The volcanic outcrop of Ischia is the most developed and largest of the islands in the Bay of Naples. An early colony of Magna Graecia, first settled in the 8th century BC, Ischia today is famed for its thermal spas, manicured gardens, striking Aragonese castle and unshowy, straightforward Italian airs – a feature also reflected in its food. Ischia is a refreshing antidote to glitzy Capri. Ischia Back to topAttractionsMust-see attractionsCastello Aragonese There are castles and then there’s Ischia’s Castello Aragonese a veritable fort-city set on its own craggy islet La Mortella La Mortella (the myrtles) is the former home and gardens of the late British composer William Walton (1902–83) and his Argentine… Casa Museo The good news is that this museum is well signposted and has a car park The bad news is that it's on a perilous corner on Ischia's mountain road between… Museo Archeologico di Pithecusae the Museo Archeologico di Pithecusae enjoys a heady historical location… Monte Epomeo an ascent of Ischia’s slumbering volcanic peak is practically obligatory The views from the rocky summit are superb Baia di Sorgeto it's nice to have access to something that's thermal and free Museo Angelo Rizzoli This pint-sized museum encased in the larger Museo Archeologico di Pithecusae pays homage to the man who turned humble little Lacco into a celebrity… Santa Maria Assunta now serves as the bell tower to this church that is also Ischia’s cathedral View more attractionsPlan with a localExperience the real Italy Get startedArticlesLatest stories from IschiaRead more articlesFilter by interest: Coasts & IslandsFood & Drink All Interests Adventure Travel Art & Culture Beaches Coasts & Islands Food & DrinkBeaches volcanic island that is either one hour from Naples if you get the ferry Get to the heart of Ischia with one of our in-depth Visit in ShopPocket Rome $14.99 Visit in ShopNaples, Pompeii & the Amalfi Coast $24.99 Go to checkout (0 items)in partnership with getyourguide No part of this site may be reproduced without our written permission We’re sorry to disappoint, but the secret’s finally out. For years, the beautiful little volcanic island of Ischia managed to evade the spotlight thanks to its close, glitzy neighbour Capri. With anti-trend hotspots firmly on the travel agenda What sets this isolated rock apart from the competition It’s a question of substance and that ghastly overused word “authenticity.” Capri will always be the pretty one – the view from the Via Krupp and the Faraglioni as seen from La Fontalina are starlet gold – and the island of Procida took recent fame as Europe’s 2022 culture capital Ischia wins hands down when it comes to a rugged For more inspiration and where to stay in Italy Say ciao to the hotel that put Ischia on the map. From the moment it re-opened under the uber-tasteful eye of Marie-Louise Sciò, it became a magnet to the Italian glitterati. Like its sister hotels Il Pellicano in coastal Tuscany and La Posta Vecchia in Ladispoli The Mezzatorre is a throwback to la dolce vita at its finest Like Ischia there are few in Italy,” Schio tells us the hotel has everything you’d expect from an Italian escape: glittering waters The celebrities – from J Lo to Angela and Margherita Missoni and influencer Sophia Roe – are all major fans the 16th-century Moorish-style former watchtower enjoys a quirky Wes Anderson-esque mise-en-scene with stunning panoramas of the Bay of Naples and the most sought-after suites the island has to offer guarantees the finest slice of Campania cuisine Address: Mezzatorre Hotel, via Mezzatorre, 23/d, 80075 Forio NA, Italy The concept of staying in a hotel inside a castle is pretty cool Ridiculously atmospheric and impeccably stylish boutique chic gets a medieval schooling courtesy of Albergo il Monastero vaulted ceilings and storied walls give the monastic digs that extra tinge of wow factor Former owner Gabriele Mattera’s modern art pieces sprawl the walls and slick contemporary décor numbers help bring things into the 21st century Rooms – once the cells of monks – are small and modest but they are refreshingly simple nonetheless Its biggest asset comes courtesy of its restaurant the dazzlingly romantic Cucina del Monastero The views are heartstring-tugging and the food is light and tasty fresh bread baked straight from the oven and whatever the hot dish of the day is you basically have full reign and access to the castle once all the day tourists are kicked out Address: Albergo il Monastero, Ponte Aragonese, 80077 Ischia NA, Italy summits and hairpins – so to find a five-star resort on the waterfront is surprisingly rare sunbathing platforms and pontoons offer such easy access to clear as are the four swimming pools and legendary thermal spa Marinated in the essence and spirit of its 1950s heyday the hotel captures the golden era of Mediterranean sophistication and dolce vita glamour The style and atmosphere continue in 128 bedrooms spread across three different units and buildings bedsteads and the cherrywood marquetry of built-in cupboards with modernist iron-railed Juliet balconies – such as the one in room 370 from which Elizabeth Taylor famously hurled Richard Burton’s clothes following an epic row The hub and raison d’être of the resort is the spa with indoor thermal pools and extensive facilities where you can go for a quick-fix facial or a non-surgical filler or have a personalised programme and complete wellness overhaul means you can also experience life in a vivid Here is a hotel that can be all things to all people: a destination spa and starred restaurant a restorative retreat with natural thermal hot springs You might recognise this one from the blockbuster flick Cleopatra While it remains a firm tourist hotspot thanks to its starring Hollywood role this fortress was first built all the way back in 474BC by Syracusan tyrant Gerone I Much of what you see today survives from the 1400s raised from the ground by King Alfonso of Aragon who had a thing for bastions Beyond its fortress lies an entire borgo filled with cutesy terrace cafes (the highest with views of Capri) and bars and the odd shop there’s the rather ghastly and grisly Museo delle Torture home to a collection of medieval torture instruments and the Cattedrale dell’Assunta where Giotto-inspired frescoes run riot in the 11th-century crypt You are on an island Several charters offer all sorts of experiences around the coast that pack in all the sights give Joseph and Marco of Giosymar Ischia Charter a call they’ll whizz you around all the hotspots pointing out landmarks Because plants = wellness A downright odyssey of greenery festoons every single nook crevice and bolt imaginable in this stonker of a beautiful giardino once the former home of British composer William Walton and his Argentine wife grandiose Moorish gardens of southern Spain’s Alhambra Palace the finest botanical spectacle in all of Italy thanks to its designer you can easily spend an entire afternoon traipsing about the place Tropical spruces and perennials make up much of the lower gardens while Mediterranean plants and ponds wow in the uppers Walton's wife is commemorated in a small museum on the way up and it’s well worth joining the line for a peek of his mightily impressive monument perched at the tippy-top of the garden (his ashes are here and the views of Forio and the coast are as expected La Mortella often hosts chamber-music recitals and concerts The quickest way to climb it is from the village of Fontana The path is roughly 2.5km in length and weaves up paved roads Local guide Marianna Polverino of Ischia Hiking Tours is one of the island’s best and will show you everything from vineyards to cool volcanic vents and all the pretty towns en route Until it became last year’s European culture capital Procida remained a well-kept secret for locals and film stars (Gina Lollobrigida Pilgrimages generally start with a walk up to the ancient citadel Here you’ll get one of the best views of the Marina di Corricella (sea of colourful houses included) and have the chance to explore the pretty medieval village of Terra Murata Palazzo d'Avalos and the crumbling 16th-century Abbey of San Michele are well worth a visit the town square is alive with traditional markets cutesy Fiat cinquecentos and buzzing festivals Insta-walks along the waterfront are a must to see bobbing fishing boats colour-mad picture-perfect sunsets over the bay The laidback seafood restaurant is hugely popular with locals who flock here to gorge on stuffed calamari and spaghetti alle vongole Ischia isn’t really known the world over as a go-to wine destination There are hundreds of vineyards dotted all about the island that grow top-notch indigenous grapes – Biancolella and Forastera white grapes and Guarnaccia and Per'e' Palummo (Piedirosso) red grapes especially – and thanks to all that volcanic soil the bottles corked here are some of the tastiest Campania has to offer a five-generation family business that’s been producing wine for over 250 years; Cenatiempo another family affair where Biancolella vines string out some deliciously crisp glasses of Kalimera (a lovely white); and Casa D’Ambra a vineyard nestled inside a natural amphitheatre overlooking the bay of Citara The hotel up in the sky has “date night” written all over it Sister to buzzy Amalfi outcrop Borgo Santandrea the laidback terrace dishes out all the wow factor with stunning bay views that look out to all the island’s neighbours and beyond but there are plenty of love seats to caress The pizza is excellent and melts in your mouth Address: Acropoli Bar, Via Nuova Montevico, 26, 80076 Lacco Ameno NA, Italy You’ll need to book early for this one because it’s the place to go for starry-eyed loved-up couples to go and be seen in Chef Pasquale Palamaro serves up Michelin-approved dishes to gourmet palettes year-round and there’s a particular passion for plating up classics with an Ischia-like spin where local ingredients trump Campanian go-tos Address: Ristorante Indaco, Piazza Santa Restituta, 1, 80076 Lacco Ameno NA, Italy Here’s the spot to go if you’re in need of a serious digital detox Set deep within the island’s craggy coast via a rather perilous but fun natural staircase La Scanella is where introverted extroverts head to chill book in one hand and a spritz in the other There’s no phone signal down here whatsoever and the club enforces a pretty strict silent bathing area where only the crashing waves break the sound waves and treat your taste buds to lunch with a sea view Fresh fish – it really is the definition of the word – salads and pasta in the pan are served here all to the tune of a foodie mantra that preaches simple is best Address: La Scanella, Via Scannella Mare, 1, 80075 Panza, frazione di Forio d’Ischia NA, Italy It’s all very arty and intimate at this cute little spot in Fori Request to sit terrace-side for breezy seascapes kaleidoscopic salads and a wine list that exceeds 500 bottles If you can stand up straight after all the booze waltz through the hotel and check out all the fine work from local artists Address: Umberto A Mare, d'Ischia, Via del Soccorso, 8, 80075 Forio NA, Italy Owner Franco di Scala is the third-generation restauranteur behind this historic spot that has brought in punters for decades the food is simple and minimal…intentionally to let all of the timeless Italian flavours shine plus creamy risottos and some seriously good portions of perfectly cooked al dente pasta Address: La Vigna Di Alberto, Via Giuseppe Garibaldi, 87, 80070 Barano D'ischia NA, Italy Pure drama does not get much better than this spot set high above the heavens on Mount Epomeo the whole thing is carved into a tufa on the peak of the mountain and is roughly a three or so hour hike from Sant’ Angelo Food is as local and fresh as it gets with all the usual suspects from fish to pasta and salads as are the panoramas that stretch all the way out to Maronti beach Address: Ristorante La Grotta Epomeo, Via Epomeo, 21, 80070 Serrara Fontana NA, Italy If you’re done with all the fancy stuff and just want something down-to-earth and casual it's a buzzy affair plonked just off the port of Forio we came here for the pizza and homemade cookies Address: La Bella Napoli, Unit 22, Bow Triangle Business Center, Eleanor St, London E3 4UR County Clerk/Commissioner of Jurors of Bronx County Bravo’s historic achievement carries with it a profound sense of responsibility She pledges to serve with honor and professionalism not only as a beacon for women aspiring to shatter glass ceilings but also as a role model for her two sons backed by two decades of service to The Bronx Ischia’s deep affection for The Bronx Her commitment is to ensure that government is responsive to the needs of those it serves she is guided by the words of another historic Bronx woman in the court system “I think it’s important to move people beyond just dreaming into doing They have to be able to see that you are just like them Bravo’s mission is the reengagement of Bronxites and New York City residents in civic participation She recognizes that civic engagement is the linchpin for influencing policy Her experience as the Clerk of Bronx County Clerk of Bronx Supreme Civil & Criminal Term underscores the imperative of facilitating swift access to vital documents and providing comprehensive service information to clients her primary focus is on reaching the diverse groups within The Bronx urging them to fulfill their civic duty by participating in the jury system Serving as a juror entails upholding fairness in trials and offering impartial perspectives in the courtroom—a vital part of civic participation Ischia firmly believes that such engagement and empower often overlooked and unheard residents Ischia Bravo’s upbringing in NYCHA public housing in the Kingsbridge Heights Section instilled in her a deep connection to the borough She navigated the public school system and pursued higher education at Hostos Community College where she became a student advocate and eventually was elected as President of the Student Government Her academic journey continued at John Jay College Ischia embarked on her public service career in 2002 initially in the Office of Congressman Jose E Serrano and later with NYS Senator Serrano where she honed her advocacy skills and specialized in constituent services she assumed the role of Executive Director for the Bronx Democratic Party under the leadership of then-Chairman and now Speaker of the New York State Assembly she managed the organization’s operations and focused on critical objectives such as enhancing voter access Bravo positioned the party as a pivotal link between residents and government leaders implementing programs to connect them with legal In her recent role as District Manager at Bronx Community Board 7 Ischia concentrated on ensuring that underrepresented and underserved community members gained access to essential resources and services from local government and community-based organizations She facilitated community engagement on vital issues such as affordable housing Commissioner Bravo’s unwavering commitment lies in illuminating the often-overlooked aspects of our Judicial System Her advocacy extends to promoting the positive facets of civic participation She firmly believes that the right messenger and community partnerships can stimulate increased participation and garner positive responses from Bronx residents Multidisciplinary Visual Artist & Photographer Fashion people and celebrities love Dôen dresses If you're considering buying one for summer read on for my review of the five best styles on holiday and out to dinner with the girls they suit a wide range of body types (most go up to a UK size 18 and have bra-friendly designs with adjustable necklines to suit ample bust or not) Dôen has a lot of really pretty floral pastel and gingham dresses if that's your thing white and blue styles for those who prefer a more minimalist approach and for someone who always seems to have that panicked "I have so many clothes but nothing to wear" dilemma the dresses are appropriate to wear for so many different occasions as we start tentatively looking towards a long hot summer (one can dream) with many of us considering our dress purchases for the year I thought I would put some of Dôen's most popular dresses to the test There are currently only a handful of Dôen stores which means us Brits can only get hold of the pieces online yes—but not always conducive to a successful purchase To help you avoid the hassle of disappointing returns I tried on a whole bunch of Dôen dresses so that I could report back to you on the very best styles fabric and feel of my favourites—all from a professional stylist's point of view and hopefully it will guide you into your best no-regrets hero buy that you can pull out summer after summer My review: The Ischia dress is perhaps the most prolific of Dôen's styles which is understandable given how lovely and easy to wear it is The slightly longer sleeves are perfect if you prefer more coverage in that area in summer floaty cotton voile—is light as a feather meaning you'll still feel cool in this dress on the hottest summer days The neckline and waist have adjustable ties so you can really adapt this style to fit you perfectly as well as change it up for your personal preference or needs (i.e if you're keen to show less cleavage on office days or family reunions then you can simply tighten the bow to bring the neckline up higher) The great thing about most of Dôen's dresses is that you can wear a bra with them—I have a nude one on here and there were no areas peeking out or showing through the fabric at all For size reference I'm usually a size 8-10 and there was plenty of room left in the chest area—I think I could even size down to an XS to avoid any excess fabric or gaping The Ashlynn has the same adjustable waist and neckline as the Ischia above (handy) as well as the same airy cotton voile fabric The lighter base colour of this print meant that there was a slightly sheer finish on the legs when you move but I still felt totally confident that you couldn't see my nude underwear thanks to the thicker shirring on the body and gathered fabric at the hips if you have a smaller bust you could try sizing down in this style especially given the adjustable waist options but it's a personal preference about how roomy you'd like the fabric to feel (I'm wearing a small again here) As you can see I couldn't stop wafting around the room while wearing this dress—I could totally see myself reaching for it again and again all summer long (and even in spring and autumn with a cute cardigan over it too) While the dresses above all feel quite similar in their form the Quinn differs slightly in that it comes in this slightly crisper cotton poplin material especially in the black colour so not see through at all although there is a small keyhole gap below the bow on this dress so you may still want to opt for a nude or plunge style As a petite person I loved that this style sit slightly higher on the ankle than the cotton voile styles and with less floaty material around the ankles I felt that while the others are certainly not difficult to wear this would be even easier to throw-on and go without worrying about tripping up bike wheels or a car door (and when you have a toddler like I do Overall I just found it to be really wearable and easy My review: The Leanne is another different style entirely but the neckline and waist on this dress aren't adjustable so I would perhaps size down if you're in between sizes to avoid any gaping as it comes up a little big In general I'm not a fan of a drop waist (it looks so great on some people but I just never feel that I can pull it off) since this design still has the cinched-in waist to create that classic silhouette actually I found the shirring to be really flattering as it's not too fitted Instead it skimmed over my tummy and hip area to create a streamlined look it made the whole dress feel less "poofy" (another professional term) at the waist than the styles above so if you're after a Dôen dress that still captures the pretty detailing but without feeling too 'milkmaidy' I probably wouldn't pair it with black underwear but you couldn't see any shadows of my nude knickers or bra at all branded content editor and affiliate editor After obtaining a BA in English and American Studies from Nottingham University Emily interned at The Mail on Sunday’s YOU she managed the fashion team and travelled the globe to style and direct fashion editorials and celebrity cover shoots developed brand marketing and content plans and worked with VIP clients including Elizabeth Day LBV Magazine English Edition A recent study published in the journal iScience highlights the fundamental role of the island of Ischia in shaping cultural interactions in the western Mediterranean during the 8th century BCE Through an interdisciplinary analysis combining archaeological researchers have demonstrated that this volcanic island hosted a diverse community composed of Greeks who coexisted and contributed to the emergence of Magna Graecia The research team analyzed human remains found in the necropolis of Pithekoussai (Pithecusas) using strontium isotope analysis on teeth and bones This methodology allows for the identification of individuals’ geographic origins revealing the heterogeneous composition of the ancient population The results confirm that the island not only received immigrants from early times but also became a center of biocultural integration a researcher at the University of Bologna and co-author of the study emphasizes that these findings reinforce the image of the Mediterranean as a region characterized by constant mobility and interaction The research has made it possible to reconstruct the movements of individuals and their relationships with other communities with an unprecedented level of detail a professor at the University of Padua and lead author of the study analyses of the remains of more than 50 individuals buried in Pithekoussai have revealed the presence of people from different regions of the Mediterranean This demonstrates that Ischia was a meeting place for Greeks who not only coexisted but also influenced the formation of a complex and multicultural social identity One of the study’s most striking aspects is the role that women played in these migratory processes it has been assumed that mobility in this period was dominated by male merchants and settlers the data reveal that there was also a significant movement of women suggesting that the construction of this society did not depend exclusively on men but was instead the result of more equitable participation in cultural and commercial exchanges One of the most emblematic discoveries in the necropolis of Pithekoussai is the tomb containing the Cup of Nestor an artifact with one of the oldest known inscriptions in the Greek alphabet The inscription on the cup refers to the famous chalice of the Homeric hero Nestor making it a key testament to the spread of Greek writing and culture in the West scholars have debated the identity of the individual buried alongside this prized artifact Previous research indicated that the tomb contained both human and animal remains debunking the hypothesis that it belonged to a cremated child isotope analyses have determined that at least one of the individuals in the tomb was born on the island itself reinforcing the idea of a community that not only absorbed external influences but also had a stable local base an anthropologist at Sapienza University of Rome and co-author of the study highlights that these findings represent a significant advancement in the field of bioarchaeology The combination of advanced techniques has opened new perspectives on ancient history facilitating a deeper understanding of migratory phenomena and integration processes that were previously unknown This research provides the first direct evidence based on individualized human remains analysis that confirms historical and archaeological theories about Greek colonization in the 8th century BCE The application of an interdisciplinary approach allows for a reevaluation of Ischia’s role as a point of interconnection between civilizations and paves the way for future studies on mobility and interculturality in Antiquity The study was made possible through the collaboration of various academic and cultural institutions Participating in the research were the University of Bologna the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Università di Bologna Melania Gigante, Carmen Esposito, et al., Where Typhoeus lived: 87Sr/86Sr analysis of human remains in the first Greek site in the Western Mediterranean, Pithekoussai, Italy. iScience, vol.28, Issue 3, 111927March 21, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.111927 Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email while the Byzantine Empire was mired in a succession crisis sought to take advantage and launched his conquest Archaeologists from universities in the United States and Denmark found deep within the Actun Uayazba Kab cave in Belize two small stone tools dated between 250 and 900 AD that… men and women gathered to play a game called Cuju A team of researchers has succeeded in recreating for the first time in a laboratory experiment a phenomenon that until now only existed as a theory in the realm of… the Cantonal Archaeology of Aargau carried out a rescue excavation between early May 2024 and the end of March 2025 The Egyptian archaeological mission affiliated with the Supreme Council of Antiquities announced the discovery of a group of defensive structures and a system of moats that could indicate… In the southeastern area of the city of Rome archaeologists excavating inside the Triton Baths within the monumental complex of the Villa di Sette… Why did some animals from ancient eras become fossils while others simply disappeared without a trace A recent study on the cave paintings of the Altamira Cave in Santillana del Mar Cantabria (Spain) has concluded that some of the artworks it contains could be much older… A team of paleontologists from the University of Leicester has managed to decipher one of the many enigmas of the dinosaur era—the exact moment when pterosaurs Receive our news and articles in your email for free You can also support us with a monthly subscription and receive exclusive content This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. 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Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.730023 This article is part of the Research TopicCalderas Around the World and Their CharacteristicsView all 6 articles an active volcanic field emerging in the western sector of the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy) represents an archetypal case of caldera that underwent a very large resurgence related to the intrusion of a shallow magma body The resurgence culminated with the formation of a structural high in the central sector of the island This is bordered by a system of faults along which volcanic activity occurred up to 1302 A.D. and damaging earthquakes were generated in historical and recent time The seismicity is located prevalently in the northern sector of the island and appears to be correlated with the most recent phase (<5 ka) of ground movement (subsidence) although the mechanism of earthquakes’ generation is still debated By jointly analyzing offshore and onshore data (seismic profile and stratigraphy wells respectively) and new petrological and geochemical data related to the most recent phase of volcano-tectonic activity we develop a geological and structural layout of the northern sector of the island we identify the seismogenic fault associated with the historical and recent destructive earthquakes of Ischia This fault formed in the northern sector of the island during the final stage of the resurgence We also propose a conceptual volcano-tectonic model of the northern sector of the Ischia Island depicting the displacement of the fault zones in the off-shore area and the possible mechanism of stress loading and release in the on-shore zone which is mainly driven by the subsidence of the Mt Our results are crucial for evaluating the dynamics of the seismogenic structures in the framework of the general subsidence of the island FIGURE 1. Volcanological phases of Ischia volcanic field (Sbrana et al., 2018 The gray shaded area is the zone affected by highest damage of historical and recent earthquakes in the island TABLE 1. Historical seismicity in the island of Ischia as reported by Cubellis and Luongo, 1998 are generated by a single fault located at the northern base of the Mt A further in-depth analysis of the geological and tectonic features of the island is essential to: 1) better investigate the dynamics of the resurgence and the configuration of related faults; 2) recognize the seismogenic source and its relation with the past and ongoing island dynamic. This is an important goal, given the high volcanic and seismic risk of the area (Selva et al., 2019) aiming to obtain a reference geological outline of both the uplifted structure and the seismogenic fault formed during the Mt we have analyzed and interpreted geological and geophysical data relative to the northern area of the island we jointly interpreted an N-S offshore seismic profile and onshore data related to the stratigraphic information obtained from boreholes and used new petrological and geochemical data of the most recent phase of volcanic activity to understand its relation with the volcano tectonics we focused on the seismogenic structure mentioned above interpreting its origin and activity in the light of the data acquired and in the framework of the ongoing subsidence TABLE 2. Volcanic activity phases of Ischia (after Sbrana et al., 2018) FIGURE 2. Geological sketch of the northern sector of Ischia Island (Sbrana et al., 2018 FIGURE 3. Stratigraphy inferred from geothermal wells (1–4) located between Maio, La Rita, and Grande Sentinella sector (A–A’ section, Figure 2). The interpretation of stratigraphy highlights the uplift of the oldest marine deposits (caldera filling sediments) in the Grande Sentinella sector. The location of the wells is indicated in Figures 2, 4 (see text for details) In particular, the stratigraphies used in this work (Figure 3) were derived from the water wells drilled for thermal use for hotels and spa-wellness center in the north sector of the island The offshore area is investigated using seismic line 21 (Figure 4), acquired in 2005 during geophysical CARG surveys, finalized to the geological and volcanological reconstruction of the marine areas of this active insular volcanic field (Sbrana et al., 2011) FIGURE 4. (A) Volcanological sketch of the north side of Ischia Island (onland A–A’ and offshore B–B’ sections). one to four indicate the location of the wells illustrated in Figure 3 The offshore setting is based on the interpretation of the seismic line 21 (B-B’) (B) The positioning of the boat was detected with an Omnistar DGPS system with an error of about 1 m The geophysical and geological interpretation of the high-resolution line is based on the good knowledge of the on-land geology and volcanology This allows the team to perform an integrated interpretation of the main volcanic units on the island and of the seismic units interpreted in terms of seismic facies and lithological characters of volcanic and sedimentary and epiclastic geological bodies applying the principle of continuity of on-land units Microthermometric homogenization experiments on MIs were carried out on doubly polished wafers of crystals. Only glassy MIs, with a clear shrinkage bubble and no evidence of heterogeneous trapping (Roedder, 1984) For the high-temperature experimental study of MIs a modified Leitz 1,350 heating stage was used The temperature was measured with a Pt-Pt90Rh10 thermocouple The accuracy of measurement was around ±10°C controlled by the melting point of gold and silver Experiments were performed in a He atmosphere The rate of heating was varied as a function of the rate of transformation in the inclusions and ranged from 2°C to 40°C/min to the point of complete homogenization of MI Pilot runs were carried out in order to define the correct heating/step procedure before the starting of thermometric data collection Vapor loss can be excluded due to the reproducibility of experiments on the same MI No carbon peak is observable above the background indicating that the CO2 is below detection limit (about 50 ppm The map in Figure 2 highlights the geological and structural patterns of the Casamicciola area and its northern offshore sector we observe an interdigitation of 1) thick volcanic units linked to the caldera-forming phase of the volcanic field 2) clay-rich marine sedimentary bodies from Campanian plain and 3) thick epiclastic units formed during the caldera filling and the successive resurgence The acoustic basement unit is topped by reflection rich seismic units interpreted as corresponding to the sequence of epiclastics and clay-rich marine sediments covering the Ischia ignimbrite deposits Epomeo resurgent block (Campomanno epiclastics and Cava Leccie clays and sands and Mezzavia in the northern coastal sector of the volcanic field and highlighted by marine fossiliferous epiclastics units uplifted up to 50–80 m above sea level The presence of marine terraces, both on land and offshore (Figure 4) records several stages of deformation linked to fault activity and sea level variations in the northern sector of the island: in particular four order of marine terraces are mapped offshore at −10 (partially covered by the morphology of Lacco Ameno debris avalanche) uplifted by the recent uplift in the Grande Sentinella FT-IR investigation revealed that the dissolved water content ranges from 1.0 to 2.9 wt.% with a median value of 2.2 wt.%, (Supplementary Table S2 and Supplementary Figure S3) similar to the range of values reported in Sbrana et al. (2009) for older eruptions (phase 4 and phase 2) of the southern sector of the Ischia volcanic field the location of the offshore faults related to the resurgence indicates a magmatic sill intrusion of about 5 km in diameter A localized uplift appears to have occurred in the final stage of the resurgence involving the Casamicciola-Grande Sentinella sector uplifted by about 100 m with respect to the sea level This provides a relatively high average uplift rate of at least 1–2 cm∙year−1 enhanced magma displacement toward the surface the petrological data show a contemporary presence of low and high crystalline magma batches in the shallow source of Ischia These data suggest that the higher viscosity of the resident magma may have not favored the magma hybridization with the mostly basaltic magma that raised from the depth of about 5–8 km without residing in the shallow source (e.g. the interaction between magmas with different viscosity results only in the observed sporadic mingled products the fault appears enclosed into a complex kinematics where the resurgence in a former phase and the subsequent subsidence have generated an intricated volcano-tectonic system Reconstructing the past deformations and measuring the present ground movements are thus crucial to understand the island dynamics and the associated seismicity this is the fault responsible for the historical and recent earthquakes of the island this seismogenic structure is consistent with the southward dipping Grande Sentinella (GS) fault bordering the graben structure described above TABLE 3. cGPS horizontal and vertical velocities for Ischia Island in the time spam 2001–2019 (De Martino et al., 2011) favoring dislocation on this structure rather than on the southern side of the graben Qualitative sketch of the geological processes favoring the activation of the Grande Sentinella (GS) fault (N-S profile Round thick arrows (in blue) indicate the slight tilting of the block inferred from horizontal component of the GPS stations Dotted lines (in blue) indicate the former profile position (see text for details) Conceptual sketch of faults formation during the earlier (55–10 ka) and late (10–5 ka) stage of the resurgence [panels (A,B) respectively] and the present dynamic that is characterized by subsidence panel (C) Red arrows in the panel A and B indicate the magma pressure exerted on the rigid block: increasing dimension indicates larger pressure further magma arrived in the system and dislocated the block of Grande Sentinella upward along a fault which lowered a small southern block forming a local host-graben-like structure panel (B) Panel (C) shows a qualitative deformation profile as function of the differential downward movement (blue arrows) between the MEPO and OSCM GPS stations Curved arrows indicate the slight sinking of the blocks inferred from horizontal component of the GPS benchmarks After long-term resurgence of about 1,000 m lasting about 50 kyr, the island of Ischia experienced a generalized subsidence—at least in historical time–and low-magnitude but high-intensity earthquakes, which occurred in the northern sector, along volcano-tectonic structures formed during the most recent uplift phase (Sbrana et al., 2018) and examined the pattern and the dislocation of both off-shore and on-land faults New MI and geochemical data are also used to integrate our analyses which reduces the normal stress on the fault plane A better knowledge of the mode of stress loading and release during the seismic cycles would provide elements for a better definition of the seismic hazard The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author and PM contributed to the data acquisition and interpretation PD and VD provided the GPS and DInSAR data and discussed about the ongoing deformation of the island NP provided a contribution about the fault cinematic and 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A free daily email with the biggest news stories of the day – and the best features from TheWeek.com the company holiday party is where Victoria Menechella the director of marketing and communications for the hotel Fouquet’s New York Victoria did a five-year stint at The Mark Hotel she met her now-husband Sergio Bello at their annual event in the Mark Penthouse “The Mark is one of his longtime clients—he runs a full-service design and implementation studio based in Tribeca called Bello Projects—and we had worked together on a few projects over the phone and through email for months prior to meeting in person,” Victoria remembers “We are still confused as to why he was invited to the holiday party as it was for top guests and travel agents We continued to work together for a year and would have the occasional run-in downtown until he finally asked me on our first date.” He had planned a dinner at The Mark Restaurant by Jean-Georges and it seemed like a typical Friday date night,” she remembers when Sergio instead asked her to come and see an artwork he’d installed in one of the suites “It then hit me that he was about to propose,” she says ‘We proceeded to have the most awkward elevator ride of our lives The suite was set up with flowers and Champagne My sister and a few of our friends came to the suite afterward and we ordered truffle pizza and celebrated over martinis and Champagne we walked through Central Park and went for lunch at Tavern on the Green still in our clothing from the night before Their wedding was held at the Mezzatorre Hotel in Ischia The location was chosen in part because it was where Sergio went on his first vacation with Victoria’s family and we have a house about two hours from Ischia so we grew up going to the island in the summers,” Victoria explains “We decided then that we would get married there We could not imagine anything more special or beautiful than a wedding set against the hotel’s iconic terracotta facade I always wanted to get married at a hotel and loved the idea of all our friends and family roaming through the halls throughout the weekend—it was like adult summer camp!” the couple was officially married on June 15 at Peninsula Lakes—Victoria’s family’s golf course in her hometown of Niagara “My grandparents could not travel to Italy so it was important to us to have an intimate ceremony with them,” she says The planning process leading up to the Italian wedding weekend felt like a passion project on top of their everyday jobs I think the team at the Mezzatorre was a bit scared to work with me,” Victoria admits I had a running Excel sheet of the room assignments and challenged their every policy they met all of my expectations and jumped through hoops to make our crazy visions come to life.” but ultimately found it most important to work with a team who knew the island of Ischia and who could travel to the Mezzatorre to be our eyes and ears from afar.” When Victoria and Bailey first met to discuss the wedding, she showed him inspirational images, and they were both enamored with the idea of a boat neckline. “It is just so timeless and elegant, yet unique and not overdone,” the bride explains. “You don’t really see many gowns with this neckline.” The TimesPop music was floating up from the boats below punctuated by splashes as their inhabitants dived into the Med A seagull turned the clifftop into a catwalk strutting up and down as it scouted food to swipe A wise choice — everyone’s attention was on the view: a golden horseshoe of sand below the perfect Italian summer scene from up here on the bar terrace at Mezzatorre And it was the perfect expression of the “new” Ischia — a luxury destination to rival its neighbour Capri My first visit to the island of Ischia wasn’t by choice In 2021 I spent four days working there remotely between stints in Naples because it was cheaper than staying in the city Maronti beach has been made famous by Elena Ferrante’s novelsALAMYFor £36 a night I got a memory-foam mattress and a magical sea view a toy town on the south side of Ischia with a panettone-shaped islet offshore The streets are so dinky that you get around on golf carts made famous by Elena Ferrante’s novels — has One area was sealed off because of the oven underfoot; elsewhere I dug my toes into scorching sand Some people pay to be buried alive for “wellness” told me: “But you need to see Ischia!” With military precision she dispatched me off around the island before and after work where hot springs spurt up from the depths of the sea where you soak in thermal water in a tub carved from the cliff in Roman times five acres of exotic gardens spilling down the cliffside the composer William (£10pp; lamortella.org) It was there that I realised what made Ischia tick: plants From the tip of Monte Epomeo (the 789m mountain) to the shore If you’ve ever shuddered at sparse Greek island terrain this is the Mediterranean you are looking for Giardini la Mortella has five acres of exotic gardens that spill down a cliffsideALAMYMaria’s enthusiasm was infectious — I’ve since been back here four times I’ve breakfasted with the OAPs of Ischia Ponte the island’s oldest settlement; joined the seafront passeggiata at swish Lacco Ameno; and tasted sea-salted biancolella white wine at Cantine Antonio Mazzella where the Mazzella family have been cultivating the cliffs since 1940 (tastings £34pp; ischiavini.it) • 18 of the best hotels in Italy’s Cinque Terre I’ve visited the Castello Aragonese — the 15th-century castle built on an islet off Ischia Ponte (£10; castelloaragoneseischia.com) I’ve stayed there too — one wing is now a magical hotel where you sleep in old monks’ cells and meditate on the views with the resident seagulls (B&Bdoubles from £110; ilmonasteroischia.com) I’ve travelled relatively cheaply — Ischia is the Bay of Naples’ budget island But it wasn’t always — back in the 1950s and 1960s Burton and Taylor were as fiery as those hot springs it’s become more of a place for wallet-watching Italians weekending Neapolitans and Europeans on a budget — all of which makes it that travel-industry buzzword But this time I was there for the revamped Ischia: one dripping in luxury to attract the well-heeled Italians who used to come for a seaside escape At Il Monastero you can sleep in old monks’ cells and meditate on the viewsMARCO ALBANELLIIt was the Pellicano Group — known for its glorious five-stars in not-obvious locations — that rebooted Ischia In 2019 it took over the Mezzatorre Hotel & Spa a 16th-century watchtower on an ultra-private northwestern promontory in bungalow blocks scattered round coastal woodland of holm oaks and pines From my balcony came a blast of far-off blue framed by soft green Walking to the main buildings — all Tolkienesque trees and mossy rocks erupting from the ground — felt like strolling through a national park was suspended from the cliffside on one side of the promontory; the bar set its pink-edged parasols on a terrace on the other side Down too many steps and past the pool was a rocky cove with ladders leading from a lounger-sprinkled sundeck straight into the deep that I felt sorry for the yachties splashing offshore • 18 of the best beaches in Italy was San Montano bay and its sandy beach — part of the Negombo thermal park (from £25pp; negombo.it) It really is a park — paths wriggle under thick tree canopies The 29 thermal pools are dotted amid the greenery and across the cliffside; I floated in a womb-like cave and poached in a scalding hot tub called “Ribollita” (meaning reboiled) At the beach — that horseshoe of gently shelving sand — I swam out and looked back The Mezzatorre Hotel & Spa is a 16th-century watchtowerI spent another night at Botania Relais & Spa a sprawling holiday village immersed in the green on the hill behind Negombo that was reinvented as a five-star hotel in 2021 It wasn’t as plush or service-orientated as Mezzatorre; instead Palms and plants marked out the paths; buildings were garden-wreathed Ducking under an olive tree on the hillside aubergines and herbs growing outside my room kept showing up: as part of the biggest breakfast buffet I’ve ever seen; in homemade vermouths and kombuchas deftly shaken by the bartender Onofrio at Bar La Grotta; on my plate at Il Mirto the Green Michelin-starred vegetarian restaurant (tasting menus from £100) whose zero-waste policy meant I was dispatched home with my uneaten bread: “Don’t waste it!” Let us know your thoughts in the comments below Become a subscriber and along with unlimited digital access to The Times and The Sunday Times you can enjoy a collection of travel offers and competitions curated by our trusted travel partners Sign up for our Times Travel newsletter and follow us on Instagram and X The third – that attention-seeking four square miles of phallic limestone called Capri – is an interloper from the Sorrentine Peninsula Anacapri rising on its back like a Siamese twin with shallows like handblown glass – have always held a special place in the European psyche They have lured and divided since classical times when Augustus Caesar swapped Ischia for Capri with the rulers of Neapolis (as Naples was then called) and built his own divine maritime realm The age-old question of Capri versus Ischia is not just a marker of taste Even as these islands turn our heads with fresh openings their beauty remains in the eye of the beholder Il Capri HotelAna LuiNo more so than in Capri where white villas nest like doves on Mount Solaro looking down impassively at the undocking ferries The ravioli with caciotta!) and sceptics (the crowds it is both a paradise of limoncello-coloured light and an endurance test more than 12,000 smartphones were held aloft daily and probably as many “I Heart Capri” T-shirts sold as if they might confer on the wearer the last whiff of la dolce vita the place to be seen and to flee to; a memento mori and muse to illicit sex; an elite social amphitheatre and the ultimate stop on today’s Grand Selfie Tour somehow all these realities coexist as if on different decks of the same limestone ship Only owners of yachts and villas have guaranteed privacy and a front row lounge seat to the Faraglioni sea stacks emerging at negroni-hued dusk after the departure of the last ferry the rest of Capri’s passengers must engage daily in various forms of glorious folly Laboratorio Capri boutiqueAna LuiThe handful of sunloungers at La Fontelina a cluster of umbrellas like indigo forget-me-nots on a tiny littoral of blackened rocks are reached by descending nearly 1,000 feet of steps and can be booked from a month before the beach club opens for the season “Capri is a beautiful woman made of silicone,” declares a Swiss man occupying a deckchair next to me before the mouthwash-blue waters A little dangerous.” Bodies lie in Roman sandals like wanton sacrifices on rock platforms; white superyachts scatter before the three Faraglioni like discarded tennis shoes Virgil and Ovid supposedly set their kinky tale of the bird-women sirens at these fossilised giants forever handcuffing the idea of sex and death to the island Capri had become a secret villa society for gay Europeans a vertiginous 330-foot descent of slaloms and tight hairpin bends was built by the eponymous German industrialist in 1902 to reach the cave where he conducted liaisons with Capri’s youths and the steep walk down feels like a slow headlong dive into the blurry blue; it is a strange pilgrimage to make to the innocent sound of birdsong French industrial heir Baron Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen and British writer Norman Douglas were on the run from the scandal of trials Douglas’s South Wind (1917) was one of a catalogue of self-referential works written here French novelist Roger Peyrefitte fictionalised the life of d’Adelswärd-Fersen in The Exile of Capri (1959) Compton MacKenzie’s Extraordinary Women (1928) was based on the lesbian community Even Swedish altruist physician Axel Munthe wrote his 1929 autobiography about Villa San Michele built atop 777 ancient Greek cliff steps in Anacapri a classical realm in the clouds full of busts and antiquities Le GrottelleAna LuiDespite all the jolly lollipop splashes of colour when Augustus excavated here and found the “bones of giants” At least that was according to sensationalist Suetonius who ran his quill dry detailing the orgies sadistic depravities and 12 opulent villas of Augustus’s successor a hypochondriac and a vegetarian,” scoffs retired journalist Renato Esposito “Our tourism is based on all these tall tales And this Tiberius complex.” If Capri ever had an orthodox religion it would be self-obsession Those “happily shipwrecked” here have always lived what Esposito calls “Capri diem” CapriAna LuiIt was perhaps inevitable that Capri would become the mecca of the selfie age the nectar of designer brands helps keep the hordes in the wasp trap of Capri town While ascending on foot to Tiberius’s Villa Jovis only the postman passes in front of the iron gates alive with jasmine and white butterflies guarding mansions the colour of dusty raspberries there is no one else to spoil Tiberius’s view from the gods of Capri: a vista of the Sorrentine peninsula with the white wake of boats like aeroplane trails in the glittering blue sweet breath of solitude at neoclassical Villa Lysis d’Adelswärd-Fersen’s 1905 temple to sex and opium watching the sunset casting the water below in gold leaf The joy of Capri is found in moments like these Only on the water do I experience true freedom powering past Grotta Azzurra and circumnavigating Anacapri with its summits covered in broom like wild sun-bleached hair On the water off CapriAna LuiEighteen nautical miles northwest of Capri there is a place where the sunlight is barely ever broken by human shadows The amphitheatre of high clifftop vines on the east coast of Ischia hasn’t changed since 700 BC It is still reached by the same ancient paths and lulled by the waves stretching before it like a sheet of hammered metal “The magic of these vines is their intimacy with the sea and our soils where every 100 feet of altitude changes the taste,” says 75-year-old Antonio Mazzella patriarch of one of Ischia’s most important cantinas for Biancolella a white wine known for its inaccessible vineyards and “heroic” winemakers who harvest grapes at the top of ladders and work without modern machinery We don’t care about the fads of Capri.” With one hand he dismisses its silhouette a humpbacked social butterfly on the horizon At the side of steep single-lane roads that wind through the undergrowth angel’s trumpets and bougainvillea cascade in static clouds of scent The Ischitani aren’t interested in milking their island like a cash cow Mezzatorre Hotel & Thermal SpaAna LuiIf Capri is for the selfie era, Ischia is the Italian island for the mindful and wellness ages; a place to immerse oneself in nature and shed skins The soothing amniotic sound of water is never far away: there are dozens of thermal water basins and 56 mineral springs The Italian bathing panacea since Roman times is now being hailed for its benefits to wellbeing as well as being a treatment for illnesses such as long Covid There are “spas” for every taste: from public thermal parks which has a jungle-green and sunset-pink wellness centre with moonlike lanterns the rustic Fonte delle Ninfe Nitrodi is thought to be the oldest spa in the world when it was dedicated to the cult of the nymphs young girls wrapped in wet towels could be Pre-Raphaelite muses were it not for the Rubenesque nonnas who lounge around like togaed chaperones Giardino EdenAna LuiBut there is no better symbol of the Ischitani’s guardianship of their island than the Angevin Castello Aragonese whose proprietors – descendants of the Mattera family which has owned it for more than a century – refuse to sell out Today it stands in profile as imposing as a flat-nosed Roman bust hosts concerts and is in a constant state of restoration Beneath a Baroque cathedral lies another Angevin one: blackened frescoed walls like beautiful lichen a higgledy layout of domes and secret staircases This tiny 1.4-square-mile Phlegraean island and maritime enclave most famous for its role in the 1994 film Il Postino as honest as anchovies and the scent of wet nets though it has no interest in summoning the spirit of la dolce vita for tourists The rhythms of gentle outboard motors are its only slow pulse – and the light dancing on the water like hundreds of electric eels has a green Michelin star for young chef Tommaso Luongo’s ingenious take on the island’s volcano-fed produce – such as pairing endangered zampognari beans with capers Regala o regalati un abbonamento al Giornale della Vela cartaceo + digitale e a soli 69 euro l’anno hai la rivista a casa e in più la leggi su PC le acque intorno all’Isola di Ischia ospiteranno la decima edizione della ScheriaCup24 una delle regate più innovative e affascinanti del panorama italiano (e non solo) Organizzata dalla Lega Navale Italiana – Sezione Isola d’Ischia con il supporto del Comune di Forio e del Marina del Raggio Verde questa competizione unica promette emozioni indimenticabili per gli amanti della vela e non solo La ScheriaCup24 è una regata a tempo di 24 ore che trasforma l’isola d’Ischia in un vero e proprio “velodromo marino” navigando per il maggior numero di miglia possibili intorno all’isola si sfidano in una sorta di circuito in una competizione che ricorda la celebre 24 Ore di Le Mans automobilistica doppiaggi e strategie audaci rendono ogni giro una nuova sfida e alla fine viene stilata la classifica sulla base delle miglia percorse e compensate secondo il coefficiente Time on Time Tra le novità della ScheriaCup24 ci sarà un contest fotografico abbinato alla regata e la possibilità di seguire le prime fasi della regata a bordo di imbarcazioni turistiche che solitamente effettuano il giro dell’isola Il comitato sta inoltre lavorando per proporre una versione e-sailing della ScheriaCup24 e a breve avvierà l’iter per essere riconosciuta come regata internazionale Fa parte dell’edizione 2025 anche la ScheriaCup XS un percorso breve (il primo giro della regata) che include le isole di Procida e Ischia fino a Capo Miseno Questa competizione assegnerà il Trofeo Napoli 2026 – Capitale Europea dello Sport è inserito anche nel calendario delle regate della classe J22 ed è valida anche come tappa del Campionato Primaverile di Napoli del Campionato Vele di Levante e di quello dei Campi Flegrei Iscriversi alla ScheriaCup24 è semplicissimo: basta visitare il sito scheriacup24.it/iscrizione Il tuo indirizzo email non sarà pubblicato Iscriviti ora alla nostra newsletter gratuita e ricevi ogni settimana le migliori news selezionate dalla redazione del Giornale della Vela E in più ti regaliamo un mese di GdV in digitale su PC accetta la Privacy Policy e clicca sul bottone “iscrivimi” Riceverai un codice per attivare gratuitamente il tuo mese di GdV la grande festa della vela caraibica dove la nostra Ida Castiglioni è a caccia di storie (qui la prima puntata e la seconda puntata) scampata alla guerra in Ucraina “grazie” alla vela Va in archivio a Livorno una bellissima e tecnica edizione della Ran 630 una delle regate più lunghe che si corrano in Mediterraneo (la più lunga per le barche a rating) Dopo l’arrivo della prima imbarcazione la grande festa della vela caraibica dove la nostra Ida Castiglioni è a caccia di storie (qui la prima puntata e la seconda puntata) scampata alla guerra in Ucraina “grazie” alla vela Il pronostico della vigilia è stato rispettato la linea d’onore della Ran 630 dello Yacht Club Livorno una delle più lunghe e impegnative regate che si corrano in Mediterraneo è andato al catamarano foil F4 Falcon di Matteo Uliassi PER COMUNICARE CON LA REDAZIONE02 535 811111 – speciali@panamaeditore.it PER LA PUBBLICITÀSenior account:Guido De Palma:tel Cookie policyPrivacy policy INFO ABBONAMENTI, VENDITE DIRETTE E PRODOTTI DIGITALI tel. 02 535811 111/200abbonamenti@panamaeditore.it Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker Volume 9 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.629736 This article is part of the Research TopicSource and Effects of Light to Moderate Magnitude EarthquakesView all 13 articles Ischia is a densely inhabited and touristic volcanic island located in the northern sector of the Gulf of Naples (Italy) the Mw 3.9 Casamicciola earthquake occurred after more than one century of seismic quiescence characterized only by minor seismicity which followed a century with three destructive earthquakes (in 1828 despite their moderate magnitude (Mw < 5.5) lead to dreadful effects on buildings and population an integrated catalogue systematically covering historical and instrumental seismicity of Ischia has been still lacking since many years we review and systematically re-analyse all the available data on the historical and instrumental seismicity to build an integrated earthquake catalogue for Ischia with a robust characterization of existing uncertainties Supported by new or updated macroseismic datasets we significantly enriched existing catalogues as the Italian Parametric Earthquake Catalogue (CPTI15) that passed from 12 to 57 earthquakes with macroseismic parametrization We also extended back by 6 years the coverage of the instrumental catalogue homogenizing the estimated seismic parameters The obtained catalogue will not only represent a solid base for future local hazard quantifications but also it provides the unique opportunity of characterizing the evolution of the Ischia seismicity over centuries and magnitude distributions of Ischia seismicity also in the present long-lasting period of volcanic quiescence is significantly non-stationary and characterized by a b-value larger than 1 The characterization of the seismic activity and of the consequent hazard is largely based on the knowledge that we can gain from past activity To allow a robust characterization of the seismicity such catalogues should systematically collect all the known seismic events as well as characterize at best the completeness of the record in the different periods and the existing uncertainty about seismic parametrization Especially for historical times and for light to moderate magnitudes (M < 6) Ischia and the Neapolitan volcanic district (A) Location of the Neapolitan volcanic district and of Vesuvius (B) Map of the island of Ischia and its present-day seismic network of the Island of Ischia and Procida considering that this small island (less than 50 km2) is densely inhabited with more than 60,000 steady inhabitants incremented by tourists during the summer season the existence of long periods of seismic quiescence with very low seismicity rates and of sequences of destructive earthquakes such as the one that occurred in the XIX century shows the complexity of the processes that generate the earthquakes at Ischia with duration magnitude estimations (Md) incompatible to CPTI15 inappropriate to characterize the seismicity of Ischia due to the very low number of events reported as well as earthquake parameters not directly comparable to each other and uniform through time we systematically revise the historical and instrumental seismicity in order to produce the first integrated catalogue of the earthquakes that can be attributed to the local volcano-tectonic activity of Ischia The analysis of the historical macroseismic records (Section “Macroseismic Catalogue: 8th Century BC – 2019”) consisted of: (i) scrutinizing the literature data to include all the earthquakes caused by local sources in the island; (ii) homogenizing intensity data; (iii) re-parametrizing the collected data with a standardized procedure that takes into account the relevant uncertainty; (iv) evaluating the completeness of the catalogue from the historical standpoint As for the recent instrumental seismicity (Section “Instrumental Catalogue: 1993–2019”) we: (i) discuss the evolution of the local instrumental network; (ii) revise the data and the parameter estimations extending the analysis as far back as the 1990s; (iii) evaluate the completeness of the catalogue The resulting integrated catalogue (macroseismic plus instrumental records) is then statistically analysed (Section “Statistical Characterization of the Seismicity”) through: (i) the characterization of the frequency-size distribution and related uncertainty; (ii) the characterization of the occurrence model of the seismicity by testing the hypothesis of stationarity in time utilizing a statistical test; and iii) the characterization of the spatial distribution and related uncertainty The result is an earthquake catalogue spanning over ten centuries which represents the primary dataset for investigating the long-term behaviour of the volcano seismicity of Ischia and assessing the related seismic hazard at local scale we describe the procedure adopted to produce the new revised macroseismic catalogue for Ischia through three main steps: (i) producing a comprehensive inventory of the known earthquakes; (ii) homogenising geographically the macroseismic intensity data; and (iii) parametrizing with a standardized procedure the events to determine their magnitude and location The revised catalogue, covering the time-span from the 8th century BC to 2019, is reported as Supplementary Dataset 1 We collected all the information available in the literature into a comprehensive inventory. The starting point is represented by the events included in the Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (hereinafter ASMI;2 Rovida et al., 2017) – the basic tool for collecting and validating macroseismic data in Italy – updated to 2017 and from which CPTI15 is compiled It contains a list of 245 studies referred to 102 earthquakes with related parameters and also the primary sources we also evaluated the state of knowledge through the critical analysis of data and sources This process mainly focused on the evaluation of the reliability of the primary sources – direct or indirect – and on the existence of explicit references to the earthquake effects at Ischia we tracked any specific doubt or issue that emerged we distilled the content of the inventory by removing fake and doubtful events potentially generated by other phenomena and those generated by seismic sources located outside the volcanic system of Ischia The analysis allowed eliminating 24 events it is worth mentioning some events which derived from the misinterpretation of historical sources (e.g. 1852) and the events of the 1880 seismic sequence located near the Pontine islands (80 km NW of Ischia) The same occurred for more recent earthquakes now relocated by instrumental data in the Tyrrhenian Sea and the 1983 event relocated in the Campi Flegrei area we indicated a record in the catalogue reporting “questionable” in the column “Notes” we also found groups of events not distinguished in terms of time and intensity (e.g. we indicated a record in the catalogue reporting the information about multiple events in the column “Notes” the inventory of the historical earthquakes referring to Ischia consists of 102 events The rich bibliography available for the historical earthquakes of Ischia includes studies based on different geographic positioning of the localities therein analysed; this makes original intensity data (both values and distribution) not directly comparable to each other we applied a homogenization procedure to univocally define a locality and to produce comparable seismic histories as well as earthquake parameters (see next section) In total, we obtained new (revised or produced ex-novo) MDPs distributions for 54 earthquakes, which significantly improved the ASMI database. The MDPs for the largest known earthquakes in Ischia (1828, 1881, 1883, and 2017) are reported in Figure 2 Intensity maps of the largest earthquake of Ischia solid and dashed lines represent the location uncertainty distribution (best guess; 1 and 2 σ areas When multiple studies are available for the 1828 (A,B) and 1883 (C,D) events the location uncertainty distribution represents also the ensemble of the available models (in black When only one study is available [1881 in panel (E); 2017 in panel (F)] the ensemble and the study results coincide To better interpret spatio-temporal variations and characterize the seismic hazard and risk it is critical to homogenize the parameters from different data sources characterizing as much as possible the existing uncertainty we shortly describe how this was achieved for Ischia The epicentral location from intensity data is routinely calculated in the CPTI15 catalogue through the latest version of the “Boxer” code (4.0; Gasperini et al., 2010) we applied the simplest technique for the determination of the epicentre – the so-called “Method 0” – that is calculated as the centre of gravity (truncated average of their coordinates) of the sites with highest intensities since it proved to be robust in case of poor intensity datasets and provided reliable results at Etna where the macroseismic features are similarly characterized by high-intensity attenuation and the extreme concentration of damage in small zones The results of the location estimation are reported in Figures 3A,B; note that the areas represent only the uncertainty of the epicentres and do not indicate any source geometry (A) Location map of the earthquakes included in the macroseismic and instrumental catalogues The size of the symbols is proportional to the magnitude while H and L indicate high and low-quality solutions (B) Location uncertainty for the macroseismic catalogue (only class ‘H’ event) (C) Location uncertainty for the instrumental catalogue an estimation of location uncertainty is of primary importance we first defined a reliability index for the location of the earthquakes based on the number of data available: VL (Very Low) for 1 MDP; L (Low) for 2–5 MDPs; H (High) for MDPs >5 we did not provide an estimation of the epicentre while for those labelled as L we calculated only the epicentre since data are considered not suitable for quantifying the related uncertainty epicentre and related uncertainty are reported for all the events classified as H we exploited the bootstrap method implemented in Boxer 4.0: the code fits a 2D Gaussian distribution quantifying its 2 × 2 covariance matrix so the ensemble model does not differ much from either individual study with the zone of highest probability (1 sigma) substantially covering the maximum damage area we also considered procedures to quantify Mw passing through the estimation of ML We obtained a standard deviation of residuals equal to 0.51 and 0.49 A Md-Mw relationship has been produced by Petrosino et al. (2008; hereinafter PET08; Figure 4A), calibrated on the instrumental magnitude range 0–4 through a standard least-square procedure. Adopting the fit of Petrosino et al. (2008) the uncertainty on Mw evaluation from Md results 0.30 (1 standard deviation PET08 produced a ML − Mw relationship Here we considered the available IMRs to define 3 alternative procedures for estimating Md (models D1 to D3) and 5 for Mw (models W1 to W5), as reported in Table 1 Note that AZZ11 combined with SAR16 (model W5) and PET08 (model W1) was previously adopted in CPTI15 for estimating Mw at Etna and Neapolitan volcanoes To account for the uncertainty of each of these procedures the ensemble takes in input not only best-guess estimates but also sets sampling the existing uncertainty all the models are accompanied by the quantification of uncertainty on the final magnitude for which we assume a normal distribution with a standard deviation equal to the uncertainty declared in the original study To propagate the uncertainty also in the models that consider the sequential application of two relationships (namely the ones to obtain Mw: models W1 to W5) we applied a sequential sampling procedure We first sampled the first uncertainty distribution and then we applied the second relationship to obtain Mw we obtained samples of Mw that propagate the uncertainty of both models Alternative methods adopted to estimate Md and Mw These 3 + 5 models represent all the possible procedures but they cannot be considered equally credible MAR88lin and MAR88log models derive from similar data and mainly differ for large magnitudes which are outside the magnitude range of the original calibration Given that MAR88lin calculates unrealistically high magnitudes which for the largest intensities would require too large fault sources for the size of the island and its seismogenic sources we prefer not to include in the ensemble the models performed with this relationship (Model D2 and W3 for Mw) the remaining models (D1 and D3) were weighted equally for all intensities For Mw we adopted a more elaborate strategy Model W2 provides a slope markedly different from the other models leading to relatively large magnitudes for low intensities and vice versa and therefore we decided to remove it from the ensemble and W5) were differently weighted for low (I0 < VIII) and high (I0 ≥ VIII) epicentral intensities Considering that Campi Flegrei may be considered a volcano-tectonic environment more similar to Ischia but high intensity and magnitude values are available only for Etna we defined the following weights: for I0 < VIII a weight of 2 is given to models including PET08 relationship (Models W1 and W4) and a weight of 1 to the remaining model (Model W5); for I0 ≥ VIII equal weight is assigned to all the models (W1 Numerical values for the obtained IMRs for Mw and Md we report the magnitude estimations for all the earthquakes in the macroseismic catalogue as estimated in Sections “Historical Completeness” and “The Sensitivity of the Instrumental Network and Completeness”: (A) time-span 1000–2019; (B) time-span 1993–2019 The red lines indicate the best guess value for the completeness magnitude (defined in Section “Magnitude-Frequency Distribution” based on the results of Sections “Historical Completeness” and “The Sensitivity of the Instrumental Network and Completeness” for the historical and the instrumental catalogues respectively); the dotted red lines report the assumed uncertainty bounds (+/– 0.2 Mw) for the completeness magnitude used to check the stability of parameters of the magnitude-frequency distribution (more details in Section “Magnitude-Frequency Distribution”) (C) Ensemble magnitude estimation for the 1828 earthquake compared with ensemble’s members (more details in Section “Magnitude”) even if the ensemble model for Mw appears compatible with data the one for Md appears significantly biased toward higher magnitudes also considering an uncertainty of 0.3 on the instrumental Md that both the ensembles would be compatible considering a lower epicentral intensity (I0 = IV) slightly more dispersed than the original distributions the uncertainty of I0 derived from the alternative MDPs is significantly smaller than the one resulting from the IMR we shortly recall the main facts referred to Ischia to evaluate the degree of completeness of its seismic history During the Greek and Roman periods (VIII BC – V century AD), Ischia was populated mainly along the coast (Delizia, 1987). The available sources for this period have recorded only earthquakes associated with eruptions, which dramatically impacted the inhabitants. In the early Middle Ages (VI-X century AD), Ischia was scarcely inhabited (Buchner Niola, 1965; Cundari, 1998) and no information is available about local seismic activity the island began to be part of a wider economic and administrative context for the extraction of alum but the relevant administrative documents were lost during the Second World War bombardments in Naples some contemporary sources recorded two natural events of significant impact for the island The 1302 eruption caused a serious impact on mining determining a depopulation of Ischia until the second half of the XVI century there is a substantial lack of information about facts and events of the island and probably the apparent lack of seismic events cannot exclude the occurrence of moderate earthquakes (I0 < VIII MCS) having left no traces in the few written sources of that time the role of thermal baths became increasingly important for Ischia: the settlements grew and the thermal treatments became the main activity thanks to the proximity to the Neapolitan area the island represented an elite destination for Italian and European tourism so for this period it is very likely that also traces of events of lower intensity should have been reported This condition of cultural interest for the “geological” events occurring in Ischia was strengthened by the foundation of the Osservatorio Vesuviano in Naples in 1841 and of the Osservatorio Geodinamico in Casamicciola in 1885 In conclusion, the results of the analysis of the historical completeness reported in Table 3 show that the catalogue can be considered complete starting from the mid-XVIII century as regards events of moderate intensity (I0 ≥ VII MCS), while the completeness for low intensity earthquakes (I0 ≥ IV MCS) significantly jumps to 1885, when the first local seismic monitoring system was installed at Ischia (Luongo et al., 2012) Completeness of the macroseismic and instrumental catalogues of Ischia based on historical considerations and network sensitivity tests The first seismic sensor deployed on the island of Ischia dates back to 1885, when G. Grablovitz installed a seismic tank in the newly founded Casamicciola observatory (Grablovitz, 1901; Grablovitz, 1902-1903; Ferrari, 2009; Luongo et al., 2012) The first modern seismic station was installed in the same location by the Osservatorio Vesuviano (hereinafter INGV-OV) (station OC9) in 1993 the seismic network has been regularly improved up to the present state Seismic stations at Ischia and Procida operated by the INGV Osservatorio Vesuviano The most recent instrumental seismic catalogue of Ischia, presented by D’Auria et al. (2018), contains earthquakes located or detected from January 1999 until February 2018. Instrumental earthquake data are routinely produced by INGV-OV and periodically updated, and made available on the web (the Ischia instrumental online catalogue)3 in order to save information on the occurrence area of a seismic event the catalogue is integrated with the indications of the felt area As detailed in the next subsections, to enlarge the instrumental dataset and make it comparable with the macroseismic catalogue, we revised the published instrumental catalogue (D’Auria et al., 2018) by (i) extending its time to the pre-1999 period (ii) better characterizing location uncertainties iii) enriching magnitude estimation by adding a derived Mw to the usually estimated Md and reporting also the estimation uncertainty we evaluated the completeness of the revised catalogue The revised catalogue, updated for the time-span from 1991 to 2019, is reported as Supplementary Dataset 3 The revision of the instrumental seismic catalogue was carried out to reconstruct a robust catalogue of pre-1999 seismicity since the first modern seismic station was installed in 1993 The first step was the recovery of the information present in the “Reports on the Surveillance Activity,” periodically prepared by INGV-OV and addressed to the Italian Civil Protection Department From a first comparison between the Reports and information reported in the paper archives we found discrepancies requiring a deeper analysis the archived seismic traces have been visually verified This painstaking analysis allowed us to distinguish between local earthquakes and other transient signals such as anthropic events (explosions by abusive fishermen) in the same area where some events were recently located in 2018 after the improvement of the seismic network Many events cannot be located, because of their low magnitude and the scarce number of seismic stations deployed on the island. The first located event was a Md 1.3 earthquake that occurred in 2007. The situation slightly improved in 2015, when the network passed from three to four seismic stations, and further improved in 2018, when the present-day monitoring network became available (Figure 1 and Table 4) The fairly low seismicity rate recorded in recent times in Ischia prevented also the development of detailed tomographic images by using local earthquake recordings. Three velocity models are currently used to locate earthquakes on the island (Figures 7A–C): Figure 7. Available velocity models and instrumental locations. (A) 1D Velocity models for Campi Flegrei (black, model A in the text) and Ischia (red, model B). (B) 3D velocity model for P waves (model C) for the Neapolitan volcanic district (modified from D’Auria et al., 2008) (C) Hypocentral location adopting the 1D (model A) The 1D velocity model of the Campi Flegrei; B. The 1D velocity model of Ischia, described in Capuano et al. (2015); C. The 3D velocity model described in D’Auria et al. (2008) The 1D crustal models (model A in green and B in blue) are very similar (model A resulting slightly faster than B) while model C shows the greatest differences. Models B and C were obtained by using data from the SERAPIS tomographic experiment (Judenherc and Zollo, 2004) aimed at defining the velocity model of Campi Flegrei despite the presence of some seismic stations on the islands of Ischia and Procida the number of seismic rays crossing the crust below Ischia is relatively low model C has a resolution of 250 m in the Campi Flegrei area which increases up to 1 km for Ischia (whose size is approximately 9 km × 6 km) Model C is characterized by a strong velocity contrast between Campi Flegrei and Ischia results in a highly heterogeneous vertical layer When the estimation of the location was impossible Notably, this estimation does not account for the uncertainty on the velocity model, which can potentially lead to an important underestimation of the effective uncertainty (Husen and Hardebeck, 2010; Garcia-Aristizabal et al., 2020) An indication of the impact of the uncertainty of the velocity model on the location is provided in Figures 7C,D where the largest earthquakes (Md ≥ 0.9) of the 2014–2018 period are located with the A and B velocity models The magnitude reported in the catalogue is the duration magnitude Md, based on coda duration, that allows rapid estimates even when the seismic traces are saturated or the signal to noise level is low (Petrosino et al., 2008) Md is still used to compile the seismic catalogue of Ischia because the magnitude of the recorded earthquakes is usually very low (<2.5) and the seismic stations very noisy In these cases the ML often cannot be estimated we consider an uncertainty of 0.3 associated with low Md values For the events with the highest magnitude (Md ≳ 4.0) the uncertainty quantified in the macroseismic catalogue is probably more appropriate (Section “Step 3: Parameterization of Historical Earthquakes”) In order to allow the comparison between the instrumental and macroseismic local and national datasets, we added the estimate of Md and Mw to both catalogues. For the instrumental one, following the same approach made for the macroseismic part (Section “Magnitude”), we used the Md − Mw relationship defined by PET08 shown in Figure 4A The uncertainty was estimated by combining the uncertainty of Md (assuming a normal distribution with σ = 0.3) with the one of the Md − Mw relationship (normal distribution with σ = 0.3 see Subsection “Magnitude” in Section “Step 3: Parameterization of Historical Earthquakes”) similarly to the procedure adopted for the macroseismic catalogue we sampled both the uncertainty distribution of Md and the one from the Md − Mw relationship for each sampled Md The Mw uncertainty reported in the instrumental catalogue corresponds to 1 σ to the current permanent seismic network (9 stations) and to the integrated seismic network given by the union of the mobile and permanent seismic networks (14 stations) The simulation of the detection and location threshold was carried out down to a hypocentral depth of 1,500 m because the high thermal gradient determines the ductile-fragile transition at a depth of about 2 km (e.g., Carlino et al., 2006; Castaldo et al., 2017; Cubellis et al., 2020) (A) Detection threshold of the seismic network composed of 4 (left) for earthquakes with a hypocentral depth of 500 and 1,500 m The stations’ position is indicated with black stars in the top panels [a and c in panel (A)].(B) Minimum magnitude for locating (4 recordings at least) events with a hypocentral depth between 500 and 1,500 m of depth considering a network with 4 stations (left) whose deployment terminated at the end of October 2017 is able to detect shallow earthquakes of magnitude Md > 0.5 in the whole island (panels b the best coverage remains in the northern area (where the historical main seismicity is concentrated) Note that this network also includes a station on the island of Procida The integrated network (permanent plus mobile stations) has a very high coverage in the epicentral area of the 2017 Casamicciola earthquake in order to identify any aftershocks Figure 8g–l shows the minimum magnitude to locate an earthquake with a hypocentral depth of 500 m (panels g according to the different network configurations The localization level of the current permanent seismic network is around Md = 1 reaching Md = 0–0.5 for very shallow earthquakes (depth 500 m) in the central-northern sector of the island Before the upgrade of the network (concluded in 2018) the location threshold was higher than Md 1.5 on the whole island Merging the earthquakes of the macroseismic catalogue (up to 1992) with the ones of the instrumental catalogue (from 1993) leads to a unified catalogue of 252 earthquakes, covering the time-span from the 8th century BC to the end of 2019. Among them, 78 events are the ones above the completeness magnitudes. The merged catalogue is reported as Supplementary Dataset 4 This represents the most complete and extended catalogue available for Ischia to date we can attempt to characterize the Ischia seismicity from a statistical point of view analysing spatial and magnitude-frequency distributions of the earthquakes and exploring the stationarity process of seismicity The completeness of the unified catalogue is defined according to the results of the historical completeness analysis for the macroseismic catalogue (Section “Historical Completeness”) and the completeness based on network sensitivity (Section “The Sensitivity of the Instrumental Network and Completeness”), adopting for both the moment magnitude Mw (Table 3). In Figures 5A,B the variation of completeness through time is compared with the magnitude estimations reported in the catalogue Given the small number of events and the difficulty in robustly defining completeness the impact of the uncertainty on the parameter estimations (b-value and annual rates) is investigated The tapered GR distribution is described by the equation (Kagan, 2002): where F(M) is the cumulative distribution function for the seismic moment M(F = 1-S, survivor function reported by Kagan, 2002); Mt is the minimum moment; β is the parameter controlling the slope of the distribution, and Mcm is the corner moment that rules the tapering of the right tail of the distribution. Since we adopt Mw in our catalogue, we convert the seismic moment in the previous equation using the Kanamori (1977) formula Comparing with more commonly used parameters and definitions Mt corresponds to the completeness magnitude Mcm to a “corner magnitude” over which the magnitude-frequency distribution decays quicker than a GR and β corresponds to 2/3 of the classical b-value in the following we refer to the classical parameters in terms of magnitude and b-value The smallest explored magnitude (the minimum among completeness levels) is magnitude Mw = 1.0 this method allows accounting for time-variable magnitude completeness and it considers in input the annual rates observed in each magnitude bin (including no observations) evaluated according to the estimated completeness for this magnitude (longer time intervals are available for the larger magnitudes) this method is less sensible than other ones (like the classical MLE) to the small magnitudes recorded only in the most recent part of the catalogue Magnitude-frequency distribution of the Ischia seismicity MLE of the tapered GR model; red dashed lines (B) Uncertainty (blue histogram) and MLE (red line) for b-value estimation (E) Scatter plot (blue points) and MLE (red dot) of the joint estimation of b-value (X-axis) and annual rate (Y-axis) (F) 2D histogram of the joint estimation of the b-value (X-axis) and annual rate (Y-axis); the colour scale represents the density and the red dot the joint MLE (G) Marginal distribution of the annual rate; the red line is the MLE (H) Marginal distribution of the b-value; the red line is the MLE we note that the uncertainties resulting from the parameter estimation with an MLE approach are comparable with the uncertainties considering a Gaussian error (with standard deviation of 0.2) on the evaluation of the magnitude of completeness This means that the obtained results for the magnitude-frequency distribution are robust being not critically dependent on the selected completeness magnitudes The strong correlation between the parameters leads to a non-centred joint MLE with respect to the 2D-histogram whereas the same MLE is compatible with both marginal distributions very similar to the one previously estimated the parameters describing both the complete and the incomplete part of the catalogue in case of a catalogue with a low number of events (<100) if we consider the b-value estimation and the associated uncertainty is still compatible with their findings (i.e. Considering that the largest earthquakes occurred in pre-instrumental times while most of small magnitude events are complete in instrumental times only the future seismicity detectable by the updated seismic network operating since 2018 will give the possibility to further test our findings (e.g. b-value >1) with a more homogeneous dataset while quite large uncertainties exist in magnitude estimations in this analysis we did not explore this uncertainty because most likely it has a quite complex structure that could influence the results the errors on magnitude are probably correlated in the macroseismic part of the catalogue but independent in the instrumental part the observed annual rate of the largest events (from Mw 3.6 complete from 1750) in the period 1750–1884 is 7 times higher with respect to the one in the period 1885–2019 (7 and 1 events Note that the 7 events that occurred during the time-span 1750–1884 are not all independent of each other: indeed, applying a classical declustering method to the catalogue (Gardner and Knopoff, 1974) we computed the probability to observe 6 (or more) events in 135 years the number of observed events in the first declustered sub-catalogue using the annual rate and the b-value estimated in the second sub-catalogue (λ = 6.85/year of Mw ≥ 1.0 We obtained a large majority of low probabilities (<0.05) demonstrating that the Poisson hypothesis for the seismic events’ distribution can be rejected independently from the existing uncertainty on the GR parameters or the magnitudes the seismicity of Ischia described by our integrated catalogue is a non-stationary process and significant modulations in the seismogenic process should be invoked to justify the observed long-term oscillations of the seismicity rate While the non-stationarity process could not be a surprising feature in volcanic seismicity, it is not so obvious in a volcanic system that did not experience any eruption in the last 700 years (last eruption occurred in 1302 AD) as well as volcanic unrest episodes in recent times (Selva et al., 2019) this significant non-stationarity will challenge the assessment of seismic hazard as the available data are sufficient to demonstrate that the Poisson hypothesis commonly adopted in the long-term analyses To analyse the spatial distribution of the earthquakes, we built a very high-resolution model of smoothed seismicity by using cells of 0.005° × 0.005°. Instead of Frankel’s classic smoothed seismicity method (Frankel, 1995), we implemented the innovative method proposed by Hiemer et al. (2014) where the Gaussian smoothing kernel is multiplied by a function that gives more emphasis to the strong past events that occurred when the magnitude completeness of the catalogue was higher to compensate the lack of low magnitude events in the catalogue we can base the smoothed seismicity model catalogue using all the events in the catalogue with a completeness that varies through time instead of using the most recent seismicity only due to the rather limited number of events in the catalogue The method uses the following Gaussian kernel: where Kij is the contribution to the j-th spatial cell of the i-th earthquake in the catalogue; rij is the distance between the i-th event of the catalogue and the centre of the j-th spatial cell; and σ is the so-called correlation distance which regulates the smoothing To obtain the total spatial rate of the j-th spatial cell the contributions of all the N earthquakes in the catalogue must be summed: Kj=∑i=1NKi⁢j Figures 10B–D show the spatial distributions obtained, adopting different σ (0.5, 1, and 1.5 km). We preferred to avoid any optimization procedure, since the total number of data in the catalogue is not large enough to produce a robust inversion of this parameter. The catalogue is declustered adopting the Gardner and Knopoff (1974) method to avoid a fictitious concentration of the spatial rate where past sequences occurred represent the spatial probability density function of the events the sum of the values in all the cells is 1 especially in its western and the central sector In this area is also located the 1863 event the only large event showing rather constant intensity values throughout the island and This means that this larger area cannot be completely neglected as a potential source of future seismicity Noteworthy, adopting the classical Frankel’s (1995) method and/or not declustering even if the classical approach – equal weight to all the events in the catalogue – creates a more homogeneous spatial distribution on the island and less emphasis to the stronger past events mainly clustered in the north-western sector of Ischia This allowed characterizing the statistical properties of the Ischia seismicity its significant non-stationarity also in a period of no eruptions or unrest episodes Log file of the unified earthquake catalogue This study not only provides significant insights into the knowledge of the seismicity of Ischia and its related hazard but also introduces significant novelties into the quantification and use of the uncertainties in the earthquake catalogues and their statistical characterization This is particularly important whenever a limited number of earthquakes is available The characterization and the management of uncertainty are based on the extensive use of the ensemble modelling as well as on the developments of tests that quantify the robustness of the statistical characterization accounting for existing uncertainties the main achievements of this study can be summarized as follows: the macroseismic data well describe the seismic history of Ischia and its seismic style small swarms with few low-energy events concentrated in few months and sequences with a destructive mainshock accompanied by some minor fore- and aftershocks The events which can be parameterized (location 16 of which above the damage threshold (I0 > V-VI MCS) They are being included in the Historical Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (ASMI) and will be used to update the national earthquake catalogue CPTI15 (currently including only 12 events) The standardization of intensity data represents a methodological aspect of interest for future applications • The integration of results from different studies through ensemble models is also an innovative approach to quantify the epistemic uncertainty of parametric data, providing more realistic uncertainty bounds than any single individual procedure (Taroni et al., 2014; Garcia-Aristizabal et al., 2020) The application to Ischia to the 1828 and 1883 events highlights good compatibility of the results from alternative studies Beyond the specific intensity estimates for a given site we are now aware that the relative difference in the earthquake parameters due to subjective factors (selection of localities interpretation of historical sources) or objective ones (the most important of which is the building vulnerability) are relatively minor This is particularly important for the earthquakes having a strong impact on the seismic hazard at the local scale • The extension of the instrumental catalogue as far back as 1991 confirms the very low rate seismicity in recent times The uncertainty on the earthquake parameters when the improvement of the seismic network allowed a better definition of the parameters although a decisive step would derive only from more constrained velocity models potentially including the entire area Ischia-Procida-Campi Flegrei to take advantage also of the Campi Flegrei seismic network • The seismicity is not limited only to the well known seismogenic area of Casamicciola, but is extended to the central part of the island, especially along the faults surrounding the most uplifted part of the resurgent block of Mt. Epomeo (e.g., Selva et al., 2019; Trasatti et al., 2019) While a decrease of the uncertainty in the location estimates may better constrain modulations in its spatial distribution the extension beyond the Casamicciola area is confirmed beyond uncertainty from both the spatial distribution of the instrumental seismicity and the results of standard statistical analyses applied to the entire revised catalogue this result is fairly stable and cannot be considered an artefact of the uncertainty on historical or instrumental locations • The observed Ischian seismicity significantly deviates from a stationary process also taking into account the uncertainty in data The exceptional higher rates of earthquakes with M_w ≥ 3.6 in the years 1750–1884 cannot be explained with the parameters estimated in the years 1885–2019; then a stationary Poisson process is not suitable to describe the Ischian seismicity independently from the application of declustering algorithms observations suggest that significant modulations in the seismogenic process have occurred leading to significant variations of the seismic rate through time The macroseismic data produced in this manuscript will be integrated in the same databases (ASMI, CPTI, and DBMI) in their next releases. 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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) *Correspondence: Jacopo Selva, amFjb3BvLnNlbHZhQGluZ3YuaXQ= Flickering Myth September 9, 2024 by Paramount has released a poster and trailer for Cassino in Ischia the upcoming action-comedy from director Frank Ciota a former action star that finds himself overshadowed by a new generation of actors and accepts a role in a ground-breaking action movie in attempt to revitalize his career Joining Purcell in the cast are Ugo Dighero Former box office king Nic Cassino (Dominic Purcell PRISON BREAK) finds himself overshadowed by a new generation of action stars down-on-his-luck Italian director to create an artsy But as they stumble through cultural clashes and a chaotic production Nic’s comeback attempt spirals into a hilarious journey of mishaps Cassino in Ischia arrives on digital on October 1st Amie Cranswick has been part of Flickering Myth’s editorial and management team for over a decade She has a background in publishing and copyediting and has served as Editor-in-Chief of FlickeringMyth.com since 2023 explores this reality through the journey of Nic Cassino (Dominic Purcell) a once-adored action actor now relegated to the background by a new generation of stars Hoping to revitalize his career, Cassino goes into exile in Italy, where he collaborates with struggling local filmmakers to create a unique action film: a project combining the codes of action cinema with those of Italian neo-realism professional challenges and the picturesque landscapes of Ischia this poignant drama questions notions of success artistic creation and personal reinvention Cassino à Ischia will be available on Paramount+ from January 10 Synopsis: The new generation of action heroes is knocking Nic Cassino off his pedestal He travels to Italy to work with struggling Italian directors on the first-ever "neo-realist" action film Cassino à Ischia will appeal to fans of introspective dramas Italian cinema enthusiasts and those who appreciate tales of reinvention and the quest for identity It could also appeal to viewers fascinated by works such as The Artist or Once Upon a Time in Hollywood which explore the challenges and transformations of the world of cinema What sets Cassino in Ischia apart is its bold blend of action cinema and neo-realism a tribute to an Italian artistic movement that marked the history of the 7ᵉ art Dominic Purcell plays with intensity a character torn between his glorious past and his desire to reinvent himself while actresses Miriam Candurro and Carlotta Natoli enrich the narrative with local characters rooted in Ischia's cultural realities With Cassino à Ischia, Frank Ciota offers a heartfelt and audacious drama about resilience and redefining oneself Between reflections on cinema and personal stories this film promises to be a vibrant tribute to the power of artistic creation This article is based on information available online; we have not yet viewed the film or series mentioned Paramount+: new films and series to discover in January 2025Discover Paramount+'s new releases for January 2025, with new films and captivating series to get the year off to a good start. [Read more] This page may contain AI-assisted elements, more information here Refer your establishment, click herePromote your event, click here one is enchanted by the extraordinary vegetation that 'stains' the land but this strip of land in front of the Gulf of Naples is not only an island devoted to fishing and holidaying; it is also a place of rural and deep traditions as is shown by the famous recipe for "coniglio all'ischitana" (Ischia-style rabbit) the project of the Botania Relais & Spa a three-hectare park created by the Polito family - the same entrepreneurs of the Therasia Resort Sea & Spa which on the island of Vulcano features two Michelin-starred addresses Cappero and Tenerumi with Davide Guidara's vegetable cuisine - was inspired by the products of the earth and the unspoilt nature that dominates Ischia owners have also decided to focus on a fine-dining restaurant with a purely vegetarian and vegan flavour which a year after its opening -in 2022- received a Michelin green star (the only one on Ischia) thanks to the extraordinary talent of Tommaso Luongo a chef from Ischia trained by his grandfather from birth to become a professional cook and I would linger and stare at him when he cooked." Although seafood was his first great love - including a 10-year stint as sous chef by Pasquale Palamaro at Indaco awarded a Michelin star - Tommaso has gladly accepted the Polito family's challenge to focus on vegetables in this case having as his background the advice of his grandmother I was only the cook at Corbezzolo (one of Botania's other two restaurants author's note) then the Politos made me this proposal It fascinated me and to this day I am happy with the path I am on," Luongo tells us who then continues: "I want to make people aware of the fact that plant-based cooking is the future cauliflower or broccoli can be used in their entirety Tommaso al Mirto articulates his culinary philosophy by putting one or at most two ingredients in the recipes extracting the humors and flavors of the dishes through multiple processing Being able to count on "zero metre" raw materials thanks to his own vegetable garden inside the Botania Relais Tommaso Luongo is also the executive chef of the entire facility which in addition to the previously mentioned Corbezzolo where a real "home kitchen" is staged overlooking the Gulf of Naples with an enviable view Even breakfast-which is served amidst birdsong and a veranda surrounded by nature-is under the supervision of the Ischian cook among homemade breads and pastries the smoothie corner and the savory side full of mozzarella and buffalo ricotta cheese not forgetting the "egg menu," which are cooked strictly express There are three tasting menus at Mirto : Euphoria Veg where you can have a mix of the two paths in four courses (while in the first two there are seven courses) The amuse bouche immediately reveals Tommaso's sensitive and rigorous hand with the playful tastes of first marinated then dried and finally grilled "Pomodorino" capers and cherry tomatoes or a "Sfogliato" reminiscent of Neapolitan tarallo with almonds and pears Original (as well as delicious) is the "Passeggiata nell'orto" a breadstick where there are several drops flavored with salted lemon The chef's wit continues in the "Tortello fritto" "Fried tortello" stuffed with bitter herbs salted lemon cream and Neapolitan friarello: a tribute to the two culinary traditions of the Neapolitan inhabitants: first called "mangia foglie" "leaf-eaters" and then "mangia maccheroni" the best is the "Zuppa di piselli", Pea Soup a base of fresh peas and a cream of fermented peas a broth made from the pods of grilled cooked peas and finally an oil also made from the cooking process It is an umami dish that is appreciated spoonful by spoonful with the legume coming out in all its cooking and texture This is followed by the Grilled leek with a fermented sesame cream while the texture of the leek is noteworthy Another preparation that highlights the chef's technique and study eight steps all based on Carnaroli and Venere rice across different marinades and fermentations: if the Carnaroli gives creaminess the Venere becomes crunch and pleasant in the mouth "Mushrooms and Peanuts " is a dish that takes advantage of the textures and flavors of Pleurotus mushroom first oxidized and then grilled and glazed with a mushroom reduction; at the base there is a mix of sautéed champignons and pioppini Remarkable savoriness and essentiality of concept and product "Pera e anice " is the vegan dessert that always plays on the two ingredients being meticulously crafted yet then dinner is concluded with the chef's "spaghettata," when at the table he whips up Spaghetti with soy milk a dish that takes its cue from a typical Ischian dessert at Corbezzolo we find a purely seafood cuisine where Tommaso also gives us gastronomic cues that are never trivial the "Ris-orto (a play on words risotto and orto garden) alla pescatora" (new on the menu) or the Spaghetti alla "Nonno Tommasino," a tribute to his grandfather and of reassuring goodness "When my grandfather would come home with unsold fish he would always make this recipe with a sauté of garlic chili peppers sprinkled with cherry tomatoes and flavored with rockfish like mullet." represents the best of Neapolitan flavors: from "Bruschetta" with broad beans and bacon (typical of Ischia) to "Caprese" with three different types of tomatoes (yellow which Chef Tommaso proposes in the version with tomato showing all the love he has for his island - a feeling so great that we www.botaniarelais.com Do you want to discover the latest news and recipes of the most renowned chefs and restaurants in the world La nostra società utilizza inoltre cookie funzionali per registrare informazioni sulle scelte dell’utente e per consentire una personalizzazione del Sito; ad esempio Questi cookie possono essere installati dalla nostra società o da Terze parti In caso di disabilitazione di questi cookie la qualità e l’esperienza di navigazione potrebbe non essere soddisfacente Questi cookie sono installati da social media per consentire la condivisione dei contenuti del presente Sito Essi sono in grado di monitorare la navigazione compiuta anche in altri siti e creano un profilo dell’utente sulla base dei suoi interessi Ciò potrebbe avere un impatto sul contenuto e messaggi visualizzati sugli altri siti visitati non sarà possibile utilizzare o visualizzare questi strumenti di condivisione per l’installazione e l’uso di tali cookie occorre il consenso dell’utente Per maggiori informazioni consulta la pagna cookies policy Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.999222 This article is part of the Research TopicWomen in Science: Seismology 2022View all 6 articles we investigated ground motion directional amplification and horizontal polarization using ambient noise measurements performed in the northern sector of Ischia Island which suffered damage (VIII EMS) during the 21 August 2017 Over 70 temporary seismic stations were installed by the INGV EMERSITO task force whose aim is to monitor site effects after damaging earthquakes in Italy To investigate ground motion directional amplification effects we have applied three different techniques testing their performance: the HVSR calculation by rotating the two horizontal components and time–frequency domain polarization analysis These techniques resulted in coherent outcomes highlighting the occurrence of directional amplification and polarization effects in two main sectors of the investigated area Our results suggest an interesting pattern for ground motion polarization that is mainly controlled by recent fault activity and hydrothermal fluid circulation characterizing the northern sector of the Ischia Island • Directional amplification and ground motion amplification are investigated at the Ischia Island after the 21 August 2017 • Robust results were obtained by applying three analysis techniques in time and frequency domains • The directional amplification pattern and polarization are mainly controlled by recent fault activity and hydrothermal fluid circulation the horizontal ground motion amplitude exceeds 100% of the complementary azimuth angle directional amplification corresponds to linearly polarized ground motion On fractured rock slopes, maximum amplification and ground motion polarization transversal to large open fractures associated with the movement of the slope instability are observed in several papers (Burjánek et al., 2010 and many others). Recently, Burjanek and Kleinbrod (2019) successfully reproduced the observed transfer function on fractured rock slopes by using three-dimensional numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation They confirmed that compliant fractures can generate polarized ground motion and maximum amplification transverse to their strike the effect being primarily controlled by the stiffness This effect results in the time domain in polarization parallel to the fault strike and in the frequency domain to directional amplification in a frequency band depending on the velocity contrast between the fault zone and host rock providing a technique to monitor fluid-driven processes at stressed volcanoes Ischia is composed of volcanic rocks, epiclastic deposits, and subordinate terrigenous sediments, reflecting a complex history of alternating constructive and destructive phases. Lava and tuffs are the more ancient rock of the island that comprise the substratum for all the younger overlaying volcano-sedimentary successions (Figure 1) 60°–85° N dipping synthetic faults overall along the master fault on the resurgent Mt Epomeo N flank (slip-rate exceeding 3 cm/yr between 33 kyr B.P and the present); and 2) a secondary antithetic The combined use of these three different techniques is very important to obtain an overall and complete description of the observed effects and to overcome the limitations intrinsic to each one the HVSR technique can be “non-informative” in some cases (e.g. in the presence of lateral and vertical heterogeneities or velocity inversion) due to the occurrence of amplification on the vertical component of motion signals need to be bandpass filtered; thus it cannot furnish a complete description of the effects in all frequency ranges the time–frequency polarization analysis led to description of the effect versus frequency but it is hard to interpret the results using the quantitative criterion as we will demonstrate in the next sections for the other two methods 1) We use rotated HVSRs to get a grasp on the directional amplification effect quantitatively defining its pattern through several parameters (Section 3.1) 2) We apply the time-domain covariance matrix technique bandpass filtering signals in the frequency bands 0.2–0.8 and 1–5 Hz obtaining an estimate at each station of polarization strength and mean azimuth (Section 3.2) the time–frequency technique was used to validate the results using the two previous techniques in terms of the polarization azimuth (Section 3.3) We ensured the availability of at least 30 time windows at each station The calculation of HVSRs was then performed by rotating the two horizontal components by steps of 10° from 0° to 180°. For each rotated component, we considered a window length of 120 s, 5% tapered, filtered with a fourth-order Butterworth filter in the frequency range 0.1–25 Hz, and smoothed with the Konno–Ohmachi algorithm (b=20, Konno and Ohmachi, 1998) we show directional amplification estimated through the HVSR at two exemplificative stations we also furnish results at the other stations The HVSR curves are plotted separately for each rotation angle (panels a1 and c1) They are also graphed using a contour plot (panels b1 and d1) the x-scale represents the frequency; the y-scale the rotation angle; and the color scale is related to amplitude levels HVSRs show to what extent horizontal motion is amplified compared to vertical motion as a function of the frequency and direction of motion allowing the detection of the frequency band where ground motion tends to be mostly horizontal the directional amplification pattern at each station is defined through the frequency band F0; maximum amplitude (A0); polarization azimuth; and directionality index (DI) Such parameters obtained for the two exemplificative stations are summarized in panels b2 and d2 At first, we found the largest amplitude value (A0) on HVSR curves and read the associated frequency value, that is the frequency peak (F0). In accordance with the SESAME guidelines (2004), we considered an Amax of HVSRs higher than 2 as the basic condition for ground motion amplification. Then, following Pischiutta et al. (2018) and considering the minimum (MinHV) and maximum (MaxHV) amplitude values given at F0 by all rotation angles we automatically estimate at each station: The directionality index was proposed by Pischiutta et al. (2018) to distinguish whether a peak is directional or uniform in the CRISP INGV database (http://crisp.ingv.it) involving all stations of the Italian seismic network They considered a threshold of 1.5 for DI [that is called “function B (f)” in their work] based on authors’ practice and common experience we chose to downgrade this threshold to 1.4 3) The frequency band where the largest amplification falls Further details about the criterion used to objectively interpret the results of HVSR analysis involving DI (f) and C(f) can be found in Pischiutta et al. (2018) Station ESI35 shows two peaks at 0.6 and 1.9 Hz this station is considered to be affected by directional amplification Polarization azimuth values are 90° and 110° for F0 of 0.6 and 1.9 Hz These directions correspond to the maximum amplitude values at the two peak frequencies station ESI17 is not affected by amplification effects and HVSR amplitudes are lower than two in the whole considered frequency band 0.2–15 Hz the remnant parameters are not defined (ND) In order to assess HVSR result variability over small distances, we also processed data acquired by four 2D seismic arrays, whose data and results are described in detail in a complementary paper by Nardone et al. (2022). Stations in each array acquired a simultaneous signal for at least 90 min during daytime, with a sampling rate of 250 Hz. Their locations and results in terms of rotated HVSRs are furnished in the Supplementary Data Sheet S1 the polarization ellipsoid is characterized by three parameters: with λ1 > λ2 > λ3 being the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix R takes values between 0 (pure spherical motion) and 1 (pure rectilinear motion) defined as the angle between the projection on the horizontal plane of the polarization vector and north - Incidence angle I between the polarization vector and the vertical axis: 90° angles indicate horizontal propagation whereas 0° angles correspond to the vertical incidence In order to select polarization azimuth values associated with a horizontal and linear ground motion, we apply a hierarchical criterion proposed by Pischiutta et al. (2012) - Exclusion from statistics values of AZ for which R < 0.5 and I < 45° (that means sub-spherical and nearly vertical polarization ellipsoids) - Linearly normalizing between 0 and 1 the R and I values ranging in the intervals 0.5 ≤ R < 1 and 45° ≤ I < 90° - Calculation of a weight value WH in each time window given by We use as a threshold WH≥0.7 to select AZ values associated with the same time windows. This condition was set consistently with previous papers (Pischiutta et al., 2012, 2018) to ensure that results are representative of a significant part of the signal (i.e. the percentage of rejected time windows had to be lower than 25%) in order to quantify the spread of the azimuthal distribution of the polarization vector and the resultant vector length is defined as follows: The results at two exemplificative stations (ESI35 and ESI17) are shown in Figure 3. Histograms of polarization azimuth values are obtained in the frequency bands 0.2–0.8 Hz (panels a1 and c1) and 1–5 Hz (panels b1 and d1). Similarly, in panels a2, b2, c2, and d2, we also add histograms of the rectilinearity values, given by Eq. 4 polarization azimuth values are concentrated around a mean (N88°±19° and N104°±25° for the bands 0.2–0.8 and 1–5 Hz the RL parameter in both the bands is higher than 0.6 polarization azimuth values are spread (RL ≤ 0.4); therefore a mean polarization azimuth cannot be defined rectilinearity values are lower than those at station ESI35 confirming that ESI17 is not affected by ground motion horizontal polarization effects In the Supplementary Material we add results at the other recording stations Signals are thus decomposed in the time–frequency domain polarization is characterized by an ellipsoid from which the polarization azimuth is defined as the azimuth of the major axis projected to the horizontal plane from North In Figure 4, we show results obtained at stations ESI35 and ESI17. In panels a1 and b1, we plot the ellipticity versus frequency which is defined, according to Vidale (1986) as the ratio between the length of the minor and major axes: ellipticity approaches 0 when ground motion is linearly polarized we found that this parameter is not sensitive enough to distinguish linearly polarized motion we obtained similar values at ESI35 and ESI17 while both the HVSR and covariance matrix techniques highlighted the occurrence of directional amplification at ESI35 and the absence of effects at ESI17 it is hard to find a semi-quantitative criterion to interpret the polarization strength using ellipticity; thus we use this technique only to validate results obtained through the HVSR and covariance matrix techniques in terms of polarization azimuth Azimuth values obtained from all over the time series are cumulated and plotted in panels a2 and b2 and represented using polar plots The contour scale represents the relative frequency of occurrence of each value; the distance to the center represents the signal frequency in Hz (panels a2 and b2); and white dotted circles indicate frequencies of 1 Hz The mean polarization azimuth and standard deviation are calculated at stations where the HVSR analysis highlighted the occurrence of directional amplification we obtained values of 83°±14° and 114°±22° considering HVSR peak frequencies of 0.6 and 1.9 such parameters were not defined since the HVSR technique did not reveal any directional amplification effects Results for time–frequency polarization analysis at stations ESI35 (A) and ESI17 (B) It is defined as the ratio between the length of the minor and major axes and approaches 0 when ground motion is linearly polarized polarization azimuth values obtained from all over the time series analyzed are cumulated and graphed using polar plots where the contour scale represents the relative frequency of occurrence of each value and the distance to the center represents the signal frequency in Hz Dashed circles depict frequencies of 1 Hz In previous sections, we described the three methodologies and the analysis flow (Section 3) that we applied to investigate ground motion directional amplification and polarization. Their combined use furnished redundant results and led to a robust estimate of the observed effect overcoming limitations intrinsic to each of them. In the Supplementary Table S2 we report analysis results for the three techniques for the two frequency bands They include the estimation of the following parameters: - Covariance matrix analysis in the time domain after bandpass filtering signals in two frequency ranges, 0.2–0.8 Hz and 1–5 Hz: Polarization azimuth AZ (with associated standard deviation) and resultant length RL (Section 3.2). The condition for polarized ground motion is given by RL >0.4, and when not satisfied, the parameter AZ was not estimated (indicated as “ND” in Supplementary Table S2) - Time–frequency analysis: Polarization azimuth AZ and standard deviation (Section 3.3) were evaluated in the frequency equal to F0 when DI>1.4 (otherwise indicated as “ND” in Supplementary Table S2) we give the final effect in terms of the geographical direction evaluated as a mean of azimuth values and in terms of the frequency band (from the HVSR analysis) In Figure 2 and in Supplementary Figures S1–S11, we show results at all stations. Moreover, in Supplementary Figure S12 we add some examples for inconsistent results suggesting that such discrepancies are related to the strict constraints that we use to distinguish between directional/non-directional and polarized/non-polarized motion we also produce maps of the resultant length RL by using an inverse distance squared interpolation red colors correspond to linearly polarized motion while blue colors correspond to non-polarized motion Results obtained in the two frequency bands 0.2–0.8 Hz (top panel) and 1–5 Hz (bottom panel) The inset in the left-bottom is focused on Casamicciola village Faults in the area are reported (red lines) as is the causative fault of the 2017 earthquake (blue line) Stations with directional amplification and polarization effects are depicted through red triangles Polarization azimuth distribution is plotted as a rose diagram Contour maps of the resultant length are produced using an inverse distance squared interpolation (red colors correspond to linearly polarized motion) The high-angle effects of the fault strike are also evident in the NE sector of the investigated area and close to the coast with polarization tending to be oriented in the NNE–SSE direction (stations ESI36 nearly orthogonal to ESE–WSW faults) polarization at a high angle to the fault strike is observed only in the frequency band 0.2–0.8 Hz while they are absent in the frequency band 1–5 Hz suggesting that such effects are produced by heterogeneities at deeper depth (hundreds of meters considering shear wave values in the order of 300–600 m/s) However, when approaching the active normal fault (red lines in Figures 1, 3), polarization tends to be fault-parallel, even following fault strike oscillation from ENE–WSW to EW. This is also in agreement with the coseismic ruptures (yellow lines in Figures 1, 3) and causative fault of the 2017 earthquake (blue lines in Figures 1, 3) This effect is evident in both frequency bands (0.1–0.8 Hz and 1–5 Hz) and due to the high number of installed stations it is particularly clear in the sector of Casamicciola village that suffered the highest damage (X MCS) during the last earthquake (see the inset in the bottom panel) we propose the following two hypothetical explanations for this parallel relation between ground motion polarization and the strike of these active system faults becomes parallel to fracture) and seismic anisotropy fast direction (which further analyses are needed to test this latter hypothesis implying a study of seismic anisotropy to confirm the occurrence of a 90° flip our stations did not record any seismic events earthquake recordings at stations of the temporary network installed by INGV to detect aftershocks are poor and not appropriate for anisotropy studies A final consideration regards the possibility that observed amplification may be due to the Mt. Epomeo topography, such as due to constructive interference of seismic waves diffracted by the convex shape of topography, according to the “topo resonant model” (Burjanek et al., 2014a; Burjanek et al., 2014b) where the resonance frequency is related to the hill dimension and the mean shear-wave velocity (Géli et al. Epomeo topography since the effect is clearly concentrated close to the causative fault of the 2017 earthquake particularly in the frequency band 0.2–0.8 Hz amplification due to topography convexity is expected on the top stations showing amplification are mainly located at the lower slope of Mt and stations installed at the middle slope do not show any effects (e.g. - We determined polarization and directional amplification patterns in northern Ischia across active fault systems responsible for the 2017 Md 4.0 earthquake considering both the main and secondary amplification peaks - Our observations suggest that horizontal polarization patterns depend on the site and are mainly controlled by the local geology, as suggested by several other studies on fault zones (Marzorati et al., 2011), volcanoes (Falsaperla et al., 2010; Cusano et al., 2020a; Cusano et al., 2020b), and landslides (Burjanek et al., 2010) - On older faults and geomorphological lineaments, we found polarization at a high angle to the fault strike, consistent with several studies (Panzera et al., 2014) MP and SP contributed in the field by collecting seismic noise data. 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Pischiutta, bWFydGEucGlzY2hpdXR0YUBpbmd2Lml0 by September 6, 2024Source: YouTube but it looks just plain bad and exceptionally unfunny Here's the official trailer (+ poster) for Frank Ciota's film Cassino in Ischia, direct from YouTube: Find more posts in: To Watch, Trailer Add our RSS to your Feedly +click here+ Latest posts now available on Bluesky: Get the latest posts sent on Telegram Want emails instead?Subscribe to our dailynewsletter updates: Vai al contenuto Vai al contenuto Italian version A study led by the Department of Cultural Heritage at the University of Padua published in "iScience," has revealed that in the 8th century BC the community on the island of Ischia was composed of Greek with a significant presence of immigrant women Using isotopic analysis of bones and teeth from over 50 individuals buried in the necropolis of Pithekoussai the team highlighted the complexity of cultural and biological interactions at this key site for the study of Magna Graecia "Revealing a highly heterogeneous society where newcomers – Greeks contributing to the formation of a multifaceted and cosmopolitan social identity," explains Melania Gigante the study's first author and a lecturer at the Department of Cultural Heritage at the University of Padua saw the first Greek settlement in the western Mediterranean and became a centre for coexistence among local communities The archaeological heritage of this land offers a unique insight into the dynamics of human mobility and biocultural interactions during the Iron Age The research established that female mobility – not just that of male colonists and merchants – was a structural element in the construction of the Pithekoussai community and biogeochemical data has allowed us to reconstruct the movements and interactions of the people inhabiting the island of Ischia with an unprecedented level of detail confirming the image of a Mediterranean of dialogue and mobility during the first millennium BC," notes Carmen Esposito co-author of the study and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Research Fellow at the University of Bologna The research involved various Italian and international institutions and also analysed the Tomb of the Cup of Nestor one of the most iconic burials in Pithekoussai dated to the second half of the 8th century BC The isotopic analysis carried out here established that at least one of the individuals buried next to the cup was born locally opening new perspectives on social and cultural integration "What has been published well represents the current state of advanced research in bioarchaeology where cutting-edge techniques open up previously unimaginable horizons of knowledge about the past," comments Alessia Nava anthropologist at La Sapienza University of Rome lecturer at the Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences reiterating the importance of this type of scientific approach This research thus represents the first direct evidence of Greek colonisation in the 8th century BC and offers a new perspective on Mediterranean history paving the way for future studies on the dynamics of mobility and cultural integration in antiquity the volcanic island of Ischia saw the first Greek settlement in the western Mediterranean and became a true emporium of coexistence between local communities Greeks and Phoenicians: this is revealed in a study entitled Where Typhoeus lived 87Sr/86Sr Analysis of Human Remains in the Volcanic Environment of the First Greek Site in the Western Mediterranean (Pithekoussai published in the scientific journal ‘iScience’ by an international research team coordinated by Melania Gigante of the Department of Cultural Heritage of the University of Padua which analysed the human remains of the Pithekoussai necropolis (on Ischia) demonstrating the complexity of cultural and biological interactions in this key site for the study of the birth of Magna Graecia The archaeological heritage of Ischia offers a unique insight into the dynamics of human mobility and biocultural interactions at the dawn of Magna Graecia during the Iron Age Mediterranean (between the 8th and 7th centuries BC) The study is based on strontium isotope analysis of teeth and bones of individuals buried in the Pithekoussai necropolis many of whom have been identified as immigrants from the earliest times ‘By analysing the isotope ratio of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) in mineralised bone and tooth tissue samples from more than 50 individuals our study identified an important component of foreigners at Pithekoussai revealing a highly heterogeneous society in which the newcomers - Greeks contributing to the formation of a multifaceted and cosmopolitan social identity,' says Melania Gigante first author of the study and lecturer at the Department of Cultural Heritage of the University of Padua anthropological and biogeochemical data allowed us to reconstruct the movements and interactions between the peoples who populated the island of Ischia with a level of detail never reached before and confirming the image of a Mediterranean of dialogue and mobility during the first millennium BC,’ adds Carmen Esposito co-author of the study and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Research Fellow at the University of Bologna the data also show that female mobility - and not just that of male settlers and traders - was a structural element in constructing the Pithekoussai community ‘What has been published well represents the current state of advanced research in bioarchaeology where the most cutting-edge techniques are used opening up horizons of knowledge on the past that were unimaginable until recently,’ comments Alessia Nava an anthropologist at Sapienza University of Rome lecturer at the Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences and co-author of the study in stressing the importance of this type of scientific approach The University of Bologna (Carmen Esposito) University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Federico Lugli) the Museum of Civilisations in Rome (Alessandra Sperduti) the Ministry of Culture (Regional Secretariat for Campania Università L’Orientale in Naples (Bruno d'Agostino) Sapienza University of Rome (Alessia Nava) and Goethe Universität Frankfurt (Wolfgang Müller) collaborated on the research One of the most significant aspects of the research concerns the famous Tomb of Nestor's Cup one of the most iconic burials of Pithekoussai and Mediterranean archaeology The tomb is known for the presence of a cup bearing one of the oldest inscriptions in the Greek alphabet known to date evoking the legendary cup of the Homeric hero Nestor the meaning of the inscription and the identity of the deceased have been debated An earlier study (published in 2021 by Gigante and colleagues) had already shown that the burial contained human and faunal remains disproving the hypothesis that it was a cremated child: now the scholars have established that at least one of the individuals buried next to the precious cup was born locally ‘The case of the Tomb of Nestor's Cup is emblematic of the complexity of Pithekoussai as a multicultural community but also of how Homeric culture spread far from the Greek geographical world The evidence of a (possibly) locally born individual in a burial with prestige elements of clear Greek origin opens new perspectives on the construction of identities and the dynamics of social integration in the early Greek settlement of the West,' Gigante continues ‘As well as providing new evidence for the settlement of the western Mediterranean in the early Iron Age this research successfully tested the applicability of isotopic analysis on human remains found in extremely destructive volcanic sediments opening up new perspectives for the study of mobility in the past,’ concludes Luca Bondioli co-author of the research and lecturer at the Department of Cultural Heritage of the University of Padua The research represents the first direct evidence that confirms the historical-archaeological reconstruction of Greek colonisation in the 8th century BC and the interdisciplinary approach adopted offers a new insight into a crucial phase of Mediterranean history Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences alessia.nava@uniroma1.it © Sapienza Università di Roma - Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma - (+39) 06 49911 - CF 80209930587 PI 02133771002 TEHRAN-Iranian movie “Cold Sigh” written and directed by Nahid Azizi Sedigh won an award at the closing ceremony of the 22nd Ischia Film Festival in Italy The best cinematography award was given to Masoud Amini Tirani for “Cold Sigh” which represented Iran in the main section of the festival the jury explained: “A first work with strong tones that finds its strength in a livid photography that very well underlines the feelings of the protagonist and his conflictual relationship with his father” has been released from prison after 20 years Bahram killed his wife -- Baha's mother -- having accused her of cheating on him who has never coped with this and is still full of anger and resentment decides to go and get his father from prison himself Bahram and Baha begin their journey while neither can find the words “Cold Sigh” has won several national and international awards so far it received the Grand Prix of the 17th Cheboksary International Film Festival in Cheboksary it won three prizes at the 46th Moscow International Film Festival (MIFF) in Russia the Audience Choice Award for the Best Film and the NETPAC (Network for the Promotion of Asia Pacific Cinema) Special Mention the film won the Special Jury Award for Best Film in the International Competition of the Fajr Film Festival The Ischia Film Festival is an international film festival dedicated to film works and features It aims at protecting the heritage and unique characteristics of the locations represented on screen thus the competition is especially addressed to those works that highlight the landscape and cultural identity of the territories in which the films are shot ShareSaveLifestyleTravelWill Ischia Be Italy's Next Hot Destination? 16 Reasons to Visit NowByCatherine Sabino Photo by Antonio Capone/AGF/UIG via Getty Images Ischia may be one of Italy’s best-kept secrets (as far as international travelers are concerned) an 18-square mile volcanic island hiding in plain view—yes that’s the hazy outcropping you see in the distance as you sail to its sparkly neighbor Capri in the Gulf of Naples 1. It’s not Capri—that’s the point. “Foreigners mostly head to Capri, but Ischia is where the Italians go,” says Petrino. “It’s much more down-to-earth.” Maronti beach. Photo by: Giuseppe Greco/REDA&CO/UIG via Getty Images 2. The beaches here are less rocky than in many spots along the Amalfi Coast and on Capri. “You have more options for sandy seasides,” says Petrino. These include the popular, lengthy Spiaggia dei Maronti in Barano d’Ischia, and Citara beach in Forio. A cliff near the thermal springs of Sorgeto Bay. Shutterstock 4. You’ll find affordable lodging even in high season. “You have a wider choice of hotels, which run the gamut from from 3-to-5-stars, than on the Amalfi coast or in Capri,” says Petrino. “Many are great deals with half board (mezza pensione) included in the room price.” In addition to the savings, a half-board option means that since you're dining at your hotel, you don’t have to worry about driving those narrow coastal roads after dinner. 5. The restaurants are well-priced too. “In Ischia you have an Italian clientele year-round, so restaurants know that the prices you find in resorts catering to tourists won’t be accepted here,” says Petrino. 6. It may not be as jet-setty as Capri, but Ischia has hardly lacked for boldface names. Celebrities have been coming to the island for decades, among them Liz Taylor, Richard Burton, Jennifer Lopez and Nicole Kidman. Parts of the movie The Talented Mr. Ripley with Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow were shot on the island. And if celebrity spotting is your thing, head to Ischia in July when the Film Festival is in full swing. German Chancellor Angela Merkel takes a walk by the sea with her husband. Photo by Marco... [+] Cantile/LightRocket via Getty Images 7. Power players come here. Chancellor Angela Merkel is an Ischia devotee, escaping to the island not only in summer, but for Easter holidays too. (And like their leader, German travelers are attracted to the the island. Because of all the visitors from up north, many Ischians speak German and signage often includes the language as well.) On the set of the HBO series based on the Elena Ferrante novel, My Brilliant Friend, parts of which... [+] were filmed in Ischia. Photo by Salvatore Laporta/KONTROLAB /LightRocket via Getty Images. 8. The literati have loved Ischia. From Stendhal in the 1800s to Truman Capote and Tennessee Williams during the last century, Ischia has been a magnet for big-name writers. Parts of Elena Ferrante’s popular novels, My Brilliant Friend and The Story of a New Name, were set on the island (and HBO has filmed here for the upcoming series based on My Brilliant Friend.) 9. It’s an island, so there’s great seafood. “You can expect fresh fish caught that day and I recommend ordering spaghetti alle vongole along the coast,” says Petrino. 10. But there’s also a hearty mountain cuisine. “In high-altitude areas in the hinterlands [the villages of the hilly Serrara Fontana comune are around 2600 feet above sea level], you’ll find a cuisine different from what you have along the sea, with pheasant and rabbit stews among the offerings,” says Petrino. Added bonus—because of the elevation, many restaurants in these areas provide outstanding views of the Gulf and coastline. Vineyards on Ischia. Photo by: Giuseppe Greco/REDA&CO/UIG via Getty Images 11. And a notable wine scene. “With a number of vineyards on the island, you have a good selection of local wines,” says Petrino. Ischia Bianco, which is made primarily from Forastera and Biancolella grapes, the latter believed to come from vines introduced by ancient Greeks, is one of the area’s DOC labels. Limoncello bottles. Photo by Marka/UIG via Getty Images 12. And varieties of limoncello. Made from the island’s bounty of lemons, this smooth liqueur is a taste of summer that can be enjoyed year long. Ischians not only pride themselves on their recipes for making limoncello, but use it in a number of dishes. You can also sample such varieties as crema di limoncello, made with milk and cream; and even a type created from oranges, called arancello. 14. The nightlife is lively. “In Porto, the nighttime scene is fun with lots of restaurants, boutiques and shops that are open before and after dinner,” says Petrino. In Porto you’ll also find the greatest concentration of disco bars and nightclubs. Ischia Ponte, where you can check out many artisan shops. Shutterstock 15. You can shop local. “There are many artisan shops, particularly in Ponte,” says Petrino. “Here you can have custom sandals handmade in half an hour for about €100.” Ischia is also good for buying ceramics, notes Petrino, an island craft that dates to Greek times. You’ll find many handmade and hand-painted pieces, known for their intricate patterns and bold use of color. 16. And luxuriate in the local beauty products. “The island has a number of small beauty producers that turn out wonderful items and fragrances,” says Petrino. These products include natural skin care and cosmetic lines; thermal mud-based masks and soaps; and perfumes and eaux de toilettes, often with citrusy scents that reflect the island’s natural fragrances. Prison Break) finds himself overshadowed by a new generation of action stars and unexpected discoveries.","commentCount":2,"comment":[{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2024-09-06","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"kanzekage"},"text":"Been wanting to see him in something new I would like to see him get picked up by Marvel ot D.C thus ensuring continuity in the restaurant's identity decided to preserve the DNA of the place while adding his own personal touch has already made a name for itself in the capital offering us an experience faithful to the flavors of Italy inspired by transalpine terroirs and authentic gastronomy reassuring dishes that return to the original taste of Italian cuisine The chef's signature dishes are presented with a touch of sophistication Theblack truffle arancini opens the ball with a melting awakened by a spicy condiment that subtly breaks up the roundness of the cheese.Fried artichoke à la romaine reveals a controlled bitterness and balanced seasoning fresh starter that contrasts with the richness of the other antipasti Perfectly grilled octopus a la plancha is accompanied by smoked potatoes,olives and capers a Mediterranean trio that balances acidity and depth melt-in-the-mouth ricotta gnocchi is a favorite with a fragrant basil pesto while the marinated tuna tartare adds a welcome freshness The creamy risotto alla milanese is enhanced by melting braised beef and lemon caviar pearls that burst on the palate The praline-hazelnut combination is formidable and the fleur de lait ice cream lightens the whole with its intense Kafa coffee and fior di latte ice cream This restaurant is aimed at connoisseurs of Italian cuisine local businessmen and women looking for a nice place to enjoy lunch in a cosy atmosphere but also groups of friends who like to share dishes made with love This test was conducted as part of a professional invitation Gillian McGuire Every seafood spot in Ischia Porto claims they serve the freshest fish on the island And while we can’t say for certain who hold that title (though are certainly up to the challenge of trying them all) Reserve a table for lunch or dinner and expect a menu full of carpaccio And if the dozens of wine bottles lining the walls feels overwhelming be sure to punctuate your meal with the dessert of the day and a glass of grappa SeafoodPizza Ischia Porto Ristorante da Emiddio is a family-run restaurant in Ischia Porto with port views and lots of seafood Italian Serrara Fontana Casamicciola Bar Gino is a casual beach bar in Casamicciola Terme that’s perpettually busy and great for a grilled prosciutto and mozzarella sandwich This website has been translated using an AI program Could the Italian island of Ischa - still unknown to most people - be the 'new' Capri? Yes. It must be. Especially when fashionable 16th century hotels reopen, provided with a renovation that can't just be called a re-vamping. The topic of conversation: the Mezzatorre Hotel about 27 km northwest of its smaller and much more spacious neighbor Capri Although… The new Capri… The Italians are probably laughing at you Ischia is as well known as Cancun is for the Americans and Mexicans Ischa is about four times the size of Capri neat vineyards have been planted here and there where delicious mineral white wines are produced from local forestera grapes And there are thermal natural baths that have been preserved since the Romans Also beautiful is the 18th-century Villa Arbusto in Lacco Ameno Ischia Ponte is a small harbor village in the shadow of the ancient Castello Aragonese that was used for the filming of The Talented Mr but make no mistake: the unpolished square pimples of buildings and ugly signage are there too as are tourists dressed in microscopic pieces of Lurex And there is a distinct lack of boutiques for Italian brands such as Zegna But it is the place where you will find our youngest dream hotel: the Mezzatorre Hotel. 57 beautiful rooms soft pink parasols and blue sunbeds on a rugged cliff The hotel is part of the Italian Pellicano Hotels collection which also includes the celebrated Il Pellicano on Tuscany's Monte Argentario peninsula Jean Paul Getty's former seaside home in Ladispoli as intimates may call the hotel club (and we do it too) was the group where the jet set checked in for glamor in its heyday (the 1970s and 1980s) After that it lost some of its glamor but is now Not just with the hotels themselves: there are Pelli pop-ups at Bergdorf Goodman in New York and there are collaborations with brands from Birkenstock to Missoni The Mezzatorre is one of the last showpieces and what kind: the hotel was originally opened in 1981 set among the ruins of a 16th-century watchtower in a secluded clifftop setting at the far northwestern tip of the island It is surrounded by woods and stands next to an abandoned villa once occupied by the director Luchino Visconti. The rooms and suites are spread between the main building (the tower) and several low-rise bungalows spread across the hill There is its own small but lovely thermal spa and there is a beautiful wooden swimming pool overlooking a beach made up of two long curved stone terraces that embrace a rocky cove of vibrant turquoise water images via the Instagram account of the Mezzatorre hotel The Giadzy founder explored thermal pools in Ischia Metrics details The destructive (Mw 3.9) earthquake of 21 August 2017 re-opened the question on where magma resides at the Ischia island volcano The peculiar complexity of the seismic source initiated the debate on the involvement of fluid-related processes but the magmatic origin of the event remains uncertain Here we use ground displacement and broadband seismic data to investigate the magmatic system of Ischia volcano where progressive underplating of mafic material at mid-crustal depth feeds the deep structures which are characterized by exceptionally high seismic velocity and are connected with a shallow crystal mush Although no direct evidence of large molten volumes was found strong anisotropy suggests that the crystal mush is pervaded by magma-intruded dykes We propose that the 2017 event was due to a negative tensile deformation caused by depressurization of supercritical fluids along a shallow southwest (SW-)-dipping fault defined by receiver functions (RFs) data which acted as a valve regulating the overpressure of deep magmatic fluids Map of Ischia island showing the seismic stations’ location (white squares) The white circles indicate the location of the GNSS stations at which the horizontal coseismic displacement is displayed by the blue arrows The projection of the fault plane is shown as an empty rectangle In the upper left corner the location of the island with respect to Italy Hydrothermal system depressurization with deep source deflating by degassing and magma cooling have been invoked as possible causes of the observed ground displacements in addition to a landslide of the unstable flanks a few steps beyond the classical imaging of velocity perturbations should be considered Domains molten into coalescing sets of low-aspect-ratio dikes can generate peculiar anisotropic signatures that stand up from seismically opaque volumes within which the average velocities are rather homogeneous we use broadband data from two seismic stations on the island to retrieve the S-wave velocity (Vs) and anisotropy structure with receiver functions (RFs) analyses in an attempt to better define Ischia’s magmatic system The k = 0 term is a weighted stack of the radial RFs (a and epicentral distribution of the teleseisms used (b The k = 1 term of the harmonic decomposition N–S and E–W labels indicate the cosine and sine terms of the harmonic decomposition PPD of the velocity with depth (panels i) for the stations IOCA (a) and IMTC (b) dashed lines mark the 95% confidence interval Panels ii show the interface distribution at depth (IF-DIS) The fit between observed and synthetic RFs for the three Gaussian parameters (red for the observed and black for the synthetic RF) is shown in panels iii for Gaussian filter 8 c Sketched interpretation of the velocities at depth for IOCA (c i) and IMTC (c ii) The 3D model at station IOCA displays a dipping interface (strike N110°, dip 40°) at a depth of about 2.5 km and a 4 km thick anisotropic layer with fast symmetry axis oriented N290°, plunging 30°. The pulses due to the dipping interface and to the anisotropy within the k = 1 component of the RFs harmonics are shown in Supplementary Fig. S3 The signal on the cosine component is due to the dipping interface while the anisotropy is responsible for the signal on the sine component the same anisotropy percentage for both primary (P) and shear (S) waves has been used for the modeling Horizontal (a) and vertical (b) GNSS coseismic displacements The projection of the modeled fault plane is shown as an empty rectangle the 3D plots of modeled volume variations and slip distribution along the fault plane (on a 250 × 250 m grid) whose geometry is constrained by RFs results Panels e–h present the LOS displacements relative to the ascending S1 (16–22 August 2017) and descending CSK (19–23 August 2017); panels i–l report modeled LOS displacements whereas panels m–p show residual LOS displacements; satellite flight paths (black arrows) and LOS are represented; black rectangle is the projection of the modeled fault plane How such transient deformation episodes relate to the decennial deflation and magma dynamics is a major issue to unravel Our results contribute to solving some puzzling features of the deep structure and the connection with the magmatic system the Vs models of the two seismic stations are similar for depths >4–5 km as teleseismic rays sample the same deep structure of the volcano Differences in the first pulses are evidence of local and strong lateral variability of the shallow structure Deep low Vs in the lower crust (Vs = 3.5 km/s at 20 km) Exceptionally high Vs (Vs = 4.2 km/s at 7–13 km) Relatively high Vs zone at a depth between 3 and 7 km (Vs = 3.5 km/s) This heating could be related to the broad tectonic Quaternary extension of the Tyrrhenian margin and likely represents the deep root and the engine of the Ischia magma plumbing system The high-velocity body indicates that the intrusive complex is in sub-solidus conditions and may represent today a transfer zone for magmas formed in the deep roots of the plumbing system and traveling upward in the absence of wide melt volumes in the upper crust The anisotropic fabric reflects the plexus of inclined intrusions that progressively inflated the post-caldera crystal mush driving the 1000 m caldera floor anisotropic resurgence explain the evolution of the island as a result of repeated episodes of intrusions on such inclined planes suggesting that this fabric also controls the present-day rise of magmatic fluids from below b The main 3D elements are schematically represented to visualize their respective location From surface to bottom (down to 20 km) as follows: the N110° striking fault This volume is the result of intrusions that progressively inflated the post-caldera crystal mush and whose progressive emplacement has been the driving force behind the 1000 m resurgence of the caldera floor We suggest that both the longer and short-term evolution of the volcano are due to the emplacement of the same deep structures that have been regulating the volcanic resurgence in the last 55 kyr and which control the present-day rise of magmatic fluids from below Future monitoring of anisotropy variations could be used to infer the progression and migration of fluids and melts from the mush that limit the frequency band up to respectively about 1 and 4 Hz) for the computation of the RFs dataset The cosine is here labeled N–S for easier interpretation given the fact that maximum amplitudes are occurring in this component when north or south-dipping interfaces or north–south trending anisotropy axes are present The sine is labeled E–W as the maximum number of amplitudes that occur in this component whenever east or west dipping interfaces or east-west trending anisotropy axes are found The RjMcMC solved the non-linear inverse problem by the application of a trans-dimensional method exploring the misfit to the data within a large prior which defines the model space; the layer thicknesses and number of layers were freely explored by the algorithm We considered multiples from all layers to adequately constrain the overall S-wave profile using the k = 0 harmonics we did not consider multiples from deeper layers since multiples from anisotropic layers are likely to be disrupted by the lateral heterogeneity of the layers’ physical properties the stable and constant orientation of the anisotropic materials in rather large portions of the crust is unlikely and this does not allow retrieving coherent multiples from all baz directions The RFs inversion problem is known to be inherently non-unique Linearized inversion approaches have been applied for decades but they fail to address the critical aspect of the problem have been introduced to tackle exactly this drawback of previous inversion schemes Our analysis clearly shows that both high and low velocity at Moho depth is consistent with the data (54% and 46% of the two subfamilies in the case of IOCA with Vs decreasing in both cases at depths between 15 and 25 km the Vs at the Moho trades off with the minimum Vs value the low-velocity layer is shallower for subfamily A we show that the two families with different Vs in the accumulated mafic material (depth range 7–13 km) are very similar the number of models in the family with a velocity lower than 3.9 km/s is very limited (0.8%) high velocity in the mafic accumulated material Since previous models and seismological observations suggest a complex source3 we applied a two-step approach consisting of a non-linear inversion for the best-fit source parameters followed by a linear inversion for slip and closure distribution along the fault plane The source geometry was constrained by the RFs results with the non-linear step providing for the rake angle and the geometry refinements The 21 August 2017 Ischia (Italy) earthquake source model inferred from seismological The 2017 Ischia Earthquake (Southern Italy): source mechanism and rupture model from the inversion of a near-source strong motion record Volcanological and structural evolution of the Ischia resurgent caldera (Italy) over the past 10 k.y In Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas Chap New insights into Late Pleistocene explosive volcanic activity and caldera formation on Ischia (southern Italy) Sr- and Nd-isotope and trace-element constraints on the chemical evolution of the magmatic system of Ischia (Italy) in the last 55 ka Simple-shearing block resurgence in caldera depression Cyclical slope instability and volcanism related to volcano-tectonism in resurgent calderas: the Ischia Island (Italy) case study On the mechanics of caldera resurgence of Ischia island (southern Italy) In Mechanism of Activity and Unrest at Large Calderas (eds Troise C.R.J.) Geological Society Special Publication Vol Caldera resurgence driven by magma viscosity contrasts The geothermal system of Ischia Island (southern Italy): Critical review and sustainability analysis of geothermal resource for electricity generation Surface deformation analysis in the Ischia Island (Italy) based on spaceborne radar interferometry Magma degassing as a source of long‐term seismicity at volcanoes: the Ischia island (Italy) case Multitemporal and multisensor InSAR analysis for ground displacement field assessment at Ischia Volcanic Island (Italy) Shrinking of Ischia Island (Italy) from long-term geodetic data: implications for the deflation mechanisms of resurgent calderas and their relationships with seismicity Determining the state of activity of transcrustal magmatic systems and their volcanoes Seismic structure beneath Mt Vesuvius from receiver function analysis and local earthquakes tomography: evidences for location and geometry of the magma chamber Deep structure of the Colli Albani Volcanic District (central Italy) from receiver function analysis Vertically extensive and unstable magmatic systems: a unified view of igneous processes Geophysical inversion with a neighbourhood algorithm—I Assessing uncertainties in high-resolution multifrequency receiver-function inversion: a comparison with borehole data Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space A model for Ischia hydrothermal system: evidences from the chemistry of thermal groundwaters Fumarolic and diffuse soil degassing west of Mount Epomeo The relationship between InSAR coseismic deformation and earthquake-induced landslides associated with the 2017 Mw 3.9 Ischia (Italy) earthquake Seismic velocity structure and the composition of the continental crust: a global view resurgent Campi Flegrei nested caldera (Italy): constraints on its evolution and configuration Carlino, S. et al. The volcano-tectonics of the northern sector of Ischia Island Caldera (Southern Italy): resurgence, subsidence and earthquakes. Front. Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.730023 (2022) On the non-uniqueness of receiver function inversions Variance estimate in frequency-domain deconvolution for teleseismic receiver function computation Anisotropic shear zones revealed by back azimuthal harmonics of teleseismic receiver functions Azimuthal anisotropy in the upper mantle from observation of P-to-S converted phases: application to southeast Australia Upper mantle stratification by P and S receiver functions Mapping seismic anisotropy using harmonic decomposition of receiver functions: an application to Northern Apennines Crustal anisotropy across northern Japan from receiver functions Genetic algorithm inversion for receiver functions with application to crust and uppermost mantle structure beneath eastern Australia Modeling teleseismic waves in dipping anisotropic structures Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the Earth’s surface Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN) https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/X0FXNH7QFY (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Download references Apostolova for her assistance and advice in editing this paper by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) J4314-N29 the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica Vulcanologia The authors confirm their contribution to the paper as follows: model computation and text editing: I.B.; Geodetic inversion and text editing: G.P.; Experimental design and text editing: C.C.; Concept elaboration and text editing: G.G The authors declare no competing interests Communications Earth & Environment thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00938-8 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: a shareable link is not currently available for this article Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science Wanted in RomeMagazine Ischia has been named best island in the world by readers of the American magazine Travel + Leisure in the 2022 edition of The World's Best Awards the annual international survey for top tourism destinations Readers are asked to rate islands according to their activities and sights with Ischia claiming the top spot with a score of 94.61 Travel + Leisure readers were enamoured by Ischia's "picturesque villages which include Le Fumarole and its geothermally heated sand".  president of Ischia's hotel federation Federalberghi told news agency ANSA that "these are the awards that make us proud and allow us to present our island to the whole world adequately" hailing Travel + Leisure as "a hallmark for global travellers" In the 2022 top 10 rankings of best islands Wanted in Rome ™ is member of the Wanted World Wide Ltd network.Click here to find out more about our Network or Follow us on social networks © 2025 / 2026 Wanted World Wide LTD Network With HBO turning the mysterious author’s Neapolitan Novels into a TV series one writer goes on a quest to find the midcentury vacation destination featured in the books “Now I’ll take you to see a landscape that you’ll never forget,” Nino says to Elena (aka Lenuccia)—the young protagonist of Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan Novels in The Story of a New Name the second book in the series—before leading her to Piazza del Soccorso in Forio a weathered white church with faded tiles stands alone overlooking the sea and the waves crashing below it struck me that aside from some modern cars parked nearby the piazza still looks exactly as it would have appeared to Lenuccia when the book takes place in the 1950s its adaptation of Ferrante’s bestselling novels Exploring the island by foot, boat, car, and scooter, much of the magic of which Ferrante wrote abounds. Obviously, much has changed since the ’50s, but you can still stumble upon scenes that make you feel like you’ve stepped back into her time. For example, a stay at the Albergo della Regina Isabella a grand dame opened in 1956 by film producer and publisher Angelo Rizzoli including Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton With its hand-painted tile floors and massive thermal spa the hotel feels like a blast from the past it still administers the same treatments using mud and thermal waters that were popular in decades past I recalled the scene in Fellini’s film 8 ½ when Marcello Mastroianni’s character finds respite at a sanatorium—popular in the 1950s and ’60s among middle and upper-class people suffering from both physical and mental ailments Though the property has received some updates the rooms are simply furnished with antiques and have views of the sea or the town of Lacco Ameno which is also mentioned in Ferrante’s books I order a limonata, thinking I’ll get a bottle of San Pellegrino, but the barista squeezes some fragrant Ischitan lemons and serves me the juice. Luigi asks if he can buy a couple of lemons for me to take as a souvenir, but the barista says they don’t sell them. Instead the owner gives me a couple as a gift. When it comes to the locals’ generosity, some things never change. ItalyChevron IschiaChevron Small wonder there is such a high percentage of returning To arrive from Naples in the resort’s private motor launch to the full line up of senior staff on the pontoon is the best way of making an entrance here The faux Graeco-Roman up-lit pediment and columned threshold of the legendary spa is equally Such singularity extends to retro design details; shaggy grass-fringed beach umbrellas sun-loungers with their angled shade attachments the oval swimming pool and the joyous colored Capodimonte floor tiles everywhere to conjure a sense of nostalgic hedonism the hotel is privately owned by the Carrierro family from Naples who are very present and for whom hospitality is a passion project Regina Isabella is in a different league from other cookie-cutter ‘luxury’ or trend-setting resorts and has a clientele to match It was built in 1956, the brainchild of Angelo Rizzoli, publisher and filmmaker, an aficionado of balneotherapy healing through bathing in thermal waters. It was he who turned the existing thermal clinic, owned by his wife’s gynocologist, into a headline act. He put Ischia on the map setting the bar for a new kind of health tourism and triggering a spate of Ischia-inspired movies from Vacanze a Ischia to Cleopatra with Liz Taylor and Richard Burton The duo conducted their affair quite brazenly at Regina Isabella which also threw Ischia into the spotlight The Talented Mr Ripley and My Brilliant Friend went even further to capture the simplicity and allure of the Mediterranean seaside summer with Ischia as the ultimate holiday island idyll The main dining room is like sitting on a cruise liner jutting into the big blue with adjustable sail-like shades to fend off the hammering sunlight with a cornucopia of cheeses and fruits and over a dozen versions of cake which have been used to heal since Roman times are tapped and harvested for their natural mineral content They contain varying amounts of calcium to calm the nervous system and potassium—so good for joint elasticity The radioactive nature of Ischia's waters was discovered in 1918 by Marie Curie who realised the important therapeutic power of radon The gas dissolved in the water has miniscule benign radioactivity which is enough to help treat the pain and symptoms of arthritis The thermal water and mud act on the immune system through the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines which can ameliorate associated inflammatory problems such as gut disorders psoriasis and eczema according to literally scores of scientific publications supporting spa treatments Lacco Ameno is the smallest and most elegant seaside town on the shores of the Bay of Naples on the northern coast of Ischia It extends vertically up the lush green slopes of Mt Epomeo to which there are jogging and hiking trails from the hotel Italian service knows instinctively how to blend formality with frivolity and a sense of fun They contribute hugely to the sum of happiness that makes every visit feel like you are coming home With choices of swimming pools and gentle beaches There is no charge for children up to two years while older offspring pay between 100-150 euros a night to sleep in their parents’ room Sustainable practices are very much a part of the ethos here. Single-use plastics are eschewed where possible and in the suites larger refillable shampoos and conditioners are used as well as compostable pods for all in-room coffee machines since the resort is built over hot springs it is able to use geothermal energy cost-effectively to power heat and air conditioning All public areas of the hotel, including the four pools, treatment areas of the spa and the sunbathing pontoons are wheelchair friendl—as you'd expect in an establishment that puts health and wellbeing centre stage. And as the sea laps at the feet of the resort, ocean-bathing is easy and accessible to all—not always a given on this island with most hotels built on a vertical. The famous La Mortella gardens nearby were created in 1959 by composer Sir William Walton and his wife Susanna with the assistance of Russell Page from the UK. Narrow paths wind between now fully mature bamboo clumps and agaves, around ornamental ponds and fountains. Near the Nymphaeum, the attractive teahouse is a poetic spot for an aperitivo. All listings featured on Condé Nast Traveler are independently selected by our editors. If you book something through our links, we may earn an affiliate commission. up-to-the-minute voice in all things travel Condé Nast Traveler is the global citizen’s bible and muse We understand that time is the greatest luxury which is why Condé Nast Traveler mines its network of experts and influencers so that you never waste a meal or a hotel stay wherever you are in the world Metrics details we analyse the seismic noise at Ischia Island (Italy) with the objective of detecting the hydrothermal source signals taking advantage of the Covid-19 quiescence due to lockdown (strong reduction of anthropogenic noise) We compare the characteristics of the background noise in pre- during and post-lockdown in terms of spectral content energy release (RMS) and statistical moments The continuous noise is decomposed into two independent signals in the 1−2 Hz and 2−4 Hz frequency bands becoming sharpened around 1 Hz and 3 Hz respectively in lockdown We propose a conceptual model according to which a dendritic system of fluid-permeated fractures plays as neighbour closed organ pipes for which the fundamental mode provides the persistent whisper and the first higher mode is activated in concomitance with energy increases By assuming reasonable values for the sound speed in low vapor–liquid mass fraction for a two-phase fluid and considering temperatures and pressures of the shallow aquifer fed by sea we estimate pipe lengths in the range 200–300 m Ischia organ-like system can play both continuous whisper and transients depending on the energy variations sourced by pressure fluctuations in the hydrothermal fluids The Covid-19 pandemic has produced huge repercussions on human activities all over the world Most part of the countries adopted drastic emergency measures to reduce the diffusion of the disease where the coronavirus was first identified in December 2019 Italy was one of the first countries struck by the pandemic In order to contain the devastating effects of the infection the Italian government imposed a lockdown consisting in severe restrictions which were gradually eased since May 4 Signals and PSDs acquired at IOCA station during pre- (panel A, nighttime, and D, daytime), lockdown (panel B, nighttime, and E, daytime) and post-lockdown (panel C, nighttime, and F, daytime). Time evolution of the RMS averaged over 1-h-long samples of the seismic noise recorded in the time interval January-June 2020 The upper panel shows the RMS in b1 for all the seismic stations The RMS in b2 for each station is shown in the five remaining panels Missing values are due to sensor breakdowns The grey vertical lines indicate the beginning (March 9 2020) of the lockdown and the end of the restriction measures (May 18 2020); the blue horizontal line represents the 90th percentile of the RMS distribution in the lockdown period The upper panel indicates that the RMS in b1 is almost stationary at all the stations all over the investigated time interval meaning that it does not suffer any anthropogenic noise contribution occurred during the three periods show the time pattern of the RMS in b2 separately at all the stations The horizontal blue line indicates the 90th percentile level in the lockdown phase which roughly corresponds to the mean value of the RMS pre/post-lockdown an evident drop of the amplitude occurs during the lockdown as expected in the case of reduction of noise due to the human activity (such as tourists a contribution to the energy in b2 is not negligible and it is surely poorly affected by the anthropogenic noise the strong periodicities related to both the day/night and weekly activity are much less marked except for the stations located in the South where a dependence on the human activity cycle emerge from the overall pattern and they have to be investigated in a more detail We calculated skewness and kurtosis of the RMS distribution in the two frequency bands during the pre- and lockdown phases Kurtosis (upper panels) and skewness (lower panels) of the RMS distribution for each station calculated in b1 and b2 during the pre- (black line) and lockdown (orange line) periods the marked high value of kurtosis at IOCA and T1367 stations (in pre-lockdown) could be attributed to the strong presence of human-induced activities Kurtosis and skewness drastically decrease in lockdown and the distributions although still leptokurtic (at a certain degree) Slight variations of k and s are observed at T1363 comparing pre- and lockdown data The high pre-lockdown values of kurtosis and skewness, particularly evident at T1367 station, indicate a long-tailed right-skewed distribution ascribable to high-energetic transients, which overlap the low background signal (see the RMS levels Fig. 3) typical of the quiet site where T1367 is located (red zone) the northern stations show similar statistical moments in both pre- and lockdown periods the silence of lockdown suggests that the anthropogenic noise does not affect b1 at the northern stations the statistical moments change from pre- to lockdown and the RMS distributions deviate from supergaussianity towards a gaussian-like behaviour the kurtosis is always below five (tending to a Gaussian shape) suggesting fewer outliers that might be related to fluctuations in energy of the source since the anthropogenic noise is strongly reduced By adopting Independent Component Analysis, which is based on fourth order statistical moments19 it is possible to check whether a time decomposition of the seismic noise is reliable in order to better constrain the features of the hydrothermal system This can shed light on how the anthropogenic noise affects the basic source signal An example of ICA extraction: comparison between the decomposed signals (IC1 and IC2) in pre-lockdown (in black) and lockdown (in orange) whereas IC2 is much well extracted during the lockdown (a sharped frequency content vs a multiple-peak band) The original series in this example are relative to Jan 13 2020,15:32 UTC (in lockdown) considering all the stations we find that IC2 is always extracted in presence of the outliers but that would be likely hidden in the noise in pre-lockdown avoiding the southern stations (T1368 and IBRN) the statistics in the extraction of IC2 strongly improves suggesting that it is mainly concentrated and linked to the hydrothermal system in the North of the island and hence well detected by the northern stations Notice that the energy threshold value (Fig. 3) is hidden in the background noise in periods far from lockdown the two independent signals are always present but sometimes IC2 is not separated due to the strong presence of the anthropogenic noise that radiates energy in the same frequency band these results clearly indicate that both ICs are source signals and are a fingerprint of the hydrothermal system in the North: IC1 is the dominant source; IC2 is its higher mode we took the opportunity to study the seismic noise during the lockdown period We concentrated our attention on Ischia Island by performing a detailed investigation of the seismic noise in order to compare its characteristics between pre- and lockdown phases and the decomposition of the wavefield in terms of independent components (ICs) The frequency content is always below 10 Hz with 1–2 Hz band (b1) of greatest amplitude and the 2–4 Hz band (b2) RMS evolution is basically the same in b1 both in pre- and lockdown whereas it experiences a strong amplitude drop in b2 due to the strong reduction of the anthropogenic noise the outliers underline time periods when a higher energy is involved The statistical moments evaluated on RMS distribution indicate that in b1 the northern stations have a similar distribution independently of the lockdown the RMS distributions tend to be Gaussian (slightly leptokurtic with kurtosis of about 4 and few outliers revealing fluctuations in energy of the source) from a supergaussian condition (more related to the human activity) The background noise is decomposed into two independent modes but with peculiar spectral signatures sharpened around 1 Hz and 3 Hz respectively in lockdown while IC2 is always extracted in those time windows corresponding to an enhancement of the energy (outliers) This especially occurs restricting the analysis to the northern stations as increasing the level of the involved energy the system shows a nonlinear behaviour passing through different states: with one extracted mode (the fundamental) or with two extracted modes (fundamental and first mode) or even higher the length of the vibrating solid structure Sketch of the hydrothermal system at Ischia: functioning of the organ-pipe like model providing the whisper The picture of the closed pipes is taken from the laboratory of Acoustics (Salerno University) and is representative of the behaviour of the system The helicoidal arrows indicate fluid flow from the deep reservoir to the shallow aquifer which in turn is mainly fed by meteoric and sea water; the red lines are representative of the faults The panels show waveforms and spectra of the extracted components in pre-lockdown (blue and black lines) several overtones are involved) into a broadband tremor and vice versa the collective behaviour of such a complex system can be ideally assimilated to an equivalent pipe providing indications both on the spatial scales involved in the phenomenon and on the physical behaviour of the system (i.e the appearance of more modes in some ratios) the nonlinear model able to fully take into account the observed self-oscillations produced by a vibrating pipe is not available yet the linear approximation can provide reliable estimates of the geometric parameters of the equivalent pipe can be estimated including the open-end correction In a water–vapor mixture, the sound speed of the two-phase fluid as a function of pressure (P) and temperature (T) is53: where \({x}_{m}\)= \(\frac{{M}_{\nu }}{{M}_{l}}\) is the vapor–liquid mass fraction; \({g}_{\upnu }=\frac{TR}{M{\rho }_{\upnu }^{\gamma -1}}\) with ρν and ρl being the vapor and pure liquid densities R = 8.32 J K−1 mol−1 is the universal gas constant M = 18.02 g mol−1 is the water molecular weight and γ = 1.31 is the isentropic exponent of steam; \({K}_{l}\) is the bulk modulus of the pure liquid phase By assuming pressure and temperature in the range [1–50] bar and [100–264] °C which are reasonable values for the Ischia aquifer up to 500 m depth the sound speed c spans over the range [1400–1000] m/s A crucial element of the model should be represented by a time-dependent amplitude threshold which takes into account the variability of the deep and superficial recharges and the bubble flux an amplitude signal (detected as RMS outliers) overcoming a certain threshold can track a departure of the system from the equilibrium state (seismic noise) to the non-equilibrium (transients we provide details on the data that we used in the present paper and on the Independent Component Analysis technique All relevant data are available from the authors The 2020 coronavirus lockdown and seismic monitoring of anthropic activities in Northern Italy The soundscape of the Trevi fountain in Covid-19 silence Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV2 lethality in Northern Italy? 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All the authors cooperated to an equal extent in writing the text and preparing figures Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88266-9 your new go-to podcast to spice up your weekday mornings with relevant news and behind-the-scenes from Brussels and beyond From the economy to the climate and the EU's role in world affairs this talk show sheds light on European affairs and the issues that impact on our daily lives as Europeans Tune in to understand the ins and outs of European politics Dare to imagine the future with business and tech visionaries Deep dive conversations with business leaders Euronews Tech Talks goes beyond discussions to explore the impact of new technologies on our lives the podcast provides valuable insights into the intersection of technology and society Europe's water is under increasing pressure floods are taking their toll on our drinking water Join us on a journey around Europe to see why protecting ecosystems matters and to discover some of the best water solutions an animated explainer series and live debate - find out why Water Matters We give you the latest climate facts from the world’s leading source analyse the trends and explain how our planet is changing We meet the experts on the front line of climate change who explore new strategies to mitigate and adapt A landslide on the southern Italian island of Ischia that killed at least seven people was partly caused by climate change The Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA) claims the heavy rains that triggered the mudslide on the island were an example of a climate-related extreme weather event The society reports that 130 exceptional weather phenomena have been registered in 2022 - the highest annual average in the last decade The storm that hit Ischia is an example of the disastrous effects of climate change now "under everyone's eyes" the group added Torrential rain early on Saturday morning caused a wave of mud and debris which devastated the small town of Casamicciola Terme in the north of Ischia Seven people have been confirmed dead while five are still missing Italian environmental society SIMA has warned that climate change is behind the landslide that swept houses and cars into the sea “The environmental crisis has the ability to influence the intensity and number of meteorological phenomena thus making them more dangerous and destructive,” said SIMA president Alessandro Miani He said that heavy rains have had some of the most serious consequences for the country "The anomalous distribution of rainfall is increasingly taking the form of extremes concentrated in autumn and winter,” the president warned tornadoes and cyclones will be more numerous and destructive in the future." Experts say decades of unauthorised construction aggravated the effects of the mudslide It is estimated that thousands of houses and other buildings were constructed under illegal permits on the island Large areas of trees - fundamental to securing soil and reducing landslide risk - were torn down to do this Experts add that a geological survey analysing mudslide risk was last carried out two decades ago Both SIMA and the environmental association Legambiente have highlighted the need to prepare for future extreme weather events “yet Italy continues to be unprepared and citizens are often left alone to deal with the impacts.” Legambiente has appealed to the Italian government to establish a “national climate adaptation plan.” The association has called for a law against building on areas of healthy soil and the creation of a national control room to monitor climate risks SIMA has also asked the government to launch a national reforestation programme