rachel Macha in 2021 Commissioner Edward Chrzanowski won re-election and Commissioner Francis “Bunky” Markert was elected after incumbent Commissioner Susan Gay decided not to run for re-election it appeared there would be an election when Mayor Stan Mills incumbent Commissioner Jay Lagree and first-time challenger Don Preston filed Lagree withdrew his name from the race shortly after the filing deadline The deadline for candidates to file a nominating petition is 4:30 p.m. Nominating petitions must be signed by no fewer than 10 and no more than 25 qualified electors of the city voters must be at least 18; a city resident or freeholder for at least 30 days or a 10-year leaseholder for at least six months; and registered in the city's Book of Registered Voters The deadline to register to vote in this election is 4:30 p.m. Absentee ballots will be available beginning Wednesday and will be mailed to all who have a request form on file Absentee ballot request forms must be filed no later than noon Absentee ballots must be received via mail or in person before polls close on election day To request a nominating petition or for more election information, contact the city’s staff election officials Donna Moore or Steven Perry by emailing elections@cityofrehoboth.com or calling 302-227-6181 Editor’s note: Commissioner Tim Bennett’s comments were added to the online version after the deadline for the print version had passed Chris Flood has been working for the Cape Gazette since early 2014 He currently covers Rehoboth Beach and Henlopen Acres but has also covered Dewey Beach and the state government business stories and random stories on subjects he finds interesting and he also writes a column called Choppin’ Wood that runs every other week Flood moonlights as the company’s circulation manager which primarily means fixing boxes that are jammed with coins during daylight hours but sometimes means delivering papers in the middle of the night He’s a graduate of the University of Maine and the Landing School of Boat Building & Design THIER Dyersville Benedict “Ben” R The Gazette publishes obituaries on a daily basis. Use the search field above to search for obituaries by name or keyword. Readers can submit an obituary or submit a milestone to The Gazette The obituary must be submitted before 1 p.m for publication on thegazette.com at 6 p.m with the exception of obituaries for Sunday publication at home surrounded by his family following a courageous but brief battle with cancer Visitation will continue from 8:30 to 9:30 a.m A Mass of Christian Burial will be held at 10 a.m Francis Xavier Basilica in Dyersville with burial in the church cemetery the son of Arthur and Catherine (White) Thier He graduated from Beckman High School with the Class of 1977 and from Loras College in 1981 a company their father and grandfather co-founded in 1946 (originally known as Dyersville Ready Mix) Ben's career with Bard Materials lasted 35 years He was currently vice president of finance having been on the original Ghost Players team at the Field of Dreams He continued to share his passion as he coached Little League in Dyersville He was a member of the Knights of Columbus Council 1734 the Dyersville Lions Club and a member of the St Those left to cherish his memory are his wife Olivia and Thomas "T.J.," all at home; siblings Lois Taylor of Dyersville; a sister-in-law He was preceded in death by his parents and his father-in-law Xavier Grade School or Beckman Catholic High School Online condolences may be left for the family at www.kramerfuneral.com The Gazette has been informing Iowans with in-depth local news coverage and insightful analysis for over 140 years independent journalism with a subscription today © 2025 The Gazette | All Rights Reserved A Double Visions bartender told Horsham Police that she did not know why 55-year-old Joseph Oesterle Thiers was asked by the club's managers and sons of the owner Phil and Jason Catagnus to leave the Easton Road bar Saturday evening prior to the 6:34 p.m according to the affidavit of probable cause filed in Horsham's district court.After Thiers heeded insistence from the managers to leave the woman reportedly told Horsham Police that he returned 10 or 15 minutes later entered through the rear door and walked "calmly" to the opening in the bar "where he raised his left arm with a gun in his hand," according to court documents The woman said she tucked herself into the corner of the bar and heard two gunshots One of the entertainers at Double Visions described Thiers as a "semi-regular patron" and told Horsham Police that she let him in after he rang the buzzer for the rear door and reportedly told her "I am looking for Phil," according to court records she saw a revolver in his hand behind his back A patron told Horsham Police that he had just returned to his seat when he saw an arm rise and "heard a pop." The man told police that he saw Thiers fire the second shot the man told police he fled outside and saw Thiers "walk nonchalantly" back to his pickup truck The man heard two or three more shots before allegedly seeing Thiers drive north onto Route 611 "like a normal person," according to the affidavit Thiers reportedly put the pedal to the metal leading authorities on a high-speed chase into Warrington Township "at speeds of about 80 miles per hour," according to court documents.Thiers failed to stop for officers' emergency lights and sirens The pursuit came to an end in the driveway of 2297 Warwick Road in Warrington after police said Thiers exited his truck "and took up a position behind a tree."Prior to his arrest police said Thiers raised his hands gripping a pistol held level to his chest and fired one or two shots in their direction police said Thiers also had a holstered Smith and Wesson six-shot .22 caliber revolver on his right hip with six spent shell casings in the cylinder was charged with four felony counts of attempted homicide a felony count of fleeing or attempting to elude officer as well as more than two dozen misdemeanor charges of simple assault recklessly endangering another person and terroristic threats A preliminary hearing before Horsham District Judge Harry J Get more local news delivered straight to your inbox. Sign up for free Patch newsletters and alerts. France faced one of its biggest uprisings in modern history: a popular socialist revolt Published: Oct 30, 2021written by Ilyas Benabdeljalil The year is 1871. France has been severely defeated in the 1870-1871 Franco-Prussian war The freshly established Third Republic struggles to form a working government and the French capital’s population despises the elected officials a major popular uprising shakes France and all of Europe to its core Pushing government officials out of the city the protestors set up their own form of government through a popular assembly where all the people of Paris had a say in matters of governance The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris) is born struggling to establish themselves as a working assembly and facing constant pressure from the French regular army the communards were crushed in what is remembered today as la semaine sanglante 20,000 insurrectionists were killed by French regular troops Understanding the Paris Commune requires going back to 1870, on the eve of the Franco-Prussian War, which had disastrous effects on France’s economy, and caused a decisive change of regimes. At the beginning of this conflict, France was an imperial monarchy led by Napoleon III, nephew of the infamous Napoleon Bonaparte the authoritarian rule of the emperor earned him the animosity of the republican factions the failure of the imperial government to resolve issues of poverty and the nepotism of the rich classes of society allowed for an easy spread of early socialist ideologies such as Proudhonism and Blanquism which will play a major role during the Paris Commune The relations between France and Prussia started deteriorating in the 1860s. By 1870, France successfully opposed the rise of a German prince to the throne of Spain, which was used as a pretext by the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck to declare war on July 19th a French army led by the Emperor himself surrendered in Sedan a provisional government of national defense was established in Paris proclaiming the emergence of a new republic and deciding to pursue the war against Prussia French authorities surrendered in late January 1871 signing an armistice and accepting humiliating peace conditions Prussian troops entered the capital and held a symbolic military parade before leaving the city and occupying 43 departments in the east of France The French soldiers present in the city saw in the Prussian parade a humiliation During the brief occupation, tension in Paris was already at its peak. Prussian soldiers wisely avoided parts of the city where opposition to peace was high and left after only two days. In such conditions, the first legislative elections of the Third Republic were organized on February 8th Due to the German occupation of Eastern France only non-occupied departments voted in the elections In order for the elected assembly to have legitimacy in all of France candidates were allowed to run in more than one constituency this election represented a hope to see their ideas implemented as policies it was not enough to mend the bridge between the two main political groups of the country Monarchists hoped to re-establish the Bourbon dynasty coupled with parliamentarism wished for the complete abolition of all forms of hereditary rule with an immediate separation between church and state The first matter of business for the president was to finalize the peace treaty with Germany From the Assembly’s quarters in Bordeaux in Southern France he agreed to the German conditions and ordered full disarmament of Paris right after the departure of foreign soldiers Thiers ordered that all canons positioned inside the city be moved back to military barracks gathering a strong force of loyalist soldiers the rebels announced the establishment of the Paris Commune declaring secession from the French Republic The freshly reformed French army quickly suppressed similar uprisings in Lyon Adolphe Thiers declared the communards to be enemies of France and democracy the leaders of the Paris Commune were struggling to form a working government Seeing itself as a political body governed directly by the people the Paris Commune was formed by municipal councilors elected by universal suffrage from the various arrondissements of the city with no prior experience in governments or politics and Emile Victor Duval were among the most famous communards The different branches of the administration were organized in a way that would allow direct control from the people The Paris Commune also imposed strict secularism: religious buildings were demoted to private properties effectively separating the state from the church the by-then restored republican government reenacted this separation issuing the famous law on laicity still going strong in France today The communards established a free-of-charge education system thus allowing children from all social classes to benefit from schools the Paris Commune was not against a French nation but they wanted it to be decentralized to the point where each department had a lot of autonomy with full control of its own public services and militias (set to replace the army) This form of government did not get the time needed to prove its efficacy Immediately after the expulsion of the elected republican government Adolphe Thiers was already preparing his counter-offensive the German Empire still held more than 720,000 French troops as prisoners those soldiers were sent to crush the uprisings in other self-declared communes (Lyon Saint Etienne) before being gathered in Versailles Having 120,000 soldiers at his disposal, Adolphe Thiers went on the offensive on March 21st. The operations were led by Marshal Patrice de Mac Mahon a monarchist French nobleman and skilled military tactician The Paris Commune’s armed force was composed mainly of volunteers with no military training or experience and the National Guard The communards failed to take control of some strategic positions at the outskirts of the capital the communards poorly managed the campaign severely mishandling their only offensive action that targeted to push governmental forces out of the prestigious monarchic palace Adolphe Thiers’ army started its attack on Paris the regular forces launched a full attack on the streets of the capital Communard’s resistance was crushed in what is remembered today as “the bloody week” (la semaine sanglante) It is said that the regular army’s attack was so harsh and effective that the city’s drains were filled with blood The French army adopted a ruthless strategy Only a few prisoners were taken while most communards were shot on sight The leaders of the Paris Commune adopted a similar strategy passing a “Decree on Hostages,” which mandated the arrest of many supposed opponents to the revolutionary regime The prisoners gathered by the Commune were subjected to quick judgments by popular tribunals and swift executions For seven days, the French army carved a bloody path for itself in the city. Countless combatants fell on both sides, but it was the communards who paid the biggest toll. More than 20,000 casualties were recorded in the revolutionaries’ ranks. Additionally, countless monuments were damaged: on May 23rd, the Tuileries Palace, the last residence of Louis XVI another famous monument of the French capital more than 45,000 communards were held as prisoners The French authorities dealt with them in different ways; some were executed Around 7,500 communards managed to flee Paris on the last day of battle a partial amnesty allowed the return of 400 deportees in Caledonia and 2,000 exiles allowing for the return of most communards to France the monarchist Marshall Patrice de MacMahon was elected president France was close to becoming a monarchy again under the pretender king Henry the 5th de Bourbon Socialism would also continuously gain support and sympathy from various worker movements culminating in 1917 with the famous October Revolution which would lead to the creation of the USSR Ilyas holds a BA in Political Science and an MA in International Relations and history and worked as a researcher for think tanks and consulting firms It is his strong passion for political and military history that brought him to TheCollector he is preparing for a PhD program in International Cooperation and Public Policy Scherer was in the Marine Corps from 1962 to 1966 He was part of the first regiment landing party in Vietnam “I’ve gone through the mill on a lot of different things," said Scherer For the past 20 years, he’s been the commander of the AMVETS Post 99 in Manitowoc “It helps a lot to get things out of your system," said Scherer "And I think it’s a great advocate to have some place to come to.” he was honored as the Manitowoc County Veteran of the Year The post is hoping for a big turnout at their annual Memorial Day picnic today after having to cancel it last year due to COVID “I hope it returns a sense of normalcy to a lot of people," said Tim Thiers Judge Advocate and Service Operator for AMVETS Post 99 "Plus recognizing the impact that veterans do have.” AMVETS Post 99 is looking to raise money to build a new post that will be all one floor The building they have now has a lot of stairs which keeps veterans who use wheelchairs from coming and taking advantage of the services “It’s comradery and bonding amongst veterans of all eras," he said Part of a brotherhood with those that have served I use the term brotherhood even though it’s we have female veterans also Although today’s event will help living veterans Thiers wants everyone to remember who this day is really about “it’s not for us living veterans," he said It’s a little bit of a pet peeve of mine when somebody says happy memorial day They don’t understand the concept of memorial day.” The memorial day picnic will go all day today from 11 a.m right outside the AMVETS Post 99 in Manitowoc Greg and Julie Thier never thought they'd have a little girl. and figured they were all done having children. "But you wanted one," 10-year-old Selena Thier said with a smile up at Julie Thier as she sat on the couch of their Cape Coral home Thursday. we waited for you," Julie Thier said. Selena had just returned home from a day of fourth grade at Caloosa Elementary School and soon would get ready to go to her dojo She's a purple belt in karate, Julie Thier said. "She's our little miracle," Greg Thier said "I went for a ride with a friend of mine one night and it's the day she celebrates each year as a birthday. She chooses to donate back to the community More: Community comes together to make ribbons in support of fallen officer Adam Jobbers-Miller she raised money for the Fort Myers Police Department's Fallen Officer Foundation and collected money at a birthday party held at the Skatium indoor skating center in Fort Myers Her parents helped her establish a GoFundMe page which raised $3,077.08 for fallen officers' families Selena started getting involved with law enforcement agencies and fire departments throughout Southwest Florida when her brother Josh Peterson became a Lee County sheriff's deputy about four years ago. Since then deputies and firefighters at multiple agencies participating in events and often stopping by to visit and show her appreciation More: Fundraiser for FMPD Patrolman Adam Jobbers-Miller She has a four-inch thick scrapbook full of photos Selena crafts hundreds of Christmas and holiday cards to distribute to the departments. Sometimes she'll bake cookies or bring them pins while they're out on the road She puts together toy baskets for officers to take to "bad calls" where kids involved may be stressed or scared Selena loves animals and wants to be a vet when she grows up but doesn't want to work on just any animals She does it all to let law enforcement and firefighters know how much she appreciates them More: Officer Jobbers-Miller's Jeep will be remodeled for Hero Project, which thanks first responders She's tucked some of their tokens of appreciation into the pages of her scrapbook: A "Do the Right Thing" award from one officer here She's pasted a photo of her with fallen officer Adam Jobbers-Miller and other officers to the board she made to display at her table when she raised money at Cops and Joggers She had met him through one of her many visits to the Fort Myers Police Department office and participation in law enforcement events She was inspired to give back to the Fallen Officer Foundation when she heard about officers who had been shot or hurt on the job A favorite moment of hers: visiting the sheriff's office and reciting prayer cards to deputies and it was 45 minutes before he was stabbed on a call in Bokeelia The fillet knife didn't pierce through his vest and only bruised his chest above his heart Selena said she hopes the money she raised can help keep other officers safe and I wanted to keep him safe and everybody else that was with him safe," she said Connect with this reporter: bbaitinger@news-press.com, 239-335-0213 or Twitter: @BaitingerBrooke followed by a set of Lettuce covers and originals who is the older brother of former Wu-Tang Clan member Ol’ Dirty Bastard introduced the band before they launched into a thumping instrumental to get the crowd hyped GZA joined the party with a certain ’90s rapper swagger The Brooklyn native looked thrilled to be on his home turf and was positively engaged with the crowd GZA performed his legendary Liquid Swords album in its entirety He also covered “Shimmy Shimmy Ya” by Ol’ Dirty Bastard as well as a pair of Wu-Tang Clan staples: “Reunited” and “Triumph.” He often flashed smiles to the fans along with a bit of traditional call and response Guitarist Adam Smirnoff sat in for one tune The Phunky Nomads also had a few moments to perform a medley of their own tunes without GZA GZA’s performance was truly special and a throwback to a different decade of hip-hop Lettuce never fails to impress or pack the house The Grammy-nominated band consisted of Adam Deitch (drums They began with a funk-laden instrumental before GZA sat in once again for three songs including “C.R.E.A.M.” and “Wu-Tang Clan Ain’t Nothing ta F Wit,” both off Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)—the Wu-Tang Clan’s debut album The fans were loving this synergistic collaboration Multiple band members flashed the Wu-Tang Clan hand sign Lettuce then settled back into their tasty funk-meets-hip-hop This included an inspired cover of “Everybody Wants to Rule the World,” by Tears for Fears executed in an alternative R&B fashion GZA decided to roam into the crowd briefly and was spotted taking selfies with a person in a wheelchair in the ADA section which brought a lot of joy to that individual and his entourage Lettuce played a number of jams that included inspired solos from each band member Brooklyn Steel was the perfect venue to host this stellar show and launch the final joint effort into the stratosphere Check out more photos from the show Progressive jam giants Umphrey's McGee‘s return to Las Vegas for the seventh installment of the massively popular UMBowl production was marked once again by a stand-out tour closing dual evening extravaganza where all stops were pulled out and the power given directly to the fans, for better or for worse. Privacy Policy Foreign Affairs has been the leading forum for serious discussion of American foreign policy and global affairs The magazine has featured contributions from many leading international affairs experts STEPHEN BIDDLE is Roger Hertog Senior Fellow for Defense Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations FOTINI CHRISTIA is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology J ALEXANDER THIER is Director for Afghanistan and Pakistan at the U.S Stephen Biddle, Fotini Christia The original plan for a post-Taliban Afghanistan called for rapid But such a vision no longer appears feasible Many Americans are now skeptical that even a stable and acceptable outcome in Afghanistan is possible They believe that Afghanistan has never been administered effectively and is simply ungovernable Much of today's public opposition to the war centers on the widespread fear that whatever the military outcome there is no Afghan political end state that is both acceptable and achievable at a reasonable cost The Obama administration appears to share the public's skepticism about the viability of a strong But it does not think such an ambitious outcome is necessary Secretary of Defense Robert Gates observed in 2009 Afghanistan does not need to become "a Central Asian Valhalla." Yet a Central Asian Somalia would presumably not suffice Success in Afghanistan will thus mean arriving at an intermediate end state The Obama administration must identify and describe what this end state might look like Without clear limits on acceptable outcomes and NATO military campaign will be rudderless as will any negotiation strategy for a settlement with the Taliban there is a range of acceptable and achievable outcomes for Afghanistan But it is a mistake to assume that Afghanistan is somehow ungovernable or that any sacrifice would be wasted in the pursuit of an unachievable goal Afghanistan's own history offers ample evidence of the kind of stable decentralized governance that could meet today's demands without abandoning the country's current constitution By learning from this history and from recent experience in Afghanistan and elsewhere the United States can frame a workable definition of success in Afghanistan From the end of the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1880 to the coup of Mohammad Daud Khan in 1973 Afghanistan underwent a relatively stable and gradual period of state building Although the country was an absolute monarchy until 1964 needed the acquiescence of the population in order to govern The central government lacked the strength and resources to exercise local control or provide public goods in many parts of the country it ruled according to a series of bargains between the state and individual communities exchanging relative autonomy for fealty and a modicum of order as Kabul improved its capacity to offer services and to punish transgressors But whenever this process went too quickly—most notably in the 1920s under Amanullah Khan and in the 1970s under the Soviet-backed People's Democratic Party—conflict in the periphery erupted and local power brokers challenged the central authority The Soviet invasion in 1979 led to a fundamental breakdown of centralized authority and legitimacy which resulted in the diffusion of political and military power across a number of ethnic and geographic groups The era of dynastic control of the state by Pashtun elites is thus now over and the emergence of regional strongmen have destabilized the Afghan countryside local communities remain a fundamental source of Afghan identity and a critical base of governance and accountability This is especially clear in the case of the local jirga or shura (community council) the community council was a place to solve problems and negotiate over common goods and burdens with its more prominent members serving as liaisons to the central government These bodies may differ in their power and representation but they are still found today in virtually every community This traditional and local base of legitimacy offers a potential foundation for stable governance in the future would prefer to see Afghanistan—much as it would like to see any country—ruled in accordance with the will of the governed and the rights of its minorities and women respected But the United States' two main security interests in Afghanistan that justify waging a war are much narrower: one that terrorists who wish to strike the United States and its allies not use Afghanistan as their base that insurgent groups not use Afghanistan's territory to destabilize its neighbors There are many possible end states for Afghanistan but only a few are compatible with these national security interests Afghanistan could become a centralized democracy a regulated mix of democratic and nondemocratic territories The first and the last are unlikely; partition and anarchy are unacceptable But decentralized democracy and internal mixed sovereignty are both feasible and acceptable has pursued the model of centralized democracy As first envisaged in the 2001 Bonn agreement and then codified in the 2004 Afghan constitution this approach places virtually all executive and judicial authority in the national government It has created one of the most centralized states in the world The president appoints every significant official in the executive branch from provincial governors down to midlevel functionaries serving at the subprovincial level Although there are provisions to elect provincial only provincial council elections have been held thus far Karzai approved a new governance policy that devolves some local administrative and fiscal authority to appointed officials and provides modest auditing and budgetary powers to elected subnational bodies the Afghan state retains a remarkably centralized blueprint Political figures close to Karzai pushed for such a highly centralized government against the wishes of many non-Pashtun minorities—and despite Afghanistan's prior experience with failed Amanullah Khan aspired to be Afghanistan's Kemal Atatürk but his strategy ultimately led to serious rural upheaval The radical attempts at centralization under the Soviet-backed regimes that followed the 1978 coup helped spark the mujahideen resistance and led to years of civil war combined with fears of a return to the civil war of the 1990s created a majority in favor of a centralizing constitution But Afghan central governments have never enjoyed the legitimacy required by such an organizing principle The last 30 years of upheaval and radical devolution of political and military authority have only made this problem worse the current model of Afghan governance is too radical a departure in a place where the central state has such limited legitimacy and capacity To create a lasting peace that includes the country's main ethnic and sectarian groups—as well as elements of the insurgency—Afghanistan will require a more inclusive Power sharing would be easier under a decentralized democracy in which many responsibilities now held by Kabul would be delegated to the periphery Some of these powers would surely include the authority to draft and enact budgets to use traditional alternatives to centralized justice systems for some offenses to elect or approve important officials who are now appointed by Kabul and perhaps to collect local revenue and enforce local regulation Increasing local autonomy would make it easier to win over Afghans who distrust distant Kabul and would take advantage of a preexisting base of legitimacy and identity at the local level The responsibility for foreign policy and internal security which would prevent even the more autonomous territories from hosting international terrorist groups or supporting insurrection against the state A decentralized democracy along these lines should be an acceptable option for the United States Its reliance on democracy and transparency is consistent with American values Individual territories with the freedom to reflect local preferences may adopt social policies that many in the United States would see as regressive with some places implementing more moderate laws than those favored by a conservative center By promoting local acceptance of the central government this option would remove much of the casus belli for the insurgency And it would preserve a central state with the power and incentive to deny the use of Afghan soil for destabilizing Pakistan or planning attacks against the United States A decentralized democracy would comport with much of the post–Cold War experience with state building elsewhere A range of postconflict states in Africa (Ethiopia and Sierra Leone) Nepal) have used some combination of consociationalism and other forms of decentralized democratic power sharing Although it is too early to make definitive claims of success to date not one of these states has collapsed have remained tolerably stable for over a decade no guarantee that decentralized democracy would work in Afghanistan But its track record elsewhere and its better fit with the country's natural distribution of power suggests that it offers a reasonable chance of balancing interests and adjudicating disputes in Afghanistan A decentralized democracy in Afghanistan would face three critical challenges who oppose democracy on principle and are likely to resist this approach as aggressively as they now resist centralized democracy The second challenge is the limited administrative capacity of the Afghan state Decentralization would distribute power among a larger number of officials; for a state such as Afghanistan which has a limited pool of competent bureaucrats this could exceed the country's current human capital and require a major expansion of training efforts the country's malign power brokers would likely resist such an option A transparent electoral democracy would threaten their status and ability to profit from corruption and abuse Yet decentralized democracy could actually offer some important counterbalances in each of these areas Hard fighting will be required to marginalize the Taliban under any democratic system when the population supports the government Counterinsurgency can be described as a form of violent competition in governance; it is much easier to win when the form of government offered is closer to the natural preference of the governed And if the Taliban come to see their military prospects as limited a decentralized system might entice some of their members to reconcile with the government in the hope of securing a meaningful local role in areas where their support is strongest It will not be easy to combat high-level corruption or to improve administrative capacity But a transparent system in which locals make most decisions would allow Afghanistan's traditional community leaders to police the use of power and public funds A faraway national ministry in Kabul is beyond the oversight of a village or district shura local councils can see how officials are spending money and can take issue with uses they find objectionable Decentralization may also improve the Afghan government's basic competence by allowing local officials to focus on smaller the most widely hailed development program in Afghanistan in the last eight years has been the National Solidarity Program under which the central government provides grants to democratically elected community councils for local development projects The NSP was designed at the national level but is administered locally it has been fiscally efficient and effective Although decentralized democracy offers no easy guarantee of success it has much better odds of success than a centralized model But it would not come cheaply: the United States would have to wage a sustained counterinsurgency campaign provide major administrative assistance to the Afghan government and conduct vigorous anticorruption measures Mixed sovereignty is an even more decentralized model this approach would take many powers that are now held in Kabul and delegate them to the provincial or district level But mixed sovereignty would go one step further granting local authorities the additional power to rule without transparency or elections if they so chose—as long as they did not cross three "redlines" imposed by the center The first redline would forbid local authorities from allowing their territories to be used in ways that violated the foreign policy of the state—namely The second would bar local administrations from infringing on the rights of neighboring provinces or districts by seizing assets or diverting water resources The third would prevent officials from engaging in large-scale theft or the exploitation of state-owned natural resources local authorities could run their localities as they saw fit with the freedom to ignore the will of the governed or engage in moderate-scale corruption The central government in Kabul would retain total control over foreign policy and the ability to make war and enforce narcotics and mining laws and limited authority over interprovincial commerce sovereignty is mixed to a much greater degree than in the other possible systems with many—but not all—of the ordinary powers of sovereign government delegated to the provincial or district level The mixed-sovereignty model would signal a more serious break with the direction of Afghan state building as it was conceived in 2001 than would decentralized democracy But it would also be a partial acknowledgment of the de facto arrangements that have taken shape since 2001 Many of the governors and other local officials appointed by Karzai have ruled not by virtue of a legal mandate from Kabul but rather through their own local security and economic power bases which operate outside the law but with the tacit acceptance of Kabul In provinces such as Balkh (under Governor Atta Mohammad Noor) and Nangarhar (under Governor Gul Agha Sherzai) this has led to relative peace and a drastic reduction of poppy cultivation Such warlords have settled into a stable equilibrium in which they profit from the theft of customs duties and state property but maintain order and keep their predation within limits so as to avert a mutually costly crackdown by Kabul several years of corrupt rule by Sher Mohammad Akhundzada alienated significant groups in the province and sent poppy cultivation soaring Even in Afghanistan's relatively stable north the rule of warlords has led to ethnic violence and criminal excess mixed sovereignty cannot amount to partition under local strongmen who rule with impunity in private fiefdoms Redline restrictions that forbid the sort of excesses that fuel insurgency are thus essential Mixed sovereignty has some important advantages: it is less dependent on the rapid development of state institutions and offers a closer fit with the realities of Afghanistan Restricting the central government's involvement in local issues to a limited—but aggressively enforced—set of redlines could encourage the country's power brokers to moderate their excesses a mixed-sovereignty system would depend less on transparency and efficiency thus requiring less international mentoring Local autonomy would create incentives for Taliban members to participate in reconciliation negotiations since a more purely democratic option would subject them to electoral sanction mixed sovereignty also carries risks and disadvantages that make it less consistent with U.S interests than either centralized or decentralized democracy governors would be free to adopt regressive social policies and abuse human rights This would represent a retreat from nearly nine years of U.S with costs to innocent Afghans and the prestige of the United States the opportunity for graft would be an essential part of the system's appeal The Afghan government would have to contain the scale and scope of this corruption lest official acceptance of abuse renewed support for the insurgency Kabul would have to rein in the worst of today's excesses—if mixed sovereignty is merely a gloss for the status quo the Afghan state would have to crack down on the narcotics trade which if left unchecked could dwarf the revenues provided by foreign aid and make such aid a less convincing incentive for compliance with the center The central government would have to strike a bargain with the country's power brokers requiring them to refrain from large-scale abuses in exchange for tolerance of moderate local corruption and a share of foreign assistance would probably be resisted by the country's strongmen who have grown used to operating without restraint mixed sovereignty would not free Kabul from the need to confront local power centers and even this limited confrontation could be costly and difficult there would be a potential threat of instability as powerful governors periodically tested the waters to see what they could get away with The central government would presumably need to carry out periodic enforcement actions security requirements if Washington and Kabul were willing to fulfill their roles as limited but important enforcers The model offers the central government two means of imposing the essential redlines The first is the threat of punitive military action ordered by Kabul This would require security forces that have the capability to inflict serious costs on violators (They need not have a monopoly on violence but a meaningful national military of some sort is necessary.) The other enforcement mechanism is Kabul's control over foreign aid and its ability to direct aid to some provinces but not others either—it would retain its influence through the disbursement of foreign aid and its deep engagement with the Afghan National Security Forces In order to maintain Afghanistan's internal balance of power the United States and its NATO allies would need to pay constant attention the country could slip into unrestrained warlordism and civil war A workable mixed-sovereignty model is not a recipe for Western disengagement: it would require not only continued aid flows but also sustained political and military engagement Regional diplomacy would be particularly important To keep Afghanistan from becoming a magnet for foreign interference and a source of regional instability the United States would have to ensure that the country was embedded in a regional security framework Such a framework would facilitate aid flows and discourage intervention by Afghanistan's neighbors internal mixed sovereignty has produced tolerable outcomes in the developing world Afghanistan itself was governed under a similar model for much of the twentieth century: Muhammad Nadir Shah and his son Muhammad Zahir Shah ruled for five decades as nominally absolute monarchs but with limited state bureaucracy and a certain degree of autonomy for the periphery The rule of law was generally administered locally and some Pashtun tribes in the south and the east were exempted from military service a national army and a national police force remained ready to enforce a few key royal prerogatives The government earned revenue not from internal taxation but from foreign trade and the sale of natural gas to the Soviet Union (beginning in the late 1960s) as the government's capacity and resources increased and bringing community land under its authority After the end of the Nigerian Civil War in 1970 Nigeria had a weak federal government and a strong regional system in which individual governors were free to organize local administration as they wished the country retains some traits of internal mixed sovereignty States in the Muslim north have sharia law whereas others use secular judicial systems The central government intervenes selectively to suppress unrest Although there are signs that Nigeria may now be deteriorating for most of the last 40 years it has functioned tolerably Many other outcomes for Afghanistan are possible—but would fail to meet core U.S split up in a form of either de facto or de jure partition The most likely such split would divide the Pashtun south from the largely Tajik Such a result could come about if a reconciliation deal with the Taliban granted the group too much leeway in the country's south Any outcome that leaves the Taliban relatively free to operate in the south could create safe havens for cross-border terrorism and insurgency similar to the use of Iraqi Kurdistan by the Kurdistan Workers' Party or the use of Congolese border havens by Hutu guerillas Partition would also set the stage for regional proxy battles and internal competition for control of Kabul and key border areas Afghanistan could break down into the kind of anarchy and atomized civil warfare of the 1990s Such a state would resemble the one that was taken over by the Taliban in the 1990s where lawlessness has created an opening for al Shabab al Qaeda–supported Islamist movement—with obvious consequences for U.S Afghanistan could become a centralized dictatorship A single strongman is unlikely to be able to consolidate power in post-Taliban Afghanistan and economic might is dispersed among numerous power brokers any prospective dictator—whether pro- or anti-Western—would find it very difficult to prevent the country from descending into civil war A coup d'état or other antidemocratic power grab (amending the constitution to allow for a president for life) is entirely possible but unlikely to yield stability in its wake Afghanistan has been a failing experiment in centralized democracy with Taliban control in some areas and unstable ill-regulated strongman governance in many others Centralized governance matches neither the real internal distribution of power in Afghanistan nor local notions of legitimacy There can be no effective military solution if the intended political goal is so badly misaligned with the country's underlying social and political framework the Obama administration appears to have recognized that centralized democracy is a bridge too far for Afghanistan Current policy is moving toward decentralization—the question is how far this should go and whether Afghan and U.S officials can manage the transition successfully This shift toward decentralization can work A system of either decentralized democracy or internal mixed sovereignty would have its drawbacks In Afghanistan—as in most places—the more optimal a system of governance The question of whether to strive for the preferable outcome of decentralized democracy or to accept the less appealing alternative of internal mixed sovereignty will largely be determined by the efforts and sacrifices the United States and its partners are willing to undertake national security requirements if properly implemented And either model is more achievable than today's goal of centralized democracy a decentralized democracy would not require the Afghan government to abandon or amend the existing constitution The 2004 constitution is flexible enough to allow many powers to be devolved through legislation as demonstrated somewhat by the new subnational governance policy which provides limited administrative and budgetary authority to local officials A mixed-sovereignty model would clash with the spirit and letter of the 2004 constitution but such a system would likely evolve on a de facto basis averting the need for a new constitution in the near term There are feasible options for acceptable end states that would meet core U.S security interests and place the country on a path toward tolerable stability The United States will have to step back from its ambitious but unrealistic project to create a strong then a range of power-sharing models could balance the needs of Afghanistan's internal factions and constituencies in ways that today's design cannot while ensuring that Afghanistan does not again become a base for terrorists The perfect is probably not achievable in Afghanistan—but the acceptable can still be salvaged Subscribe to Foreign Affairs to get unlimited access Already a subscriber? Sign In Happymon Jacob Lisa Curtis and Derek Grossman Tanvi Madan Dominic Tierney Manjari Chatterjee Miller Colin P. Clarke Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay Tong Zhao Zongyuan Zoe Liu Anne Neuberger Liana Fix and Michael Kimmage * Note that when you provide your email address, the Foreign Affairs Privacy Policy and Terms of Use will apply to your newsletter subscription Published by The Council on Foreign Relations Privacy Policy Terms of Use From the publishers of Foreign Affairs This website uses cookies to improve your experience You can opt-out of certain cookies using the cookie management page * Note that when you provide your email address, the Foreign Affairs Privacy Policy and Terms of Use will apply to your newsletter subscription each of the many pairs of collaborative shoes produced each season boasts a high degree of perfection and beautiful workmanship the new "THIERS COW LEATHER" will be released with Paraboot which was deservedly well received when it was introduced in 2021 The base model is the "Thiers," one of Paraboot's original models created in the 1960s.I've seen it on HOUYHNHNM's Youtube.The model was a favorite of professionals and the outsole is a natural candy color that expresses a nude gradation The "Thiers" is a perfect match for the rounded model often seen in "Non-Native" creations daniel libeskind has announced plans for two new projects in france: a 150 meter skyscraper at the heart of toulouse’s business district and a mixed-use commercial center connected to nice’s thiers railway station ‘with these important projects in two of the main french cities we unveil our new development strategy to create urban mixed-use buildings,’ says philippe journo CEO of compagnie de phalsbourg ‘occitanie tower’ is set to be toulouse’s first skyscraperimage by morph (main image by luxigon) set to be toulouse’s first skyscraper, the daniel libeskind-designed ‘occitanie tower’ will rise 150 meters above the city’s business sector. the structure incorporates a spiral of greenery — designed by landscape architect nicolas gilsoul — that rises from street level to the 40th floor the scheme comprises 11,000 square meters of office space and offices on the ground floor for railway company SNCF the tower rises 150 meters above the city’s business sectorimage by morph ‘with its suspended gardens that change color during the seasons the slight silvertine of the glazing of the façade will reflect the pink tones of toulouse and the brightness of this material will change perception of the space according to the variation of light,’ explains daniel libeskind ‘the tower becomes a unique object in a vast urban space — the tower will not only become a destination the structure incorporates a spiral of greenery designed by nicolas gilsouimage by luxigon the planned tower is situated on the site of the former postal sorting center at gare matabiau, east of the city center, and offers views towards the pyrenees. ‘toulouse is poised to assert itself as a new business hub in the region,’ continues compagnie de phalsbourg’s philippe journo ‘the occitanie tower will create both an iconic landmark for the city as well as create a strategic economic generator for the district.’ studio libeskind will collaborate on the project with local architect francis cardete with a planned completion date scheduled for 2022 the scheme comprises 11,000 square meters of office space and a hotelimage by luxigon 550 kilometers east, in the city of nice, studio libeskind has collaborated with fevrier carre architectes and landscape architect jean mus to design the ‘gare thiers-est’ (east thiers station) involves the introduction of 18,300 square meters of high-end commercial space the crystalline design forms part of a wider redevelopmentimage by morph ‘this project represents the forward thinking of the city of nice to create a major architectural landmark and to rejuvenate the surrounding area near the theirs station in this historic city,’ says daniel libeskind ‘my aim was to create a building that is seen from all angles — that will become the connective tissue between two sectors and reconnect the neighborhoods an aerial view of the site post development image by morph designed to reflect its surroundings, the building is inspired by the crystallized mineral forms of azurite. the multifaceted structure rises nearly 40 meters into the air, obscuring the rail tracks. construction is set to begin in late 2017 with completion forecast for the end of 2019. the plans for both projects were unveiled during the international property market MIPIM in cannes the multifaceted structure rises nearly 40 meters into the airimage by morph completion is forecast for the end of 2019image by morph AXOR presents three bathroom concepts that are not merely places of function but destinations in themselves — sanctuaries of style Notices are posted by 10 am Monday through Saturday Adjust Text Size: A+ A- the Energizer Bunny finally ran out of batteries I want to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has made my life so worth fighting for I am so grateful and proud of the way you have turned out to be My Mom and Dad (Bridget and Pierre Chaddefaud) for giving me a good start my grateful appreciation for all the love and care you have shown me and my Mom You taught me perseverance and strength - Thank you You accepted me into the family and I am so grateful to be part of your family I'll never forget when you helped me take care of my babies when they were born my beautiful Mexican amigo; always a good time Tim and Shelly for all your support through the years Skelly for giving me the opportunity to be part of such an amazing team Shasky - my beautiful girls - you always kept my spirits up Thank you for putting up with my stubbornness through the years her body has been donated to the University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine for Medical Education There will be a celebration of Nicole's life at the Norwood Hotel As published in Winnipeg Free Press on Mar 31 Share your memories and/or express your condolences below Unfortunately with the need to moderate tributes for inappropriate content your comments may take up to 48 hours to appear the project comprises a collection of contemporary corrugated metal ‘sheds’ set within the landscape and a garage/workshop to support their creative endeavors thier + curran has elevated the dwelling on piers and planted the front ‘lawn’ as a meadow of lavender that will be farmed and harvested the central living space includes individual studies and one bedroom custom millwork elements form a media wall composed of varying depths of cherry wood-veneered rectangular forms while the lime green kitchen casework is constructed on steel plinths so it appears to float – ‘a repetition of the floating structure of the house itself’ a tower-like studio and semi-enclosed space reach into the woods as a retreat the tower is punctuated by an asymmetrical composition of windows to allow light and views of the surroundings into the space the tower interior has been left ‘unfinished’ with exposed wood studs and sheathing the two-car garage and workshop structure emerges from the landscape as a splayed rectangular prism a steel and wood slat gateway and low planter walls of stone gabion baskets define the entrance courtyard with a steel bridge spanning to the entrance economical forms and industrial materials are used throughout the project wedge-shaped form of the house and garage add movement and dynamism to the composition of structures black corrugated metal is used as the main cladding material with the exception being the tower-like studio where the structure’s contrasting vertical form has been emphasized with vertically-oriented galvanized corrugations accent metal trims add depth and are painted with bright as a tribute to the owners’ obsession with 1970’s muscle cars designboom has received this project from our ‘DIY submissions‘ feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers here. edited by: sofia lekka angelopoulou | designboom